ꯇꯝꯁꯦ C

Introduction to C Programming.

C is a procedural, compiled, platform-dependent language. It needs a compiler and GNU C Compiler is a popular one.

What we will do?

1. Install GCC.
2. Write C program.
3. Compile and run it.

1. Install GCC

Install GNU C Compiler (GCC) depending on your Operating System.

1.1. On Windows (MinGW)

1. Download Minimilastic GNU for Windows. After download,

   • Click on the downloaded mingw-get-setup.exe file.
   • Click on Install.
   • Keep default installation directory and click on Continue.

2. After installation,

   • On Basic Setup, click on checkbox for The GNU C++ Compiler (mingw32-gcc-g++-bin).
   • Now click on Installation > Apply Changes

3. Add to environment variable.

   • Environment variables > System Variables > Path
   • Add C:\MinGW\bin.
   • Click OK > OK.

4. You can check in command prompt (cmd) by typing gcc --version for which you will get the output like:

   gcc --version
   
   gcc (MinGW.org GCC-6.3.0-1) 6.3.0
   Copyright (C) 2016 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
   This is free software; see the source for copying conditions.  There is NO
   warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.

1.2. On Ubuntu

Install GCC through either depending on your OS:

sudo apt-get install build-essential

or

sudo apt-get install gcc

1.3. On Mac

Install GCC through homebrew.

brew install gcc

2. Write C program

• The theory/lessons are included in lesson. Each lesson is stored in a numbered sub-directory.

  • To view it online, click on the lesson directory on github.
  • To view it offline, use any markdown reader to read the markdown files.
  • Or, open it in vs-code > install Markdown Preview > open lesson directory > click on README.md > Press Ctrl+K & V to open markdown to the side.

• The programs are included in lab in this repository. Each of the C program is stored in a numbered sub-directory. When you open lab, the program list will be printed.

  • Change directory to specific directory, say 0001,

    cd lab/0001

  • To run the program, refer Section 3.

  • To switch betwen directories, say 0001 to 1001,

    cd ../1001

3. Compile and run it

Say filename: hello.c

3.1. Method 1

• To compile it on Windows/Ubuntu/Mac,

  gcc hello.c

• This will create an executable a.exe on Windows. To run it,

  ./a

• This will create an executable a.out on Ubuntu/Mac. To run it,

  ./a.out

3.2. Method 2 (Executable)

• To compile it on Windows:

  gcc -o hello.exe hello.c

• To compile it on Ubuntu/Mac:

  gcc -o hello hello.c

• After compilation, an executable file will be created (hello.exe on windows/ hello on Ubuntu/Mac). To run it,

  ./hello

3.3. Method 3 (Coderunner)

• On Visual Studio Code, go to Extensions and search for coderunner and then install it.
• Click play button on C file and it will be run automatically.
• If you need input from user, it will be compiled but not executed. (Refer to the other methods)