[c++] Remap indexes even if no new enums were added

[nguyenv]

Issue and/or context:

#2989 (comment)

Changes:

Always call remap indexes even if no new enumerations were added. These were done correctly in the specialized templates for string and Boolean types but needed to be added for the general case as well. Also add unit tests in Python to check for string and integer category value types.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests ✅

Project coverage is 89.79%. Comparing base (e7a21fd) to head (01e38e2).
Report is 1 commits behind head on main.

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main    #2993      +/-   ##
==========================================
+ Coverage   89.64%   89.79%   +0.14%     
==========================================
  Files          39       39              
  Lines        4096     4096              
==========================================
+ Hits         3672     3678       +6     
+ Misses        424      418       -6     

Flag	Coverage Δ
python	89.79% <ø> (+0.14%)	⬆️

Flags with carried forward coverage won't be shown. Click here to find out more.

Components	Coverage Δ
python_api	89.79% <ø> (+0.14%)	⬆️
libtiledbsoma	∅ <ø> (∅)

[johnkerl]

🚢
Thank you thank you!!! :)