The unikn package provides useful color functionality — by defining dedicated colors and color palettes, and functions for finding, changing, viewing, and using them — and styled text elements (e.g., for marking, underlining, or plotting colored titles) in R. The package’s pre-defined range of colors and text decoration functions is based on the corporate design of the University of Konstanz (see link for details), but can easily be adapted and extended to other purposes or institutions.
Many institutions devise and impose corporate designs (CDs) for creating and maintaining a consistent impression in presentations and publications. Even when writing an article or thesis, it usually makes sense to define some graphical elements (e.g., a color scheme) and use them consistently throughout a project.
The unikn package facilitates the use of corporate design elements for R users. It currently contains dedicated colors and color palettes of the University of Konstanz, plus many additional color palettes from other institutions. In addition, unikn provides a range of color functions that make it easy to define, modify, find, and use colors in R. While this renders the use of default specifications simple and straightforward, experienced users can apply the tools in a flexible and creative fashion (e.g., for designing new color palettes and using them in scientific visualizations).
The unikn package currently provides five types of objects and functions:
-
Pre-defined colors and color palettes (e.g.,
Seeblau
andpal_unikn
); -
Functions for viewing and comparing colors (
seecol()
), for using or changing color palettes (usecol()
), and for demonstrating color palettes (demopal()
); -
Functions for creating new color palettes (
newpal()
), for finding similar colors (simcol()
), and for searching color names (grepal()
); -
Functions for plotting graphical objects (e.g., boxes and frames);
-
Functions for plotting styled text elements (e.g., highlighting and underlining text).
Essentially, the unikn package began by defining some colors, but has now grown into a toolbox for addressing color- and plotting-related tasks in R. As we had fun creating it, we hope that you enjoy using it as well!
The latest release of unikn is available from CRAN at https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=unikn:
install.packages('unikn') # install from CRAN client
library('unikn') # load the package
The current development version can be installed from its GitHub repository at https://github.com/hneth/unikn/:
# install.packages('devtools') # install pkg
devtools::install_github('hneth/unikn')
The colors of unikn belong to two categories of color palettes:
-
16 palettes implementing the colors of the University of Konstanz’s corporate design
-
over 230 color palettes of more than 100 additional institutions are now provided by the unicol package
Originally, the unikn package primarily provided the 16 color palettes of the University of Konstanz:
seecol("all_unikn")
In 2014, the University of Konstanz
introduced a highly recognizable CD. Its key component is the ubiquitous
use of a Seeblau
color and a corresponding color palette that blends
various shades of Seeblau
(in boxes, lines, and other graphical
elements) with text (in black-and-white).
The default unikn color palette pal_unikn
combines shades of
pal_seeblau
and pal_grau
with the base R colors “white” and “black”
into a diverging, symmetrical palette (of 11 colors):
seecol(pal_unikn)
A shorter version (with 10 colors) and an alternative (with more muted
colors for PowerPoint presentations) are provided as pal_unikn_web
and pal_unikn_ppt
, respectively. (Inspect seecol("unikn_basic")
or
see the corporate
design
specifications for details.)
Several more specialized color palettes combine the elements of nine
color hues. The preferred colors are contained in
palette pal_unikn_pref
:
seecol(pal_unikn_pref)
Each distinct hue is exported as a named color (e.g., Pinky
) and a
corresponding gradient color palette (e.g., pal_pinky
). (Inspect
seecol("grad_all")
or the Excel file Colours for complex
graphics
for details.)
unikn exports these color palettes as data frames that can be accessed by number, value, or name:
# Accessing colors from palettes:
pal_unikn # color palette of 11 colors
pal_unikn[3] # preferred (named) color 3
pal_unikn[[3]] # color value 3: #59C7EB"
pal_unikn["seeblau3"] # color by name
![unicol::](/hneth/unikn/raw/master/inst/pix/logo_unicol.png)
In addition to the 16 specific color palettes of the University of Konstanz, former versions of unikn (up to version 0.8.0) provided color palettes of many other institutions.
As the number of color palettes has been growing beyond the scope of this package, the color palettes from other institutions are now being collected in a separate R package unicol.
Installing unicol currently provides access to a diverse range of over 230 color palettes from more than 100 institutions.
We are expanding the range of color palettes from other institutions in a dedicated R package unicol.
Collecting color palettes
- Are you using the unikn color functions to create your own color palettes?
If so, please let us know (e.g., by posting on this GitHub
issue)!
We collect color palettes from other institutions to make them available
to R users in future versions of
unicol.
To enable us to verify and provide credit to your contributions, please send us the following information:
- your code (e.g., the
newpal()
command creating your color palette), - your reference or source information (e.g., some URL with color definitions),
- your name and some contact information (e.g., an Email address).
We’re looking forward to your inputs and contributions (at this GitHub issue)!
Beyond defining colors and color palettes, the unikn package provides a range of tools for viewing and manipulating colors:
-
Two main functions —
seecol()
andusecol()
— provide a simple interface for viewing and using color palettes. -
Additional color functions (i.e.,
simcol()
,grepal()
,newpal()
,shades_of()
, orac()
) provide auxiliary functionality (for finding similar colors and color names, creating new color palettes and color gradients, or adjusting transparency).
The seecol()
function enables either inspections of an individual
color palette or comparisons between multiple color palettes.
Using seecol()
on an individual color palette provides a quick
overview over its colors and details:
# Inspect an individual color palette:
seecol(pal = pal_pinky, # a color palette / list of palettes / keyword
col_brd = "white", lwd_brd = 5, # color and width of borders
main = "Pinky colors of the University of Konstanz") # plot title
When seecol()
is used with a recognized keyword or a list of color
palettes, the function displays a comparison between them. When only
some colors of a color palette are requested, the seecol()
and
usecol()
functions provide reasonable subsets of a unikn palette:
# Compare a list of (scaled) color palettes:
seecol(pal = "grad_all", n = 3,
col_brd = "black", lwd_brd = .5,
main = "Color gradient palettes (scaled to n = 3)")
Colors and color palettes in R come in various types (e.g., as named
colors, RGB values or Hex codes) and forms (e.g., as data frames or
vectors). The usecol()
function provides a generic wrapper for
changing (e.g., mixing and re-scaling) and using color palettes. This
allows using colors in base R and most other R packages. For
instance, we can easily use colors in combination with
- the
barplot()
function of the grDevices package:
# Mix some colors into a new palette:
my_pal <- usecol(c(Seeblau, "white", Pinky), n = 9)
# Use color palette:
barplot(1/sqrt(1:9), col = my_pal)
- the
image()
function of the graphics package (for geometric transformations of a vectorr
):
# Data:
x <- y <- seq(-4 * pi, 4 * pi, len = 15)
r <- sqrt(outer(x^2, y^2, "+"))
# Mix a palette with a named color:
my_col <- usecol(c(Seegruen, "white"), n = 7)
# Image:
image(z = cos(r^2) * exp(-r/10),
col = my_col, axes = FALSE)
- the
ggplot()
function of the ggplot2 package (for a data framedf
):
# Data (based on https://www.r-graph-gallery.com/137-spring-shapes-data-art/):
n <- 50
groups <- 1:n
df <- data.frame()
set.seed(3)
for (i in seq(1:30)){
data = data.frame(matrix(0, n, 3))
data[, 1] <- i
data[, 2] <- sample(groups, nrow(data))
data[, 3] <- prop.table(sample(c(rep(0, 100), c(1:n)), nrow(data)))
df = rbind(df, data)
}
names(df) <- c("x","group","y") # name variables
df$group <- as.factor(df$group) # group as factor
df <- df[c(2, 1, 3)] # order of variables
df <- df[order(df$x, df$group) , ] # order of rows
# Mix a color gradient:
my_col <- usecol(c(Bordeaux, "white", Petrol), n = 50)
# Plot (with ggplot2):
library(ggplot2)
ggplot(df, aes(x = x, y = y, fill = group)) +
geom_area() +
scale_fill_manual(values = my_col) +
theme_void() +
theme(legend.position = "none")
The demopal()
function provides a quick illustration of a pre-defined
or modified color palette:
demopal(usecol(pal_unikn_light, n = 7), # use a modified color palette
type = "curve", seed = 2) # reproducible randomness
The newpal()
function allows creating new color palettes (as data
frames or vectors, with optional color names). Whereas unikn was
developed in an academic context, color palettes for other entities and
purposes can easily be created. For instance, let’s define a color
palette of the well-known Google logo in
3 steps:
-
Choose some colors (from named R colors, or by RGB/HEX/HCL values, e.g., from sites like https://www.schemecolor.com).
-
Define the colors (and optional color names) as R vectors (of type character).
-
Use the
newpal()
command to define a new color palette.
We can now use the new palette in visualizations (e.g., inspect it with
the seecol()
function, use it in visualizations, or modify it further
with the usecol()
function):
# 1. Choose colors:
# Google logo colors (from <https://www.schemecolor.com/google-logo-colors.php>)
# 2. Define colors and color names (as vectors):
color_google <- c("#4285f4", "#34a853", "#fbbc05", "#ea4335")
names_google <- c("blueberry", "sea green", "selective yellow", "cinnabar")
# 3. Define color palette:
pal_google <- newpal(color_google, names_google)
# Inspect color palette:
seecol(pal_google,
col_brd = "white", lwd_brd = 8,
main = "Colors of Google")
See the vignette on Institutional colors for additional examples of creating color palettes.
When creating visualizations, we often face two search situations:
- Finding colors that look similar to a given color
- Finding colors that match particular names
The simcol()
and grepal()
functions of unikn address both
situations.
- Which R colors are similar to the color
Pinky
(orpinky4
of thepal_pinky
palette)?
simcol(col_target = Pinky, tol = 30)
#> Pinky hotpink3 indianred2 palevioletred
#> "#E0607E" "hotpink3" "indianred2" "palevioletred"
#> palevioletred3
#> "palevioletred3"
By default, simcol()
considers all unique named colors()
of R, but
its search range can be adjusted by its col_candiates
, tol
, and
distinct
arguments.
The grepal()
function allows finding colors by matching their name to
a pattern.
Specifically, grepal(pattern, x)
searches a color palette x
(i.e., a
vector of color names or data frame of named colors) for elements that
match a pattern
and returns those elements (colors) that match the
pattern. The pattern
can be a regular expression.
By default, grepal()
searches the 657 named colors provided by
colors()
in base R. To make the grepal()
more flexible, its
pattern
argument can use regular expressions:
# Find colors matching a pattern:
deep_purple <- grepal(pattern = "deep|purple", plot = FALSE)
# See color palette:
seecol(deep_purple,
col_brd = "white", lwd_brd = 2,
main = "Finding 'deep' or 'purple' colors")
Providing a list of color palettes to the pal
argument of seecol()
allows comparing multiple color palettes:
# Find colors matching some term(s):
olives <- grepal("olive", plot = FALSE)
oranges <- grepal("orange", plot = FALSE)
# See color palettes:
seecol(pal = list(olives, oranges),
pal_names = c("olives", "oranges"),
main = "Comparing olives with oranges")
See the vignette on Colors and color functions and Color recipes for additional examples.
Beyond colors and color functions, unikn provides functions for
plotting graphical elements (like boxes) and styled text elements (with
lines or background decorations). By default, the text-decoration
functions assume that you want to add styled text to an existing plot,
unless the new_plot
argument specifies a type of plot to be generated.
As the use of these functions is explained in detail in the vignette on
Text boxes and
decorations,
we only provide some examples here.
The mark()
function allows emphasizing text by plotting it with
colored background (to provide the functionality of “Markieren”):
mark(labels = c("Markieren", "ist ein Bestandteil", "von Studieren."),
x = 0, y = .8, y_layout = .03, cex = 1.5, new_plot = "slide")
The uline()
function allows emphasizing text by plotting it with
colored underlining (to provide the functionality of “Unterstreichen”):
uline(labels = c("Linear", "Authentic", "Flexible", "Open", "Practical"),
x = .05, y = .9, y_layout = "even", cex = 1.1, font = 2, new_plot = "slide")
The post()
function allows adding text to a rectangular xbox
(to
provide the functionality of “Merken”):
xbox(col = usecol(pal_seeblau[[5]]), dim = c(2, 2))
post(labels = c("Für eine", "Kultur der", "Kreativität"), x = .1, y = .8, cex = 1.4, font = 2)
The color and font parameters can be adjusted to obtain different looks:
post(labels = c("creative.", "together"), new_plot = "xbox",
y_layout = .02, cex = 2, font = c(1, 3),
col_bg = pal_seegruen[[1]], col = c(Petrol, Pinky))
The heading()
function is a convenient wrapper around mark
:
heading(labels = c("pa-", "ra-", "die-", "sisch"))
Finally, the url_unikn()
function allows formatting URLs the uni.kn
way:
my_url <- url_unikn("https://www.uni-konstanz.de/") # input URL as copied from web browser
post(labels = my_url, x = .2, y = .1, font = 4, new_plot = "xbox")
All unikn color palettes and user-generated color palette (e.g.,
defined by newpal()
or usecol()
) can be used for graphical
annotations. For example:
- Using the color palette
pal_google
(defined above):
See the vignette on Text boxes and decorations for instructions and additional examples.
Please note the following caveats:
-
Plotting text (i.e., graphically rendering characters) is rarely a good idea. It typically doesn’t scale (when changing the size of images) and cannot be recognized automatically (e.g., copied, indexed, or scraped). Hence, the corresponding unikn functions should only be used in contexts in which no better solutions are available or practical (e.g., when specifically creating images, or adding annotations to graphs).
-
Our templates — just like all others — are subject to constraints and limitations. As a standard installation of R lacks the “Theinhardt” fonts, we can only mimic the official design specifications (in Arial, sans serif). Nevertheless, the unikn package helps preventing common mistakes by novices (e.g., boxes or lines extending beyond text, or step-functions in multi-line titles) and can be customized and improved by expert users.
Overall, the unikn functions can be useful for solving color-related tasks and plotting graphical elements (e.g., boxes, logos, etc.). Ideally, it should help you in creating a stylish and recognizable design for your presentations and visualizations.
The unikn and unicol packages are still under development. We are currently working on:
- Adding institutional color palettes to the unicol package
- Additional templates and themes (for plots and text decoration)
Please comment on GitHub or contact us if you need additional features or want to help creating them.
The following versions of unikn and corresponding resources are currently available:
Type: | Version: | URL: |
---|---|---|
A. unikn (R package): | Release version | https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=unikn |
Development version | https://github.com/hneth/unikn/ | |
B. Online documentation: | Release version | https://hneth.github.io/unikn/ |
Development version | https://hneth.github.io/unikn/dev/ |
Please note and report any unikn-related issues at https://github.com/hneth/unikn/issues. We are looking forward to your feedback, comments, or questions.
![uni.kn](/hneth/unikn/raw/master/inst/pix/logo_unikn.png)
The University of Konstanz’s Corporate Design (CD) was created by Strichpunkt GmbH and the University of Konstanz in 2014. The unikn package authors are members of the research group Social Psychology and Decision Sciences (SPDS) at the University of Konstanz. We facilitate access to CD elements for fellow users of R (e.g., for creating scientific visualizations), but all copyrights on the design remain with the original copyright holders.
We aim for an authentic representation of a highly-specified corporate design. While rigid specifications help to maintain coherence and consistency, they also tend to cause frustration in expert users. As the design has been developed in a flexible way that allows for individual elements to be modified as needed, we allow for some liberties, mostly by relaxing some restrictions. Examples include:
- enabling finer color gradients and arbitrary combinations of color
palettes (by applying the
seecol()
andusecol()
functions to color palettes); - providing a designated
Signal
color (frompal_signal
); - using the spelling “color” (rather than “colour”) throughout the unikn package.
unikn (created by Hansjörg Neth and Nico Gradwohl) is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. (Based on a work at https://github.com/hneth/unikn).
![unikn::](/hneth/unikn/raw/master/inst/pix/unikn.png)
To support our efforts, please cite the unikn package in derivations or publications:
- Neth, H., & Gradwohl, N., (2024). unikn: Graphical elements of the
University of Konstanz’s corporate design. Social Psychology and
Decision Sciences, University of Konstanz, Germany. Computer software
(R package version 1.0.0, April 16, 2024).
Retrieved from https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=unikn.
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7096191
A BibTeX entry for LaTeX users is:
@Manual{,
title = {unikn: Graphical elements of the University of Konstanz's corporate design},
author = {Hansjörg Neth and Nico Gradwohl},
year = {2024},
organization = {Social Psychology and Decision Sciences, University of Konstanz},
address = {Konstanz, Germany},
note = {R package (version 1.0.0, April 16, 2024)},
url = {https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=unikn},
doi = {10.5281/zenodo.7096191},
}
The copyrights to all uni.kn designs remain with their original creators:
- The University of Konstanz’s corporate design (Version 1.6, September 2015)
- Colours for complex graphics
- Strichpunkt GmbH, – strichpunkt-design.de
[File README.md
updated on 2024-05-03.]