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OntoBPR: An ontological workflow for building permit review

Metadata

• IRI
  • https://w3id.org/ontobpr
• Creators(s)
  • Dr. Judith Fauth [ORCID] (jf805@cam.ac.uk) of University of Cambridge, GB
  • Dr. Philipp Hagedorn [ORCID] (philipp.hagedorn-n6v@rub.de) of Ruhr University Bochum, DE
  • Sebastian Seiss [ORCID] (sebastian.seiss@uni-weimar.de) of Bauhaus-Universitaet Weimar, DE
  • Sven Zentgraf [ORCID] (sven.zentgraf@rub.de) of Ruhr University Bochum, DE
• Ontology RDF
  • RDF (ontobpr.ttl)

Description

To avoid a digital disruption in planning buildings and structures, this research presents a workflow in which building codes are represented as machine-readable knowledge graphs and ontologies as an integration to the building permit review procedure and the participation process. Therefore, the building permit process was analyzed, and possible applications of ontology-based knowledge representations are explored. An ontology-based building permit review (OntoBPR) is proposed, reusing two existing ontologies for modeling the permit review workflow for representing the building codes. The OntoBPR ontology extends the approach with a connection to Information Containers for linked Document Delivery (ICDD) that are used for submitting the building application, and the Shapes Constraint Language (SHACL) of which rules are generated from the building code knowledge graphs.

Table of Contents

1. Classes
2. Object Properties
3. Datatype Properties
4. Named Individuals
5. Namespaces
6. Legend

Overview

Figure 1: Ontology overview

Classes

(1) Formal review, (1.1) Completeness check , (1.2) Review preparation , (2) Assignment, (3) Participation , (4) Content review , (5) Issuing notification letter , (5.1) Request review results , (5.2a) Positive permit decision , (5.2b) Negative permit decision , (5.3a) Formulation of condition , (5.3b) Justification of negative decision , (5.4) Creating notification letter, Activity, Building, Building application, Building authority, Condition, Dictionary, Justification, Review checking result, Review statement, Review status, SHACL shapes set,

Activity

Property	Value
IRI	https://w3id.org/ontobpr#Activity
Description	an Activity executed throughout the building permit review
Super-classes	owl:Thing (c)
Restrictions	ontobpr:isCompleted (dp) exactly 1
Sub-classes	ontobpr:CompletenessCheck (c) ontobpr:RequestReviewResults (c) ontobpr:FormalReview (c) ontobpr:JustificationOfNegativeDecision (c) ontobpr:CreatingNotificationLetter (c) ontobpr:Participation (c) ontobpr:FormulationOfCondition (c) ontobpr:IssuingNotificationLetter (c) ontobpr:ReviewPreparation (c) ontobpr:PositivePermitDecision (c) ontobpr:NegativePermitDecision (c) ontobpr:Assignment (c) ontobpr:ContentReview (c)
In domain of	ontobpr:afterActivity (op) ontobpr:isCompleted (dp)
In range of	ontobpr:belongsToActivity (op) ontobpr:afterActivity (op) ontobpr:hasCurrentActivity (op)

(2) Assignment

Property	Value
IRI	https://w3id.org/ontobpr#Assignment
Description	the Assignment activity
Super-classes	ontobpr:Activity (c)
Restrictions	ontobpr:afterActivity (op) exactly 1 ontobpr:FormalReview (c)

Building

Property	Value
IRI	https://w3id.org/ontobpr#Building
Description	The building that is subject of this building application
Super-classes	owl:Thing (c)
Restrictions	ontobpr:hasBuildingDocument (op) some ct:Document (c)
In domain of	ontobpr:hasBuildingDocument (op)

Building application

Property	Value
IRI	https://w3id.org/ontobpr#BuildingApplication
Is Defined By	https://w3id.org/obpa#BuildingApplication
Description	the building application that is submitted by an applicant for review
Restrictions	ontobpr:hasStatement (op) some ontobpr:ReviewStatement (c) ontobpr:hasCheckingResults (op) some ontobpr:ReviewResult (c) ontobpr:hasBuildingApplicationContainer (op) exactly 1 ct:ContainerDescription (c) ontobpr:hasCurrentActivity (op) exactly 1 ontobpr:Activity (c) ontobpr:hasStatus (op) exactly 1 ontobpr:ReviewStatus (c) ontobpr:hasApplicationDocument (op) some ct:Document (c)
In domain of	ontobpr:hasBuildingApplicationContainer (op) ontobpr:hasStatement (op) ontobpr:hasDocument (op) ontobpr:hasStatus (op) ontobpr:hasApplicationDocument (op) ontobpr:hasCheckingResults (op) ontobpr:applies (op) ontobpr:hasCurrentActivity (op)

Building authority

Property	Value
IRI	https://w3id.org/ontobpr#BuildingAuthority
Is Defined By	https://w3id.org/obpa#BuildingAuthority
Description	a building authority that is involved in a building permit review
In domain of	ontobpr:checks (op)

Dictionary

Property	Value
IRI	https://w3id.org/ontobpr#BuildingCodeDictionary
Description	A dictionary containing properties and shapes from a building code
Restrictions	ontobpr:hasShapesSet (op) exactly 1 ontobpr:ShaclShapesSet (c)
In domain of	ontobpr:hasShapesSet (op)
In range of	ontobpr:applies (op) ontobpr:checks (op)

(1.1) Completeness check

Property	Value
IRI	https://w3id.org/ontobpr#CompletenessCheck
Description	the Completeness check activity
Super-classes	ontobpr:Activity (c)
Restrictions	ontobpr:hasShapesSet (op) exactly 1 ontobpr:ShaclShapesSet (c)

Condition

Property	Value
IRI	https://w3id.org/ontobpr#Condition
Description	a formulated condition statement of a conditionally accepted application
Super-classes	ontobpr:ReviewStatement (c)

(4) Content review

Property	Value
IRI	https://w3id.org/ontobpr#ContentReview
Description	The Content review activity
Super-classes	ontobpr:Activity (c)
Restrictions	ontobpr:afterActivity (op) exactly 1 ontobpr:FormalReview (c)

(5.4) Creating notification letter

Property	Value
IRI	https://w3id.org/ontobpr#CreatingNotificationLetter
Description	The Creating notification letter activity
Super-classes	ontobpr:Activity (c)
Restrictions	ontobpr:afterActivity (op) max 1 ontobpr:JustificationOfNegativeDecision (c) ontobpr:afterActivity (op) max 1 ontobpr:FormulationOfCondition (c)

(1) Formal review

Property	Value
IRI	https://w3id.org/ontobpr#FormalReview
Description	The Formal review activity
Super-classes	ontobpr:Activity (c)
Restrictions	obpa:hasSubActivity exactly 1 ontobpr:CompletenessCheck (c) obpa:hasSubActivity exactly 1 ontobpr:ReviewPreparation (c)

(5.3a) Formulation of condition

Property	Value
IRI	https://w3id.org/ontobpr#FormulationOfCondition
Description	the Formulation of condition activity
Super-classes	ontobpr:Activity (c)
Restrictions	ontobpr:afterActivity (op) exactly 1 ontobpr:PositivePermitDecision (c)

(5) Issuing notification letter

Property	Value
IRI	https://w3id.org/ontobpr#IssuingNotificationLetter
Description	the Issuing notification letter activity
Super-classes	ontobpr:Activity (c)
Restrictions	obpa:hasSubActivity exactly 1 ontobpr:CreatingNotificationLetter (c) obpa:hasSubActivity max 1 ontobpr:PositivePermitDecision (c) ontobpr:afterActivity (op) max 1 ontobpr:Participation (c) obpa:hasSubActivity max 1 ontobpr:NegativePermitDecision (c) ontobpr:afterActivity (op) max 1 ontobpr:Assignment (c) obpa:hasSubActivity max 1 ontobpr:JustificationOfNegativeDecision (c) ontobpr:afterActivity (op) max 1 ontobpr:ContentReview (c) obpa:hasSubActivity exactly 1 ontobpr:RequestReviewResults (c) obpa:hasSubActivity max 1 ontobpr:FormulationOfCondition (c)

Justification

Property	Value
IRI	https://w3id.org/ontobpr#Justification
Description	justification statement of a negative building permit review decision
Super-classes	ontobpr:ReviewStatement (c)

(5.3b) Justification of negative decision

Property	Value
IRI	https://w3id.org/ontobpr#JustificationOfNegativeDecision
Description	the Justification of negative decision activity
Super-classes	ontobpr:Activity (c)
Restrictions	ontobpr:afterActivity (op) exactly 1 ontobpr:NegativePermitDecision (c)

(5.2b) Negative permit decision

Property	Value
IRI	https://w3id.org/ontobpr#NegativePermitDecision
Description	the Negative permit decision activity
Super-classes	ontobpr:Activity (c)
Restrictions	ontobpr:afterActivity (op) exactly 1 ontobpr:RequestReviewResults (c)

(3) Participation

Property	Value
IRI	https://w3id.org/ontobpr#Participation
Description	the Participation activity
Super-classes	ontobpr:Activity (c)
Restrictions	ontobpr:afterActivity (op) exactly 1 ontobpr:FormalReview (c)

(5.2a) Positive permit decision

Property	Value
IRI	https://w3id.org/ontobpr#PositivePermitDecision
Description	the Positive permit decision activity
Super-classes	ontobpr:Activity (c)
Restrictions	ontobpr:afterActivity (op) exactly 1 ontobpr:RequestReviewResults (c)

(5.1) Request review results

Property	Value
IRI	https://w3id.org/ontobpr#RequestReviewResults
Description	the Request review results activity
Super-classes	ontobpr:Activity (c)

(1.2) Review preparation

Property	Value
IRI	https://w3id.org/ontobpr#ReviewPreparation
Description	the Review preparation activity
Super-classes	ontobpr:Activity (c)
Restrictions	ontobpr:afterActivity (op) exactly 1 ontobpr:CompletenessCheck (c)

Review checking result

Property	Value
IRI	https://w3id.org/ontobpr#ReviewResult
Description	the review result of a particular agent incorporating a sh:ValidationReport
Super-classes	owl:Thing (c)
Restrictions	ontobpr:hasCheckingResults (op) some sh:ValidationReport (c) obpa:hasAgent exactly 1 obpa:Agent (c) dcterms:issued exactly 1 xsd:date (c)
In range of	ontobpr:hasCheckingResults (op)

Review statement

Property	Value
IRI	https://w3id.org/ontobpr#ReviewStatement
Description	a general review statement for logging events during the building permit review
Super-classes	owl:Thing (c)
Restrictions	dcterms:issued exactly 1 xsd:date (c) obpa:hasAgent exactly 1 obpa:Agent (c) rdfs:comment exactly 1 xsd:string (c) ontobpr:belongsToActivity (op) exactly 1 ontobpr:Activity (c)
Sub-classes	ontobpr:Condition (c) ontobpr:Justification (c)
In domain of	ontobpr:belongsToActivity (op)
In range of	ontobpr:hasStatement (op)

Review status

Property	Value
IRI	https://w3id.org/ontobpr#ReviewStatus
Description	the status of the building application within the building permit review
Super-classes	owl:Thing (c)
In range of	ontobpr:hasStatus (op)

SHACL shapes set

Property	Value
IRI	https://w3id.org/ontobpr#ShaclShapesSet
Description	a set of SHACL shapes for validating data at various activities of the building permit review
Super-classes	owl:Thing (c)
Restrictions	ontobpr:hasShapes (op) some sh:Shape (c)
In domain of	ontobpr:hasShapes (op)
In range of	ontobpr:hasShapesSet (op)

Object Properties

after activity, applies, belongs to activity, checks, has application document, has building application container, has building document, has checking results, has current activity, has document, has shapes, has shapes set, has statement, has status,

after activity

Property	Value
IRI	https://w3id.org/ontobpr#afterActivity
Description	an activity is executed after another activity
Super-properties	owl:topObjectProperty
Domain(s)	ontobpr:Activity (c)
Range(s)	ontobpr:Activity (c)

applies

Property	Value
IRI	https://w3id.org/ontobpr#applies
Description	BuildingApplication applies a BuildingCodeDictionary for checking
Super-properties	owl:topObjectProperty
Domain(s)	obpa:BuildingApplication (c) ontobpr:BuildingApplication (c)
Range(s)	isoprops:Dictionary (c) ontobpr:BuildingCodeDictionary (c)

belongs to activity

Property	Value
IRI	https://w3id.org/ontobpr#belongsToActivity
Description	a ReviewStatement belongs to a particular Activity
Super-properties	owl:topObjectProperty
Domain(s)	ontobpr:ReviewStatement (c)
Range(s)	ontobpr:Activity (c)

checks

Property	Value
IRI	https://w3id.org/ontobpr#checks
Description	BuildingAuthority checks a building regarding a BuildingCodeDictionary
Super-properties	owl:topObjectProperty
Domain(s)	obpa:BuildingAuthority (c) ontobpr:BuildingAuthority (c)
Range(s)	isoprops:Dictionary (c) ontobpr:BuildingCodeDictionary (c)

has application document

Property	Value
IRI	https://w3id.org/ontobpr#hasApplicationDocument
Description	a BuildingApplication has a respective document (e.g. PDF) representing a human-readable version of the application
Super-properties	ontobpr:hasDocument (op)
Domain(s)	ontobpr:BuildingApplication (c)
Range(s)	ct:Document (c)

has building application container

Property	Value
IRI	https://w3id.org/ontobpr#hasBuildingApplicationContainer
Description	the reference from a BuildingApplication to an ICDD container
Super-properties	owl:topObjectProperty
Domain(s)	ontobpr:BuildingApplication (c)
Range(s)	ct:ContainerDescription (c)

has building document

Property	Value
IRI	https://w3id.org/ontobpr#hasBuildingDocument
Description	A Building has a document, which is the IFC representation of this Building
Super-properties	ontobpr:hasDocument (op)
Domain(s)	ontobpr:Building (c)
Range(s)	ct:Document (c)

has checking results

Property	Value
IRI	https://w3id.org/ontobpr#hasCheckingResults
Description	either a BuildingApplication has ReviewResult or a ReviewResult has sh:ValidationReport
Super-properties	owl:topObjectProperty
Domain(s)	ontobpr:BuildingApplication (c)
Range(s)	ontobpr:ReviewResult (c)

has current activity

Property	Value
IRI	https://w3id.org/ontobpr#hasCurrentActivity
Description	a BuildingApplication is in the current Activity
Super-properties	owl:topObjectProperty
Domain(s)	ontobpr:BuildingApplication (c)
Range(s)	ontobpr:Activity (c)

has document

Property	Value
IRI	https://w3id.org/ontobpr#hasDocument
Description	abstract property grouping hasApplicationDocument and hasBuildingDocument
Super-properties	owl:topObjectProperty
Domain(s)	ontobpr:BuildingApplication (c)
Range(s)	ct:Document (c)

has shapes

Property	Value
IRI	https://w3id.org/ontobpr#hasShapes
Description	ShaclShapesSet has sh:Shape instances
Super-properties	owl:topObjectProperty
Domain(s)	ontobpr:ShaclShapesSet (c)
Range(s)	sh:Shape (c)

has shapes set

Property	Value
IRI	https://w3id.org/ontobpr#hasShapesSet
Description	either an Activity or a BuildingCodeDictionary has a ShaclShapesSet
Super-properties	owl:topObjectProperty
Domain(s)	ontobpr:BuildingCodeDictionary (c)
Range(s)	ontobpr:ShaclShapesSet (c)

has statement

Property	Value
IRI	https://w3id.org/ontobpr#hasStatement
Description	any ReviewStatement of any reviewer is attached to a BuildingApplication
Super-properties	owl:topObjectProperty
Domain(s)	ontobpr:BuildingApplication (c)
Range(s)	ontobpr:ReviewStatement (c)

has status

Property	Value
IRI	https://w3id.org/ontobpr#hasStatus
Description	the ReviewStatus of a BuildingApplication
Super-properties	owl:topObjectProperty
Domain(s)	ontobpr:BuildingApplication (c)
Range(s)	ontobpr:ReviewStatus (c)

Datatype Properties

is completed,

is completed

Property	Value
IRI	https://w3id.org/ontobpr#isCompleted
Description	a boolean property indicating whether an activity is completet or not
Super-properties	owl:topDataProperty
Domain(s)	ontobpr:Activity (c)
Range(s)	xsd:boolean (c)

Named Individuals

Accepted, Accepted with conditions, Rejected, Request information, Under review,

Accepted ^c

Property	Value
IRI	https://w3id.org/ontobpr#Accepted

• Contributor(s)
  • ontobpr:ReviewStatus

Accepted with conditions ^c

Property	Value
IRI	https://w3id.org/ontobpr#AcceptedWithConditions

• Contributor(s)
  • ontobpr:ReviewStatus

Rejected ^c

Property	Value
IRI	https://w3id.org/ontobpr#Rejected

• Contributor(s)
  • ontobpr:ReviewStatus

Request information ^c

Property	Value
IRI	https://w3id.org/ontobpr#RequestInformation

• Contributor(s)
  • ontobpr:ReviewStatus

Under review ^c

Property	Value
IRI	https://w3id.org/ontobpr#UnderReview

• Contributor(s)
  • ontobpr:ReviewStatus

Namespaces

• default (:)
  • https://w3id.org/ontobpr#
• ct
  • https://standards.iso.org/iso/21597/-1/ed-1/en/Container#
• dc
  • http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
• dcterms
  • http://purl.org/dc/terms/
• isoprops
  • https://w3id.org/isoprops#
• obpa
  • https://w3id.org/obpa#
• ontobpr
  • https://w3id.org/ontobpr#
• owl
  • http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
• prov
  • http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
• rdf
  • http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
• rdfs
  • http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
• sdo
  • https://schema.org/
• sh
  • http://www.w3.org/ns/shacl#
• skos
  • http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
• vann
  • http://purl.org/vocab/vann/
• xml
  • http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace
• xsd
  • http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#

Legend

• Classes: c
• Object Properties: op
• Functional Properties: fp
• Data Properties: dp
• Annotation Properties: dp
• Properties: p
• Named Individuals: ni