feat(middleware): issues warnings when using node.js global APIs in middleware

packages/next/build/webpack/plugins/middleware-plugin.ts

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import { getSortedRoutes } from '../../../shared/lib/router/utils'
 import { webpack, sources, webpack5 } from 'next/dist/compiled/webpack/webpack'
 import {
   EDGE_RUNTIME_WEBPACK,
+  EDGE_UNSUPPORTED_NODE_APIS,
   MIDDLEWARE_BUILD_MANIFEST,
   MIDDLEWARE_FLIGHT_MANIFEST,
   MIDDLEWARE_MANIFEST,
@@ -113,7 +114,7 @@ function getCodeAnalizer(params: {
      * but actually execute the expression.
      */
     const handleWrapExpression = (expr: any) => {
-      if (parser.state.module?.layer !== 'middleware') {
+      if (!isInMiddlewareLayer(parser)) {
         return
       }
 
@@ -141,7 +142,7 @@ function getCodeAnalizer(params: {
      * module path that is using it.
      */
     const handleExpression = () => {
-      if (parser.state.module?.layer !== 'middleware') {
+      if (!isInMiddlewareLayer(parser)) {
         return
       }
 
@@ -175,7 +176,7 @@ function getCodeAnalizer(params: {
         }
 
         buildInfo.nextUsedEnvVars.add(members[1])
-        if (parser.state.module?.layer !== 'middleware') {
+        if (!isInMiddlewareLayer(parser)) {
           return true
         }
       }
@@ -187,7 +188,7 @@ function getCodeAnalizer(params: {
     const handleNewResponseExpression = (node: any) => {
       const firstParameter = node?.arguments?.[0]
       if (
-        isUserMiddlewareUserFile(parser.state.current) &&
+        isInMiddlewareFile(parser) &&
         firstParameter &&
         !isNullLiteral(firstParameter) &&
         !isUndefinedIdentifier(firstParameter)
@@ -210,8 +211,7 @@ function getCodeAnalizer(params: {
      * A noop handler to skip analyzing some cases.
      * Order matters: for it to work, it must be registered first
      */
-    const skip = () =>
-      parser.state.module?.layer === 'middleware' ? true : undefined
+    const skip = () => (isInMiddlewareLayer(parser) ? true : undefined)
 
     for (const prefix of ['', 'global.']) {
       hooks.expression.for(`${prefix}Function.prototype`).tap(NAME, skip)
@@ -226,6 +226,7 @@ function getCodeAnalizer(params: {
     hooks.new.for('NextResponse').tap(NAME, handleNewResponseExpression)
     hooks.callMemberChain.for('process').tap(NAME, handleCallMemberChain)
     hooks.expressionMemberChain.for('process').tap(NAME, handleCallMemberChain)
+    registerUnsupportedApiHooks(parser, compilation)
   }
 }
 
@@ -454,9 +455,78 @@ function getEntryFiles(entryFiles: string[], meta: EntryMetadata) {
   return files
 }
 
-function isUserMiddlewareUserFile(module: any) {
+function registerUnsupportedApiHooks(
+  parser: webpack5.javascript.JavascriptParser,
+  compilation: webpack5.Compilation
+) {
+  const { WebpackError } = compilation.compiler.webpack
+  for (const expression of EDGE_UNSUPPORTED_NODE_APIS) {
+    const warnForUnsupportedApi = (node: any) => {
+      if (!isInMiddlewareLayer(parser)) {
+        return
+      }
+      compilation.warnings.push(
+        makeUnsupportedApiError(WebpackError, parser, expression, node.loc)
+      )
+      return true
+    }
+    parser.hooks.call.for(expression).tap(NAME, warnForUnsupportedApi)
+    parser.hooks.expression.for(expression).tap(NAME, warnForUnsupportedApi)
+    parser.hooks.callMemberChain
+      .for(expression)
+      .tap(NAME, warnForUnsupportedApi)
+    parser.hooks.expressionMemberChain
+      .for(expression)
+      .tap(NAME, warnForUnsupportedApi)
+  }
+
+  const warnForUnsupportedProcessApi = (node: any, [callee]: string[]) => {
+    if (!isInMiddlewareLayer(parser) || callee === 'env') {
+      return
+    }
+    compilation.warnings.push(
+      makeUnsupportedApiError(
+        WebpackError,
+        parser,
+        `process.${callee}`,
+        node.loc
+      )
+    )
+    return true
+  }
+
+  parser.hooks.callMemberChain
+    .for('process')
+    .tap(NAME, warnForUnsupportedProcessApi)
+  parser.hooks.expressionMemberChain
+    .for('process')
+    .tap(NAME, warnForUnsupportedProcessApi)
+}
+
+function makeUnsupportedApiError(
+  WebpackError: typeof webpack5.WebpackError,
+  parser: webpack5.javascript.JavascriptParser,
+  name: string,
+  loc: any
+) {
+  const error = new WebpackError(
+    `You're using a Node.js API (${name} at line: ${loc.start.line}) which is not supported in the Edge Runtime that Middleware uses. 
+Learn more: https://nextjs.org/docs/api-reference/edge-runtime`
+  )
+  error.name = NAME
+  error.module = parser.state.current
+  error.loc = loc
+  return error
+}
+
+function isInMiddlewareLayer(parser: webpack5.javascript.JavascriptParser) {
+  return parser.state.module?.layer === 'middleware'
+}
+
+function isInMiddlewareFile(parser: webpack5.javascript.JavascriptParser) {
   return (
-    module.layer === 'middleware' && /middleware\.\w+$/.test(module.rawRequest)
+    parser.state.current?.layer === 'middleware' &&
+    /middleware\.\w+$/.test(parser.state.current?.rawRequest)
   )
 }
 

packages/next/server/web/sandbox/context.ts

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ import {
 } from 'next/dist/compiled/abort-controller'
 import vm from 'vm'
 import type { WasmBinding } from '../../../build/webpack/loaders/get-module-build-info'
+import { EDGE_UNSUPPORTED_NODE_APIS } from '../../../shared/lib/constants'
 
 const WEBPACK_HASH_REGEX =
   /__webpack_require__\.h = function\(\) \{ return "[0-9a-f]+"; \}/g
@@ -47,19 +48,21 @@ const caches = new Map<
   }
 >()
 
+interface ModuleContextOptions {
+  module: string
+  onWarning: (warn: Error) => void
+  useCache: boolean
+  env: string[]
+  wasm: WasmBinding[]
+}
+
 /**
  * For a given module name this function will create a context for the
  * runtime. It returns a function where we can provide a module path and
  * run in within the context. It may or may not use a cache depending on
  * the parameters.
  */
-export async function getModuleContext(options: {
-  module: string
-  onWarning: (warn: Error) => void
-  useCache: boolean
-  env: string[]
-  wasm: WasmBinding[]
-}) {
+export async function getModuleContext(options: ModuleContextOptions) {
   let moduleCache = options.useCache
     ? caches.get(options.module)
     : await createModuleContext(options)
@@ -97,12 +100,7 @@ export async function getModuleContext(options: {
  * 2. Dependencies that require runtime globals such as Blob.
  * 3. Dependencies that are scoped for the provided parameters.
  */
-async function createModuleContext(options: {
-  onWarning: (warn: Error) => void
-  module: string
-  env: string[]
-  wasm: WasmBinding[]
-}) {
+async function createModuleContext(options: ModuleContextOptions) {
   const requireCache = new Map([
     [require.resolve('next/dist/compiled/cookie'), { exports: cookie }],
   ])
@@ -181,11 +179,10 @@ async function createModuleContext(options: {
  * Create a base context with all required globals for the runtime that
  * won't depend on any externally provided dependency.
  */
-function createContext(options: {
-  /** Environment variables to be provided to the context */
-  env: string[]
-}) {
-  const context: { [key: string]: unknown } = {
+function createContext(
+  options: Pick<ModuleContextOptions, 'env' | 'onWarning'>
+) {
+  const context: Context = {
     _ENTRIES: {},
     atob: polyfills.atob,
     Blob,
@@ -207,19 +204,20 @@ function createContext(options: {
     CryptoKey: polyfills.CryptoKey,
     Crypto: polyfills.Crypto,
     crypto: new polyfills.Crypto(),
+    DataView,
     File,
     FormData,
-    process: {
-      env: buildEnvironmentVariablesFrom(options.env),
-    },
+    process: createProcessPolyfill(options),
     ReadableStream,
     setInterval,
     setTimeout,
+    queueMicrotask,
     TextDecoder,
     TextEncoder,
     TransformStream,
     URL,
     URLSearchParams,
+    WebAssembly,
 
     // Indexed collections
     Array,
@@ -244,6 +242,18 @@ function createContext(options: {
     // Structured data
     ArrayBuffer,
     SharedArrayBuffer,
+
+    // These APIs are supported by the Edge runtime, but not by the version of Node.js we're using
+    // Since we'll soon replace this sandbox with the edge-runtime itself, it's not worth polyfilling.
+    // ReadableStreamBYOBReader,
+    // ReadableStreamDefaultReader,
+    // structuredClone,
+    // SubtleCrypto,
+    // WritableStream,
+    // WritableStreamDefaultWriter,
+  }
+  for (const name of EDGE_UNSUPPORTED_NODE_APIS) {
+    addStub(context, name, options)
   }
 
   // Self references
@@ -286,3 +296,57 @@ async function loadWasm(
 
   return modules
 }
+
+function createProcessPolyfill(
+  options: Pick<ModuleContextOptions, 'env' | 'onWarning'>
+) {
+  const env = buildEnvironmentVariablesFrom(options.env)
+
+  const processPolyfill = { env }
+  const overridenValue: Record<string, any> = {}
+  for (const key of Object.keys(process)) {
+    if (key === 'env') continue
+    Object.defineProperty(processPolyfill, key, {
+      get() {
+        emitWarning(`process.${key}`, options)
+        return overridenValue[key]
+      },
+      set(value) {
+        overridenValue[key] = value
+      },
+      enumerable: false,
+    })
+  }
+  return processPolyfill
+}
+
+const warnedAlready = new Set<string>()
+
+function addStub(
+  context: Context,
+  name: string,
+  contextOptions: Pick<ModuleContextOptions, 'onWarning'>
+) {
+  Object.defineProperty(context, name, {
+    get() {
+      emitWarning(name, contextOptions)
+      return undefined
+    },
+    enumerable: false,
+  })
+}
+
+function emitWarning(
+  name: string,
+  contextOptions: Pick<ModuleContextOptions, 'onWarning'>
+) {
+  if (!warnedAlready.has(name)) {
+    const warning =
+      new Error(`You're using a Node.js API (${name}) which is not supported in the Edge Runtime that Middleware uses.
+Learn more: https://nextjs.org/docs/api-reference/edge-runtime`)
+    warning.name = 'NodejsRuntimeApiInMiddlewareWarning'
+    contextOptions.onWarning(warning)
+    console.warn(warning.message)
+    warnedAlready.add(name)
+  }
+}

packages/next/shared/lib/constants.ts

@@ -68,3 +68,31 @@ export const OPTIMIZED_FONT_PROVIDERS = [
 ]
 export const STATIC_STATUS_PAGES = ['/500']
 export const TRACE_OUTPUT_VERSION = 1
+
+// comparing
+// https://nextjs.org/docs/api-reference/edge-runtime
+// with
+// https://nodejs.org/docs/latest/api/globals.html
+export const EDGE_UNSUPPORTED_NODE_APIS = [
+  'clearImmediate',
+  'setImmediate',
+  'BroadcastChannel',
+  'Buffer',
+  'ByteLengthQueuingStrategy',
+  'CompressionStream',
+  'CountQueuingStrategy',
+  'DecompressionStream',
+  'DomException',
+  'Event',
+  'EventTarget',
+  'MessageChannel',
+  'MessageEvent',
+  'MessagePort',
+  'ReadableByteStreamController',
+  'ReadableStreamBYOBRequest',
+  'ReadableStreamDefaultController',
+  'TextDecoderStream',
+  'TextEncoderStream',
+  'TransformStreamDefaultController',
+  'WritableStreamDefaultController',
+]

test/integration/middleware-overrides-node.js-api/middleware.js

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+export default function middleware() {
+  process.cwd = () => 'fixed-value'
+  console.log(process.cwd(), process.env)
+  return new Response()
+}

test/integration/middleware-overrides-node.js-api/pages/index.js

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+export default function Home() {
+  return <div>A page</div>
+}