[Breaking] Enforce meter name, version schema_url to be static string slices

[utpilla]

Context

• MeterProvider trait is not object safe because the methods of MeterProvider trait have generic parameters
• Since it's not object safe, we cannot use it as it is to switch from a no-op provider to an SDK provider
• We have a public struct GlobalMeterProvider and a trait ObjectSafeMeterProvider to work around this
• Meter name, version and schema_url should be static string slices. Doing so would also make MeterProvider object safe.

Changes

• Make MeterProvider trait object safe by updating its method signatures to accept &'static str types instead of the generic impl Into<Cow<'static, str>>
• Remove the public struct GlobalMeterProvider and ObjectSafeMeterProvider trait as they are no longer necessary

Merge requirement checklist

• CONTRIBUTING guidelines followed
• Unit tests added/updated (if applicable)
• Appropriate CHANGELOG.md files updated for non-trivial, user-facing changes
• Changes in public API reviewed (if applicable)

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 56.25000% with 7 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.

Project coverage is 78.3%. Comparing base (d0a4fd0) to head (a85340c).
Report is 1 commits behind head on main.

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
opentelemetry/src/global/metrics.rs	50.0%	4 Missing ⚠️
opentelemetry/src/metrics/noop.rs	0.0%	3 Missing ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@           Coverage Diff           @@
##            main   #2112     +/-   ##
=======================================
- Coverage   78.3%   78.3%   -0.1%     
=======================================
  Files        121     121             
  Lines      20815   20767     -48     
=======================================
- Hits       16309   16269     -40     
+ Misses      4506    4498      -8     

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[TommyCpp]

If the concern here is object safety. I wonder if we can ask the implementation of MeterProvider to be Sized. Something like this https://rust-lang.github.io/api-guidelines/flexibility.html#traits-are-object-safe-if-they-may-be-useful-as-a-trait-object-c-object

[TommyCpp]

One less public API to maintain

I don't think it's a huge overhead. We basically only repeating the MeterProvider trait implementation here, which has been pretty stable. In generally I want to use generic parameters as much as possible. I think in this case the maintance overhead is not worth the regression on readbitliy or ergonomics

[utpilla]

If the concern here is object safety. I wonder if we can ask the implementation of MeterProvider to be Sized. Something like this https://rust-lang.github.io/api-guidelines/flexibility.html#traits-are-object-safe-if-they-may-be-useful-as-a-trait-object-c-object

@TommyCpp The concern here is the extra bit of code (GlobalMeterProvider + ObjectSafeMeterProvider) which exists ONLY to get around MeterProvider not being object safe. I think we should get rid of this code as it seems unnecessary.

The Self:Sized approach won't help as it would exclude the methods from the trait object which means we wouldn't be able to call meter() or versioned_meter() on the MeterProvider trait object.

[utpilla]

One less public API to maintain

I don't think it's a huge overhead. We basically only repeating the MeterProvider trait implementation here, which has been pretty stable. In generally I want to use generic parameters as much as possible. I think in this case the maintance overhead is not worth the regression on readbitliy or ergonomics

Apart from reducing the maintenance overhead, removing the public API also allows us to change things in the global metrics setup more freely if required in future. We won't be tying the setup process to any type other than MeterProvider.

There is no regression on readability/ergonomics, if the user is using global::meter() to create the meter. I believe our documentation also showcases this as the approach to create Meter. The breaking change will affect users only if they create meters using SdkMeterProvider.meter(). If we feel that there would be a lot of users who might be calling meter() on SdkMeterProvider instead of global we could consider not making this change.

[TommyCpp]

removing the public API also allows us to change things in the global metrics setup more freely if required in future

Generally I'd agree. But in this case GlobalMeterProvider is just implementing the MeterProvider, which is public anyways. Thus I see little risk GlobalMeterProvider will prevent us from making any breaking changes. Do you have any example that GlobalMeterProvider would be a problem in terms of blocking changes?

[TommyCpp]

There is no regression on readability/ergonomics, if the user is using global::meter() to create the meter

True. I am thinking about the regression on readability/ergonomics for users that don't use global module. I feel even if they are probably not the majority, the reward we get from this PR doesn't warrant making their life harder. But it's pretty subjective

[cijothomas]

This is good cleanup, but lets do it by making 'static str for MeterNames, as discussed here : #2112 (comment)

[cijothomas]

@stormshield-fabs FYI. #1527 is still to be added for Metrics, which will remove versioned_meter in favor of builder pattern.

[cijothomas]

LGTM.
Please follow up with a breaking change entry to changelog for this (and previous 2 PRs that changed public api)

[lalitb]

LGTM. Based on the following assumptions:

• Meter names are generally recommended to be static strings defined at compile time.
• There will be no need to make object unsafe addition to MeterProvider trait in future.

[cijothomas]

@TommyCpp merging now to unblock progress on api. We can follow up if there are additional feedback to be addressed.