Implement catalog cache in postgres scanner

[acquamarin]

This PR improves the duckdb scan binding performance by caching table info of each duckdb table.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 57.69231% with 22 lines in your changes are missing coverage. Please review.

Project coverage is 93.01%. Comparing base (a0ee10e) to head (cc93226).
Report is 5 commits behind head on master.

Files	Patch %	Lines
src/include/binder/ddl/bound_create_table_info.h	59.09%	9 Missing ⚠️
src/main/database_manager.cpp	0.00%	5 Missing ⚠️
src/binder/bind/bind_reading_clause.cpp	0.00%	4 Missing ⚠️
src/include/storage/storage_extension.h	0.00%	2 Missing ⚠️
...nclude/catalog/catalog_entry/table_catalog_entry.h	50.00%	1 Missing ⚠️
src/processor/operator/attach_database.cpp	0.00%	1 Missing ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##           master    #3071      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   93.04%   93.01%   -0.04%     
==========================================
  Files        1155     1155              
  Lines       43266    43286      +20     
==========================================
+ Hits        40256    40261       +5     
- Misses       3010     3025      +15     

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