[red-knot] Add definition for with items (#12920)

## Summary

This PR adds symbols and definitions introduced by `with` statements.

The symbols and definitions are introduced for each with item. The type
inference is updated to call the definition region type inference
instead.

## Test Plan

Add test case to check for symbol table and definitions.

crates/red_knot_python_semantic/src/semantic_index.rs

@@ -790,6 +790,56 @@ def f(a: str, /, b: str, c: int = 1, *args, d: int = 2, **kwargs):
         assert_eq!(names(&inner_comprehension_symbol_table), vec!["x"]);
     }
 
+    #[test]
+    fn with_item_definition() {
+        let TestCase { db, file } = test_case(
+            "
+with item1 as x, item2 as y:
+    pass
+",
+        );
+
+        let index = semantic_index(&db, file);
+        let global_table = index.symbol_table(FileScopeId::global());
+
+        assert_eq!(names(&global_table), vec!["item1", "x", "item2", "y"]);
+
+        let use_def = index.use_def_map(FileScopeId::global());
+        for name in ["x", "y"] {
+            let Some(definition) = use_def.first_public_definition(
+                global_table.symbol_id_by_name(name).expect("symbol exists"),
+            ) else {
+                panic!("Expected with item definition for {name}");
+            };
+            assert!(matches!(definition.node(&db), DefinitionKind::WithItem(_)));
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn with_item_unpacked_definition() {
+        let TestCase { db, file } = test_case(
+            "
+with context() as (x, y):
+    pass
+",
+        );
+
+        let index = semantic_index(&db, file);
+        let global_table = index.symbol_table(FileScopeId::global());
+
+        assert_eq!(names(&global_table), vec!["context", "x", "y"]);
+
+        let use_def = index.use_def_map(FileScopeId::global());
+        for name in ["x", "y"] {
+            let Some(definition) = use_def.first_public_definition(
+                global_table.symbol_id_by_name(name).expect("symbol exists"),
+            ) else {
+                panic!("Expected with item definition for {name}");
+            };
+            assert!(matches!(definition.node(&db), DefinitionKind::WithItem(_)));
+        }
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn dupes() {
         let TestCase { db, file } = test_case(

crates/red_knot_python_semantic/src/semantic_index/builder.rs

@@ -26,6 +26,8 @@ use crate::semantic_index::use_def::{FlowSnapshot, UseDefMapBuilder};
 use crate::semantic_index::SemanticIndex;
 use crate::Db;
 
+use super::definition::WithItemDefinitionNodeRef;
+
 pub(super) struct SemanticIndexBuilder<'db> {
     // Builder state
     db: &'db dyn Db,
@@ -561,6 +563,18 @@ where
                     self.flow_merge(break_state);
                 }
             }
+            ast::Stmt::With(ast::StmtWith { items, body, .. }) => {
+                for item in items {
+                    self.visit_expr(&item.context_expr);
+                    if let Some(optional_vars) = item.optional_vars.as_deref() {
+                        self.add_standalone_expression(&item.context_expr);
+                        self.current_assignment = Some(item.into());
+                        self.visit_expr(optional_vars);
+                        self.current_assignment = None;
+                    }
+                }
+                self.visit_body(body);
+            }
             ast::Stmt::Break(_) => {
                 self.loop_break_states.push(self.flow_snapshot());
             }
@@ -622,6 +636,15 @@ where
                                 ComprehensionDefinitionNodeRef { node, first },
                             );
                         }
+                        Some(CurrentAssignment::WithItem(with_item)) => {
+                            self.add_definition(
+                                symbol,
+                                WithItemDefinitionNodeRef {
+                                    node: with_item,
+                                    target: name_node,
+                                },
+                            );
+                        }
                         None => {}
                     }
                 }
@@ -778,6 +801,7 @@ enum CurrentAssignment<'a> {
         node: &'a ast::Comprehension,
         first: bool,
     },
+    WithItem(&'a ast::WithItem),
 }
 
 impl<'a> From<&'a ast::StmtAssign> for CurrentAssignment<'a> {
@@ -803,3 +827,9 @@ impl<'a> From<&'a ast::ExprNamed> for CurrentAssignment<'a> {
         Self::Named(value)
     }
 }
+
+impl<'a> From<&'a ast::WithItem> for CurrentAssignment<'a> {
+    fn from(value: &'a ast::WithItem) -> Self {
+        Self::WithItem(value)
+    }
+}

crates/red_knot_python_semantic/src/semantic_index/definition.rs

@@ -47,6 +47,7 @@ pub(crate) enum DefinitionNodeRef<'a> {
     AugmentedAssignment(&'a ast::StmtAugAssign),
     Comprehension(ComprehensionDefinitionNodeRef<'a>),
     Parameter(ast::AnyParameterRef<'a>),
+    WithItem(WithItemDefinitionNodeRef<'a>),
 }
 
 impl<'a> From<&'a ast::StmtFunctionDef> for DefinitionNodeRef<'a> {
@@ -97,6 +98,12 @@ impl<'a> From<AssignmentDefinitionNodeRef<'a>> for DefinitionNodeRef<'a> {
     }
 }
 
+impl<'a> From<WithItemDefinitionNodeRef<'a>> for DefinitionNodeRef<'a> {
+    fn from(node_ref: WithItemDefinitionNodeRef<'a>) -> Self {
+        Self::WithItem(node_ref)
+    }
+}
+
 impl<'a> From<ComprehensionDefinitionNodeRef<'a>> for DefinitionNodeRef<'a> {
     fn from(node: ComprehensionDefinitionNodeRef<'a>) -> Self {
         Self::Comprehension(node)
@@ -121,6 +128,12 @@ pub(crate) struct AssignmentDefinitionNodeRef<'a> {
     pub(crate) target: &'a ast::ExprName,
 }
 
+#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug)]
+pub(crate) struct WithItemDefinitionNodeRef<'a> {
+    pub(crate) node: &'a ast::WithItem,
+    pub(crate) target: &'a ast::ExprName,
+}
+
 #[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug)]
 pub(crate) struct ComprehensionDefinitionNodeRef<'a> {
     pub(crate) node: &'a ast::Comprehension,
@@ -175,6 +188,12 @@ impl DefinitionNodeRef<'_> {
                     DefinitionKind::ParameterWithDefault(AstNodeRef::new(parsed, parameter))
                 }
             },
+            DefinitionNodeRef::WithItem(WithItemDefinitionNodeRef { node, target }) => {
+                DefinitionKind::WithItem(WithItemDefinitionKind {
+                    node: AstNodeRef::new(parsed.clone(), node),
+                    target: AstNodeRef::new(parsed, target),
+                })
+            }
         }
     }
 
@@ -198,6 +217,7 @@ impl DefinitionNodeRef<'_> {
                 ast::AnyParameterRef::Variadic(parameter) => parameter.into(),
                 ast::AnyParameterRef::NonVariadic(parameter) => parameter.into(),
             },
+            Self::WithItem(WithItemDefinitionNodeRef { node: _, target }) => target.into(),
         }
     }
 }
@@ -215,6 +235,7 @@ pub enum DefinitionKind {
     Comprehension(ComprehensionDefinitionKind),
     Parameter(AstNodeRef<ast::Parameter>),
     ParameterWithDefault(AstNodeRef<ast::ParameterWithDefault>),
+    WithItem(WithItemDefinitionKind),
 }
 
 #[derive(Clone, Debug)]
@@ -250,7 +271,6 @@ impl ImportFromDefinitionKind {
 }
 
 #[derive(Clone, Debug)]
-#[allow(dead_code)]
 pub struct AssignmentDefinitionKind {
     assignment: AstNodeRef<ast::StmtAssign>,
     target: AstNodeRef<ast::ExprName>,
@@ -266,6 +286,22 @@ impl AssignmentDefinitionKind {
     }
 }
 
+#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
+pub struct WithItemDefinitionKind {
+    node: AstNodeRef<ast::WithItem>,
+    target: AstNodeRef<ast::ExprName>,
+}
+
+impl WithItemDefinitionKind {
+    pub(crate) fn node(&self) -> &ast::WithItem {
+        self.node.node()
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn target(&self) -> &ast::ExprName {
+        self.target.node()
+    }
+}
+
 #[derive(Copy, Clone, Eq, PartialEq, Hash, Debug)]
 pub(crate) struct DefinitionNodeKey(NodeKey);
 

crates/red_knot_python_semantic/src/types/infer.rs

@@ -333,6 +333,9 @@ impl<'db> TypeInferenceBuilder<'db> {
             DefinitionKind::ParameterWithDefault(parameter_with_default) => {
                 self.infer_parameter_with_default_definition(parameter_with_default, definition);
             }
+            DefinitionKind::WithItem(with_item) => {
+                self.infer_with_item_definition(with_item.target(), with_item.node(), definition);
+            }
         }
     }
 
@@ -618,13 +621,42 @@ impl<'db> TypeInferenceBuilder<'db> {
         } = with_statement;
 
         for item in items {
-            self.infer_expression(&item.context_expr);
-            self.infer_optional_expression(item.optional_vars.as_deref());
+            match item.optional_vars.as_deref() {
+                Some(ast::Expr::Name(name)) => {
+                    self.infer_definition(name);
+                }
+                _ => {
+                    // TODO infer definitions in unpacking assignment
+                    self.infer_expression(&item.context_expr);
+                }
+            }
         }
 
         self.infer_body(body);
     }
 
+    fn infer_with_item_definition(
+        &mut self,
+        target: &ast::ExprName,
+        with_item: &ast::WithItem,
+        definition: Definition<'db>,
+    ) {
+        let expression = self.index.expression(&with_item.context_expr);
+        let result = infer_expression_types(self.db, expression);
+        self.extend(result);
+
+        // TODO(dhruvmanila): The correct type inference here is the return type of the __enter__
+        // method of the context manager.
+        let context_expr_ty = self
+            .types
+            .expression_ty(with_item.context_expr.scoped_ast_id(self.db, self.scope));
+
+        self.types
+            .expressions
+            .insert(target.scoped_ast_id(self.db, self.scope), context_expr_ty);
+        self.types.definitions.insert(definition, context_expr_ty);
+    }
+
     fn infer_match_statement(&mut self, match_statement: &ast::StmtMatch) {
         let ast::StmtMatch {
             range: _,