Better support for Error.cause in util.inspect/console.log

[targos]

Is your feature request related to a problem? Please describe.

Given this code:

const one = new Error('one');
const two = new Error('two', { cause: one });
const three = new Error('three', { cause: two });
console.log(three);

Error: three
    at Object.<anonymous> (/test.js:3:15)
    at Module._compile (node:internal/modules/cjs/loader:1095:14)
    at Object.Module._extensions..js (node:internal/modules/cjs/loader:1147:10)
    ...

The output only contains the error message and stack for error three.
It is already possible to see the value of cause, when showHidden is enabled, but in my opinion this is not a good general solution because it makes the output too verbose and requires to set a global config for console.log.

Describe the solution you'd like

I'm open to suggestions. One idea I have is to output something recursively indented like this:

Error: three
    at Object.<anonymous> (/test.js:3:15)
    at Module._compile (node:internal/modules/cjs/loader:1095:14)
    at Object.Module._extensions..js (node:internal/modules/cjs/loader:1147:10)
    ...
Caused by:
  Error: two
      at Object.<anonymous> (/test.js:2:13)
      at Module._compile (node:internal/modules/cjs/loader:1095:14)
      at Object.Module._extensions..js (node:internal/modules/cjs/loader:1147:10)
      ...
  Caused by:
    Error: one
        at Object.<anonymous> (/test.js:1:13)
        at Module._compile (node:internal/modules/cjs/loader:1095:14)
        at Object.Module._extensions..js (node:internal/modules/cjs/loader:1147:10)
        ...

/cc @nodejs/util

[BridgeAR]

I implemented something locally. It always prints the non-enumerable cause property and hides duplicated stack frames as long as they are included in the causing error stack as well. @targos does this match your needs?

[targos]

Looks good to me!

[kanongil]

There is already a bit of discussion on this here: #38725 (comment)