[SEDONA-455] geoparquet.metadata data source for inspecting GeoParquet metadata

[Kontinuation]

Did you read the Contributor Guide?

• Yes, I have read Contributor Rules and Contributor Development Guide

Is this PR related to a JIRA ticket?

• Yes, the URL of the associated JIRA ticket is https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SEDONA-455. The PR name follows the format [SEDONA-XXX] my subject.

What changes were proposed in this PR?

This patch adds a new data source named geoparquet.metadata implemented using DataSourceV2 API. It produces a dataframe containing GeoParquet metadata for each data file. Here is an example resulting dataframe loaded from geoparquet.metadata:

+-----------------+------------+--------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+
|path             |version     |primary_column|columns                                                           |
+-----------------+------------+--------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+
|datafile1.parquet|1.0.0-beta.1|geom          |{geom -> {WKB, [Polygon], [1000.0, 1000.0, 2000.0, 2000.0], NULL}}|
|datafile2.parquet|1.0.0-beta.1|geom          |{geom -> {WKB, [Polygon], [5000.0, 5000.0, 6000.0, 6000.0], NULL}}|
|datafile3.parquet|1.0.0-beta.1|geom          |{geom -> {WKB, [Polygon], [0.0, 0.0, 1000.0, 1000.0], NULL}}      |
+-----------------+------------+--------------+------------------------------------------------------------------+

How was this patch tested?

Add new tests for the newly added data source.

Did this PR include necessary documentation updates?

• Yes, I have updated the documentation update.

[jiayuasu]

What will happen if the geoparquet file has more than 1 geometry column?

[Kontinuation]

What will happen if the geoparquet file has more than 1 geometry column?

The columns field is a map from column name to column metadata. If geoparquet file has more than 1 geometry column, the value of column field will have multiple keys and values.

[jiayuasu]

@Kontinuation does this work if the CRS is a projjson string?

[Kontinuation]

@Kontinuation does this work if the CRS is a projjson string?

Sure. This is an example of the columns field read from geoparquet files with CRS metadata:

+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|columns                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     |
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|{geometry -> {WKB, [], [913175.109, 120121.8813, 1067382.5084, 272844.2936], "PROJCRS[\"NAD83 [/](https://file+.vscode-resource.vscode-cdn.net/) New York Long Island (ftUS)\",BASEGEOGCRS[\"NAD83\",DATUM[\"North American Datum 1983\",ELLIPSOID[\"GRS 1980\",6378137,298.257222101]],UNIT[\"degree\",0.0174532925199433]],CONVERSION[\"SPCS83 New York Long Island zone (US Survey feet)\",METHOD[\"Lambert Conic Conformal (2SP)\"],PARAMETER[\"Latitude of false origin\",40.1666666666667],PARAMETER[\"Longitude of false origin\",-74],PARAMETER[\"Latitude of 1st standard parallel\",41.0333333333333],PARAMETER[\"Latitude of 2nd standard parallel\",40.6666666666667],PARAMETER[\"Easting at false origin\",984250],PARAMETER[\"Northing at false origin\",0]],CS[Cartesian,2],AXIS[\"easting (X)\",east],AXIS[\"northing (Y)\",north],UNIT[\"US survey foot\",0.304800609601219],USAGE[SCOPE[\"Engineering survey, topographic mapping.\"],AREA[\"United States (USA) - New York - counties of Bronx; Kings; Nassau; New York; Queens; Richmond; Suffolk.\"],BBOX[40.47,-74.26,41.3,-71.8]],ID[\"EPSG\",2263]]"}}                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               |
|{geometry -> {WKB, [Polygon, MultiPolygon], [-180.0, -90.0, 180.0, 83.6451], {"$schema":"https://proj.org/schemas/v0.5/projjson.schema.json","type":"GeographicCRS","name":"WGS 84 (CRS84)","datumEnsemble":{"name":"World Geodetic System 1984 ensemble","members":[{"name":"World Geodetic System 1984 (Transit)","id":{"authority":"EPSG","code":1166}},{"name":"World Geodetic System 1984 (G730)","id":{"authority":"EPSG","code":1152}},{"name":"World Geodetic System 1984 (G873)","id":{"authority":"EPSG","code":1153}},{"name":"World Geodetic System 1984 (G1150)","id":{"authority":"EPSG","code":1154}},{"name":"World Geodetic System 1984 (G1674)","id":{"authority":"EPSG","code":1155}},{"name":"World Geodetic System 1984 (G1762)","id":{"authority":"EPSG","code":1156}},{"name":"World Geodetic System 1984 (G2139)","id":{"authority":"EPSG","code":1309}}],"ellipsoid":{"name":"WGS 84","semiMajorAxis":6378137,"inverseFlattening":298.257223563},"accuracy":"2.0","id":{"authority":"EPSG","code":6326}},"coordinateSystem":{"subtype":"ellipsoidal","axis":[{"name":"Geodetic longitude","abbreviation":"Lon","direction":"east","unit":"degree"},{"name":"Geodetic latitude","abbreviation":"Lat","direction":"north","unit":"degree"}]},"scope":"Not known.","area":"World.","bbox":{"southLatitude":-90,"westLongitude":-180,"northLatitude":90,"eastLongitude":180},"id":{"authority":"OGC","code":"CRS84"}}}}|
|{geometry -> {WKB, [], [-180.0, -90.0, 180.0, 83.6451], {"$schema":"https://proj.org/schemas/v0.4/projjson.schema.json","type":"GeographicCRS","name":"WGS 84 (CRS84)","datumEnsemble":{"name":"World Geodetic System 1984 ensemble","members":[{"name":"World Geodetic System 1984 (Transit)","id":{"authority":"EPSG","code":1166}},{"name":"World Geodetic System 1984 (G730)","id":{"authority":"EPSG","code":1152}},{"name":"World Geodetic System 1984 (G873)","id":{"authority":"EPSG","code":1153}},{"name":"World Geodetic System 1984 (G1150)","id":{"authority":"EPSG","code":1154}},{"name":"World Geodetic System 1984 (G1674)","id":{"authority":"EPSG","code":1155}},{"name":"World Geodetic System 1984 (G1762)","id":{"authority":"EPSG","code":1156}},{"name":"World Geodetic System 1984 (G2139)","id":{"authority":"EPSG","code":1309}}],"ellipsoid":{"name":"WGS 84","semiMajorAxis":6378137,"inverseFlattening":298.257223563},"accuracy":"2.0","id":{"authority":"EPSG","code":6326}},"coordinateSystem":{"subtype":"ellipsoidal","axis":[{"name":"Geodetic longitude","abbreviation":"Lon","direction":"east","unit":"degree"},{"name":"Geodetic latitude","abbreviation":"Lat","direction":"north","unit":"degree"}]},"scope":"Not known.","area":"World.","bbox":{"southLatitude":-90,"westLongitude":-180,"northLatitude":90,"eastLongitude":180},"id":{"authority":"OGC","code":"CRS84"}}}}                     |
|{geometry -> {WKB, [], [-175.2206, -41.3, 179.2166, 64.15], "GEOGCRS[\"WGS 84\",ENSEMBLE[\"World Geodetic System 1984 ensemble\",MEMBER[\"World Geodetic System 1984 (Transit)\"],MEMBER[\"World Geodetic System 1984 (G730)\"],MEMBER[\"World Geodetic System 1984 (G873)\"],MEMBER[\"World Geodetic System 1984 (G1150)\"],MEMBER[\"World Geodetic System 1984 (G1674)\"],MEMBER[\"World Geodetic System 1984 (G1762)\"],MEMBER[\"World Geodetic System 1984 (G2139)\"],ELLIPSOID[\"WGS 84\",6378137,298.257223563],ENSEMBLEACCURACY[2.0]],CS[ellipsoidal,2],AXIS[\"geodetic latitude (Lat)\",north],AXIS[\"geodetic longitude (Lon)\",east],UNIT[\"degree\",0.0174532925199433],USAGE[SCOPE[\"Horizontal component of 3D system.\"],AREA[\"World.\"],BBOX[-90,-180,90,180]],ID[\"EPSG\",4326]]"}}                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        |
|NULL                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        |
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

The CRS may not be a PROJJSON object in old versions of example geoparquet files. They can still be properly loaded by geoparquet.metadata data source.