feat: staking

[wischli]

fixes KILTProtocol/ticket#1253

• Adds parachain staking
• adds shell runtime execution
• spiritnet runtime
• specify which runtime should be used with --runtime {spiritnet,mashnet}

How to test:

cargo test -p parachain-staking

custom types

This PR introduces new custom JS-types which are required for compatibility with our SDK and the Polkadot Apps.

Companion Types PR

Please use the following types to test the code with the Polkadot Apps:

JS-Types

{
"AccountInfo": "AccountInfoWithTripleRefCount"
"Address": "MultiAddress",
"AmountOf": "i128",
"Balance": "u128",
"BlockNumber": "u64",
"Index": "u64",
"LookupSource": "MultiAddress",
"CtypeCreatorOf": "DidIdentifierOf",
"CtypeHashOf": "Hash",
"ClaimHashOf": "Hash",
"AttesterOf": "DidIdentifierOf",
"AttestationDetails": {
  "ctypeHash": "CtypeHashOf",
  "attester": "AttesterOf",
  "delegationId": "Option<DelegationNodeIdOf>",
  "revoked": "bool"
},
"Permissions": "u32",
"DelegationNodeIdOf": "Hash",
"DelegatorIdOf": "DidIdentifierOf",
"DelegationSignature": "DidSignature",
"DelegationRoot": {
  "ctypeHash": "CtypeHashOf",
  "owner": "DelegatorIdOf",
  "revoked": "bool"
},
"DelegationNode": {
  "rootId": "DelegationNodeIdOf",
  "parent": "Option<DelegationNodeIdOf>",
  "owner": "DelegatorIdOf",
  "permissions": "Permissions",
  "revoked": "bool"
},
"KeyIdOf": "Hash",
"DidIdentifierOf": "AccountId",
"AccountIdentifierOf": "AccountId",
"BlockNumberOf": "BlockNumber",
"DidCallableOf": "Call",
"DidVerificationKey": {
  "_enum": {
    "Ed25519": "[u8; 32]",
    "Sr25519": "[u8; 32]"
  }
},
"DidEncryptionKey": {
  "_enum": {
    "X25519": "[u8; 32]"
  }
},
"DidPublicKey": {
  "_enum": {
    "PublicVerificationKey": "DidVerificationKey",
    "PublicEncryptionKey": "DidEncryptionKey"
  }
},
"DidVerificationKeyRelationship": {
  "_enum": [
    "Authentication",
    "CapabilityDelegation",
    "CapabilityInvocation",
    "AssertionMethod"
  ]
},
"DidSignature": {
  "_enum": {
    "Ed25519": "Ed25519Signature",
    "Sr25519": "Sr25519Signature"
  }
},
"DidError": {
  "_enum": {
    "StorageError": "StorageError",
    "SignatureError": "SignatureError",
    "UrlError": "UrlError",
    "InternalError": "Null"
  }
},
"StorageError": {
  "_enum": {
    "DidAlreadyPresent": "Null",
    "DidNotPresent": "Null",
    "DidKeyNotPresent": "DidVerificationKeyRelationship",
    "VerificationKeyNotPresent": "Null",
    "CurrentlyActiveKey": "Null",
    "MaxTxCounterValue": "Null"
  }
},
"SignatureError": {
  "_enum": [
    "InvalidSignatureFormat",
    "InvalidSignature",
    "InvalidNonce"
  ]
},
"KeyError": {
  "_enum": [
    "InvalidVerificationKeyFormat",
    "InvalidEncryptionKeyFormat"
  ]
},
"UrlError": {
  "_enum": [
    "InvalidUrlEncoding",
    "InvalidUrlScheme"
  ]
},
"DidPublicKeyDetails": {
  "key": "DidPublicKey",
  "blockNumber": "BlockNumberOf"
},
"DidDetails": {
  "authenticationKey": "KeyIdOf",
  "keyAgreementKeys": "BTreeSet<KeyIdOf>",
  "delegationKey": "Option<KeyIdOf>",
  "attestationKey": "Option<KeyIdOf>",
  "publicKeys": "BTreeMap<KeyIdOf, DidPublicKeyDetails>",
  "endpointUrl": "Option<Url>",
  "lastTxCounter": "u64"
},
"DidCreationOperation": {
  "did": "DidIdentifierOf",
  "newAuthenticationKey": "DidVerificationKey",
  "newKeyAgreementKeys": "BTreeSet<DidEncryptionKey>",
  "newAttestationKey": "Option<DidVerificationKey>",
  "newDelegationKey": "Option<DidVerificationKey>",
  "newEndpointUrl": "Option<Url>"
},
"DidUpdateOperation": {
  "did": "DidIdentifierOf",
  "newAuthenticationKey": "Option<DidVerificationKey>",
  "newKeyAgreementKeys": "BTreeSet<DidEncryptionKey>",
  "attestationKeyUpdate": "DidVerificationKeyUpdateAction",
  "delegationKeyUpdate": "DidVerificationKeyUpdateAction",
  "publicKeysToRemove": "BTreeSet<KeyIdOf>",
  "newEndpointUrl": "Option<Url>",
  "txCounter": "u64"
},
"DidVerificationKeyUpdateAction": {
  "_enum": {
    "Ignore": "Null",
    "Change": "DidVerificationKey",
    "Delete": "Null"
  }
},
"DidDeletionOperation": {
  "did": "DidIdentifierOf",
  "txCounter": "u64"
},
"DidAuthorizedCallOperation": {
  "did": "DidIdentifierOf",
  "txCounter": "u64",
  "call": "DidCallableOf"
},
"HttpUrl": {
  "payload": "Text"
},
"FtpUrl": {
  "payload": "Text"
},
"IpfsUrl": {
  "payload": "Text"
},
"Url": {
  "_enum": {
    "Http": "HttpUrl",
    "Ftp": "FtpUrl",
    "Ipfs": "IpfsUrl"
  }
},
"LockedBalance": {
  "block": "BlockNumber",
  "amount": "Balance"
},
"RoundIndex": "u32",
"RoundInfo": {
  "current": "RoundIndex",
  "first": "BlockNumber",
  "length": "BlockNumber"
},
"OrderedSet": "Vec<Stake>",
"Stake": {
  "owner": "AccountId",
  "amount": "Balance"
},
"TotalStake": {
  "collators": "Balance",
  "delegators": "Balance"
},
"InflationInfo": {
  "collator": "StakingInfo",
  "delegator": "StakingInfo"
},
"StakingInfo": {
  "maxRate": "Perquintill",
  "rewardRate": "RewardRate"
},
"RewardRate": {
  "annual": "Perquintill",
  "perBlock": "Perquintill"
},
"Delegator": {
  "delegations": "Vec<Stake>",
  "total": "Balance"
},
"CollatorSnapshot": {
  "stake": "Balance",
  "delegators": "Vec<Stake>",
  "total": "Balance"
},
"Collator": {
  "id": "AccountId",
  "stake": "Balance",
  "delegators": "Vec<Stake>",
  "total": "Balance",
  "state": "CollatorStatus"
},
"CollatorStatus": {
  "_enum": {
    "Active": "Null",
    "Idle": "Null",
    "Leaving": "SessionIndex"
  }
}
}

## Checklist:

• I have verified that the code works
• I have verified that the code is easy to understand
  • If not, I have left a well-balanced amount of inline comments
• I have left the code in a better state
• I have documented the changes (where applicable)