[SEDONA-281] Support geodesic / geography functions

[jiayuasu]

Did you read the Contributor Guide?

• Yes, I have read Contributor Rules and Contributor Development Guide

Is this PR related to a JIRA ticket?

• Yes, the URL of the associated JIRA ticket is https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SEDONA-281. The PR name follows the format [SEDONA-281] my subject.

What changes were proposed in this PR?

ST_AreaSpheroid

Return the geodesic area of A using WGS84 spheroid. Unit is square meter. Works better for large geometries (country level) compared to ST_Area + ST_Transform. It is equivalent to PostGIS ST_Area(geography, use_spheroid=true) function and produces nearly identical results.

ST_LengthSpheroid

Return the geodesic perimeter of A using WGS84 spheroid. Unit is meter. Works better for large geometries (country level) compared to ST_Length + ST_Transform. It is equivalent to PostGIS ST_Length(geography, use_spheroid=true) and ST_LengthSpheroid function and produces nearly identical results.

ST_DistanceSphere

Return the haversine / great-circle distance of A using a given earth radius (default radius: 6378137.0). Unit is meter. Works better for large geometries (country level) compared to ST_Distance + ST_Transform. It is equivalent to PostGIS ST_Distance(geography, use_spheroid=false) and ST_DistanceSphere function and produces nearly identical results. It provides faster but less accurate result compared to ST_DistanceSpheroid.

ST_DistanceSpheroid

Return the geodesic distance of A using WGS84 spheroid. Unit is meter. Works better for large geometries (country level) compared to ST_Distance + ST_Transform. It is equivalent to PostGIS ST_Distance(geography, use_spheroid=true) and ST_DistanceSpheroid function and produces nearly identical results. It provides slower but more accurate result compared to ST_DistanceSphere.

How was this patch tested?

Added many unit tests.

Did this PR include necessary documentation updates?

• Yes, I am adding a new API. I am using the current SNAPSHOT version number in since vX.Y.Z format.

[Kontinuation]

I suggest using 6371008 as the default radius according to PostGIS ST_DistanceSphere and https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth_radius