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Interface
github-actions[bot] edited this page Aug 20, 2024
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Although far from being as detailed as the in-depth explanation of flowR, this wiki page explains how to interface with flowR in more detail.<1>
As explained in the Overview, you can simply run the TCP server by adding the --server flag (and, due to the interactive mode, exit with the conventional CTRL+C).
Currently, every connection is handled by the same underlying RShell - so the server is not designed to handle many clients at a time.
Additionally, the server is not well guarded against attacks (e.g., you can theoretically spawn an arbitrary amount of R shell sessions on the target machine).
Every message has to be given in a single line (i.e., without a newline in-between) and end with a newline character. Nevertheless, we will pretty-print example given in the following segments for the ease of reading.
Note
The default --server uses a simple TCP
connection. If you want flowR to expose a WebSocket server instead, add the --ws flag (i.e., --server --ws) when starting flowR from the command line.
Sequence Diagram
sequenceDiagram
autonumber
participant Client
participant Server
Client-->Server: connects
Server->>Client: hello
After launching, for example with docker run -it --rm flowr --server (🐳️), simply connecting should present you with a hello message, that amongst others should reveal the versions of flowR and R running, using the semver 2.0 versioning scheme.
See the implementation of the hello message for more information regarding the contents of the message.
Example Message
Note: even though we pretty-print these messages, they are sent as a single line, ending with a newline.
{
"type": "hello",
"clientName": "client-0",
"versions": {
"flowr": "1.0.1",
"r": "4.3.1"
}
}There are currently a few messages that you can send after the hello message. If you want to slice a piece of R code you first have to send an analysis request, so that you can send one or multiple slice requests afterward. Requests for the REPL are independent of that.
Sequence Diagram
sequenceDiagram
autonumber
participant Client
participant Server
Client->>+Server: request-file-analysis
alt
Server-->>Client: response-file-analysis
else
Server-->>Client: error
end
deactivate Server
The request allows the server to analyze a file and prepare it for slicing.
The message can contain a filetoken, which is used to identify the file in later slice requests (if you do not add one, the request will not be stored and therefore, it is not available for subsequent slicing).
Important
If you want to send and process a lot of analysis requests, but do not want to slice them, please do not pass the filetoken field. This will save the server a lot of memory allocation.
Furthermore, the request must contain either a content field to directly pass the file's content or a filepath field which contains the path to the file (this path must be accessible for the server to be useful).
If you add the id field, the answer will use the same id so you can match requests and the corresponding answers.
See the implementation of the request-file-analysis message for more information.
Example Request
Note: even though we pretty-print these requests, they have to be sent as a single line, which ends with a newline.
{
"type": "request-file-analysis",
"id": "1",
"filetoken": "x",
"content": "x <- 1\nx + 1"
}Example Response (Long)
Note: even though we pretty-print these responses, they are sent as a single line, ending with a newline.
The results field of the response effectively contains three keys of importance:
-
parse: which contains 1:1 the parse result in CSV format that we received from theRShell(i.e., the AST produced by the parser of the R interpreter). -
normalize: which contains the normalized AST, including ids (see theinfofield). To better understand the structure, refer to figure 40A in the original master's thesis or refer to the documentation in the source code. -
dataflow: especially important is thegraphfield which contains the dataflow graph as a set of root vertices (i.e. vertices that appear on the top level), a list of all vertices (vertexInformation), and an adjacency list of all edges (again, refer to the source code for more information).
{
"type": "response-file-analysis",
"format": "json",
"id": "1",
"results": {
"parse": "[1,1,1,6,7,0,\"expr\",false,\"x <- 1\"],[1,1,1,1,1,3,\"SYMBOL\",true,\"x\"],[1,1,1,1,3,7,\"expr\",false,\"x\"],[1,3,1,4,2,7,\"LEFT_ASSIGN\",true,\"<-\"],[1,6,1,6,4,5,\"NUM_CONST\",true,\"1\"],[1,6,1,6,5,7,\"expr\",false,\"1\"],[2,1,2,5,16,0,\"expr\",false,\"x + 1\"],[2,1,2,1,10,12,\"SYMBOL\",true,\"x\"],[2,1,2,1,12,16,\"expr\",false,\"x\"],[2,3,2,3,11,16,\"'+'\",true,\"+\"],[2,5,2,5,13,14,\"NUM_CONST\",true,\"1\"],[2,5,2,5,14,16,\"expr\",false,\"1\"]",
"normalize": {
"ast": {
"type": "RExpressionList",
"children": [
{
"type": "RBinaryOp",
"location": [
1,
3,
1,
4
],
"lhs": {
"type": "RSymbol",
"location": [
1,
1,
1,
1
],
"content": "x",
"lexeme": "x",
"info": {
"fullRange": [
1,
1,
1,
1
],
"additionalTokens": [],
"fullLexeme": "x",
"id": 0,
"parent": 2,
"role": "binop-lhs",
"index": 0,
"depth": 2
}
},
"rhs": {
"location": [
1,
6,
1,
6
],
"lexeme": "1",
"info": {
"fullRange": [
1,
6,
1,
6
],
"additionalTokens": [],
"fullLexeme": "1",
"id": 1,
"parent": 2,
"role": "binop-rhs",
"index": 1,
"depth": 2
},
"type": "RNumber",
"content": {
"num": 1,
"complexNumber": false,
"markedAsInt": false
}
},
"operator": "<-",
"lexeme": "<-",
"info": {
"fullRange": [
1,
1,
1,
6
],
"additionalTokens": [],
"fullLexeme": "x <- 1",
"id": 2,
"parent": 6,
"depth": 1,
"index": 0,
"role": "expr-list-child"
}
},
{
"type": "RBinaryOp",
"location": [
2,
3,
2,
3
],
"lhs": {
"type": "RSymbol",
"location": [
2,
1,
2,
1
],
"content": "x",
"lexeme": "x",
"info": {
"fullRange": [
2,
1,
2,
1
],
"additionalTokens": [],
"fullLexeme": "x",
"id": 3,
"parent": 5,
"role": "binop-lhs",
"index": 0,
"depth": 2
}
},
"rhs": {
"location": [
2,
5,
2,
5
],
"lexeme": "1",
"info": {
"fullRange": [
2,
5,
2,
5
],
"additionalTokens": [],
"fullLexeme": "1",
"id": 4,
"parent": 5,
"role": "binop-rhs",
"index": 1,
"depth": 2
},
"type": "RNumber",
"content": {
"num": 1,
"complexNumber": false,
"markedAsInt": false
}
},
"operator": "+",
"lexeme": "+",
"info": {
"fullRange": [
2,
1,
2,
5
],
"additionalTokens": [],
"fullLexeme": "x + 1",
"id": 5,
"parent": 6,
"depth": 1,
"index": 1,
"role": "expr-list-child"
}
}
],
"info": {
"additionalTokens": [],
"id": 6,
"depth": 0,
"role": "root",
"index": 0
}
}
},
"dataflow": {
"unknownReferences": [],
"in": [
{
"nodeId": 2,
"name": "<-"
},
{
"nodeId": 5,
"name": "+",
"call": true
}
],
"out": [
{
"nodeId": 0,
"name": "x",
"kind": "variable",
"definedAt": 2
},
{
"nodeId": 0,
"name": "x",
"kind": "variable",
"definedAt": 2
}
],
"environment": {
"current": {
"id": 90,
"parent": {
"id": 0,
"memory": [
[
"NULL",
[
{
"kind": "built-in-value",
"definedAt": "built-in",
"value": null,
"name": "NULL",
"nodeId": "built-in"
}
]
],
[
"NA",
[
{
"kind": "built-in-value",
"definedAt": "built-in",
"value": null,
"name": "NA",
"nodeId": "built-in"
}
]
],
[
"TRUE",
[
{
"kind": "built-in-value",
"definedAt": "built-in",
"value": true,
"name": "TRUE",
"nodeId": "built-in"
}
]
],
[
"T",
[
{
"kind": "built-in-value",
"definedAt": "built-in",
"value": true,
"name": "T",
"nodeId": "built-in"
}
]
],
[
"FALSE",
[
{
"kind": "built-in-value",
"definedAt": "built-in",
"value": false,
"name": "FALSE",
"nodeId": "built-in"
}
]
],
[
"F",
[
{
"kind": "built-in-value",
"definedAt": "built-in",
"value": false,
"name": "F",
"nodeId": "built-in"
}
]
],
[
"~",
[
{
"kind": "built-in-function",
"definedAt": "built-in",
"name": "~",
"nodeId": "built-in"
}
]
],
[
"+",
[
{
"kind": "built-in-function",
"definedAt": "built-in",
"name": "+",
"nodeId": "built-in"
}
]
],
[
"-",
[
{
"kind": "built-in-function",
"definedAt": "built-in",
"name": "-",
"nodeId": "built-in"
}
]
],
[
"*",
[
{
"kind": "built-in-function",
"definedAt": "built-in",
"name": "*",
"nodeId": "built-in"
}
]
],
[
"/",
[
{
"kind": "built-in-function",
"definedAt": "built-in",
"name": "/",
"nodeId": "built-in"
}
]
],
[
"^",
[
{
"kind": "built-in-function",
"definedAt": "built-in",
"name": "^",
"nodeId": "built-in"
}
]
],
[
"!",
[
{
"kind": "built-in-function",
"definedAt": "built-in",
"name": "!",
"nodeId": "built-in"
}
]
],
[
"?",
[
{
"kind": "built-in-function",
"definedAt": "built-in",
"name": "?",
"nodeId": "built-in"
}
]
],
[
"**",
[
{
"kind": "built-in-function",
"definedAt": "built-in",
"name": "**",
"nodeId": "built-in"
}
]
],
[
"==",
[
{
"kind": "built-in-function",
"definedAt": "built-in",
"name": "==",
"nodeId": "built-in"
}
]
],
[
"!=",
[
{
"kind": "built-in-function",
"definedAt": "built-in",
"name": "!=",
"nodeId": "built-in"
}
]
],
[
">",
[
{
"kind": "built-in-function",
"definedAt": "built-in",
"name": ">",
"nodeId": "built-in"
}
]
],
[
"<",
[
{
"kind": "built-in-function",
"definedAt": "built-in",
"name": "<",
"nodeId": "built-in"
}
]
],
[
">=",
[
{
"kind": "built-in-function",
"definedAt": "built-in",
"name": ">=",
"nodeId": "built-in"
}
]
],
[
"<=",
[
{
"kind": "built-in-function",
"definedAt": "built-in",
"name": "<=",
"nodeId": "built-in"
}
]
],
[
"%%",
[
{
"kind": "built-in-function",
"definedAt": "built-in",
"name": "%%",
"nodeId": "built-in"
}
]
],
[
"%/%",
[
{
"kind": "built-in-function",
"definedAt": "built-in",
"name": "%/%",
"nodeId": "built-in"
}
]
],
[
"%*%",
[
{
"kind": "built-in-function",
"definedAt": "built-in",
"name": "%*%",
"nodeId": "built-in"
}
]
],
[
"%in%",
[
{
"kind": "built-in-function",
"definedAt": "built-in",
"name": "%in%",
"nodeId": "built-in"
}
]
],
[
":",
[
{
"kind": "built-in-function",
"definedAt": "built-in",
"name": ":",
"nodeId": "built-in"
}
]
],
[
"list",
[
{
"kind": "built-in-function",
"definedAt": "built-in",
"name": "list",
"nodeId": "built-in"
}
]
],
[
"c",
[
{
"kind": "built-in-function",
"definedAt": "built-in",
"name": "c",
"nodeId": "built-in"
}
]
],
[
"rep",
[
{
"kind": "built-in-function",
"definedAt": "built-in",
"name": "rep",
"nodeId": "built-in"
}
]
],
[
"seq",
[
{
"kind": "built-in-function",
"definedAt": "built-in",
"name": "seq",
"nodeId": "built-in"
}
]
],
[
"seq_len",
[
{
"kind": "built-in-function",
"definedAt": "built-in",
"name": "seq_len",
"nodeId": "built-in"
}
]
],
[
"seq_along",
[
{
"kind": "built-in-function",
"definedAt": "built-in",
"name": "seq_along",
"nodeId": "built-in"
}
]
],
[
"seq.int",
[
{
"kind": "built-in-function",
"definedAt": "built-in",
"name": "seq.int",
"nodeId": "built-in"
}
]
],
[
"gsub",
[
{
"kind": "built-in-function",
"definedAt": "built-in",
"name": "gsub",
"nodeId": "built-in"
}
]
],
[
"which",
[
{
"kind": "built-in-function",
"definedAt": "built-in",
"name": "which",
"nodeId": "built-in"
}
]
],
[
"class",
[
{
"kind": "built-in-function",
"definedAt": "built-in",
"name": "class",
"nodeId": "built-in"
}
]
],
[
"dimnames",
[
{
"kind": "built-in-function",
"definedAt": "built-in",
"name": "dimnames",
"nodeId": "built-in"
}
]
],
[
"min",
[
{
"kind": "built-in-function",
"definedAt": "built-in",
"name": "min",
"nodeId": "built-in"
}
]
],
[
"max",
[
{
"kind": "built-in-function",
"definedAt": "built-in",
"name": "max",
"nodeId": "built-in"
}
]
],
[
"intersect",
[
{
"kind": "built-in-function",
"definedAt": "built-in",
"name": "intersect",
"nodeId": "built-in"
}
]
],
[
"subset",
[
{
"kind": "built-in-function",
"definedAt": "built-in",
"name": "subset",
"nodeId": "built-in"
}
]
],
[
"match",
[
{
"kind": "built-in-function",
"definedAt": "built-in",
"name": "match",
"nodeId": "built-in"
}
]
],
[
"sqrt",
[
{
"kind": "built-in-function",
"definedAt": "built-in",
"name": "sqrt",
"nodeId": "built-in"
}
]
],
[
"abs",
[
{
"kind": "built-in-function",
"definedAt": "built-in",
"name": "abs",
"nodeId": "built-in"
}
]
],
[
"round",
[
{
"kind": "built-in-function",
"definedAt": "built-in",
"name": "round",
"nodeId": "built-in"
}
]
],
[
"floor",
[
{
"kind": "built-in-function",
"definedAt": "built-in",
"name": "floor",
"nodeId": "built-in"
}
]
],
[
"ceiling",
[
{
"kind": "built-in-function",
"definedAt": "built-in",
"name": "ceiling",
"nodeId": "built-in"
}
]
],
[
"signif",
[
{
"kind": "built-in-function",
"definedAt": "built-in",
"name": "signif",
"nodeId": "built-in"
}
]
],
[
"trunc",
[
{
"kind": "built-in-function",
"definedAt": "built-in",
"name": "trunc",
"nodeId": "built-in"
}
]
],
[
"log",
[
{
"kind": "built-in-function",
"definedAt": "built-in",
"name": "log",
"nodeId": "built-in"
}
]
],
[
"log10",
[
{
"kind": "built-in-function",
"definedAt": "built-in",
"name": "log10",
"nodeId": "built-in"
}
]
],
[
"log2",
[
{
"kind": "built-in-function",
"definedAt": "built-in",
"name": "log2",
"nodeId": "built-in"
}
]
],
[
"sum",
[
{
"kind": "built-in-function",
"definedAt": "built-in",
"name": "sum",
"nodeId": "built-in"
}
]
],
[
"mean",
[
{
"kind": "built-in-function",
"definedAt": "built-in",
"name": "mean",
"nodeId": "built-in"
}
]
],
[
"unique",
[
{
"kind": "built-in-function",
"definedAt": "built-in",
"name": "unique",
"nodeId": "built-in"
}
]
],
[
"paste",
[
{
"kind": "built-in-function",
"definedAt": "built-in",
"name": "paste",
"nodeId": "built-in"
}
]
],
[
"paste0",
[
{
"kind": "built-in-function",
"definedAt": "built-in",
"name": "paste0",
"nodeId": "built-in"
}
]
],
[
"read.csv",
[
{
"kind": "built-in-function",
"definedAt": "built-in",
"name": "read.csv",
"nodeId": "built-in"
}
]
],
[
"stop",
[
{
"kind": "built-in-function",
"definedAt": "built-in",
"name": "stop",
"nodeId": "built-in"
}
]
],
[
"is.null",
[
{
"kind": "built-in-function",
"definedAt": "built-in",
"name": "is.null",
"nodeId": "built-in"
}
]
],
[
"plot",
[
{
"kind": "built-in-function",
"definedAt": "built-in",
"name": "plot",
"nodeId": "built-in"
}
]
],
[
"numeric",
[
{
"kind": "built-in-function",
"definedAt": "built-in",
"name": "numeric",
"nodeId": "built-in"
}
]
],
[
"as.character",
[
{
"kind": "built-in-function",
"definedAt": "built-in",
"name": "as.character",
"nodeId": "built-in"
}
]
],
[
"as.integer",
[
{
"kind": "built-in-function",
"definedAt": "built-in",
"name": "as.integer",
"nodeId": "built-in"
}
]
],
[
"as.logical",
[
{
"kind": "built-in-function",
"definedAt": "built-in",
"name": "as.logical",
"nodeId": "built-in"
}
]
],
[
"as.numeric",
[
{
"kind": "built-in-function",
"definedAt": "built-in",
"name": "as.numeric",
"nodeId": "built-in"
}
]
],
[
"as.matrix",
[
{
"kind": "built-in-function",
"definedAt": "built-in",
"name": "as.matrix",
"nodeId": "built-in"
}
]
],
[
"apply",
[
{
"kind": "built-in-function",
"definedAt": "built-in",
"name": "apply",
"nodeId": "built-in"
}
]
],
[
"lapply",
[
{
"kind": "built-in-function",
"definedAt": "built-in",
"name": "lapply",
"nodeId": "built-in"
}
]
],
[
"sapply",
[
{
"kind": "built-in-function",
"definedAt": "built-in",
"name": "sapply",
"nodeId": "built-in"
}
]
],
[
"tapply",
[
{
"kind": "built-in-function",
"definedAt": "built-in",
"name": "tapply",
"nodeId": "built-in"
}
]
],
[
"mapply",
[
{
"kind": "built-in-function",
"definedAt": "built-in",
"name": "mapply",
"nodeId": "built-in"
}
]
],
[
"do.call",
[
{
"kind": "built-in-function",
"definedAt": "built-in",
"name": "do.call",
"nodeId": "built-in"
}
]
],
[
"rbind",
[
{
"kind": "built-in-function",
"definedAt": "built-in",
"name": "rbind",
"nodeId": "built-in"
}
]
],
[
"nrow",
[
{
"kind": "built-in-function",
"definedAt": "built-in",
"name": "nrow",
"nodeId": "built-in"
}
]
],
[
"ncol",
[
{
"kind": "built-in-function",
"definedAt": "built-in",
"name": "ncol",
"nodeId": "built-in"
}
]
],
[
"tryCatch",
[
{
"kind": "built-in-function",
"definedAt": "built-in",
"name": "tryCatch",
"nodeId": "built-in"
}
]
],
[
"expression",
[
{
"kind": "built-in-function",
"definedAt": "built-in",
"name": "expression",
"nodeId": "built-in"
}
]
],
[
"factor",
[
{
"kind": "built-in-function",
"definedAt": "built-in",
"name": "factor",
"nodeId": "built-in"
}
]
],
[
"missing",
[
{
"kind": "built-in-function",
"definedAt": "built-in",
"name": "missing",
"nodeId": "built-in"
}
]
],
[
"as.data.frame",
[
{
"kind": "built-in-function",
"definedAt": "built-in",
"name": "as.data.frame",
"nodeId": "built-in"
}
]
],
[
"data.frame",
[
{
"kind": "built-in-function",
"definedAt": "built-in",
"name": "data.frame",
"nodeId": "built-in"
}
]
],
[
"na.omit",
[
{
"kind": "built-in-function",
"definedAt": "built-in",
"name": "na.omit",
"nodeId": "built-in"
}
]
],
[
"rownames",
[
{
"kind": "built-in-function",
"definedAt": "built-in",
"name": "rownames",
"nodeId": "built-in"
}
]
],
[
"names",
[
{
"kind": "built-in-function",
"definedAt": "built-in",
"name": "names",
"nodeId": "built-in"
}
]
],
[
"order",
[
{
"kind": "built-in-function",
"definedAt": "built-in",
"name": "order",
"nodeId": "built-in"
}
]
],
[
"length",
[
{
"kind": "built-in-function",
"definedAt": "built-in",
"name": "length",
"nodeId": "built-in"
}
]
],
[
"any",
[
{
"kind": "built-in-function",
"definedAt": "built-in",
"name": "any",
"nodeId": "built-in"
}
]
],
[
"dim",
[
{
"kind": "built-in-function",
"definedAt": "built-in",
"name": "dim",
"nodeId": "built-in"
}
]
],
[
"matrix",
[
{
"kind": "built-in-function",
"definedAt": "built-in",
"name": "matrix",
"nodeId": "built-in"
}
]
],
[
"cbind",
[
{
"kind": "built-in-function",
"definedAt": "built-in",
"name": "cbind",
"nodeId": "built-in"
}
]
],
[
"nchar",
[
{
"kind": "built-in-function",
"definedAt": "built-in",
"name": "nchar",
"nodeId": "built-in"
}
]
],
[
"t",
[
{
"kind": "built-in-function",
"definedAt": "built-in",
"name": "t",
"nodeId": "built-in"
}
]
],
[
"print",
[
{
"kind": "built-in-function",
"definedAt": "built-in",
"name": "print",
"nodeId": "built-in"
}
]
],
[
"(",
[
{
"kind": "built-in-function",
"definedAt": "built-in",
"name": "(",
"nodeId": "built-in"
}
]
],
[
"cat",
[
{
"kind": "built-in-function",
"definedAt": "built-in",
"name": "cat",
"nodeId": "built-in"
}
]
],
[
"switch",
[
{
"kind": "built-in-function",
"definedAt": "built-in",
"name": "switch",
"nodeId": "built-in"
}
]
],
[
"return",
[
{
"kind": "built-in-function",
"definedAt": "built-in",
"name": "return",
"nodeId": "built-in"
}
]
],
[
"break",
[
{
"kind": "built-in-function",
"definedAt": "built-in",
"name": "break",
"nodeId": "built-in"
}
]
],
[
"next",
[
{
"kind": "built-in-function",
"definedAt": "built-in",
"name": "next",
"nodeId": "built-in"
}
]
],
[
"{",
[
{
"kind": "built-in-function",
"definedAt": "built-in",
"name": "{",
"nodeId": "built-in"
}
]
],
[
"source",
[
{
"kind": "built-in-function",
"definedAt": "built-in",
"name": "source",
"nodeId": "built-in"
}
]
],
[
"[",
[
{
"kind": "built-in-function",
"definedAt": "built-in",
"name": "[",
"nodeId": "built-in"
}
]
],
[
"[[",
[
{
"kind": "built-in-function",
"definedAt": "built-in",
"name": "[[",
"nodeId": "built-in"
}
]
],
[
"$",
[
{
"kind": "built-in-function",
"definedAt": "built-in",
"name": "$",
"nodeId": "built-in"
}
]
],
[
"@",
[
{
"kind": "built-in-function",
"definedAt": "built-in",
"name": "@",
"nodeId": "built-in"
}
]
],
[
"if",
[
{
"kind": "built-in-function",
"definedAt": "built-in",
"name": "if",
"nodeId": "built-in"
}
]
],
[
"ifelse",
[
{
"kind": "built-in-function",
"definedAt": "built-in",
"name": "ifelse",
"nodeId": "built-in"
}
]
],
[
"get",
[
{
"kind": "built-in-function",
"definedAt": "built-in",
"name": "get",
"nodeId": "built-in"
}
]
],
[
"library",
[
{
"kind": "built-in-function",
"definedAt": "built-in",
"name": "library",
"nodeId": "built-in"
}
]
],
[
"<-",
[
{
"kind": "built-in-function",
"definedAt": "built-in",
"name": "<-",
"nodeId": "built-in"
}
]
],
[
"=",
[
{
"kind": "built-in-function",
"definedAt": "built-in",
"name": "=",
"nodeId": "built-in"
}
]
],
[
":=",
[
{
"kind": "built-in-function",
"definedAt": "built-in",
"name": ":=",
"nodeId": "built-in"
}
]
],
[
"assign",
[
{
"kind": "built-in-function",
"definedAt": "built-in",
"name": "assign",
"nodeId": "built-in"
}
]
],
[
"delayedAssign",
[
{
"kind": "built-in-function",
"definedAt": "built-in",
"name": "delayedAssign",
"nodeId": "built-in"
}
]
],
[
"<<-",
[
{
"kind": "built-in-function",
"definedAt": "built-in",
"name": "<<-",
"nodeId": "built-in"
}
]
],
[
"->",
[
{
"kind": "built-in-function",
"definedAt": "built-in",
"name": "->",
"nodeId": "built-in"
}
]
],
[
"->>",
[
{
"kind": "built-in-function",
"definedAt": "built-in",
"name": "->>",
"nodeId": "built-in"
}
]
],
[
"&&",
[
{
"kind": "built-in-function",
"definedAt": "built-in",
"name": "&&",
"nodeId": "built-in"
}
]
],
[
"&",
[
{
"kind": "built-in-function",
"definedAt": "built-in",
"name": "&",
"nodeId": "built-in"
}
]
],
[
"||",
[
{
"kind": "built-in-function",
"definedAt": "built-in",
"name": "||",
"nodeId": "built-in"
}
]
],
[
"|",
[
{
"kind": "built-in-function",
"definedAt": "built-in",
"name": "|",
"nodeId": "built-in"
}
]
],
[
"|>",
[
{
"kind": "built-in-function",
"definedAt": "built-in",
"name": "|>",
"nodeId": "built-in"
}
]
],
[
"%>%",
[
{
"kind": "built-in-function",
"definedAt": "built-in",
"name": "%>%",
"nodeId": "built-in"
}
]
],
[
"function",
[
{
"kind": "built-in-function",
"definedAt": "built-in",
"name": "function",
"nodeId": "built-in"
}
]
],
[
"\\",
[
{
"kind": "built-in-function",
"definedAt": "built-in",
"name": "\\",
"nodeId": "built-in"
}
]
],
[
"quote",
[
{
"kind": "built-in-function",
"definedAt": "built-in",
"name": "quote",
"nodeId": "built-in"
}
]
],
[
"substitute",
[
{
"kind": "built-in-function",
"definedAt": "built-in",
"name": "substitute",
"nodeId": "built-in"
}
]
],
[
"bquote",
[
{
"kind": "built-in-function",
"definedAt": "built-in",
"name": "bquote",
"nodeId": "built-in"
}
]
],
[
"for",
[
{
"kind": "built-in-function",
"definedAt": "built-in",
"name": "for",
"nodeId": "built-in"
}
]
],
[
"repeat",
[
{
"kind": "built-in-function",
"definedAt": "built-in",
"name": "repeat",
"nodeId": "built-in"
}
]
],
[
"while",
[
{
"kind": "built-in-function",
"definedAt": "built-in",
"name": "while",
"nodeId": "built-in"
}
]
],
[
"[<-",
[
{
"kind": "built-in-function",
"definedAt": "built-in",
"name": "[<-",
"nodeId": "built-in"
}
]
],
[
"[[<-",
[
{
"kind": "built-in-function",
"definedAt": "built-in",
"name": "[[<-",
"nodeId": "built-in"
}
]
],
[
"$<-",
[
{
"kind": "built-in-function",
"definedAt": "built-in",
"name": "$<-",
"nodeId": "built-in"
}
]
],
[
"@<-",
[
{
"kind": "built-in-function",
"definedAt": "built-in",
"name": "@<-",
"nodeId": "built-in"
}
]
],
[
"names<-",
[
{
"kind": "built-in-function",
"definedAt": "built-in",
"name": "names<-",
"nodeId": "built-in"
}
]
],
[
"dimnames<-",
[
{
"kind": "built-in-function",
"definedAt": "built-in",
"name": "dimnames<-",
"nodeId": "built-in"
}
]
],
[
"attributes<-",
[
{
"kind": "built-in-function",
"definedAt": "built-in",
"name": "attributes<-",
"nodeId": "built-in"
}
]
],
[
"attr<-",
[
{
"kind": "built-in-function",
"definedAt": "built-in",
"name": "attr<-",
"nodeId": "built-in"
}
]
],
[
"class<-",
[
{
"kind": "built-in-function",
"definedAt": "built-in",
"name": "class<-",
"nodeId": "built-in"
}
]
],
[
"levels<-",
[
{
"kind": "built-in-function",
"definedAt": "built-in",
"name": "levels<-",
"nodeId": "built-in"
}
]
],
[
"rownames<-",
[
{
"kind": "built-in-function",
"definedAt": "built-in",
"name": "rownames<-",
"nodeId": "built-in"
}
]
],
[
"colnames<-",
[
{
"kind": "built-in-function",
"definedAt": "built-in",
"name": "colnames<-",
"nodeId": "built-in"
}
]
],
[
"[<<-",
[
{
"kind": "built-in-function",
"definedAt": "built-in",
"name": "[<<-",
"nodeId": "built-in"
}
]
],
[
"[[<<-",
[
{
"kind": "built-in-function",
"definedAt": "built-in",
"name": "[[<<-",
"nodeId": "built-in"
}
]
],
[
"$<<-",
[
{
"kind": "built-in-function",
"definedAt": "built-in",
"name": "$<<-",
"nodeId": "built-in"
}
]
],
[
"@<<-",
[
{
"kind": "built-in-function",
"definedAt": "built-in",
"name": "@<<-",
"nodeId": "built-in"
}
]
],
[
"names<<-",
[
{
"kind": "built-in-function",
"definedAt": "built-in",
"name": "names<<-",
"nodeId": "built-in"
}
]
],
[
"dimnames<<-",
[
{
"kind": "built-in-function",
"definedAt": "built-in",
"name": "dimnames<<-",
"nodeId": "built-in"
}
]
],
[
"attributes<<-",
[
{
"kind": "built-in-function",
"definedAt": "built-in",
"name": "attributes<<-",
"nodeId": "built-in"
}
]
],
[
"attr<<-",
[
{
"kind": "built-in-function",
"definedAt": "built-in",
"name": "attr<<-",
"nodeId": "built-in"
}
]
],
[
"class<<-",
[
{
"kind": "built-in-function",
"definedAt": "built-in",
"name": "class<<-",
"nodeId": "built-in"
}
]
],
[
"levels<<-",
[
{
"kind": "built-in-function",
"definedAt": "built-in",
"name": "levels<<-",
"nodeId": "built-in"
}
]
],
[
"rownames<<-",
[
{
"kind": "built-in-function",
"definedAt": "built-in",
"name": "rownames<<-",
"nodeId": "built-in"
}
]
],
[
"colnames<<-",
[
{
"kind": "built-in-function",
"definedAt": "built-in",
"name": "colnames<<-",
"nodeId": "built-in"
}
]
]
]
},
"memory": [
[
"x",
[
{
"nodeId": 0,
"name": "x",
"kind": "variable",
"definedAt": 2
}
]
]
]
},
"level": 0
},
"graph": {
"rootVertices": [
1,
0,
2,
3,
4,
5
],
"vertexInformation": [
[
1,
{
"tag": "value",
"id": 1
}
],
[
0,
{
"tag": "variable-definition",
"id": 0
}
],
[
2,
{
"tag": "function-call",
"id": 2,
"name": "<-",
"onlyBuiltin": true,
"args": [
{
"nodeId": 0
},
{
"nodeId": 1
}
]
}
],
[
3,
{
"tag": "use",
"id": 3
}
],
[
4,
{
"tag": "value",
"id": 4
}
],
[
5,
{
"tag": "function-call",
"id": 5,
"name": "+",
"onlyBuiltin": true,
"args": [
{
"nodeId": 3
},
{
"nodeId": 4
}
]
}
]
],
"edgeInformation": [
[
2,
[
[
1,
{
"types": 64
}
],
[
0,
{
"types": 72
}
]
]
],
[
0,
[
[
1,
{
"types": 2
}
],
[
2,
{
"types": 2
}
]
]
],
[
3,
[
[
0,
{
"types": 1
}
]
]
],
[
5,
[
[
3,
{
"types": 65
}
],
[
4,
{
"types": 65
}
]
]
]
]
},
"entryPoint": 2,
"exitPoints": [
{
"type": 0,
"nodeId": 5
}
]
}
}
}You receive an error if, for whatever reason, the analysis fails (e.g., the message or code you sent contained syntax errors). It contains a human-readable description why the analysis failed (see the error message implementation for more details).
Example Error Message
Note: even though we pretty-print these messages, they are sent as a single line, ending with a newline.
{
"id": "1",
"type": "error",
"fatal": true,
"reason": "The message type \"foo\" is not supported."
}While flowR does (for the time being) not use an explicit control flow graph but instead relies on control-dependency edges within the dataflow graph, the respective structure can still be exposed using the server (note that, as this feature is not needed within flowR, it is tested significantly less - so please create a new issue for any bug you may encounter).
For this, the analysis request may add cfg: true to its list of options.
Example Request
Note: even though we pretty-print these requests, they have to be sent as a single line, which ends with a newline.
{
"type": "request-file-analysis",
"id": "1",
"filetoken": "x",
"content": "x <- 1\nx + 1",
"cfg": true
}Example Response (Shortened)
Note: even though we pretty-print these messages, they are sent as a single line, ending with a newline.
The response is basically the same as the response sent without the cfg flag. The following only shows important additions. If you are interested in a visual representation of the control flow graph, see the mermaid visualization (although it is really simple).
{
"type": "response-file-analysis",
"format": "json",
"id": "1",
"cfg": {
"graph": {
"rootVertices": [
0,
1,
2,
"2-exit",
3,
4,
5,
"5-exit"
],
"vertexInformation": [
[
0,
{
"id": 0,
"name": "RSymbol",
"type": "expression"
}
],
[
1,
{
"id": 1,
"name": "RNumber",
"type": "expression"
}
],
[
2,
{
"id": 2,
"name": "RBinaryOp",
"type": "expression"
}
],
[
"2-exit",
{
"id": "2-exit",
"name": "binOp-exit",
"type": "end-marker"
}
],
[
3,
{
"id": 3,
"name": "RSymbol",
"type": "expression"
}
],
[
4,
{
"id": 4,
"name": "RNumber",
"type": "expression"
}
],
[
5,
{
"id": 5,
"name": "RBinaryOp",
"type": "expression"
}
],
[
"5-exit",
{
"id": "5-exit",
"name": "binOp-exit",
"type": "end-marker"
}
]
],
"edgeInformation": [
[
1,
[
[
0,
{
"label": "FD"
}
]
]
],
[
0,
[
[
2,
{
"label": "FD"
}
]
]
],
[
"2-exit",
[
[
1,
{
"label": "FD"
}
]
]
],
[
5,
[
[
"2-exit",
{
"label": "FD"
}
]
]
],
[
4,
[
[
3,
{
"label": "FD"
}
]
]
],
[
3,
[
[
5,
{
"label": "FD"
}
]
]
],
[
"5-exit",
[
[
4,
{
"label": "FD"
}
]
]
]
]
},
"breaks": [],
"nexts": [],
"returns": [],
"exitPoints": [
"5-exit"
],
"entryPoints": [
2
]
},
"results": {
// same as before
}
}The default response is formatted as JSON. However, by specifying format: "n-quads", you can retrieve the individual results (e.g., the normalized AST), as RDF N-Quads. This works with, and without cfg: true.
Example Request
Note: even though we pretty-print these requests, they have to be sent as a single line, which ends with a newline.
{
"type": "request-file-analysis",
"id": "1",
"filetoken": "x",
"filename": "example.R",
"content": "x <- 1\nx + 1",
"cfg": true,
"format": "n-quads"
}Example Response (Long)
Note: even though we pretty-print these messages, they are sent as a single line, ending with a newline.
Please note, that the base message format is still JSON. Only the individual results get converted. While the context is derived from the filename, we currently offer no way to customize other configurations (please open a new issue if you require this).
{
"type": "response-file-analysis",
"format": "n-quads",
"id": "1",
"cfg": "<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/0> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/rootIds> \"0\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/0> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/rootIds> \"1\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/0> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/rootIds> \"2\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/0> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/rootIds> \"2-exit\" <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/0> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/rootIds> \"3\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/0> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/rootIds> \"4\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/0> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/rootIds> \"5\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/0> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/rootIds> \"5-exit\" <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/0> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/vertices> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/1> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/1> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/next> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/2> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/1> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/id> \"0\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/1> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/name> \"RSymbol\" <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/0> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/vertices> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/2> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/2> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/next> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/3> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/2> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/id> \"1\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/2> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/name> \"RNumber\" <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/0> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/vertices> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/3> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/3> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/next> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/4> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/3> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/id> \"2\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/3> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/name> \"RBinaryOp\" <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/0> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/vertices> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/4> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/4> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/next> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/5> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/4> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/id> \"2-exit\" <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/4> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/name> \"binOp-exit\" <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/0> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/vertices> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/5> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/5> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/next> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/6> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/5> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/id> \"3\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/5> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/name> \"RSymbol\" <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/0> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/vertices> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/6> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/6> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/next> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/7> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/6> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/id> \"4\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/6> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/name> \"RNumber\" <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/0> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/vertices> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/7> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/7> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/next> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/8> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/7> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/id> \"5\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/7> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/name> \"RBinaryOp\" <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/0> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/vertices> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/8> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/8> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/id> \"5-exit\" <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/8> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/name> \"binOp-exit\" <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/0> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/edges> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/9> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/9> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/next> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/10> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/9> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/from> \"1\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/9> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/to> \"0\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/9> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/type> \"FD\" <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/0> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/edges> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/10> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/10> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/next> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/11> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/10> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/from> \"0\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/10> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/to> \"2\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/10> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/type> \"FD\" <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/0> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/edges> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/11> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/11> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/next> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/12> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/11> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/from> \"2-exit\" <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/11> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/to> \"1\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/11> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/type> \"FD\" <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/0> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/edges> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/12> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/12> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/next> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/13> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/12> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/from> \"5\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/12> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/to> \"2-exit\" <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/12> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/type> \"FD\" <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/0> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/edges> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/13> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/13> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/next> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/14> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/13> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/from> \"4\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/13> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/to> \"3\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/13> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/type> \"FD\" <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/0> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/edges> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/14> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/14> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/next> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/15> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/14> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/from> \"3\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/14> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/to> \"5\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/14> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/type> \"FD\" <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/0> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/edges> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/15> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/15> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/from> \"5-exit\" <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/15> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/to> \"4\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/15> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/type> \"FD\" <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/0> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/entryPoints> \"2\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/0> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/exitPoints> \"5-exit\" <example.R> .\n",
"results": {
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\"6\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/2> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/@> \"x <- 1\" <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/2> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/c> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/5> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/5> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/next> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/6> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/5> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/a> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/7> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/7> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/line1> \"1\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/7> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/col1> \"1\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/7> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/line2> \"1\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/7> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/col2> \"1\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/5> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/@> \"x\" <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/5> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/c> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/8> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/8> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/a> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/9> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/9> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/line1> \"1\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/9> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/col1> \"1\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/9> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/line2> \"1\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/9> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/col2> \"1\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/8> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/@> \"x\" <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/2> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/c> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/6> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/6> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/next> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/10> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/6> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/a> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/11> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/11> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/line1> \"1\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/11> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/col1> \"3\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/11> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/line2> \"1\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/11> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/col2> \"4\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/6> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/@> \"<-\" <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/2> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/c> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/10> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/10> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/a> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/12> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/12> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/line1> \"1\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/12> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/col1> \"6\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/12> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/line2> \"1\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/12> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/col2> \"6\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/10> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/@> \"1\" <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/10> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/c> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/13> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/13> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/a> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/14> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/14> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/line1> \"1\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/14> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/col1> \"6\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/14> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/line2> \"1\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/14> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/col2> \"6\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/13> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/@> \"1\" <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/1> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/c> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/3> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/3> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/a> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/15> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/15> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/line1> \"2\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/15> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/col1> \"1\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/15> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/line2> \"2\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/15> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/col2> \"5\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/3> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/@> \"x + 1\" <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/3> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/c> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/16> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/16> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/next> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/17> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/16> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/a> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/18> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/18> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/line1> \"2\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/18> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/col1> \"1\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/18> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/line2> \"2\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/18> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/col2> \"1\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/16> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/@> \"x\" <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/16> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/c> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/19> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/19> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/a> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/20> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/20> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/line1> \"2\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/20> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/col1> \"1\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/20> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/line2> \"2\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/20> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/col2> \"1\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/19> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/@> \"x\" <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/3> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/c> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/17> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/17> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/next> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/21> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/17> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/a> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/22> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/22> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/line1> \"2\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/22> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/col1> \"3\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/22> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/line2> \"2\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/22> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/col2> \"3\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/17> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/@> \"+\" <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/3> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/c> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/21> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/21> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/a> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/23> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/23> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/line1> \"2\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/23> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/col1> \"5\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/23> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/line2> \"2\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/23> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/col2> \"5\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/21> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/@> \"1\" <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/21> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/c> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/24> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/24> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/a> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/25> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/25> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/line1> \"2\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/25> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/col1> \"5\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/25> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/line2> \"2\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/25> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/col2> \"5\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/24> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/@> \"1\" <example.R> .\n",
"normalize": "<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/0> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/type> \"RExpressionList\" <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/0> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/children> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/1> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/1> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/next> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/2> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/1> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/type> \"RBinaryOp\" <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/1> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/location> \"1\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/1> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/location> \"3\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/1> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/location> \"1\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/1> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/location> \"4\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/1> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/lhs> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/3> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/3> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/type> \"RSymbol\" <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/3> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/location> \"1\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/3> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/location> \"1\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/3> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/location> \"1\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/3> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/location> \"1\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/3> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/content> \"x\" <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/3> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/lexeme> \"x\" <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/1> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/rhs> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/4> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/4> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/location> \"1\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/4> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/location> \"6\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/4> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/location> \"1\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/4> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/location> \"6\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/4> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/lexeme> \"1\" <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/4> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/type> \"RNumber\" <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/4> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/content> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/5> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/5> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/num> \"1\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/1> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/operator> \"<-\" <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/1> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/lexeme> \"<-\" <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/0> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/children> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/2> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/2> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/type> \"RBinaryOp\" <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/2> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/location> \"2\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/2> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/location> \"3\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/2> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/location> \"2\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/2> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/location> \"3\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/2> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/lhs> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/6> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/6> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/type> \"RSymbol\" <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/6> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/location> \"2\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/6> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/location> \"1\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/6> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/location> \"2\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/6> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/location> \"1\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/6> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/content> \"x\" <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/6> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/lexeme> \"x\" <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/2> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/rhs> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/7> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/7> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/location> \"2\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/7> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/location> \"5\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/7> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/location> \"2\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/7> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/location> \"5\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/7> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/lexeme> \"1\" <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/7> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/type> \"RNumber\" <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/7> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/content> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/8> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/8> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/num> \"1\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/2> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/operator> \"+\" <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/2> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/lexeme> \"+\" <example.R> .\n",
"dataflow": "<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/0> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/rootIds> \"1\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/0> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/rootIds> \"0\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/0> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/rootIds> \"2\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/0> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/rootIds> \"3\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/0> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/rootIds> \"4\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/0> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/rootIds> \"5\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/0> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/vertices> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/1> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/1> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/next> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/2> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/1> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/tag> \"value\" <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/1> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/id> \"1\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/0> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/vertices> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/2> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/2> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/next> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/3> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/2> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/tag> \"variable-definition\" <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/2> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/id> \"0\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/0> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/vertices> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/3> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/3> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/next> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/4> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/3> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/tag> \"function-call\" <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/3> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/id> \"2\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/3> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/name> \"<-\" <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/3> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/onlyBuiltin> \"true\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#boolean> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/3> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/args> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/5> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/5> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/next> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/6> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/5> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/nodeId> \"0\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/3> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/args> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/6> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/6> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/nodeId> \"1\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/0> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/vertices> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/4> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/4> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/next> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/7> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/4> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/tag> \"use\" <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/4> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/id> \"3\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/0> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/vertices> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/7> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/7> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/next> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/8> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/7> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/tag> \"value\" <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/7> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/id> \"4\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/0> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/vertices> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/8> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/8> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/tag> \"function-call\" <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/8> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/id> \"5\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/8> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/name> \"+\" <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/8> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/onlyBuiltin> \"true\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#boolean> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/8> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/args> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/9> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/9> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/next> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/10> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/9> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/nodeId> \"3\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/8> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/args> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/10> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/10> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/nodeId> \"4\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/0> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/edges> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/11> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/11> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/next> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/12> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/11> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/from> \"2\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/11> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/to> \"1\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/11> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/type> \"argument\" <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/0> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/edges> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/12> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/12> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/next> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/13> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/12> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/from> \"2\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/12> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/to> \"0\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/12> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/type> \"returns\" <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/12> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/type> \"argument\" <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/0> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/edges> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/13> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/13> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/next> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/14> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/13> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/from> \"0\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/13> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/to> \"1\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/13> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/type> \"defined-by\" <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/0> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/edges> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/14> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/14> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/next> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/15> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/14> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/from> \"0\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/14> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/to> \"2\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/14> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/type> \"defined-by\" <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/0> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/edges> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/15> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/15> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/next> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/16> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/15> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/from> \"3\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/15> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/to> \"0\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/15> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/type> \"reads\" <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/0> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/edges> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/16> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/16> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/next> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/17> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/16> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/from> \"5\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/16> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/to> \"3\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/16> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/type> \"reads\" <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/16> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/type> \"argument\" <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/0> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/edges> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/17> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/17> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/from> \"5\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/17> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/to> \"4\"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer> <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/17> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/type> \"reads\" <example.R> .\n<https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/example.R/17> <https://uni-ulm.de/r-ast/type> \"argument\" <example.R> .\n"
}
}Suppose, you want to launch the server using a docker container. Then, start the server by (forwarding the internal default port):
docker run -p1042:1042 -it --rm eagleoutice/flowr --serverNow, using a tool like netcat to connect:
nc 127.0.0.1 1042Within the started session, type the following message and press enter to see the response:
{
"type": "request-file-analysis",
"id": "0",
"filetoken": "x",
"content": "x <- 1\nx + 1"
}In python, a similar process would look like this.
Simple Example
import socket
with socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM) as s:
s.connect(('127.0.0.1', 1042))
print(s.recv(4096)) # for the hello message
s.send(b'{"type": "request-file-analysis","id":"0","filetoken":"x","content":"x <- 1\\nx + 1"}\n')
print(s.recv(65536)) # for the response (please use a more sophisticated mechanism)Sequence Diagram
sequenceDiagram
autonumber
participant Client
participant Server
Client->>+Server: request-slice
alt
Server-->>Client: response-slice
else
Server-->>Client: error
end
deactivate Server
In order to slice, you have to send a file analysis request first. The filetoken you assign is of use here as you can re-use it to repeatedly slice the same file.
Besides that, you only need to add an array of slicing criteria, using one of the formats described on the terminology wiki page (however, instead of using ;, you can simply pass separate array elements).
See the implementation of the request-slice message for more information.
Additionally, you may pass "noMagicComments": true to disable the automatic selection of elements based on magic comments (see below).
Example Request
Note: even though we pretty-print these requests, they have to be sent as a single line, which ends with a newline.
This request is the logical succession of the file analysis example above which uses the filetoken: "x".
{
"type": "request-slice",
"id": "2",
"filetoken": "x",
"criterion": ["2@x", "2:1"]
}Of course, the second slice criterion 2:1 is redundant for the input, as they refer to the same variable. It is only for demonstration purposes:
x <- 1
x + 1Example Response
Note: even though we pretty-print these responses, they are sent as a single line, ending with a newline.
The results field of the response contains two keys of importance:
-
slice: which contains the result of the slicing (i.e., the ids included in the slice, how the slicer mapped the criteria to the internal ids, and the number of times the slicer hit the threshold as described in the original master's thesis). -
reconstruct: contains the reconstructed code, as well as the number of elements automatically selected due to an additional predicate (e.g., the library statements as we are currently not tracking imports).
{
"type": "response-slice",
"id": "2",
"results": {
"slice": {
"timesHitThreshold": 0,
"result": [
3,
0,
1,
2
],
"decodedCriteria": [
{
"criterion": "2@x",
"id": 3
},
{
"criterion": "2:1",
"id": 3
}
]
},
"reconstruct": {
"code": "x <- 1\nx",
"linesWithAutoSelected": 0
}
}
}The semantics of the error message are similar. If, for example, the slicing criterion is invalid or the filetoken is unknown, flowR will respond with an error.
Within a document that is to be sliced, you can use magic comments to influence the slicing process:
-
# flowr@include_next_linewill cause the next line to be included, independent of if it is important for the slice. -
# flowr@include_this_linewill cause the current line to be included, independent of if it is important for the slice. -
# flowr@include_startand# flowr@include_endwill cause the lines between them to be included, independent of if they are important for the slice. These magic comments can be nested but should appear on a separate line.
Warning
To execute arbitrary R commands with a request, the server has to be started explicitly with --r-session-access.
Please be aware, that this introduces a security risk.
Sequence Diagram
sequenceDiagram
autonumber
participant Client
participant Server
Client->>+Server: request-repl-execution
alt
Server-->>Client: error
else
loop
Server-->>Client: response-repl-execution
end
Server-->>Client: end-repl-execution
end
deactivate Server
The REPL execution message allows to send a REPL command to receive its output. For more on the REPL, see the introduction, or the description below.
You only have to pass the command you want to execute in the expression field. Furthermore, you can set the ansi field to true if you are interested in output formatted using ANSI escape codes.
We strongly recommend you to make use of the id field to link answers with requests as you can theoretically request the execution of multiple scripts at the same time, which then happens in parallel.
Warning
There is currently no automatic sandboxing or safeguarding against such requests. They simply execute the respective R code on your machine. Please be very careful (and do not use --r-session-access).
The answer on such a request is different from the other messages as the request-repl-execution message may be sent multiple times. This allows to better handle requests that require more time but already output intermediate results.
You can detect the end of the execution by receiving the end-repl-execution message.
See the implementation of the request-repl-execution message for more information. The semantics of the error message are similar to that of the other messages.
Example Request
Note: even though we pretty-print these requests, they have to be sent as a single line, which ends with a newline.
For this request to work, you have to start the server with the --r-session-access flag.
{
"type": "request-repl-execution",
"id": "0",
"expression": "1 + 1"
}Example Response
Note: even though we pretty-print these responses, they are sent as a single line, ending with a newline.
Prompting with 1+1 only produces one response-repl-execution message:
{
"type": "response-repl-execution",
"id": "0",
"result": "[1] 2\n",
"stream": "stdout"
}The stream field (either stdout or stderr) informs you of the output's origin: either the standard output or the standard error channel. After that message, follows the end marker:
{
"type": "end-repl-execution",
"id": "0"
}Note
To execute arbitrary R commands with a repl request, flowR has to be started explicitly with --r-session-access.
Please be aware, that this introduces a security risk.
Although primarily meant for users to explore, there is nothing which forbids simply calling flowR as a subprocess to use standard-in, -output, and -error for communication (although you can access the REPL using the server as well, with the REPL Request message).
The read-eval-print loop (REPL) works relatively simple.
You can submit an expression (using enter),
which is interpreted as an R expression by default but interpreted as a command if it starts with a colon (:).
The best command to get started with the REPL is :help.
Besides, you can leave the REPL either with the command :quit or by pressing CTRL+C twice.
To retrieve an URL to the mermaid diagram of the dataflow of a given expression, use :dataflow*:
$ flowr
R> :dataflow* y <- 1 + x
[...]See here for the target of the URL returned (here displayed from left to right):
flowchart LR
0["`y (0, *local*)
*1.1-1.1*`"]
2(["`x (2)
*1.10-1.10*`"])
0 -->|"defined-by (always)"| 2
The graph returned for you may differ, depending on the evolution of flowR.
For the slicing, you have access to the same magic comments as with the server.
Many commands that allow for an R-expression (like :dataflow*) allow for a file as well, if the argument starts with file://. If you are located in the root directory of the flowR repository, the following should give you the parsed AST of the example file:
R> :parse file://test/testfiles/example.RflowR can be used as module and offers several main classes and interfaces that are interesting for extension (see the core wiki page for more information).
The RShell class allows to interface with the R ecosystem installed on the host system.
For now there are no (real) alternatives, although we plan on providing more flexible drop-in replacements.
Important
Each RShell controls a new instance of the R interpreter, make sure to call RShell::close() when you are done.
You can start a new "session" simply by constructing a new object with new RShell().
However, there are several options which may be of interest (e.g., to automatically revive the shell in case of errors or to control the name location of the R process on the system). See the in-code documentation for more information.
With a shell object (let's call it shell), you can execute R code by using RShell::sendCommand, for example shell.sendCommand("1 + 1"). However, this does not return anything, so if you want to collect the output of your command, use RShell::sendCommandWithOutput instead.
Besides that, the command RShell::tryToInjectHomeLibPath may be of interest, as it enables all libraries available on the host system.
Once, in the beginning, flowR was meant to produce a dataflow graph merely to provide program slices. However, with continuous extensions the dataflow graph repeatedly proofs to be the interesting part. With this, we restructured flowR's hardcoded pipeline to be far more flexible. Now, it can be theoretically extended or replaced with arbitrary steps, optional steps, and, what we call 'decorations' of these steps. In short, if you still "just want to slice", you can do it like this:
const slicer = new PipelineExecutor(DEFAULT_SLICING_PIPELINE, {
shell: new RShell(),
request: requestFromInput('x <- 1\nx + 1'),
criterion: ['2@x']
})
const slice = await slicer.allRemainingSteps()
// console.log(slice.reconstruct.code)If you compare this, with what you would have done with the old (and removed) SteppingSlicer, this essentially just requires you to replace the SteppingSlicer with the PipelineExecutor and to pass the DEFAULT_SLICING_PIPELINE as the first argument.
The PipelineExecutor...
- allows to investigate the results of all intermediate steps
- can be executed step-by-step
- can repeat steps (e.g., to calculate multiple slices on the same input)
See the in-code documentation for more information.
In this example we construct a new feature to extract, with the name "example". Whenever this name appears, you may substitute this with whatever name fits your feature best (as long as the name is unique).
-
Create a new file in
src/statistics/features/supported
Create the fileexample.ts, and add its export to theindex.tsfile in the same directory (if not done automatically). -
Create the basic structure
To get a better feel of what a feature must have, let's look at the basic structure (of course, due to TypeScript syntax, there are other ways to achieve the same goal):const initialExampleInfo = { /* whatever start value is good for you */ someCounter: 0 } export type ExampleInfo = Writable<typeof initialExampleInfo> export const example: Feature<ExampleInfo> = { name: 'Example Feature', description: 'A longer example description', process(existing: ExampleInfo, input: FeatureProcessorInput): ExampleInfo { /* perform analysis on the input */ return existing }, initialValue: initialExampleInfo }
The
initialExampleInfotype holds the initial values for each counter that you want to maintain during the feature extraction (they will usually be initialized with 0). The resultingExampleInfotype holds the structure of the data that is to be counted. Due to the vast amount of data processed, information like the name and location of a function call is not stored here, but instead written to disk (see below).Every new feature must be of the
Feature<Info>type, withInforeferring to aFeatureInfo(likeExampleInfoin this example). Next to anameand adescription, each Feature must provide:- a processor that extracts the information from the input, adding it to the existing information.
- a function returning the initial value of the information (in this case,
initialExampleInfo).
-
Add it to the feature-mapping
Now, in thefeature.tsfile insrc/statistics/features, add your feature to theALL_FEATURESobject.
Now, we want to extract something. For the example feature created in the previous steps, we choose to count the amount of COMMENT tokens.
So we define a corresponding XPath query:
const commentQuery: Query = xpath.parse('//COMMENT')Within our feature's process function, running the query is as simple as:
const comments = commentQuery.select({ node: input.parsedRAst })Now we could do a lot of further processing, but for simplicity, we only record every comment found this way:
appendStatisticsFile(example.name, 'comments', comments, input.filepath)We use example.name to avoid duplication with the name that we have assigned to the feature. It corresponds to the name of the folder in the statistics output.
'comments' refers to a freely chosen (but unique) name, that will be used as the name for the output file within the folder. The comments variable holds the result of the query, which is an array of nodes. Finally, we pass the filepath of the file that was analyzed (if known), so that it can be added to the statistics file (as additional information).
<1>: For more information, see the code documentation at: https://flowr-analysis.github.io/flowr/doc/.