Supervised Machine Learning: Regression and Classification/C1_W1_Lab02_Model_Representation_Soln.ipynb

{
 "cells": [
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# Optional Lab: Model Representation\n",
    "\n",
    "<figure>\n",
    " <img src=\"./images/C1_W1_L3_S1_Lecture_b.png\"   style=\"width:600px;height:200px;\">\n",
    "</figure>"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Goals\n",
    "In this lab you will:\n",
    "- Learn to implement the model $f_{w,b}$ for linear regression with one variable"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Notation\n",
    "Here is a summary of some of the notation you will encounter.  \n",
    "\n",
    "|General <img width=70/> <br />  Notation  <img width=70/> | Description<img width=350/>| Python (if applicable) |\n",
    "|: ------------|: ------------------------------------------------------------||\n",
    "| $a$ | scalar, non bold                                                      ||\n",
    "| $\\mathbf{a}$ | vector, bold                                                      ||\n",
    "| **Regression** |         |    |     |\n",
    "|  $\\mathbf{x}$ | Training Example feature values (in this lab - Size (1000 sqft))  | `x_train` |   \n",
    "|  $\\mathbf{y}$  | Training Example  targets (in this lab Price (1000s of dollars))  | `y_train` \n",
    "|  $x^{(i)}$, $y^{(i)}$ | $i_{th}$Training Example | `x_i`, `y_i`|\n",
    "| m | Number of training examples | `m`|\n",
    "|  $w$  |  parameter: weight                                 | `w`    |\n",
    "|  $b$           |  parameter: bias                                           | `b`    |     \n",
    "| $f_{w,b}(x^{(i)})$ | The result of the model evaluation at $x^{(i)}$ parameterized by $w,b$: $f_{w,b}(x^{(i)}) = wx^{(i)}+b$  | `f_wb` | \n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Tools\n",
    "In this lab you will make use of: \n",
    "- NumPy, a popular library for scientific computing\n",
    "- Matplotlib, a popular library for plotting data"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 1,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "import numpy as np\n",
    "import matplotlib.pyplot as plt\n",
    "plt.style.use('./deeplearning.mplstyle')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# Problem Statement\n",
    "<img align=\"left\" src=\"./images/C1_W1_L3_S1_trainingdata.png\"    style=\" width:380px; padding: 10px;  \" /> \n",
    "\n",
    "As in the lecture, you will use the motivating example of housing price prediction.  \n",
    "This lab will use a simple data set with only two data points - a house with 1000 square feet(sqft) sold for \\\\$300,000 and a house with 2000 square feet sold for \\\\$500,000. These two points will constitute our *data or training set*. In this lab, the units of size are 1000 sqft and the units of price are 1000s of dollars.\n",
    "\n",
    "| Size (1000 sqft)     | Price (1000s of dollars) |\n",
    "| -------------------| ------------------------ |\n",
    "| 1.0               | 300                      |\n",
    "| 2.0               | 500                      |\n",
    "\n",
    "You would like to fit a linear regression model (shown above as the blue straight line) through these two points, so you can then predict price for other houses - say, a house with 1200 sqft.\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Please run the following code cell to create your `x_train` and `y_train` variables. The data is stored in one-dimensional NumPy arrays."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 2,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "x_train = [1. 2.]\n",
      "y_train = [300. 500.]\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# x_train is the input variable (size in 1000 square feet)\n",
    "# y_train is the target (price in 1000s of dollars)\n",
    "x_train = np.array([1.0, 2.0])\n",
    "y_train = np.array([300.0, 500.0])\n",
    "print(f\"x_train = {x_train}\")\n",
    "print(f\"y_train = {y_train}\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    ">**Note**: The course will frequently utilize the python 'f-string' output formatting described [here](https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/inputoutput.html) when printing. The content between the curly braces is evaluated when producing the output."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Number of training examples `m`\n",
    "You will use `m` to denote the number of training examples. Numpy arrays have a `.shape` parameter. `x_train.shape` returns a python tuple with an entry for each dimension. `x_train.shape[0]` is the length of the array and number of examples as shown below."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 3,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "x_train.shape: (2,)\n",
      "Number of training examples is: 2\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# m is the number of training examples\n",
    "print(f\"x_train.shape: {x_train.shape}\")\n",
    "m = x_train.shape[0]\n",
    "print(f\"Number of training examples is: {m}\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "One can also use the Python `len()` function as shown below."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 4,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Number of training examples is: 2\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# m is the number of training examples\n",
    "m = len(x_train)\n",
    "print(f\"Number of training examples is: {m}\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Training example `x_i, y_i`\n",
    "\n",
    "You will use (x$^{(i)}$, y$^{(i)}$) to denote the $i^{th}$ training example. Since Python is zero indexed, (x$^{(0)}$, y$^{(0)}$) is (1.0, 300.0) and (x$^{(1)}$, y$^{(1)}$) is (2.0, 500.0). \n",
    "\n",
    "To access a value in a Numpy array, one indexes the array with the desired offset. For example the syntax to access location zero of `x_train` is `x_train[0]`.\n",
    "Run the next code block below to get the $i^{th}$ training example."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 5,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "(x^(0), y^(0)) = (1.0, 300.0)\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "i = 0 # Change this to 1 to see (x^1, y^1)\n",
    "\n",
    "x_i = x_train[i]\n",
    "y_i = y_train[i]\n",
    "print(f\"(x^({i}), y^({i})) = ({x_i}, {y_i})\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Plotting the data"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "You can plot these two points using the `scatter()` function in the `matplotlib` library, as shown in the cell below. \n",
    "- The function arguments `marker` and `c` show the points as red crosses (the default is blue dots).\n",
    "\n",
    "You can use other functions in the `matplotlib` library to set the title and labels to display"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 6,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
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\n",
      "text/plain": [
       "<Figure size 432x288 with 1 Axes>"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# Plot the data points\n",
    "plt.scatter(x_train, y_train, marker='x', c='r')\n",
    "# Set the title\n",
    "plt.title(\"Housing Prices\")\n",
    "# Set the y-axis label\n",
    "plt.ylabel('Price (in 1000s of dollars)')\n",
    "# Set the x-axis label\n",
    "plt.xlabel('Size (1000 sqft)')\n",
    "plt.show()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Model function\n",
    "\n",
    "<img align=\"left\" src=\"./images/C1_W1_L3_S1_model.png\"     style=\" width:380px; padding: 10px; \" > As described in lecture, the model function for linear regression (which is a function that maps from `x` to `y`) is represented as \n",
    "\n",
    "$$ f_{w,b}(x^{(i)}) = wx^{(i)} + b \\tag{1}$$\n",
    "\n",
    "The formula above is how you can represent straight lines - different values of $w$ and $b$ give you different straight lines on the plot. <br/> <br/> <br/> <br/> <br/> \n",
    "\n",
    "Let's try to get a better intuition for this through the code blocks below. Let's start with $w = 100$ and $b = 100$. \n",
    "\n",
    "**Note: You can come back to this cell to adjust the model's w and b parameters**"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 7,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "w: 100\n",
      "b: 100\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "w = 100\n",
    "b = 100\n",
    "print(f\"w: {w}\")\n",
    "print(f\"b: {b}\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Now, let's compute the value of $f_{w,b}(x^{(i)})$ for your two data points. You can explicitly write this out for each data point as - \n",
    "\n",
    "for $x^{(0)}$, `f_wb = w * x[0] + b`\n",
    "\n",
    "for $x^{(1)}$, `f_wb = w * x[1] + b`\n",
    "\n",
    "For a large number of data points, this can get unwieldy and repetitive. So instead, you can calculate the function output in a `for` loop as shown in the `compute_model_output` function below.\n",
    "> **Note**: The argument description `(ndarray (m,))` describes a Numpy n-dimensional array of shape (m,). `(scalar)` describes an argument without dimensions, just a magnitude.  \n",
    "> **Note**: `np.zero(n)` will return a one-dimensional numpy array with $n$ entries   \n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 8,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "def compute_model_output(x, w, b):\n",
    "    \"\"\"\n",
    "    Computes the prediction of a linear model\n",
    "    Args:\n",
    "      x (ndarray (m,)): Data, m examples \n",
    "      w,b (scalar)    : model parameters  \n",
    "    Returns\n",
    "      f_wb (ndarray (m,)): model prediction\n",
    "    \"\"\"\n",
    "    m = x.shape[0]\n",
    "    f_wb = np.zeros(m)\n",
    "    for i in range(m):\n",
    "        f_wb[i] = w * x[i] + b\n",
    "        \n",
    "    return f_wb"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Now let's call the `compute_model_output` function and plot the output.."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 9,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "image/png": 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wYRoXR5swYQLmzJmDiRMnApCvy/Pbb79h165dVX7IKD5LEAScPXsWgHzRt7fffhsJCQlISUnBa6+9BkdHR0RGRiI0NBQrVqzQ+viJqOVqWcGvzZKmWtq7dy+8vLyUj/v27YukpCS8++678PHxgb+/Pw4fPgypVIoffvgB8+bNQ0BAAPbt26cMbgDw9/fH559/juDgYOVKn08zefJkHD58GJMmTQIgX856xIgReO+996osWT158mR88cUXmDJlCiwtLQEAoaGh2LFjBwICAuDv749Tp05h8eLF8PHxwbx589QWciMi/dWyFmkLD9d8EXfxYp2tbtfScJE2opajpkXaWtYZfwMtaUpE1Jy1rIu7gPys3sCgXkuaEhG1ZC0v+AHRlzQlImrOmt1QjyAIqHxaazKqsyZ8qYeIdKzZnfFLJBLcunVLbR471Y8gCDAzM2vsMoiogTS74G/VqhU6dOjQ2GUQETVbzW6oh4iI6ofBT0SkZxj8RER6hsFPRKRnGPxERHqGwU9EpGdED/4VK1Yo+8laWFjA19cXvr6+uH37NgAgOjoaXl5eGD9+PIqLi8Uuh4hI74ka/GVlZUhNTVU+dnV1RUJCAhISEmBlZYXy8nKsXbsWiYmJmDFjBtatWydmOUREBJGDPzIyEjNnzlQ+PnfuHLy9vfHOO+9AEARkZGTA1dUVxsbGCAwMREpKipjlEBERRAz+8vJyHDp0CP7+/sptmZmZSExMRGFhIWJjY1FUVARzc3MA8mGgwsJCscohIqJHRAv+zZs3Y/r06WrbrKysYGBggODgYKSnp0MikSjH9YuLi6t0mSIiIt0TLfjPnz+PNWvWYMyYMTh79ixWrVql7E2bnJyMHj16wNnZGenp6ZDJZIiLi4NUKhWrHCIiekS0RdqWLl2q/Pvw4cPh4+MDDw8PmJmZoXv37ggPD4eRkRFmz54Nb29vWFpaIiYmRqxyiIjokWbXc5eIiDTTr567RERUoxqHesrKyvDbb7/h6NGjyMvLg6mpKXr37o1Ro0ahT58+DVEjERHpkMahnkWLFuH333+Ht7c3BgwYABsbG5SVleHChQs4fPgw7t69i88++wzu7u6iFMehHiKi2qspOzUGf3x8PPz8/J6688LCQly9ehVubm71LLN6DH4iotqrV/BXR+ywV8XgJyKqPZ1c3PX29kZJSQny8/MxYMAAvP7665g7d67uqiQiogajVfDfu3cP7dq1w7Zt2zB79mwkJCQgOTlZ7NqIiEgEWgV/RUUFDh06hKioKEyYMEG5jYiImh+tgv+rr77C559/jmeffRZubm64dOmSxou+RETUdNV4cVcmk+Hll1/Ghg0bGqomJV7cJSKqvXpf3DUyMkJeXh5KS0t1WxkRETUKrRZpa9++PQYMGIDRo0fDzMxMuf3TTz8VrTAiIhKHVsE/cuRIjBw5UuxaiIioAXB1TiKiFkYnN3Clp6dj7Nix6NatG+zt7ZVfRETU/Gg11PPyyy9jzZo1eOmll5CUlIQNGzagqKhI7NqIiEgEWt/ANWDAAMhkMpiZmSEsLAy//fab2LUREZEItDrjb9u2LcrLy+Hm5obw8HDY29vj7t27YtdGREQi0OqMPyoqChUVFVi9ejUEQcC5c+ewfft2sWsjIiIRcFYPEVELU1N2ahzqsbOzg4GBAQRBqPbP3Nxc3VdMRESi0hj8169fb6g6iIiogWgM/gMHDmh886hRo3RaDBERiU9j8P/4449Pfc7AwIDBT0TUDIl+cXfFihX45ZdfkJSUhGXLlmHXrl1wdHREVFQUTExMEB0djdWrV8PKygoxMTEwNzdXvpcXd4mIak8nSzZcuHABo0aNQufOndG5c2eMHj0aWVlZNb6vrKwMqampAID8/HzEx8cjKSkJbm5u2LlzJ8rLy7F27VokJiZixowZWLdunbbHRUREdaRV8M+aNQvz58/H1atXcfXqVcyfPx8vvvhije+LjIzEzJkzAQDHjh2Dr68vACAwMBApKSnIyMiAq6srjI2NlduIiEhcWgV/cXExgoKClI/HjBmD4uJije8pLy/HoUOH4O/vDwAoKipSDuNYWFigsLCw2m1ERCQurZZscHFxwVtvvYVp06bBwMAAW7ZsgYuLi8b3bN68GdOnT1c+lkgkyMnJASD/QSKRSCCRSJQ/QBTbiIhIXFqd8X/33XewtbXFJ598giVLlqBDhw747rvvNL7n/PnzWLNmDcaMGYOzZ8/ixIkTOHToEAAgLi4OUqkUzs7OSE9Ph0wmU24jIiJxNciSDcOHD0dSUhKWLl2K2NhYdOnSBVFRUWjVqhU2b96MNWvWwNLSEjExMWpXoDmrh4io9mrKTo3B361bNxgYGDx15xcvXqxneZox+ImIaq9ea/X8/fffEAQBn3zyCWxtbTF16lQIgoCtW7fWeHGXiIiaJq2Gevr376+cj68wZMgQHDt2TLTCAJ7xExHVhU5u4Grfvj2++eYbFBQUoKCgAKtXr4aZmZnuqiQiogajVfBv2bIFZ8+eRWBgIAIDA3Hu3Dls3bpV7NqIiEgEbMRCRNTC6GSoh4iIWg4GPxGRntEY/NOmTQMA/Pe//22QYoiISHwa5/GnpqbizJkz2LhxI5599lk8eTnA2dlZ1OKIiEj3NF7c3bJlCzZu3IikpCQMHjxY/Y0GBjh48KCoxfHiLhFR7dVryQaFpUuXYuHChbqtTAsMfiKi2tNJ8N+/fx+rVq1CUlISAPmia2+88QbatGmjw1KrYvATEdWeTqZzvvTSSygqKsJnn32GiIgIFBcXY9asWbqrkoiIGoxWjVj+/vtvbNmyRfnYzc0N7u7uohVFRETi0eqM39zcHHv27FE+3rt3r7JlIhERNS9ajfFnZWXh9ddfx19//QVDQ0P0798fq1atQo8ePUQtjmP8RES1p5OLu42FwU9EVHtcq4eIiNQw+ImI9AyDn4hIz2gV/G+++SZKSkpQVlYGPz8/2NnZYcOGDWLXRkREItAq+OPj49GuXTvs2rULffr0QVZWFr744guxayMiIhFoFfwPHjxAWVkZtm3bhueeew5t27YVuy4iIhKJVsE/Z84cdO7cGSUlJfDz88OVK1fQrl07sWsjIiIR1Hkef0VFBYyNtVrxoc44j5+IqPZqyk6NyS0IArZt24a9e/ciNzcXAGBnZ4dx48bhueee0/jB6enpCA0NhZGREZycnPD9999DIpFgwIABAIBffvkFVlZWiI6OxurVq2FlZYWYmBguBUFEJDKNZ/wzZ86EsbExpk+fDgcHBwBATk4OYmJi8PDhQ2zevPmpOy4vL4eJiQkAYNasWXjttdcwf/585dLOitf4+/sjPj4e27dvx5UrV7BgwQLl8zzjJyKqvXqd8f/555/IyMhQ29a7d28EBATU2HZREfoA0Lp1a3Tu3Bnnzp2Dt7c3hg0bhoiICGRkZMDV1RXGxsYIDAxEaGioVgdFRER1p/Hirp2dHSIjI3Hv3j3ltnv37mH9+vWwtbWtcee7d+9Gv379cPPmTbRv3x6ZmZlITExEYWEhYmNjUVRUpBzasbCwQGFhYT0Ph4iIaqIx+Ldt24b//e9/GDhwIDp16oROnTph0KBBOHfuHLZt21bjzidOnIj09HQ4ODhgz549sLKygoGBAYKDg5Geng6JRILi4mIAQHFxMSQSiW6OioiInkrjUI+NjQ1WrFiBFStW1HrHZWVlaN26NQD5ev6tWrWCTCaDkZERkpOT4erqCmdnZ6Snp0MmkyEuLg5SqbRuR0FERFqrcT7m8ePHq53VM2TIEI3v27dvn/IHRs+ePWFnZwcPDw+YmZmhe/fuCA8Ph5GREWbPng1vb29YWloiJiZGB4dERESaaJzV88477+DEiROYNm2a2qyeH3/8EYMGDcLSpUtFLY6zeoiIaq9ejVicnZ2rzOoB5PP7nZ2dkZmZqaMyq8fgJyKqvXo1YmnXrh3i4uKqbI+Li+OSDUREzZTGMf4tW7Zg4cKFmDVrFmxsbCAIAm7duoXBgwfjxx9/bKgaiYhIh7Raq0cQBBQUFAAA2rdvDwMDA9ELAzjUQ0RUF/W6cxcA8vLysG/fPrVZPWPGjIGdnZ0OyyQiooaicYz/yy+/xMiRI5GVlQUrKytYWVnh4sWLGDVqFL788suGqpGIiHSoxlk9Z8+eVVt3B5DfnOXq6lrtjB9d4lAPEVHt1WtWj4mJCS5evFhl+6VLl0Rfi5+IiMShMb0jIyMREhICIyMj5Q1c165dQ2VlJSIjIxukQCIi0i2tZvXk5uYqL+7a29vD3t5e9MIADvUQEdVFvWf1ANWHfXp6Ovr161fP8oiIqKFp1Wy9OmPHjtVlHURE1EA0nvFPnz692u2CIOD27duiFEREROLSGPz79u3D5s2b8cwzz6htFwQBBw8eFLUwIiISh8bgDwgIQLt27TBixIgqz3l4eIhWFBERiUerWT2NhbN6iIhqr143cBERUcvD4Cci0jMMfiIiPaP1gjulpaW4fv06KioqlNucnZ1FKYqIiMSjVfB/+umnWLt2Lbp3765swmJgYMApnUREzZBWwb9x40acP38ebdq0EbseIiISmVZj/L169UJZWZnYtRARUQPQ6oz/4cOH6NOnD7y8vNC6dWvl9piYGNEKIyIicWgV/O+++67YdRARUQPRGPwVFRUwNjaGp6dnrXecnp6O0NBQGBkZwcnJCd9//z2WL1+OXbt2wdHREVFRUTAxMUF0dDRWr14NKysrxMTEwNzcvM4HoxQeDvTqBfzzn8CWLcD588CHH9Z/v0RELYDGMf7g4GAA8jH+3r17K78UjzXp1asXjhw5gsOHDwMATpw4gfj4eCQlJcHNzQ07d+5EeXk51q5di8TERMyYMQPr1q2r/xEtXiz/CgkBgoPlfyq2ERE1cUVFwIEDwJUr4n2GxjP+PXv2AJD32K0t1QbtrVu3RkZGBnx9fQEAgYGBiImJQd++feHq6gpjY2MEBgYiNDS01p+jJjxc/gUAlZXArl3qzxkY8MyfiJqMigrgzBkgJQU4elT+9fff8ue++AL4v/8T53M1Bv+BAwcwatSopz5/69YtXL16FQMGDKj2+d27d+M///kPnJ2dUVFRoRzGsbCwQGFhIYqKiqpsq5devQBDQ3noP8nQUP48EVEjuXZNHu6KoD9xAigtrf61R4+KV4fG4D927Bg+/PBDeHp6wt3dHdbW1igrK8PFixeRmJgIQRDw6aefPvX9EydOxMSJEzFv3jwYGxujuLgYAFBcXAyJRAKJRFJlW70oxvRVz/QVJkyQP09E1ADu3QNOnnwc8ikpwKPW5VpJSRGvNo3B//7772PhwoWIi4tDSkoKkpOTYWpqit69e2PlypXo3r37U99bVlamnPppbm4OmUyGQ4cO4e2330ZcXBykUimcnZ2Rnp4OmUym3FYvW7YAsbHVPxcbK3+e4U9EOlZZKZ9Dojpkc+YMIJPVfl8GBkC/fsDQofKhIGOtF9bRXo27NDExQVBQEIKCgmq143379mHFihUAgJ49e2LJkiW4fv06hg8fji5duuCNN96AiYkJZs+eDW9vb1haWtb/voDz56sf5gEe/5chIqqnW7fUh2yOHQNUlsCvlY4dAalU/jV0KDB4MNCunW7rfVLLa8SyeLH8Qq6hoXx4JzZWHvoffsiZPURUa2VlQGqq+pDNxYt125epKTBwoDzgFUHfpYv8LF+XaspOEX6JaGSLF8u/i5zHT0S1JAhAdrZ6yJ8+DTx8WLf99eypHvJubkCrVjotuU5a3hk/EZGW7twBjh9/PC6fkgLk59dtX5aWwJAhj0N+yBCgfXvd1qstnZzxnz59Gq+++iry8/ORlZWFM2fOICYmBhEREbqrlIhIRDIZcPas+tn8uXPys/zaMjaWn70rQn7oUPnZvWEzaW2l1Rm/p6cnYmJiMHnyZJw+fRoA0K9fP6Snp4taHM/4iaiucnPVz+RPnJBPsayLzp3Vh2wGDgTattVtvbqkkzP+yspKdOvWTW2bkZFRPUsjItKN0lL5nHnVmTZXr9ZtX2Zm8pk1qmfz9va6rbexaRX8PXv2VC7fkJeXh6+//hoDBw4UtTAioupUVgKZmepn82lp8jnvtWVgAPTpox7yLi7izJ1vSpnTC4kAABKQSURBVLQa6rl79y6WLFmCP/74A4B8rZ0PPvgAZmZmohbHoR4iKiiQz5NXhPyxY0BdV3exsVEPeQ8PoCVGS03ZqVXwy2SyKkM71W3TNQY/kX55+FB+9q46ZJOZWbd9tWr1eM68Yny+a1fdz5lvinQyxu/t7Y19+/YpF1S7c+cOxo4di+TkZB2VSUT6RhDkSw+rhvypU8CDB3XbX/fuj8/mpVKgf39ApWEgqdAq+O/fv6/WIMXCwgL36np5nIj0UkmJfGaNatDn5dVtX+bm6mfyQ4bIh3FIO1oFv0QiQWJiIkaMGAEASExM1E2nLCJqkWQy+Rx51ZA/e/bpS2lpYmgonzOvGvSKFdipbrQK/jVr1mDmzJm4e/cuAKBdu3bYuHGjqIURUfNx44Z6yB8/Lj/Drwt7e/Uhm0GD5FMsSXdqtWRDyaP/ku3EXjruEV7cJWp6HjyQr1+jugRxdnbd9tWmjXzOvOrNUZ066bRcvVSvi7tff/01wsLC8O6778KgmkvhmpqwEFHzJwhAVpb62fxffwHl5XXbX+/e6iHfrx+g0qWVGojG4Hd0dASAGhurE1HLUFQknyevejZfUFC3fbVvrz4u7+EhX8iMGp/G4J8wYQJkMhkSEhKwYcOGhqqJiBrAk42+U1Lq3qvIxARwd1c/m+/RQz/mzDdHNV7cNTIyQl5eHkpLS9GmTZuGqImIRHDtmvqZvKZG3zXp2lU95AcMkDcZoeZBq1k97du3x4ABAzB69Gi1ZRo4xk/UNN2793jOfF0afatq104+TKO61EHHjrqtlxqWVsE/cuRIjBw5UuxaiKgOnmz0nZICpKfXrdG3oaF8kTLVs/k+fQAuxtuy1Bj8O3bsQH5+Pvr27YuxY8c2RE1EpEF+vvqZ/PHjdW/0bWurHvIN0eibGp/G4A8NDUVmZiakUik++ugj/Pnnn1iyZElD1Uak98rK5NMnVYO+vo2+VYdsxGj0TU2fxhu4+vXrh7S0NBgaGqK0tBTDhg3DqVOnGqw43sBF+kSMRt+qId9UGn2T+Op1A1erVq1g+GhBDM7oIdIt1UbfirBvCY2+qenTGPxnzpyB/aOeY4IgoKCgAPb29hAEAQYGBsit6zQBIj1TUSFfpEw15HXV6FsqlZ/dc8iGtKUx+Mvrel82kZ7TdaNv1SGbpt7om5o+0TpLHj16FPPnz4eRkREGDx6MlStXwsLCAgMGDAAA/PLLL7CyskJ0dDRWr14NKysrxMTEcLlnanbu35c3ENFVo28Pj8ch3xIbfVPjEy34HR0dcfDgQZiamiIkJARnzpyBq6srEhISlK8pLy/H2rVrkZiYiO3bt2PdunVYsGCBWCUR1Ztqo29FyOuq0bdUCvTt2/IbfVPjE+1/MVtb28cfYmwMIyMjnDt3Dt7e3hg2bBgiIiKQkZEBV1dXGBsbIzAwEKGhoWKVQ1QnikbfipDXVaNvqVQ+Z56T1agxiH5ukZaWhlu3bqFv377IzMyEpaUlXnnlFcTGxqJ9+/bKoR0LCwsU1vVfFJEOsNE36QtRg//27dsICwvDTz/9BACwsrICAAQHB+P06dOYNGkSiouLAQDFxcWQSCRilkOkVF2j75Mn5TdM1UWPHuohz0bf1JSJFvwVFRV4/vnnsWzZMtja2uLevXswNTWFkZERkpOT4erqCmdnZ6Snp0MmkyEuLg5SqVSsckjPKRp9q65OWddG3xYW8nnybPRNzZVowf/zzz/j+PHjWLhwIQAgIiICc+fOhZmZGbp3747w8HAYGRlh9uzZ8Pb2hqWlJWJiYsQqh/SIotG3asjrotG3Ynyejb6puatVz92GxiUbSBtiNPpWhDwbfVNzVK8lG4iamicbfaekAJcv121fbPRN+orBT02WotG36pANG30T1R+Dn5qMwkL5PHlFyOui0bci5Nnom+gxBj81CjEafauuZ8NG30RPx+CnBqHa6DslRT5nno2+iRoHg590TrXRtyLs2eibqOlg8FO9VFYCf/+tvgRxfRt9q4Y8G30T6R6Dn2rlyUbfx44Bj1bdqDVbW/WQZ6NvoobB4KenUm30rRiy0VWjb6lU3mCEF2CJGh6DnwDI58xfuqQe8rpq9C2Vypc94Jx5oqaBwa+ndN3oW7VjFBt9EzVtDH49oOtG3/37qy9BzEbfRM0Lg78FUjT6VoS8rhp9S6Xycfo2bXRbLxE1LAZ/M6do9K26no0uGn0rwt7OTrf1ElHjY/A3I4pG36ohn5patznzBgbyxt6qQzZs9E2kH/jPvAl7stH30aNAUVHd9tWhg3rIe3gAj9odE5GeYfA3EYpG36ohr4tG34ohGzb6JiIFBn8jUDT6Vg15XTT6VoQ8G30TkSYM/gZQUvJ4zrxits2NG3XbFxt9E1F9Mfh17MlG3ykp8jn0dZkzb2QEuLqy0TcR6RaDv57y8tTP5I8fB+7erdu+HBzUQ56NvolIDAz+WnjwQD5nXjXo69voW3V1Sjb6JqKGwOB/CkEALlxQD/nU1Po1+lYNeVdXzpknosbB6HlEtdG3Yp35+jT6Vg35IUMAiUS39RIR1ZVeBn95ubzRt+p6Nrpq9C2VAt27c848ETVdogX/0aNHMX/+fBgZGWHw4MFYuXIlli1bhl27dsHR0RFRUVEwMTFBdHQ0Vq9eDSsrK8TExMBchNtJdd3oWzXk3d3Z6JuImhcDQajLRMOa5eXlQSKRwNTUFCEhIXjllVcQERGBX3/9FUuXLkX37t0RHBwMf39/xMfHY/v27bhy5QoWLFig3MedO3eUf7ewsKjV59+7B8yYUf9G34o582z0TUTNRU3ZKdoZv62t7eMPMTZGWloafH19AQCBgYGIiYlB37594erqCmNjYwQGBiI0NFRnn9+2LXDkiPY3ShkaAv36qa9n07s3G30TUcsj+hh/Wloabt26BYlEAqNHKWphYYHCwkIUFRUph3YU23TFwEAe4Lt3V/+8aqNvqVQ+tfKZZ3T28URETZaowX/79m2EhYXhp59+wsmTJ5GTkwMAKC4uhkQigUQiQXFxsdo2XVIEv6mp/GYo1Zuj2OibiPSVaDf/V1RU4Pnnn8eyZctga2sLDw8PHDp0CAAQFxcHqVQKZ2dnpKenQyaTKbfp0owZ8u5TxcVAUhLw+efAP/4BdOnC0Cci/SXaGf/PP/+M48ePY+HChQCAiIgIjBgxAsOHD0eXLl3wxhtvwMTEBLNnz4a3tzcsLS0RExOj0xo6d5Z/ERHRY6LN6tGF+szqISLSVzVlJ9d5JCLSMwx+IiI9w+AnItIzDH4iIj3TbBZpU71YQUREdcczfiIiPcPgJyLSM016Hj8REekez/iJiPRMiwn+3NxcDBw4EKampqioqKjynL+/P7y8vBAXF9dIFeqepmMODw+Hp6cnPD098ccffzRShbqn6ZgBQBAE9O/fH5GRkY1Qne5pOt4HDx7gX//6F/z9/TFv3rxGqlD3NB3zoUOHMHToUEilUqxdu7aRKtS9o0ePwsvLC97e3pg/f77ac6Lkl9BClJaWCrdv3xZ8fHyE8vJytefmzZsnJCcnCyUlJYKPj0/jFCgCTcd88eJFQRAEobCwUPD29m6M8kSh6ZgFQRB27twpBAYGCt9++20jVKd7mo536dKlQlxcXCNVJh5NxzxhwgTh8uXLgkwmE4YMGdJIFere9evXhdLSUkEQBGH69OlCWlqa8jkx8qvFnPGbmprC0tKy2ufS0tLg6emJZ555Bu3atUNJSUkDVycOTcfcrVs3AEDr1q1h0IKWItV0zADw448/YurUqQ1Ykbg0HW9CQgJ2794NX19f7H5a44lmSNMxu7i44M6dOygrK4OZmVkDVyYeW1tbmD7q4WpsbKzsXQKIk18tJvg1kclkyvDTdcOXpm7x4sWYM2dOY5fRIPbv3w8fHx8YGzeb21PqJSsrC+PGjcPevXuxZMmSaoe+Wprg4GCMHz8evXv3RkhISGOXo3OKxlV9+/ZVbhMjv/Qi+FV/eorR8KWp2rFjBwoKCjB9+vTGLqVBREZGYtasWY1dRoOxsLCAj48PzMzM4OTkhBva9hltxhYsWICkpCRkZmZi06ZNuH//fmOXpDOKxlXfffed2nYx8ksvTo3c3Nzw559/ws3NDcXFxcp2jy1ZWloaVq9ejb179zZ2KQ0mMzMTwcHByMnJgSAIGD58OHr37t3YZYnGy8sLaWlpGDhwILKzs2FjY9PYJYnOyMgIEokErVq1gqGhIcrLyxu7JJ14snGVKlHySydXCpqAhw8fCgEBAYJEIhH8/f2FlJQUISwsTBAEQbh69arg5+cnSKVSYf/+/Y1cqe5oOuZRo0YJ/fr1E3x8fISJEyc2cqW6o+mYFTZs2NBiLu5qOt7c3Fxh5MiRwtChQ4XIyMhGrlR3NB3zb7/9JgwZMkSQSqVCeHh4I1eqOzExMYK1tbXg4+Mj+Pj4CEeOHBE1v3gDFxGRntGLMX4iInqMwU9EpGcY/EREeobBT0SkZxj8RER6hsFPzcaiRYvg4uICV1dXeHl54e7du8jNzcULL7xQ730vWbIE+/btAwBERESgS5cuVeZT37x5EyNGjICTkxNmzJgBmUwGACgtLcXEiRPRs2dPBAUF4e7duwCAyspKvPzyy3BycoKXlxdyc3PrXedzzz2H/v37Izo6GsuXL1duv3DhAmbOnFnv/ZN+YPBTs3DkyBEcOXIEqampOHPmDDZt2gQTExPY29tj06ZN9dr3w4cPsWfPHowZMwYAMHLkSKSkpFR5XUREBEJCQnDhwgWYmJhg27ZtAID169fDxcUFmZmZ8PT0xOrVqwEAsbGxuHfvHi5cuIBXXnkFS5YsqVedeXl5yMrKQmpqKkJCQtSC38nJCbdu3cLVq1fr9RmkHxj81Cxcv34dNjY2ynV4nJyc0Lp1a2RnZ0MqlQIAxo4dC3d3d7i7u8PU1BSpqakoKSlBSEgIPDw8MHToUJw8ebLKvuPi4uDp6al8PHjwYNjb21d53d69e5XLX0yfPl15V/SePXvw/PPPa9w+ZcoU7N+/v8o+ExIS4OrqCnd3dwwbNgwAcO/ePTz77LNwcXHB3Llzlb95jB8/HhkZGXB3d8eUKVNQUFAAd3d35TK+QUFB+Pnnn2v7rSV9pJPbwIhEdufOHaFPnz6Cm5ub8O9//1tIT08XBEEQLl26JAwdOlTttbt37xYCAgIEmUwmLFiwQNi1a5cgCIKQlZVV7VK+H3zwgbBhw4Yq2zt27Kj22N7eXvn3//3vf0JAQIAgCILQt29fobCwUBAEQbh//77Qo0cPQRAEYezYscLp06eV73FwcBAqKyvV9jl+/Hjh4MGDgiAIQlFRkSAI8uWW33rrLUEQBCE2NlZQ/DN98lifrC85OVmYMmVKleMgehLP+KlZMDc3x19//YXPPvsMZWVl8PT0xJkzZ6q87vLly3jnnXcQHR0NQ0ND/PHHH/jggw/g7u6OyZMnV7uQWV5eHqytrXVSZ22XwPby8sLChQvxzTffoKysDIB8WEuxtPT48ePRtm1brfZlY2ODvLy82hVMekkvFmmjlqFVq1YICgpCUFAQKisrsX//fjz33HPK58vLyzFt2jR8/fXX6NixIwB5R67ffvut2qEbBVNTU2XoamJmZoaSkhK0a9cOOTk5sLOzAwDY29sjJycHEokE165dq7Ld3d0dDx48QKtWrar8YHj33XcRFBSEPXv2wMPDA6dOnYJQx1VUysrKlGu6E2nCM35qFs6fP49Lly4BkK9keP78eXTu3FntNQsWLMDYsWPh5+en3BYYGKi82ArIVy19Uu/evXHx4sUaawgKCkJMTAwAICYmBuPGjQMgv7bwww8/aNz+008/YdSoUVX2efHiRbi7u+P999+Ho6Mjrl69imHDhmHr1q0A5NcJnrb0sIGBASorK5WPL1y40KJXIyXdYfBTs3D37l1MmzYNLi4ucHNzQ69evfCPf/xD7TWrVq3CTz/9pLzAe/78eSxatAg5OTlwc3ND3759ER0dXWXfo0ePxuHDh5WPP/74Y3Tq1An5+fno1KkT1q1bBwD4z3/+gx9++AFOTk4oKytT/rYxZ84cpKenw8nJCUeOHMHcuXMBAJMmTUKbNm3Qo0cPrFmzBh988EGVz16xYoXymFxcXNC/f3/MnTsXFy5cwIABA3Do0CHlby9Pmj59Ovr166e8uJuYmIjRo0fX4btL+oarcxJBPpb+/fffo0OHDo1dShW2trY1jt1XVFTAz88P8fHxetOBjOqOwU8E+RBQeXk5Bg0a1NilVKFN8F++fBlZWVnw9/dvoKqoOWPwExHpGY7xExHpGQY/EZGeYfATEekZBj8RkZ5h8BMR6RkGPxGRnvl/YAYw2WFJiVEAAAAASUVORK5CYII=\n",
      "text/plain": [
       "<Figure size 432x288 with 1 Axes>"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "tmp_f_wb = compute_model_output(x_train, w, b,)\n",
    "\n",
    "# Plot our model prediction\n",
    "plt.plot(x_train, tmp_f_wb, c='b',label='Our Prediction')\n",
    "\n",
    "# Plot the data points\n",
    "plt.scatter(x_train, y_train, marker='x', c='r',label='Actual Values')\n",
    "\n",
    "# Set the title\n",
    "plt.title(\"Housing Prices\")\n",
    "# Set the y-axis label\n",
    "plt.ylabel('Price (in 1000s of dollars)')\n",
    "# Set the x-axis label\n",
    "plt.xlabel('Size (1000 sqft)')\n",
    "plt.legend()\n",
    "plt.show()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "As you can see, setting $w = 100$ and $b = 100$ does *not* result in a line that fits our data. \n",
    "\n",
    "### Challenge\n",
    "Try experimenting with different values of $w$ and $b$. What should the values be for a line that fits our data?\n",
    "\n",
    "#### Tip:\n",
    "You can use your mouse to click on the green \"Hints\" below to reveal some hints for choosing b and w."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "<details>\n",
    "<summary>\n",
    "    <font size='3', color='darkgreen'><b>Hints</b></font>\n",
    "</summary>\n",
    "    <p>\n",
    "    <ul>\n",
    "        <li>Try $w = 200$ and $b = 100$ </li>\n",
    "    </ul>\n",
    "    </p>"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Prediction\n",
    "Now that we have a model, we can use it to make our original prediction. Let's predict the price of a house with 1200 sqft. Since the units of $x$ are in 1000's of sqft, $x$ is 1.2.\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 10,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "$340 thousand dollars\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "w = 200                         \n",
    "b = 100    \n",
    "x_i = 1.2\n",
    "cost_1200sqft = w * x_i + b    \n",
    "\n",
    "print(f\"${cost_1200sqft:.0f} thousand dollars\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# Congratulations!\n",
    "In this lab you have learned:\n",
    " - Linear regression builds a model which establishes a relationship between features and targets\n",
    "     - In the example above, the feature was house size and the target was house price\n",
    "     - for simple linear regression, the model has two parameters $w$ and $b$ whose values are 'fit' using *training data*.\n",
    "     - once a model's parameters have been determined, the model can be used to make predictions on novel data."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": []
  }
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