tidy: add clang-tidy

[Riolku]

clang-tidy is a static analyzer, and can find many different issues. So far I have integrated a few simple checks, and disabled the remaining ones. They will be enabled in future PRs.

Closes #2152. Ref #2148.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Attention: 1 lines in your changes are missing coverage. Please review.

Comparison is base (abca5e6) 89.92% compared to head (159f612) 90.04%.

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##           master    #2156      +/-   ##
==========================================
+ Coverage   89.92%   90.04%   +0.11%     
==========================================
  Files         989      989              
  Lines       35637    35449     -188     
==========================================
- Hits        32048    31919     -129     
+ Misses       3589     3530      -59     

Files	Coverage Δ
src/common/arrow/arrow_converter.cpp	97.24% <ø> (+27.24%)	⬆️
src/common/types/date_t.cpp	89.62% <ø> (ø)
src/common/types/dtime_t.cpp	74.68% <ø> (ø)
src/common/types/types.cpp	92.25% <100.00%> (-0.02%)	⬇️
src/function/base_lower_upper_operation.cpp	100.00% <100.00%> (ø)
src/include/common/types/cast_helpers.h	87.14% <ø> (ø)
...include/function/arithmetic/arithmetic_functions.h	93.22% <100.00%> (+0.11%)	⬆️
src/include/function/boolean/boolean_functions.h	85.71% <100.00%> (-3.18%)	⬇️
src/include/processor/operator/scan_node_id.h	100.00% <ø> (ø)
src/main/plan_printer.cpp	92.22% <100.00%> (+0.04%)	⬆️
... and 14 more

... and 2 files with indirect coverage changes

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[ray6080]

Is there a summarized list of checks we plan to integrate later?

[Riolku]

Is there a summarized list of checks we plan to integrate later?

Not really, I plan to integrate everything except stuff I think is dumb or for which the check is poor quality.

For instance, I disabled bugprone-exception-escape because of the poor quality of the errors. I disabled bugprone namespace forward declarations because I dont see how this could be an issue, and we had some warnings from it and Arrow.

I disabled the widening multiplication becausr there are a lot of errors, and we need to fix that in its own PR.

[Riolku]

Remaining todo: add tests for the bugs I fixed.
Also, we should make clangd have its own directory to avoid conflicts with release.

[Riolku]

Note: we can't easily test returning node and getting the arrow schema of the result because we don't have good enough data type support for getArrowSchema and the nodes in tinysnb all have incompatible data types.