[FRAME Core] Remove without_storage_info on pallets

[shawntabrizi]

paritytech/substrate#8556

Need to update all instances of Vec in the runtime storage to BoundedVec, which will allow us to start generating worse case scenario PoV sizes.

• Validators / Session Stuff: Bounded Validators / Authorities in New Sessions substrate#8640
  • Aura
  • Authority Discovery
  • Babe
  • Grandpa
  • Im-Online
  • Session
• Authorship @koute Remove without_storage_info for the authorship pallet substrate#11610
• Beefy @KiChjang Implement MaxEncodedLen on pallet-beefy substrate#11584
• Collective pallet - remove without_storage_info #167
• ConvictionVoting @gavofyork MEL: Origin, Referenda, ConvictionVoting substrate#11631
• Democracy @gavofyork Bound uses of Call substrate#11649
• ElectionProviderMultiPhase
• ElectionsPhragmen @Szegoo Bound elections-phragmen pallet substrate#12549
• (Examples)
• Lottery pallet-lottery: add generate_storage_info substrate#10594
• Membership @skunert Remove without_storage_info for membership pallet substrate#11591
• Multisig @shawntabrizi Make Multisig Pallet Bounded substrate#12457
• NodeAuthorization @koute Remove without_storage_info for the node-authorization pallet substrate#11621
• Offences @ggwpez Bound pallet-offences substrate#11585
• Preimage @gavofyork Bound uses of Call substrate#11649
• RankedCollective @shawntabrizi https://github.com/paritytech/substrate/pull/11602/files
• Referenda @gavofyork MEL: Origin, Referenda, ConvictionVoting substrate#11631
• Remark @KiChjang Remove #[pallet::without_storage_info] for pallet-remark substrate#11590
• Scheduler @gavofyork Bound uses of Call substrate#11649
• ScoredPool @hbulgarini Removing without_storage_info from scored-pool pallet. substrate#11996
• Society @gavofyork Society v2 substrate#11324
• Staking
• StateTrieMigration @ggwpez MEL bound state-trie-migration substrate#11639
• Sudo @shawntabrizi Bounded for Sudo Test and Tips substrate#11596 Done in Use #[pallet::unbounded] tag in FRAME System substrate#11946
• System @gavofyork Blocked on (Infra 3).
• Tips @shawntabrizi Bounded for Sudo Test and Tips substrate#11596
• TransactionStorage @skunert Remove without_storage_info from pallet transaction-storage substrate#11668
• Treasury Add BoundedVec to Treasury Pallet substrate#8665

Polkadot:

• Pallet XCM
• XCM in general.

Infra stuff:

1. PalletsOrigin @gavofyork MEL: Origin, Referenda, ConvictionVoting substrate#11631
2. Call should impl MaxEncodedLen. Two options:

• Any dispatchables whose args do not all impl MaxEncodedLen should be marked #[pallet::call(unbounded)] and will not be included in Call. Introduce an additional UnboundedCall type which gets created in parallel to Call, and includes all dispatchables but does not impl MaxEncodedLen.
• Introduce a new Signed Extension AuxData, from Preimages pallet. This places one or more blobs of data in a non-persistent storage item of Preimages pallet, indexed by its hash. It can be a map which is cleared at on_finalize but would ideally use Transient storage runtime host function #359. The data can be retrieved through the usual Preimages API in exactly the same manner as the persistent preimages. Large arguments for Calls dispatched immediately in a transaction would be encoded and placed in this AuxData Signed Extension and referenced through hash. If such a Call were expected to execution autonomously on-chain then the preimage would need to be registered as usual. note_preimage would use AuxData, set_code would use (via the trait interface) Preimages pallet.
• Call need not impl MEL, instead we can just avoid storing it directly but do so through a preimage. Bound uses of Call substrate#11649

3. #[pallet::storage(write_only)] for items which cannot/must not be read. the MEL is allowed to be undefined. in this case, and if a new production feature is enabled, then there should be no storage API to read the item (this is a larger refactoring and will need additional changes to storage macros). this together with marking the low-level storage accesses as unsafe APIs will give build-time safety for PoV size.
4. #[derive(MaxEncodedLen) should respect #[codec(skip)].

Before any pallet is checked off above, the final step in this process would be do remove the without_storage_info macro:

	#[pallet::pallet]
	#[pallet::generate_store(pub(super) trait Store)]
	#[pallet::without_storage_info] <--- here
	pub struct Pallet<T, I = ()>(PhantomData<(T, I)>);

This tells us that all the storage item in the pallet are compatible with the storage info trait.