Add include guards to all headers

[Riolku]

Also add a CI job to check for them.

[Riolku]

Ref #2036 .

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Patch coverage has no change and project coverage change: -0.01% ⚠️

Comparison is base (d8a5ca4) 90.14% compared to head (5111406) 90.14%.

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##           master    #2042      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   90.14%   90.14%   -0.01%     
==========================================
  Files         938      937       -1     
  Lines       33364    33363       -1     
==========================================
- Hits        30075    30074       -1     
  Misses       3289     3289              

Files Changed	Coverage Δ
.../binder/rewriter/with_clause_projection_rewriter.h	100.00% <ø> (ø)
src/include/optimizer/factorization_rewriter.h	100.00% <ø> (ø)
src/include/optimizer/logical_operator_collector.h	91.66% <ø> (ø)

... and 3 files with indirect coverage changes

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