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Improvements use data reference & grammars
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dngray committed Jun 2, 2024
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title: Windows Overview
icon: simple/windows
---
**Microsoft Windows** is a common OS shipped with many PCs by default. With the below guides we aim to provide some ways to improve privacy and reduce the default telemetry and data stored that is present by disabling some not-so necessary features. Microsoft over time, adds features to the OS which can sometimes rely on cloud-based services. These features will often require various usage activity and sometimes this activity is sent to remote servers for processing.
**Microsoft Windows** is a common OS shipped with many PCs by default. The following guides aim to provide some ways to improve privacy and reduce the default telemetry and data stored by disabling some not-so necessary features. Microsoft over time, adds features to the OS which can sometimes rely on cloud-based services. These features will often require certain types such as the [optional data](https://privacy.microsoft.com/data-collection-windows) that is sometimes sent to remote servers for processing.

One of the newest examples is called **Recall**, a part of the Copilot AI feature set. Recall periodically screenshots anything you've seen on your PC in order to show it to you at a later date. A lot of these "helpful" features create considerable metadata which can be forensically analyzed. In most cases browsing history is going to be sufficient and this feature can be safely disabled.

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## Privacy History

Microsoft Windows, particularly those aimed at consumers like the **Home** version often don't prioritize privacy friendly features by [default](https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/jul/31/windows-10-microsoft-faces-criticism-over-privacy-default-settings). As a result we often see more [data collection](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criticism_of_Microsoft#Telemetry_and_data_collection) than necessary, without any real warnings that this is the default behavior. In an attempt to compete with Google in the advertising space, [Cortana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cortana_(virtual_assistant)) has included unique identifiers such as an "advertising ID" in order to correlate usage and assist advertisers in targeted advertising. At launch, telemetry could not be disabled in non-enterprise editions of Windows 10. It still cannot be disabled, but Microsoft added the ability to [reduce](https://www.extremetech.com/computing/243079-upcoming-windows-update-reduces-spying-microsoft-still-mum-data-collects) the data that is sent to them.
Microsoft Windows, particularly those versions aimed at consumers like the **Home** version often don't prioritize privacy friendly features by [default](https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/jul/31/windows-10-microsoft-faces-criticism-over-privacy-default-settings). As a result we often see more [data collection](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criticism_of_Microsoft#Telemetry_and_data_collection) than necessary, without any real warnings that this is the default behavior. In an attempt to compete with Google in the advertising space, [Cortana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cortana_(virtual_assistant)) has included unique identifiers such as an "advertising ID" in order to correlate usage and assist advertisers in targeted advertising. At launch, telemetry could not be disabled in non-enterprise editions of Windows 10. It still cannot be disabled, but Microsoft added the ability to [reduce](https://www.extremetech.com/computing/243079-upcoming-windows-update-reduces-spying-microsoft-still-mum-data-collects) the data that is sent to them.

With Windows 11 there are a number of restrictions or defaults such as:

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The best version available for *retail* purchase is Windows **Pro** as it has nearly all of the features you'll want to use to secure your device, including Bitlocker, Hyper-V, etc. The only thing missing is some of the most restrictive limitations on Microsoft's telemetry unfortunately.

Students and teachers may be able to obtain an Windows **Education** (equivalent to Enterprise) or **Pro Education** edition (equivalent to Pro) for free (including on personal devices) from their educational institution. Many schools partner with Microsoft via OnTheHub or Microsoft Azure for Education, so you can check those sites or your school's benefits page to see if you qualify. Whether or not you are able to get these licenses depends entirely on your institution. This may be the best way for many people to obtain an Enterprise-level edition of Windows for personal use. There are no additional privacy or security risks associated with using an Education license compared to the retail versions.
Students and teachers may be able to obtain a Windows **Education** (equivalent to Enterprise) or **Pro Education** edition (equivalent to Pro) for free (including on personal devices) from their educational institution. Many schools partner with Microsoft via OnTheHub or Microsoft Azure for Education, so you can check those sites or your school's benefits page to see if you qualify. Whether or not you are able to get these licenses depends entirely on your institution. This may be the best way for many people to obtain an Enterprise-level edition of Windows for personal use. There are no additional privacy or security risks associated with using an Education license compared to the retail versions.

It is not recommended to use third party modified versions of Windows such as Windows AME. Since modified versions of Windows like Windows AME don't receive updates, security features and antivirus definitions in Windows Defender will fall behind the current threat landscape, opening you up to attacks, thus making you even less secure.

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This tool only lets you install a **Home** or **Pro** installation, as there are no publicly available downloads for Windows **Enterprise** edition. If you have an **Enterprise** license key, you can easily upgrade a **Pro** installation. To do this, install Windows **Pro** without entering a license key during setup, then enter your **Enterprise** key in the Settings app after completing the install. Your **Pro** install will be upgraded to **Enterprise** automatically after entering a valid license key.

If you are installing an Windows **Education**, typically a private download will be provided alongside your license key when you obtain it from your institution's benefits portal.
If you are installing a Windows **Education**, typically a private download will be provided alongside your license key when you obtain it from your institution's benefits portal.

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