Add in-core caching layer to let us avoid reading the same
configuration files number of times.

* ta/config-set:
  test-config: add tests for the config_set API
  add `config_set` API for caching config-like files

"git log --pretty/format=" with an empty format string did not mean
the more obvious "No output whatsoever" but "Use default format",
which was counterintuitive.

* jk/pretty-empty-format:
  pretty: make empty userformats truly empty
  pretty: treat "--format=" as an empty userformat
  revision: drop useless string offset when parsing "--pretty"

Optimize remotes configuration look-up in a repository with very
many remotes defined.

* pr/remotes-in-hashmap:
  use a hashmap to make remotes faster

Implementations of "tar" that do not understand an extended pax
header would extract the contents of it in a regular file; make
sure the permission bits of this file follows the same tar.umask
configuration setting.

* bc/archive-pax-header-mode:
  archive: honor tar.umask even for pax headers

* ta/pretty-parse-config:
  pretty.c: make git_pretty_formats_config return -1 on git_config_string failure

Needed in the "commit -p" code path to update the cache tree in the
index (e.g. for dt/cache-tree-repair topic).

* jc/reopen-lock-file:
  lockfile: allow reopening a closed but still locked file

Add a few more places in "commit" and "checkout" that make sure
that the cache-tree is fully populated in the index.

* dt/cache-tree-repair:
  cache-tree: Write updated cache-tree after commit
  cache-tree: subdirectory tests
  test-dump-cache-tree: invalid trees are not errors
  cache-tree: create/update cache-tree on checkout

# Conflicts:
# 	builtin/checkout.c
# 	builtin/commit.c

Start "git config --edit --global" from a skeletal per-user
configuration file contents, instead of a total blank, when the
user does not already have any.  This immediately reduces the need
for a later "Have you forgotten setting core.user?" and we can add
more to the template as we gain more experience.

* mm/config-edit-global:
  commit: advertise config --global --edit on guessed identity
  home_config_paths(): let the caller ignore xdg path
  config --global --edit: create a template file if needed

* rs/init-no-duplicate-real-path:
  init: avoid superfluous real_path() calls

Reduce the use of fixed sized buffer passed to getcwd() calls
by introducing xgetcwd() helper.

* rs/strbuf-getcwd:
  use strbuf_add_absolute_path() to add absolute paths
  abspath: convert absolute_path() to strbuf
  use xgetcwd() to set $GIT_DIR
  use xgetcwd() to get the current directory or die
  wrapper: add xgetcwd()
  abspath: convert real_path_internal() to strbuf
  abspath: use strbuf_getcwd() to remember original working directory
  setup: convert setup_git_directory_gently_1 et al. to strbuf
  unix-sockets: use strbuf_getcwd()
  strbuf: add strbuf_getcwd()

* master:
  po/TEAMS: add new members to German translation team
  l10n: de.po: translate 38 new messages

* bc/imap-send-doc:
  imap-send doc: omit confusing "to use imap-send" modifier

"git -c section.var command" and "git -c section.var= command"
should pass the configuration differently (the former should be
a boolean true, the latter should be an empty string).

* jk/command-line-config-empty-string:
  config: teach "git -c" to recognize an empty string

Applying a patch not generated by Git in a subdirectory used to
check the whitespace breakage using the attributes for incorrect
paths. Also whitespace checks were performed even for paths
excluded via "git apply --exclude=<path>" mechanism.

* jc/apply-ws-prefix:
  apply: omit ws check for excluded paths
  apply: hoist use_patch() helper for path exclusion up
  apply: use the right attribute for paths in non-Git patches

* lf/bundle-exclusion:
  bundle: fix exclusion of annotated tags

* mm/log-branch-desc-plug-leak:
  builtin/log.c: fix minor memory leak

Teach "git stash list -p" to show the difference between the base
commit version and the working tree version, which is in line with
what "git show" gives.

* jk/stash-list-p:
  stash: default listing to working-tree diff

* la/init-doc:
  Documentation: git-init: flesh out example
  Documentation: git-init: template directory: reword and cross-reference
  Documentation: git-init: reword parenthetical statements
  Documentation: git-init: --separate-git-dir: clarify
  Documentation: git-init: template directory: reword
  Documentation: git-init: list items facelift
  Documentation: git-init: typographical fixes

* tf/imap-send-create:
  imap-send: create target mailbox if it is missing
  imap-send: clarify CRAM-MD5 vs LOGIN documentation

"git add x" where x that used to be a directory has become a
symbolic link to a directory misbehaved.

* rs/refresh-beyond-symlink:
  read-cache: check for leading symlinks when refreshing index

* sb/plug-leaks:
  clone.c: don't leak memory in cmd_clone
  remote.c: don't leak the base branch name in format_tracking_info

* nd/strbuf-utf8-replace:
  utf8.c: fix strbuf_utf8_replace() consuming data beyond input string

* sb/blame-msg-i18n:
  builtin/blame.c: add translation to warning about failed revision walk

* sb/prepare-revision-walk-error-check:
  prepare_revision_walk(): check for return value in all places

May need description on what makes various modes of operation to
decide that the request can become a "no-op".

* so/rebase-doc:
  Documentation/git-rebase.txt: -f forces a rebase that would otherwise be a no-op

We have been using NOT_{MINGW,CYGWIN} test prerequisites long
before Peff invented support for negated prerequisites e.g. !MINGW
and we still add more uses of the former.  Convert them to the
latter to avoid confusion.

* jc/not-mingw-cygwin:
  test prerequisites: enumerate with commas
  test prerequisites: eradicate NOT_FOO

Build automation for older versions of MacOS X.

* km/no-apple-common-crypto-on-darwin-8-and-below:
  config.mak.uname: set NO_APPLE_COMMON_CRYPTO on older systems

* jc/config-mak-document-darwin-vs-macosx:
  config.mak.uname: add hint on uname_R for MacOS X

* rs/clean-menu-item-defn:
  clean: use f(void) instead of f() to declare a pointer to a function without arguments

* rs/inline-compat-path-macros:
  turn path macros into inline function

* ta/config-add-to-empty-or-true-fix:
  make config --add behave correctly for empty and NULL values

The prompt script checked $GIT_DIR/ref/stash file to see if there
is a stash, which was a no-no.

* jk/prompt-stash-could-be-packed:
  git-prompt: do not look for refs/stash in $GIT_DIR

* sb/mailsplit-dead-code-removal:
  mailsplit.c: remove dead code

Documentation update.

* tb/pretty-format-cd-date-format:
  pretty: note that %cd respects the --date= option

* sp/pack-protocol-doc-on-shallow:
  Document LF appearing in shallow command during send-pack/receive-pack

* master:
  Start the post-2.1 cycle

Switching to another branch (or the same branch for that matter)
while having a new path added caused an alarming error message where
there is no problem.

* dt/cache-tree-repair:
  cache-tree: do not try to use an invalidated subtree info to build a tree

The second batch of the transactional ref update series.

* rs/ref-transaction-1: (22 commits)
  update-ref --stdin: pass transaction around explicitly
  update-ref --stdin: narrow scope of err strbuf
  refs.c: make delete_ref use a transaction
  refs.c: make prune_ref use a transaction to delete the ref
  refs.c: remove lock_ref_sha1
  refs.c: remove the update_ref_write function
  refs.c: remove the update_ref_lock function
  refs.c: make lock_ref_sha1 static
  walker.c: use ref transaction for ref updates
  fast-import.c: use a ref transaction when dumping tags
  receive-pack.c: use a reference transaction for updating the refs
  refs.c: change update_ref to use a transaction
  branch.c: use ref transaction for all ref updates
  fast-import.c: change update_branch to use ref transactions
  sequencer.c: use ref transactions for all ref updates
  commit.c: use ref transactions for updates
  replace.c: use the ref transaction functions for updates
  tag.c: use ref transactions when doing updates
  refs.c: add transaction.status and track OPEN/CLOSED
  refs.c: make ref_transaction_begin take an err argument
  ...

…nto next

* mm/discourage-commit-a-to-finish-conflict-resolution:
  merge, pull: stop advising 'commit -a' in case of conflict

Use the new caching config-set API in git_config() calls.

* ta/config-set-1:
  add tests for `git_config_get_string_const()`
  add a test for semantic errors in config files
  rewrite git_config() to use the config-set API
  config: add `git_die_config()` to the config-set API
  change `git_config()` return value to void
  add line number and file name info to `config_set`
  config.c: fix accuracy of line number in errors
  config.c: mark error and warnings strings for translation

Update git_config() users with callback functions for a very narrow
scope with calls to config-set API that lets us query a single
variable.

* ta/config-set-2:
  builtin/apply.c: replace `git_config()` with `git_config_get_string_const()`
  merge-recursive.c: replace `git_config()` with `git_config_get_int()`
  ll-merge.c: refactor `read_merge_config()` to use `git_config_string()`
  fast-import.c: replace `git_config()` with `git_config_get_*()` family
  branch.c: replace `git_config()` with `git_config_get_string()
  alias.c: replace `git_config()` with `git_config_get_string()`
  imap-send.c: replace `git_config()` with `git_config_get_*()` family
  pager.c: replace `git_config()` with `git_config_get_value()`
  builtin/gc.c: replace `git_config()` with `git_config_get_*()` family
  rerere.c: replace `git_config()` with `git_config_get_*()` family
  fetchpack.c: replace `git_config()` with `git_config_get_*()` family
  archive.c: replace `git_config()` with `git_config_get_bool()` family
  read-cache.c: replace `git_config()` with `git_config_get_*()` family
  http-backend.c: replace `git_config()` with `git_config_get_bool()` family
  daemon.c: replace `git_config()` with `git_config_get_bool()` family

Code cleanup.

* rs/child-process-init:
  run-command: inline prepare_run_command_v_opt()
  run-command: call run_command_v_opt_cd_env() instead of duplicating it
  run-command: introduce child_process_init()
  run-command: introduce CHILD_PROCESS_INIT

Code cleanup.

* br/http-init-fix:
  http: style fixes for curl_multi_init error check
  http.c: die if curl_*_init fails

We used to pass -1000 to poll(2), expecting it to also mean "no
timeout", which should be spelled as -1.

* et/spell-poll-infinite-with-minus-one-only:
  upload-pack: keep poll(2)'s timeout to -1

Admit that keeping LIB_H up-to-date, only for those that do not use
the automatically generated dependencies, is a losing battle, and
make it conservative by making everything depend on anything.

* jk/make-simplify-dependencies:
  Makefile: drop CHECK_HEADER_DEPENDENCIES code
  Makefile: use `find` to determine static header dependencies
  i18n: treat "make pot" as an explicitly-invoked target

* jk/contrib-subtree-make-all:
  subtree: make "all" default target of Makefile

Code cleaning.

* nd/mv-code-cleaning:
  mv: no SP between function name and the first opening parenthese
  mv: combine two if(s)
  mv: unindent one level for directory move code
  mv: move index search code out
  mv: remove an "if" that's always true
  mv: split submodule move preparation code out
  mv: flatten error handling code block
  mv: mark strings for translations

"git checkout -m" did not switch to another branch while carrying
the local changes forward when a path was deleted from the index.

* jn/unpack-trees-checkout-m-carry-deletion:
  checkout -m: attempt merge when deletion of path was staged
  unpack-trees: use 'cuddled' style for if-else cascade
  unpack-trees: simplify 'all other failures' case

Teach a few codepaths to punt (instead of dying) when large blobs
that would not fit in core are involved in the operation.

* nd/large-blobs:
  diff: shortcut for diff'ing two binary SHA-1 objects
  diff --stat: mark any file larger than core.bigfilethreshold binary
  diff.c: allow to pass more flags to diff_populate_filespec
  sha1_file.c: do not die failing to malloc in unpack_compressed_entry
  wrapper.c: introduce gentle xmallocz that does not die()

Fix a couple of "accumulate into a sorted list" to "accumulate and
then sort the list".

* rs/list-optim:
  walker: avoid quadratic list insertion in mark_complete
  sha1_name: avoid quadratic list insertion in handle_one_ref

After "pack-refs --prune" packed refs at the top-level, it failed
to prune them.

* jk/prune-top-level-refs-after-packing:
  pack-refs: prune top-level refs like "refs/foo"

Progress output from "git gc --auto" was visible in "git fetch -q".

* nd/fetch-pass-quiet-to-gc-child-process:
  fetch: silence git-gc if --quiet is given
  fetch: convert argv_gc_auto to struct argv_array

With sufficiently long refnames, fast-import could have overflown
an on-stack buffer.

* jk/fast-import-fixes:
  fast-import: fix buffer overflow in dump_tags
  fast-import: clean up pack_data pointer in end_packfile

The API to allocate the structure to keep track of commit
decoration was cumbersome to use, inviting lazy code to
overallocate memory.

* jk/name-decoration-alloc:
  log-tree: use FLEX_ARRAY in name_decoration
  log-tree: make name_decoration hash static
  log-tree: make add_name_decoration a public function

Code cleaning.

* br/imap-send-simplify-tunnel-child-process:
  imap-send: simplify v_issue_imap_cmd() and get_cmd_result() using starts_with()
  imap-send.c: imap_folder -> imap_server_conf.folder
  git-imap-send: simplify tunnel construction

* master:
  Update draft release notes to 2.2

* master:
  Update draft release notes to 2.2

The number of refs that can be pushed at once over smart HTTP was
limited by the command line length.  The limitation has been lifted
by passing these refs from the standard input of send-pack.

* jk/send-pack-many-refspecs:
  send-pack: take refspecs over stdin

Sometimes users want to report a bug they experience on their
repository, but they are not at liberty to share the contents of
the repository.  "fast-export" was taught an "--anonymize" option
to replace blob contents, names of people and paths and log
messages with bland and simple strings to help them.

* jk/fast-export-anonymize:
  docs/fast-export: explain --anonymize more completely
  teach fast-export an --anonymize option

* mb/build-contrib-svn-fe:
  contrib/svn-fe: fix Makefile

"log --date=iso" uses a slight variant of ISO 8601 format that is
made more human readable.  A new "--date=iso-strict" option gives
datetime output that is more strictly conformant.

* bb/date-iso-strict:
  pretty: provide a strict ISO 8601 date format

Code clean-up.

* jk/commit-author-parsing:
  determine_author_info(): copy getenv output
  determine_author_info(): reuse parsing functions
  date: use strbufs in date-formatting functions
  record_author_date(): use find_commit_header()
  record_author_date(): fix memory leak on malformed commit
  commit: provide a function to find a header in a buffer

When receiving an invalid pack stream that records the same object
twice, multiple threads got confused due to a race.  We should
reject or correct such a stream upon receiving, but that will be a
larger change.

* jk/index-pack-threading-races:
  index-pack: fix race condition with duplicate bases

A broken reimplementation of Git could write an invalid index that
records both stage #0 and higher stage entries for the same path.
Notice and reject such an index, as there is no sensible fallback
(we do not know if the broken tool wanted to resolve and forgot to
remove higher stage entries, or if it wanted to unresolve and
forgot to remove the stage#0 entry).

* jp/index-with-corrupt-stages:
  read_index_unmerged(): remove unnecessary loop index adjustment
  read_index_from(): catch out of order entries when reading an index file

An attempt to remove the entire tree in the "git fast-import" input
stream caused it to misbehave.

* mb/fast-import-delete-root:
  fast-import: fix segfault in store_tree()
  t9300: test filedelete command

Code clean-up.

* rs/more-uses-of-skip-prefix:
  pack-write: simplify index_pack_lockfile using skip_prefix() and xstrfmt()
  connect: simplify check_ref() using skip_prefix() and starts_with()

* ah/grammofix:
  grammofix in user-facing messages

* da/styles:
  stylefix: asterisks stick to the variable, not the type

Code clean-up.

* rs/merge-tree-simplify:
  merge-tree: remove unused df_conflict arguments

Code clean-up.

* rs/simplify-config-include:
  config: simplify git_config_include()

Code clean-up.

* rs/simplify-http-walker:
  http-walker: simplify process_alternates_response() using strbuf

* tb/crlf-tests:
  MinGW: update tests to handle a native eol of crlf
  Makefile: propagate NATIVE_CRLF to C
  t0027: Tests for core.eol=native, eol=lf, eol=crlf

Code clean-up.

* as/calloc-takes-nmemb-then-size:
  calloc() and xcalloc() takes nmemb and then size

* tb/complete-diff-ignore-blank-lines:
  completion: Add --ignore-blank-lines for diff

* mk/reachable-protect-detached-head:
  reachable.c: add HEAD to reachability starting commits

Add checks for a common programming mistake to assign the same
short option name to two separate options to help developers.

* jc/parseopt-verify-short-name:
  parse-options: detect attempt to add a duplicate short option name

Compilation fix for some compilers.

* kb/perf-trace:
  trace: correct trace_strbuf() parameter type for !HAVE_VARIADIC_MACROS

Code clean-up.

* rs/export-strbuf-addchars:
  strbuf: use strbuf_addchars() for adding a char multiple times
  strbuf: export strbuf_addchars()

"git config --add section.var val" used to lose existing
section.var whose value was an empty string.

* ta/config-add-to-empty-or-true-fix:
  config: avoid a funny sentinel value "a^"

* sp/doc-update-index-cacheinfo:
  Documentation: use single-parameter --cacheinfo in example

* js/no-test-cmp-for-binaries:
  t9300: use test_cmp_bin instead of test_cmp to compare binary files

* mr/mark-i18n-log-rerere:
  builtin/log.c: mark strings for translation
  rerere.h: mark string for translation

Compilation fix for newer GNU toolchain.

* ss/compat-default-source-for-newer-gnu:
  compat-util: add _DEFAULT_SOURCE define

* master:
  git-svn: delay term initialization
  git svn: find-rev allows short switches for near matches
  git-svn.txt: Remove mentions of repack options
  git svn: info: correctly handle absolute path args
  git-svn: branch: avoid systematic prompt for cert/pass

"git fsck" failed to report that it found corrupt objects via its
exit status in some cases.

* jk/fsck-exit-code-fix:
  fsck: return non-zero status on missing ref tips
  fsck: exit with non-zero status upon error from fsck_obj()

* ir/makefile-typofix:
  Makefile: fix some typos in the preamble

* so/rebase-doc:
  Documentation/git-rebase.txt: <upstream> must be given to specify <branch>

* wk/pre-push-sample-hook:
  pre-push.sample: Write error message to stderr

Optimize the code path to write out the packed-refs file, which
especially matters in a repository with a large number of refs.

* jk/write-packed-refs-via-stdio:
  refs: write packed_refs file using stdio

"hash-object" learned a new "--literally" option to hash any random
garbage into a loose object, to allow us to create a test data for
mechanisms to catch corrupt objects.

* jc/hash-object:
  hash-object: add --literally option
  hash-object: pass 'write_object' as a flag
  hash-object: reduce file-scope statics

Optimize the check to see if a ref $F can be created by making sure
no existing ref has $F/ as its prefix, which especially matters in
a repository with a large number of existing refs.

* jk/faster-name-conflicts:
  refs: speed up is_refname_available

Teach "git fsck" to inspect the contents of annotated tag objects.

* js/fsck-tag-validation:
  Make sure that index-pack --strict checks tag objects
  Add regression tests for stricter tag fsck'ing
  fsck: check tag objects' headers
  Make sure fsck_commit_buffer() does not run out of the buffer
  fsck_object(): allow passing object data separately from the object itself
  Refactor type_from_string() to allow continuing after detecting an error

Using "hash-object --literally", test one of the new breakages
js/fsck-tag-validation topic teaches "fsck" to catch is caught.

* jc/hash-object-fsck-tag:
  t1450: make sure fsck detects a malformed tagger line

Code cleanup.

* jk/prune-packed-server-info:
  repack: call prune_packed_objects() and update_server_info() directly
  server-info: clean up after writing info/packs
  make update-server-info more robust
  prune-packed: fix minor memory leak

pre- and post-receive hooks are no longer required to read all
their inputs.

* jc/ignore-sigpipe-while-running-hooks:
  receive-pack: allow hooks to ignore its standard input stream

Plug fd leaks.

* jk/close-stderr-of-credential-cache-deamon:
  credential-cache: close stderr in daemon process

Some MUAs mangled a line in a message that begins with "From " to
">From " when writing to a mailbox file and feeding such an input
to "git am" used to lose such a line.

* jk/mbox-from-line:
  mailinfo: make ">From" in-body header check more robust

Code cleanup.

* rs/realloc-array:
  use REALLOC_ARRAY for changing the allocation size of arrays
  add macro REALLOC_ARRAY

The "--verbose" option no longer breaks "git branch --merged $it".

* jk/branch-verbose-merged:
  branch: clean up commit flags after merge-filter walk