path: replace duplicate conditions by functions

It will also remove useless "code" variables by inlining
path.charCodeAt.

PR-URL: nodejs#18693
Reviewed-By: Ben Noordhuis <info@bnoordhuis.nl>
Reviewed-By: Tobias Nießen <tniessen@tnie.de>
Reviewed-By: Ruben Bridgewater <ruben@bridgewater.de>
Reviewed-By: Colin Ihrig <cjihrig@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Luigi Pinca <luigipinca@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Jon Moss <me@jonathanmoss.me>
Reviewed-By: Anatoli Papirovski <apapirovski@mac.com>
Reviewed-By: James M Snell <jasnell@gmail.com>