| lsblk | list all partiation |
| mkfs | format partiation |
| fdisk | manage partiation |
|---|
lsblk sudo umount.... format the partation: sudo mkfs -t ext4 /dev/sda1 sudo mkfs -t ext4 /dev/sda2 sudo mkfs -t ext4 /dev/sda sudo dd if=.../ubuntu-20.04.3-desktop-amd64.iso of=/dev/sda bs=4M status=progress && sync resize the host .... sudo mkfs -t ext4 /dev/sda sudo fdisk -l sudo fdisk /dev/sda -> m, g, n, 1, Enter, w sudo dd if=/dev/nvm..p1 of=/dev/sda1 sudo dd if=/dev/nvm..p3 of=/dev/sda2 from windows: Rufus Disk can delete all partation in linux lsblk -f sudo mkfs -t ext4 /dev/sda from Linux: sudo dd if=~/Downloads/ubuntu-20.04.3-desktop-amd64.iso of=/dev/sda bs=4M status=progress && sync
one step to backup in USB
sudo dd if=/dev/nvmxx2 of=/dev/sda2 bs=4M status=progress && sync
old setting insert SSD usb $ lsblk
check the partition of whole disk
$ sudo fdisk -l
check the detail partation
$ sudo mkfs -t ext4 /dev/sda
format sda disk (can also for partition )
$ sudo fdisk /dev/sda
make new partiation distribation for backup
$ sudo dd if=/dev/nvmxx2 of=/dev/sda2 bs=4M status=progress && sync
backup the whole system disk into sda2 backup partition
$ disk resize the restore partation
this step can open the Disks in APP, and resize the system disk, better if the system disk is 10GB bigger than the backup partition. Later for backup again, don't forget resize it back to backup again
$ sudo mkfs -t ext4 /dev/nvmxxx2
clean the system partition
$ sudo dd if=/dev/sda2 of=/dev/nvmxx2 bs=4M status=progress && sync
should be just fine
for error : Minimal BASH-like line editing is supported......
grub > ls grub > ls (hd0,gptXX)/boot/grub
if XX partation returns many file, one is with grub.cfg, this is the one we want
grub > set root=(hd0,gptXX) grub > set prefix=(hd0,gptXX)/boot/grub grub > normal
enter the system
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:yannubuntu/boot-repair sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get install boot-repair sudo grub-install /dev/where EFI partation is
1. WIN+R diskpart 2. select disk (Disk) 3. clean 4. new add
- 下载ubuntu
- 下载USBwriter并安装
- 写入系
my computer : F12
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:graphics-drivers/ppa
sudo apt update
ubuntu-drivers devices
sudo apt-get --reinstall install nvidia-430
1. will be asked for password
2. reboot
3. select Enroll MOK -> continue -> Yes -> Roboot
nvidia-sim
watch -n 1 nvidia-smi
export LC_CTYPE=zh_CN.UTF-8 sudo apt-get -y install language-pack-zh-hans 此应用压制中英文的同步变化, 尽量避免使用中文
NowSat Nov 5 12:29:50 2022, I just configured my computer for a time screensaver.
- link
- go the the link, for me only work with building from source, don’t forget the dependence.
- after install it add following into ~/.xscreensaver under section of programs:
gluqlo -root \n\ - install Xscreensaver if not with following, but before that, delete gnome-screensaver if exist.
sudo apt-get install xscreensaver xscreensaver-data-extra xscreensaver-gl-extra - start Screensaver application, find the Gluqlo, and set it to be the only one, more setting is option
- start startup application, add one as following, name and comment is as well(liberty)command is this: xscreensaver -nosplash
- lauch keyshort, add keyshort as following, key combination is as personal wish
xscreensaver-command -lock - change Wayland to xorg
- sudo apt install xorg
- sudo nano /etc/gdm3/custom.conf
- WaylandEnable=false
- now test the keyshort
ps -aux |grep mongo
netstat -nap |grep 80sudo apt install firewalld add port : sudo firewall-cmd –add-port=80/tcp –permanent sudo firewall-cmd –remove-port=80/tcp –permanent restart firewall: sudo firewall-cmd –reload check port: sudo firewall-cmd –list-all
systemctl status firewalld systemctl stop firewalld systemctl disable firewalld systemctl enable firewalld
1. $ xinput list Find the Touchpad and its NAME and ID 2. $ xinput set-prop 'NAME' 'Device Enabled' 0 to close the Touchpad 3. but with following can be named as tpOn and tpOff in ./bashrc alias tpOff="xinput set-prop 'SYNA1D31:00 06CB:CD48 Touchpad' 'Device Enabled' 0" alias tpOn="xinput set-prop 'SYNA1D31:00 06CB:CD48 Touchpad' 'Device Enabled' 1" 4. Close Touchpad default in boost system the following in ~/.config/autostart/xinput.desktop
[Desktop Entry] Type=Application Exec=xinput set-prop 'SYNA1D31:00 06CB:CD48 Touchpad' 'Device Enabled' 0 Hidden=false NoDisplay=false X-GNOME-Autostart-enabled=true Name[zh_CN]=touchpad enable Name=touchpad enable
Thunderbird
[Desktop Entry] Type=Application Exec=/usr/bin/thunderbird Hidden=false NoDisplay=false X-GNOME-Autostart-enabled=true Name[en_US]=thunderbird Name=thunderbird Comment[en_US]=thunderbird Comment=thunderbird
在/etc/default/keyboard文件中添加:
XKBOPTIONS="ctrl:nocaps
or
setxkbmap -option ctrl:nocapssetting for 右键没反应 $ sudo add-apt-repository universe $ sudo apt install gnome-tweak-tool
gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.peripherals.touchpad click-method areas
| C-M- t | terminal |
| C-M- p | thunderbird |
| C-M- e | emacs |
| C-M- f | firefox |
| C-M- j | emacs windows switch |
| C-M- t | terminal |
| C-M- w | emacs worterbuch |
| C-M- t | terminal |
| C-M- t | terminal |
| Switch application | Alt + Tab |
| Switch window of an application | Alt + Spc |
| Alt Ctrl Del | 退出用户 |
in Einstellung, the executable command can be used in command for customized hotkey
this command has been added to the .bashrc of the /root. only root user can call this command
alias freemem="sync; echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches && swapoff -a && swapon -a && printf '\n%s\n' 'Ram-cache and Swap Cleared' "- find the executable files and icon
- create the desktop setting file: /usr/share/applications/myapp.desktop
- change the settings and make it executable +x
- new works as normal
#!/usr/bin/env xdg-open [Desktop Entry] Version=1.0 Type=Application Terminal=false Exec=/path/to/yourapp Name=YourApp Comment=Description of YourApp Icon=/path/to/yourapp.png
add-apt-repository ppa:ultradvorka/ppa apt-get update apt-get install hstr
the hh
- assigne permition for delete
chmod -R u+rwx /usr/users/szhao/go-workspace/pkg/mod- /ect/ssh/sshd_config
- AllowedUsers cloud silin, allow such user login remotely
S-C-c : can copy out from terminal S-C-v : can paste into terminal C-h : backwards to delete C-j : enter C-k : cut after C-u : cut before
fdisk -l fdisk /dev/nvme0n1p4 (m, p, n, ...) mkfs.ext4 /dev/nvme0n1p4 sudo emacs /etc/fstab /dev/nvme0n1p4 /home/silin/4GB ext4 defaults 0 0
in /etc/fstab, the command must be correct, otherwise the system can’t booted.
cat < source1.c >> source2.c (add source1.c to the end of source2.c)echo $PATH | tr \: \n
在~内找filename的文件 find ~ -name filename
找到.bash_history内带有”install”的内容 grep -n “install” .bash_history
copy 110.txt to 111.txt echo | cat 110.txt > 111.txt
> 擦除再写 >> 追加写入
读取.sdsv_history的不重复内容，再写入到.sdsv echo | sort -n .sdsv_history |uniq > .sdsv
tree -L 2 alias open='nautilus' open .
sudo apt list --installed | grep software whereis software sudo apt-get --purge remove software sudo apt-get autoremove
sudo passwd :to configure the password of root user
curl ifconfig.me
grep -n “xxx” ./test.txt sort (–reverse -t ” ” -k 3 ) test.csv
softlink
ln -s filename linkname // 快捷方式 ln -s sourcefile softlinkname filename加上绝对路径，linkname被移动后，仍能访问访问文件
hard link
ln filename linkname //硬链接 不占用磁盘空间，重复连接到文件的inode点。 可以在不同地方通过硬连接对文件进行操作
cd
delete the repeat : awk ‘!a[$0]++’ file.txt
| J | down |
| K | up |
| Space | next page |
| b | previous page |
| / | search |
| n | next mark |
| N | previous mark |
| q | quit |
|---|
include/head.h lib/ src/ 将在src/中编写要实现的文件 并编译这些文件 $ gcc *.c -c -I ../include/ -I :链接头文件 再将这些编译后的打包 $ ar rcs libtest.a *.o ar : -archive 打包 检测 : nm libtest.a 前缀lib 和后缀.a 不能更改，实际名字是test
最后将生成的libtest.a放到上级目录lib中， 可以将lib和include目录发送给甲方
根据include/head.h 的头文件编写自己的应用文件main.c 编译main.c并链接头文件和库 $ gcc main.c -I ./include/ -L ./lib/ -ltest -o app -I : 连接头文件 -L : 链接库 -ltest : 链接库文件，去头lib 去尾.a -o: 指点生成的应用名
优点： 加载块，移植方便 缺点 ：部署更新麻烦，引用的重复文件重复储存，浪费空间
编译 $ gcc *.c -c -fpic -I ../include -fpic 或者 fPIC : 特殊命令 打包 $ gcc -shared *.o -o libxxx.so 头lib 尾.so
使用和静态库相似， 根据头文件编写应用文件main.c $ gcc main.c -I ./inculde/ -L ./lib/ -lxxx -o app
对于linux生成的文件都是elf格式，并由ld-libc.so动态加载,需要让app能别找 到可以用环境变量或者配置文件
临时设置 $ export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=./lib 或者新增 $ export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=./lib:LD_LIBRARY_PATH
临时设置可以使用相对路径，
永久设置 用户 $ cat ” LD_LIBRARY_PATH=./lib:LD_LIBRARY_PATH” >> ~/.bashrc $ source ~./bashrc
永久设置 系统 $ sudo cat “LD_LIBRARY_PATH=./lib:LD_LIBRARY_PATH” >> /etc/profile $ source /etc/profile
配置文件/etc/ld.so.conf $ sudo cat “绝对路径/lib” >> /etc/ld.so.conf $ sudo ldconfig -v 激活配置
dlopen dlclose dlsym
ssh user@ip sshpass -p password ssh user@ip
ssh-keygen -r rsa and drei mal enter ssh-copy-id cloud@ip ssh-copy-id localhost(warming:username should not be hostname)
emacs /etc/ssh/sshd_config
- PermitRootLogin yes
- AllowUsers root OtherUser
comands xxx >> output file comands xxx &>> str error file
find . -type f -name "*.md" -exec sed -i 's/foo/bar/g' {} +
find . -type f -name "*.vue" -exec sed -i 's/store.state.Timer/store.state.Session01/g' {} +-x : extract -c: compose -v: show the process -z: with zip -f : such file
tar -zvcf xxx.tar.gz xxx
tar -zvxf xxx.tar.gz1. sudo apt install fcitx download sougou 2. sudo apt --fix-broken install(after download) 3. export LC_CTYPE=zh_CN.UTF-8 (for Emacs)
eog xxx.png to view png with bluit in software eog
sudo apt-get install okular F2 to constimizer F7 mode view C-gg to the page C-n page down C-p page up M-n scroll down M-p scroll up C-b C-b add Annoation, 1 to note SPC-b add bookmark SPC-SPC rename bookmark SPC-n bookmark down SPC-p bookmark up
sudo apt install xournal
evince xxx.pdf to view pdf file
download dictionaries from, http://download.huzheng.org/ and http://download.huzheng.org/zh_TW/ extract, and put them in usr/share/stardict/dic , if without this folder, create it with root
sudo apt install stardict
sudo apt install sdcv
cd ~/Dropbox/cs/Tools
bzip2 -dk *.bz2
for i in *.tar.bz2; do sudo tar -xjvf "$i" -C /usr/share/stardict/dic ; done
sudo apt install kmplayer
sudo apt install simplescreenrecorder alias ssr='simplescreenrecorder' $ ssr Ctrl + Shift + Alt + V start or pause
C-j moive to left C-k moive to right
登陆photopea网站后，新建并上传图片 设置白色背景：图像 -> 调整 -> 色阶 点击下面的白色 后点击要处理的图片区域 去背景 ： 魔术棒 ， 点击去连续， 再直接delete
after edit a file.dot
dot -Tpng -O file.dot
gpg --list-secret-keys gpg -r user -e xxx.file gpg -d xxx.file.gpg after change xxx.file :gpg --verify xxx.file.gpg
apt install
| 合并 | pdftk 1.pdf 2.pdf 3.pdf output 123.pdf |
| 多个不同页面合并 | pdftk A=1.pdf B=2.pdf C=pdf cat A1-2 B2-3 C3 output abc.pdf |
| 旋转第一页 | pdftk in.pdf cat 1E 2-end output out.pdf |
| 加密（128位） | pdftk a.pdf output b.pdf owner_pw pass |
| 加访问密码 | pdftk a.pdf output b.pdf user_pw pass |
| 解密 | pdftk a.pdf input_pw pass output b.pdf |
| 解压 | pdftk a.pdf output b.pdf uncompress |
| 压缩 | pdftk a.pdf output b.pdf compress |
| 修复 | pdftk a.pdf output b.pdf |
| 切割 | pdftk a.pdf cat 1-end output b.pdf |
| 分解成单页 | pdftk a.pdf burst |
|---|
kedconnect on linux kedconnect on android with the same internet connection can be found each other, and communication
The file can be found in Download folder of each devices
gs -dNOPAUSE -sDEVICE=pdfwrite -sOUTPUTFILE=CV.pdf -dBATCH CV.pdf
gs -sDEVICE=pdfwrite -dCompatibilityLevel=1.4 -dPDFSETTINGS=/prepress -dNOPAUSE -dQUIET -dBATCH -sOutputFile=compressed_PDF_file.pdf input_PDF_file.pdf
sudo apt install mpv
mpv.conf
no-osd-bar # 去掉白色进度条 save-position-on-quit # 关闭时记住文件播放位置 no-border # 去掉边框 # 解码-字幕 vo=opengl:gamma-auto:icc-profile-auto hwdec=auto autofit-larger=92% playcache=8192 lang=zh,chi video-sync=display-resample sub-codepage=enca:zh:utf8 sub-auto=fuzzy sub-text-font-size=40 sub-text-shadow-offset=0 sub-text-color="#ffffffff" sub-text-font="STZhongsong" sub-codepage=utf8:gb18030 screenshot-template=mpv-screenshot-%f-%p screenshot-format=png osd-font="STZhongsong" osd-font-size=36 --script=/Users/yourname/.config/mpv/autoload.lua
autoload.lua
-- This script automatically loads playlist entries before and after the
-- the currently played file. It does so by scanning the directory a file is
-- located in when starting playback. It sorts the directory entries
-- alphabetically, and adds entries before and after the current file to
-- the internal playlist. (It stops if the it would add an already existing
-- playlist entry at the same position - this makes it "stable".)
-- Add at most 5000 * 2 files when starting a file (before + after).
MAXENTRIES = 5000
function Set (t)
local set = {}
for _, v in pairs(t) do set[v] = true end
return set
end
EXTENSIONS = Set {
'mkv', 'avi', 'mp4', 'ogv', 'webm', 'rmvb', 'flv', 'wmv', 'mpeg', 'mpg', 'm4v', '3gp',
'mp3', 'wav', 'ogv', 'flac', 'm4a', 'wma',
}
mputils = require 'mp.utils'
function add_files_at(index, files)
index = index - 1
local oldcount = mp.get_property_number("playlist-count", 1)
for i = 1, #files do
mp.commandv("loadfile", files[i], "append")
mp.commandv("playlist-move", oldcount + i - 1, index + i - 1)
end
end
function get_extension(path)
match = string.match(path, "%.([^%.]+)$" )
if match == nil then
return "nomatch"
else
return match
end
end
table.filter = function(t, iter)
for i = #t, 1, -1 do
if not iter(t[i]) then
table.remove(t, i)
end
end
end
function find_and_add_entries()
local path = mp.get_property("path", "")
local dir, filename = mputils.split_path(path)
if #dir == 0 then
return
end
local pl_count = mp.get_property_number("playlist-count", 1)
if (pl_count > 1 and autoload == nil) or
(pl_count == 1 and EXTENSIONS[string.lower(get_extension(filename))] == nil) then
return
else
autoload = true
end
local files = mputils.readdir(dir, "files")
if files == nil then
return
end
table.filter(files, function (v, k)
local ext = get_extension(v)
if ext == nil then
return false
end
return EXTENSIONS[string.lower(ext)]
end)
table.sort(files, function (a, b)
local len = string.len(a) - string.len(b)
if len ~= 0 then -- case for ordering filename ending with such as X.Y.Z
local ext = string.len(get_extension(a)) + 1
return string.sub(a, 1, -ext) < string.sub(b, 1, -ext)
end
return string.lower(a) < string.lower(b)
end)
if dir == "." then
dir = ""
end
local pl = mp.get_property_native("playlist", {})
local pl_current = mp.get_property_number("playlist-pos", 0) + 1
-- Find the current pl entry (dir+"/"+filename) in the sorted dir list
local current
for i = 1, #files do
if files[i] == filename then
current = i
break
end
end
if current == nil then
return
end
local append = {[-1] = {}, [1] = {}}
for direction = -1, 1, 2 do -- 2 iterations, with direction = -1 and +1
for i = 1, MAXENTRIES do
local file = files[current + i * direction]
local pl_e = pl[pl_current + i * direction]
if file == nil or file[1] == "." then
break
end
local filepath = dir .. file
if pl_e then
-- If there's a playlist entry, and it's the same file, stop.
if pl_e.filename == filepath then
break
end
end
if direction == -1 then
if pl_current == 1 then -- never add additional entries in the middle
mp.msg.info("Prepending " .. file)
table.insert(append[-1], 1, filepath)
end
else
mp.msg.info("Adding " .. file)
table.insert(append[1], filepath)
end
end
end
add_files_at(pl_current + 1, append[1])
add_files_at(pl_current, append[-1])
end
mp.register_event("start-file", find_and_add_entries)
sudo apt-get install libmpv-dev mpv
Alt to open the menubar, Ansicht Anpassen to setting ungelesen
For Filter: cd ~/.thunderbird/4r373mm9.default-release/ImapMail/imap.gmail.com import msgFilterRules.dat to Gmail
Eversync sync all bookmarks between chrome and firefox with G Konten
download go-ipfs and untar cp ipfs /usr/local/bin and sudo ./install.sh sudo apt install ipfs ipfs init export EDITOR=/usr/bin/emacs ipfs config edit ipfs id ipfs help
mkdir IPFS echo "balabalu" > hallo.org ipfs add hallo.org :get file_hash ipfs cat file_hash ipfs.io/ipfs/file_hash
push
ipfs add -r . (we get all file_hash(s), and a folder_hash(IPFS)) ipfs name publish folder_hash (: to IDHASH) in Webborser: ipfs.io/ipns/IDHASH ipfs name resolve IDHASH : to HASH_file 特殊加密，暂时不用 ipfs key gen --type=rsa --size=2048 IPFS ipfs name publish --key=IPFS folder_hash
ipfs config --json API.HTTPHeaders.Access-Control-Allow-Methods '["PUT", "GET", "POST","OPTIONS"]' ipfs config --json API.HTTPHeaders.Access-Control-Allow-Origin '["*"]' ipfs config --json API.HTTPHeaders.Access-Control-Allow-Credentials '["true"]' ipfs config --json API.HTTPHeaders.Access-Control-Allow-Headers '["Authorization"]' ipfs config --json API.HTTPHeaders.Access-Control-Expose-Headers '["Location"]' http://localhost:5001/webui
ipfs files mkdir /Docu ipfs files ls /Docu ipfs file cp /ipfs/HASH
| terminal encrypt | gpg –recipient ID –output en.org –encrypt source.org |
| terminal decrypt | gpg en.org |
| emacs encrypt | epa-encrypt-file |
| emacs decrypt | epa-decrypt-file |
encrypt by terminal, once decrypt by emacs, just as normal file, can be edited anytime encrypt by emacs with password, passwd will be ask every time by after edit if epa-file-select-key is t
mount rsync
查看系统的磁盘 :lsblk 再将磁盘(也可以是某个分区)挂载到某个点 :
该磁盘可以是正在使用的磁盘或者分区
mount /dev/disk /media/Linux sudo mount /dev/sda1 /media/Backup rsync -aAXv --delete --exclude=media target backup/LinuxBackUp20200316 my opera rsync -aAXv /home/sx/ /media/sx/A672BA1B72B9EFE3/linuxbackup/home/
如果要恢复，重复上面的过程，再将target backup 交换
- systemlastanzeigen sudo apt install indicator-multiload
- dependence
sudo apt-get install gir1.2-gtop-2.0 gir1.2-networkmanager-1.0 gir1.2-clutter-1.0
- Ubuntu Software
search for : system moniter extension
- install and configure performance
hostnamectl hostnamectl set-hostname cat /etc/hostname cat /etc/hosts
sudo apt install fcitx download sougou for linux sudo dpkg -i sougou...... fcitx set global restart configuration to add sougou chinese
$ local -a |grep zh sudo apt-get -y install language-pack-zh-hans $ local -a |grep zh to see zh is installed
export LC_CTYPE=zh_CN.UTF-8 to language configuration and auto install drivers to zh_CN.UTF-8 so in emacs can input sougou, here we go
for a orgmode file with 汉字 pandoc xxxx.org -o xxxx.pdf pandoc xxxx.org -o xxxx.pdf –pdf-engine=xelatex 如果没有汉字支持
fc-list -f "%{family}\n" :lang=zh
pandoc test.org -o test.pdf --pdf-engine=xelatex -V mainfont="AR PL KaitiM GB"
找到支持的格式，再指明
| a | add new line(s) after match with context behind a |
| c | replace the current line in match with context behind c |
| i | add context behind i before match |
| s | repace |
| d | delete |
sed -rn ‘/2\/1/s/00/**/pg’ test2.csv
- sed:
- -rn : no default output and allow \
- ’ ’ : aufrufen
- /2\/1: reg pattern
- s: search
- 00: all 00
-****: will be replaced by**
- p: print
- g: global replace
- test2.csv: input file
sed ‘s/ //pg’ test2.csv
gcc 调用 make 来构造
目标 ： 依赖 Tab 命令
实列文件：add.c head.h main.c maul.c sub.c 直接在terminal 用gcc ：$ gcc add.c main.c sub.c -o app
Makefile : $ touch Makefile
app: main.c add.c sub.c mul.c
gcc main.c add.c sub.c mul.c $ make
Makefile : $ touch Makefile
app: main.o add.o sub.o mul.o
gcc main.o add.o sub.o mul.o -o app
main.o: main.c
gcc -c main.c -o main.o
add.o: add.c
gcc -c add.c -o add.o
sub.o: sub.c
gcc -c sub.c -o sub.o
mul.o: mul.c
gcc -c mul.c -o mul.o
$ make 所有源文件的修改过，即时间戳晚于生成的目标文件，则重新编译
obj = main.o add.o sub.o mul.o
target = app
$(target):$(obj)
gcc $(obj) -o $(target) // gcc $^ -o $@
%.o:%.c
gcc -c $< -o $@
$ make
wildcard :查找指定目录下的指定类型文件 src = $(wildcard ./*.c) 将当前目录下所有的.c 找到，并赋给src
patsubst :匹配替换
obj =
Makefile : $ touch Makefile
src = $(wildcard ./*.c)
obj = $(patsubst %.c, %.o $(src))
target = app
$(target):$(obj)
gcc $^ -o $@
%.o:%.c
gcc -c $< -o $@
$ make 此文件在别的目录下也能使用
make 一般直接执行终结目标，但是可以直接指定make的函数 clean : 删除不必要的文件，-f : 强制删除，不管有没有该文件，- : 前置-后，遇到错误执行，直接跳过
src = $(wildcard ./*.c)
obj = $(patsubst %.c, %.o $(src))
target = app
$(target):$(obj)
gcc $^ -o $@
%.o:%.c
gcc -c $< -o $@
clean:
rm $(obj) $(target)
rm $(obj) $(target) -f
-rm $(obj) $(target) -f
$ make $ make clean
Multi Process : Parallel single Process has more thread : Concurrency single thread can work in Synchronous or Asynchronous
Server.c
#include <stdio.h>
#include "unistd.h"
#include "sys/types.h"
#include "stdlib.h"
#include "signal.h"
#include "sys/msg.h"
#include "string.h"
#define messagelen 124
struct messqueue
{
long type;
char message[messagelen];
char ID[4];
};
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
int msgid;
int key;
int receivelen;
int conut = 0;
struct messqueue sendbuffer;
sendbuffer.type = 100;
key = ftok("./a.c", 'a');
if (key < 0) {
printf("create key for server failed \n");
return -1;
}
//create the massage queue
msgid= msgget(key, IPC_CREAT | 0777);
if (msgid < 0) {
printf("creat massage queue failed .\n");
return -1;
}
printf("create massage queue success with msgid %d.\n", msgid);
do {
memset(sendbuffer.message, 0, messagelen);
//input your massage
printf("please input your massage you want to send to massage queue \n");
scanf("%s", sendbuffer.message);
//wirte the massage(which is now in your struct messqueue) into massage queue msgid
msgsnd(msgid, (void *)&sendbuffer, strlen(sendbuffer.message), 0);
conut++;
}while (conut < 3);
msgctl(msgid, IPC_RMID, NULL);
system("ipcs -q");
return 0;
}Client.C
#include <stdio.h>
#include "unistd.h"
#include "sys/types.h"
#include "stdlib.h"
#include "signal.h"
#include "sys/msg.h"
#include "string.h"
#define messagelen 124
struct messqueue
{
long type;
char message[messagelen];
char ID[4];
};
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
int msgid;
int key;
int receivelen;
int conut = 0;
struct messqueue sendbuffer;
sendbuffer.type = 100;
key = ftok("./a.c", 'a');
if (key < 0) {
printf("create key for server failed \n");
return -1;
}
//create the massage queue
msgid= msgget(key, IPC_CREAT | 0777);
if (msgid < 0) {
printf("creat massage queue failed .\n");
return -1;
}
printf("create massage queue success with msgid %d.\n", msgid);
do {
memset(sendbuffer.message, 0, messagelen);
//input your massage
printf("please input your massage you want to send to massage queue \n");
scanf("%s", sendbuffer.message);
//wirte the massage(which is now in your struct messqueue) into massage queue msgid
msgsnd(msgid, (void *)&sendbuffer, strlen(sendbuffer.message), 0);
conut++;
}while (conut < 3);
msgctl(msgid, IPC_RMID, NULL);
system("ipcs -q");
return 0;
}Server.c
#include <stdio.h>
#include "unistd.h"
#include "sys/types.h"
#include "stdlib.h"
#include "signal.h"
#include "sys/msg.h"
#include "string.h"
#define messagelen 124
struct messqueue
{
long type;
char message[messagelen];
char ID[4];
};
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
int msgid;
int key;
int receivelen;
int conut = 0;
pid_t pid;
struct messqueue sendbuffer, receiverbuffer;
key = ftok("./b.c", 'a');
if (key < 0) {
printf("create key for server failed \n");
return -1;
}
//create the massage queue
msgid= msgget(key, IPC_CREAT | 0777);
if (msgid < 0) {
printf("creat massage queue failed .\n");
return -1;
}
printf("create massage queue success with msgid %d.\n", msgid);
pid = fork();
if (pid > 0) { //server father process write tpye 100
sendbuffer.type = 100;
while(1) {
memset(sendbuffer.message, 0, messagelen);
//input your massage
printf("please input your massage you want to send to massage queue \n");
scanf("%s", sendbuffer.message);
//wirte the massage(which is now in your struct messqueue) into massage queue msgid
msgsnd(msgid, (void *)&sendbuffer, strlen(sendbuffer.message), 0);
conut++;
}
}
if (pid == 0) { //server child process read tpye 200
while (1) {
memset(receiverbuffer.message, 0, messagelen);
msgrcv(msgid, (void *)&receiverbuffer, messagelen, 200, 0);
printf("the receive massage of massage queue in server is %s \n", receiverbuffer.message);
}
}
msgctl(msgid, IPC_RMID, NULL);
system("ipcs -q");
return 0;
}Client.c
#include <stdio.h>
#include "unistd.h"
#include "sys/types.h"
#include "stdlib.h"
#include "signal.h"
#include "sys/msg.h"
#include "string.h"
#define messagelen 124
struct messqueue
{
long type;
char message[messagelen];
char ID[4];
};
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
int msgid;
int key;
int receivelen;
int conut = 0;
pid_t pid;
struct messqueue sendbuffer, receiverbuffer;
key = ftok("./b.c", 'a');
if (key < 0) {
printf("create key for server failed \n");
return -1;
}
//create the massage queue
msgid= msgget(key, IPC_CREAT | 0777);
if (msgid < 0) {
printf("creat massage queue failed .\n");
return -1;
}
printf("create massage queue success with msgid %d.\n", msgid);
pid = fork();
if (pid == 0) { // client child process for write tpye 200
sendbuffer.type = 200;
while(1) {
memset(sendbuffer.message, 0, messagelen);
//input your massage
printf("please input your massage you want to send to massage queue \n");
scanf("%s", sendbuffer.message);
//wirte the massage(which is now in your struct messqueue) into massage queue msgid
msgsnd(msgid, (void *)&sendbuffer, strlen(sendbuffer.message), 0);
conut++;
}
}
if (pid > 0) { // client child process read type 100
while(1){
memset(receiverbuffer.message, 0, messagelen);
msgrcv(msgid, (void *)&receiverbuffer, messagelen, 100, 0);
printf("the receive massage of massage queue in server is %s \n", receiverbuffer.message);
}
}
msgctl(msgid, IPC_RMID, NULL);
system("ipcs -q");
return 0;
}
- In current directory: mkfifo(“./myfifo”, 0777);
with mkfifo creat a file, so that other unrelated process can commu
- In one process : fd = open(“./myfifo”, O_WRONGLY);
open the file, and : write(fd, &process_inter,1); change the pipe variable.
- In other process : fd = open(“./myfifo”,O_RDONLY);
open the file, and : while(process_inter == 0); can be controled by pipe variable
- In one process diff threads
creat place for pipe : int fd[2]; one for main thread, one for new thread
creat pipe : int ret = pipe(fd);
in new thread : read(fd[0], &process_inter 1); if nothing to read, sleep in main thread do its stuff, after finish : write(fd[1], &process_inter, 1); let new pthread run
remeber: wirte at frist in fd[1], and then read at fd[0]
alarm(10); wait for 10 seconds and kill itself send signal as 14 to itself
kill(pid, 9); send signal 9 to pid process
raise(9); == kill(getpid(), 9);
pause(); stoped for ever
signal(signal_ID, self_function); self function or SIG_ING or SIG_DFL
exit(0) will also send signal 17 (SIGCHID) to its father thread;
key can be 2 differ
- For father and son process : IPC_PRIVATE :
- For unrelated process : self_def key
int key;
key = ftok("./a.c", 'a');
if (key < 0) {
printf("create key for server failed \n");
return -1;
}
printf("create key for server success \n");memcpy(p, “niao”,4);
shmid = shmget(IPC_PRIVATE, 128, 0777); shmid = shmget(key, 128, IPC_CREAT | 0777);
char *p = (char *) shmat(shmid, NULL, 0); after mapping to p : can be manipulated scanf(“%s”, p); printf(“%s”, p);
delete the mapping of p to shared memory shmdt(p); after that, the manipulation of p is not allowed, and well be segmention fault
delete the created shared memory shmctl(shmid, IPC_RMID, NULL); == iprcm -m shmid
show : ipcs -m(shared memory) -q(message queue) -s(semaphores) delete : ipcrm -m shmid /-q msgid /-s semid
msgid= msgget(IPC_PRIVATE, 0777);
#include <stdio.h>
#include "unistd.h"
#include "sys/types.h"
#include "stdlib.h"
#include "signal.h"
#include "sys/msg.h"
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
int msgid;
msgid= msgget(IPC_PRIVATE, 0777);
if (msgid < 0) {
printf("creat massage queue failed .\n");
return -1;
}
printf("create massage queue success with msgid %d.\n", msgid);
system("ipcs -q");
return 0;
}------ Nachrichtenwarteschlangen -------- Schlüssel msqid Besitzer Rechte Benutzt-Bytes Nachrichten 0x61091797 2 silin 777 0 0 0x00000000 4 silin 777 0 0 0x00000000 5 silin 777 0 0 0x00000000 6 silin 777 0 0 0x00000000 7 silin 777 0 0 0x00000000 8 silin 777 0 0 0x00000000 9 silin 777 0 0 0x00000000 10 silin 777 0 0 0x00000000 11 silin 777 0 0 0x00000000 12 silin 777 0 0 create massage queue success with msgid 12.
msgctl(msgid, IPC_RMID, NULL); == ipcrm -q msgid
#include <stdio.h>
#include "unistd.h"
#include "sys/types.h"
#include "stdlib.h"
#include "signal.h"
#include "sys/msg.h"
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
int msgid;
msgid= msgget(IPC_PRIVATE, 0777);
if (msgid < 0) {
printf("creat massage queue failed .\n");
return -1;
}
printf("create massage queue success with msgid %d.\n", msgid);
system("ipcs -q");
return 0;
}msgsnd(msgid, (void *)&sendbuffer, strlen(sendbuffer.message), 0);
receivelen = msgrcv(msgid, (void *)&receiverbuffer, messagelen, 100, 0);
#include <stdio.h>
#include "unistd.h"
#include "sys/types.h"
#include "stdlib.h"
#include "signal.h"
#include "sys/msg.h"
#include "string.h"
#define messagelen 124
struct messqueue
{
long type;
char message[messagelen];
char ID[4];
};
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
int msgid;
int receivelen;
struct messqueue sendbuffer, receiverbuffer;
sendbuffer.type = 100;
receiverbuffer.type = 100;
//create the massage queue
msgid= msgget(IPC_PRIVATE, 0777);
if (msgid < 0) {
printf("creat massage queue failed .\n");
return -1;
}
printf("create massage queue success with msgid %d.\n", msgid);
//input your massage
printf("please input your massage you want to send to massage queue \n");
scanf("%s", sendbuffer.message);
//wirte the massage(which is now in your struct messqueue) into massage queue msgid
msgsnd(msgid, (void *)&sendbuffer, strlen(sendbuffer.message), 0);
//clear receiverbuffer.massage
memset(receiverbuffer.message, 0, messagelen);
//read massage to receiverbuffer from massage queue msgid
receivelen = msgrcv(msgid, (void *)&receiverbuffer, messagelen, 100, 0);
printf("the receiverbuffer massage have %s .\n", receiverbuffer.message);
printf("the long is %d .\n", receivelen);
msgctl(msgid, IPC_RMID, NULL);
system("ipcs -q");
return 0;
}------ Nachrichtenwarteschlangen -------- Schlüssel msqid Besitzer Rechte Benutzt-Bytes Nachrichten 0x61091797 2 silin 777 0 0 0x00000000 4 silin 777 0 0 0x00000000 5 silin 777 0 0 0x00000000 6 silin 777 0 0 0x00000000 7 silin 777 0 0 0x00000000 8 silin 777 0 0 0x00000000 9 silin 777 0 0 0x00000000 10 silin 777 0 0 0x00000000 11 silin 777 0 0 0x00000000 12 silin 777 0 0 create massage queue success with msgid 14. please input your massage you want to send to massage queue the receiverbuffer massage have the long is 6 .
semid = semget(IPC_PRIVATE,3 , 0777);
semctl(semid, 0, IPC_RMID, NULL);
using pthread_create create new thread(thread_fun) with arguements(“new thread”). In new thread call function print_id with giving arguements.
This programm can’t compiled in Babel, please save this as a .c file, and compile with -pthread
#include "apue.h"
void print_id(char *s)
{
pid_t pid;
pthread_t tid;
pid = getpid();
tid = pthread_self();
printf("%s pid is %u, and tid is 0x%x\n", s, pid, (int) tid);
}
void *thread_fun(void *arg)
{
printf("In son thread, can't get the father tid \n");
print_id(arg);
return (void *)0;
}
int main( )
{
pthread_t ntid;
int err;
err = pthread_create(&ntid, NULL, thread_fun, "new thread");
if (err != 0) {
printf("create new thread is failed\n");
return 0;
}
printf("In father thread, the new THREAS is 0x%x \n", (int)ntid );
print_id("main thread");
sleep(2);
return 0;
}
using pid = getpid() to get pid of current pthread
#include <stdio.h>
#include "unistd.h"
#include "sys/types.h"
#include "stdlib.h"
#include "signal.h"
#include "sys/msg.h"
#include "string.h"
int main( )
{
pid_t pid;
pthread_t tid;
pid = getpid();
tid = pthread_self();
printf("pid is %d , and tid is %x\n", pid, (int)tid );
return 0;
}
pid is 3406 , and tid is 960c4c0
pthread_jion(tid, &reval) 可以回收主线程发起的副线程tid，并由 副线程指定返回值给reval.但是副线程如自己调用了 pthread_detach(pthread-self()) 可以阻止主线程的jion
#include "apue.h"
void *thread_fun1(void *arg){
printf("New thread out with return\n");
return (void *)1;
}
void *thread_fun2(void *arg){
printf("New thread out with pthread_exit\n");
pthread_detach(pthread_self()); // detach it self
pthread_exit((void *)2);
}
int main( )
{
pthread_t tid1, tid2;
int err1, err2;
void *reval1, *reval2;
err1 = pthread_create(&tid1, NULL, thread_fun1, NULL);
err2 = pthread_create(&tid2, NULL, thread_fun2, NULL);
if (err1 || err2) {
printf("The create of new thread is failed\n");
}
printf("the thread 1 has return as %d\n", pthread_join(tid1, &reval1) );
printf("the thread 2 has return as %d\n", pthread_join(tid2, &reval2) );
printf("the thread 1 has return code %d\n",(int*)reval1 );
printf("the thread 2 has return code %d\n",(int*)reval2 );
return 0;
}
从主线程来的pthread_cancel(tid)作用到tid的副线程时， 如果副线程设置为pthread_setcancelstate(PTHREAD_CANCEL_DISABLE, NULL) 则取消请求被忽视
如果副线程设置为pthread_setcancelstate(PTHREAD_CANCEL_ENABLE, NULL); 则取消请求在下一个取消点被执行
如果副线程设置为pthread_setcanceltype(PTHREAD_CANCEL_ASYNCHRONOUS, NULL); 则取消请求被立即执行
#include "apue.h"
void *thread_fun(void * arg){
int stateval;
int typeval;
// set cancel to be disable
stateval = pthread_setcancelstate(PTHREAD_CANCEL_DISABLE, NULL);
if (stateval != 0) {
printf("set cancel state to disable is failed\n");
}
printf("I'm New thread here !\n");
sleep(4);
//set cancel to be enable, will be canceled at the first cancel point
stateval = pthread_setcancelstate(PTHREAD_CANCEL_ENABLE, NULL);
if (stateval != 0)
printf("set cancel state to enable is failed\n");
else
printf("about to set cancel enable\n"); // print is a cancel point
//set cancel to be enable and immediately
typeval = pthread_setcanceltype(PTHREAD_CANCEL_ASYNCHRONOUS, NULL);
if (typeval != 0) {
printf("set cancel state to immediately failed\n");
}
//cancel points
printf("first place to cancel:\n");
printf("second place to cancel:\n");
return (void *)20;
}
int main( )
{
pthread_t tid;
int err, cval, jval;
void * rval;
err = pthread_create(&tid, NULL, thread_fun, NULL);
if (err != 0) {
printf("creat new thread is failed\n");
return 0;
}
sleep(2);
cval = pthread_cancel(tid);
if (cval != 0) {
printf("cancel the new thread is failed\n");
return 0;
}
jval = pthread_join(tid, &rval);
if (jval != 0) {
printf("join thread is failed\n");
return 0;
}
printf("new thread has return code of %d\n", (int) rval );
return 0;
}pthread_rwlock_t rwlock; 声明 pthread_rwlock_init(&rwlock); 初始化 pthread_rwlock_wrlock(&rwlock); 写锁 pthread_rwlock_rdlock(&rwlock); 读锁 pthread_rwlock_unlock(&rwlock); 解锁 pthread_rwlock_destroy(&rwlock); 销锁
#include "apue.h"
int num;
pthread_rwlock_t rwlock;
void * thread_fun1(void *arg){
int err;
sleep(1);
pthread_rwlock_wrlock(&rwlock); // write mode lock
// pthread_rwlock_rdlock(&rwlock); // read mode lock
printf("thread 1 print num as %d\n",num );
sleep(5);
printf("thread 1 is over \n");
pthread_rwlock_unlock(&rwlock);
return (void *)0;
}
void * thread_fun2(void *arg){
int err;
pthread_rwlock_wrlock(&rwlock);
// pthread_rwlock_rdlock(&rwlock);
printf("thread 2 print num as %d\n",num );
sleep(5);
printf("thread 2 is over \n");
pthread_rwlock_unlock(&rwlock);
return (void *)0;
}
int main( )
{
pthread_t tid1, tid2;
int err;
err = pthread_rwlock_init(&rwlock, NULL);
if (err) {
printf("init failed\n");
return 0;
}
err = pthread_create(&tid1, NULL ,thread_fun1, NULL);
if (err) {
printf("create of the first thread fail\n");
return 0;
}
err = pthread_create(&tid2, NULL ,thread_fun2, NULL);
if (err) {
printf("create of the second thread failed\n");
return 0;
}
pthread_join(tid1, NULL);
pthread_join(tid2, NULL);
pthread_rwlock_destroy(&rwlock);
return 0;
}
seeing pthread_attr.c pthread_attr_init(&attr) using : pthread_attr_setdetachstate(&attr, PTHREAD_CREATE_DETACHED); OR: pthread_attr_setdetachstate(&attr, PTHREAD_CREATE_JOINABLE); 决定该线程是否可以被jion.
#include "apue.h"
void *thread_fun1(void *arg)
{
printf("I am new thread 1\n");
return (void *)1;
}
void *thread_fun2(void *arg)
{
printf("I am new thread 2 \n");
return (void *)2;
}
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
pthread_t tid1, tid2;
int err;
//def attr and init and set to be spreate
pthread_attr_t attr;
pthread_attr_init(&attr);
// pthread_attr_setdetachstate(&attr, PTHREAD_CREATE_DETACHED);
pthread_attr_setdetachstate(&attr, PTHREAD_CREATE_JOINABLE);
err = pthread_create(&tid1, &attr, thread_fun1, NULL);
if (err) {
printf("create new thread 1 failed \n");
return 0;
}
err = pthread_create(&tid2, NULL, thread_fun2, NULL);
if (err) {
printf("create new thread 2 failed \n");
return 0;
}
err = pthread_join(tid1, NULL);
if (!err)
printf("join thread 1 success \n");
else
printf("jion thread 1 failed \n");
err = pthread_join(tid2, NULL);
if (!err)
printf("join thread 2 success \n");
else
printf("jion thread 2 failed \n");
pthread_attr_destroy(&attr);
return 0;
}
pthread_mutex_lock(&mutex) 和 pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex) 可以锁住之间的的任何变量， 所以不同线程之间的访问和赋值只能错开时间， 这样就不会造成线程之间变量值不受控制的错误
#include "apue.h"
struct student{
int age;
int size;
} stu;
int i;
pthread_mutex_t mutex;
void *thread_fun1(void *arg){
while(1){
// pthread_mutex_lock(&mutex);
stu.age = i;
stu.size = i;
i++;
if (stu.age != stu.size) {
printf("thread 1 %d, %d,\n", stu.age, stu.size);
break;
}
// pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex);
}
return (void *)0;
}
void *thread_fun2(void *arg){
while (1) {
// pthread_mutex_lock(&mutex);
stu.age = i;
stu.size = i;
i++;
if (stu.age != stu.size) {
printf("thread 2 %d, %d,\n", stu.age, stu.size);
}
// pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex);
}
return(void *)0;
}
int main( )
{
pthread_t tid1, tid2;
int err1, err2;
err1 = pthread_create(&tid1, NULL, thread_fun1, NULL);
err2 = pthread_create(&tid2, NULL, thread_fun2, NULL);
if (err1 || err2) {
printf("the create o pthread 1 and pthread 2 failed\n");
}
pthread_join(tid1, NULL);
pthread_join(tid2, NULL);
return 0;
}
用主线程给一个可交换变量赋值，来控制副进程的执行， only if in main thread, parameter interpeter be assigned to 1, in side thread can start to run.
#include <stdio.h>
#include "stdlib.h"
#include <unistd.h>
#include "pthread.h"
int interpeter = 0;
void *mythread(void *num){
while(interpeter == 0);
int i = 0;
for (i = 0; i < 10; ++i) {
printf("In my thread there is %d\n", i);
usleep(100);
}
return (void *)0;
}
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
pthread_t tid;
int err;
err = pthread_create(&tid, NULL, mythread, NULL);
if (err < 0) {
printf("create my thread failed\n");
return -1;
}
int i = 0;
for (i = 0; i < 10; ++i) {
printf("In main thread there is %d\n", i);
usleep(100);
}
interpeter = 1;
sleep(10);
return 0;
}
将一个结构体通过pthread_create()的参数传给副进程，注意在副进程中的 结构体转化
#include "apue.h"
struct student {
int age;
char name[10];
char subject[10];
};
void *thread_fun(void *stu)
{
printf("In the constuction we have age : %d, name : %s, and subject %s.\n", ((struct student *)stu)->age,((struct student *)stu)->name, ((struct student *)stu)->subject);
return (void *)0;
}
int main( )
{
pthread_t tid;
int err;
void * val;
struct student stu;
stu.age = 20;
memcpy(stu.name, "xiang", 10);
memcpy(stu.subject, "phyics", 10);
err = pthread_create(&tid, NULL, thread_fun, (void *)&stu);
if (err != 0) {
printf("the new thread is failed to create\n");
return 0;
}
pthread_exit(val);
return 0;
}
在系统支持的条件下，获取栈的大小，并作出调整
#include "apue.h"
pthread_attr_t attr;
void *thread_fun(void *arg){
size_t stacksize;
#ifdef _POSIX_THREAD_ATTR_STACKSIZE
pthread_attr_getstacksize(&attr, &stacksize);
printf("new thread stack size is %d \n", (int)stacksize ); //获取默认栈大小
//更改 has to be greater than 16384, otherwise will be default
pthread_attr_setstacksize(&attr, 100000);
pthread_attr_getstacksize(&attr, &stacksize);
printf("new thread stack size is %d \n", (int)stacksize ); //获取设置栈大小
#endif // _POSIX_THREAD_ATTR_STACKSIZE
return (void *)1;
}
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
pthread_t tid;
int err;
pthread_attr_init(&attr);
//设置为可连接的分离属性
pthread_attr_setdetachstate(&attr, PTHREAD_CREATE_JOINABLE);
//check if system support this
#ifdef _POSIX_THREAD_ATTR_STACKSIZE
pthread_attr_setstacksize(&attr, PTHREAD_STACK_MIN);
#endif // _POSIX_THREAD_ATTR_STACKSIZE
err = pthread_create(&tid, &attr, thread_fun, NULL);
if (err) {
printf("create new thread failed \n");
return 0;
}
pthread_join(tid ,NULL);
return 0;
}
Raw 文件 git rm --cached file, will only delete it in git, but still in my local directory
- sudo apt install git
- local configuration
git config --global user.name "username1"
git config --global user.email "email1"git config –list
- in local terminal
ssh-keygen -t rsa -C "email2"and then just all enter as default warming: email1 == email2
1. go to Fold Docu1, and in terminal git init to create local repository 2. apply github count with: Email: email3 Username: username3 Password:xxxx 3. in setting add ssh key from local document: ./ssh/id_rsa.pub 4. create web repository with name Docu2 Warming: Docu1 == Docu2
1. in local computer Docu1, create our files and prepare to push to Github 2. git add && git commit -m "" 3. git remote add origin HTTPS/SSH(of the created web repository) warming: with HTTPS will be ask the Username:username3 and password:xxxx every time for the push, but SSH note 4. git push -u origin master 5. username3 and xxxx if necessary 6. later push it only use git push origin master
C-x g : open the git buffer S or s : to stage C : to commit C-c C-c : to finish commit P and p to push
branch 创建 新分支 创建新的分支： git branch development 带着全部家当去新的分支： git checkout development git add -A git commit -m "development" git push -u origin development
merge 融合分支 如果此时只有development分支改变，可以直接回到master, 把development分支 merge 过来 git merge development git checkout master git pull origin master git branch --merged git merge development git push origin master
git branch --merged git branch -d mybrauch git branch -a git push origin --delete mybrauch
编辑当前文件后，已提交(已 add),想撤出索引 ： git rm --cached file after that, I can check the delete file with git status or git diff --cached.
if I want , I can git add * to call all back again, but nothing to commit
if I ready want to delete this, using rm file delete the file in local directory, but git status and diff --cached remands this still, only after commit, there's no signal for the deleted file anymore.
git reflog git reset --hard ID
commit 添加提交 和上次commit提交融合，不产生新的提交记录： git commit –amend
git checkout -t origin/ui-mockup
| git diff | can see the different comparing to last time commit |
| git checkout – file | git diff: NULL, file has been recovered |
|---|
| git diff | dit diff :NULL |
| git diff –cached | can see the different comparing to the last time commit |
| git reset HEAD file | git diff – cached : NULL |
| git checkout – file | file has been recovered |
|---|
编辑后，强制回到最近一次添加索引的版本： git reset --hard HEAD 编辑后，强制回到最近倒数第二次添加索引的版本： git reset --hard HEAD~ 编辑后，强制回到最近倒数第n次添加索引的版本： git reset --hard HEAD~n 如果将HEAD换成对应的ID， 也可以回到之前相应的版本。 但是如果想再回去， 又没有记住之前的ID， 可以用， git reflog 查询.
- as student of Göttingen send email to support@gwdg.de with uni email, asking for freischaltung of cloud server
- got https://gwdg.de Dienst-> GWDG cloud server -> self service create Instance if with my ssh, the connect can be without password, but still need to aktiv
- where the instance is created, use the VNS to aktiv the konto, remember to save the password ssh cloud@ip
- First generate the self-singed certificate: Set CN to localhost,
openssl req -new -x509 -nodes -keyout key.pem -sha256 -days 365 -out cert.pem sudo cp cert.pem /etc/pki/ca-trust/source/anchors/ sudo update-ca-trust - First generate a new key, and Then create a CSR from it:
openssl genrsa -out test.key 2048 openssl req -new -key test.key -out test.csr - creat extenation file test.ext, for domain name or DNS
1 authorityKeyIdentifier=keyid,issuer 2 basicConstraints=CA:FALSE 3 keyUsage =digitalSignature, nonRepudiation, keyEncipherment, dataEncipherment 4 subjectAltName = @alt_names 5 6 [alt_names] 7 DNS.1 = localhost 8 DNS.2 = test.dev - Create a new signed certificate for extended information
openssl x509 -req -in test.csr -CA cert.pem -CAkey key.pem -CAcreateserial \ -out test.crt -days 365 -sha256 -extfile test.ext - signed by Let’s Encrypt
sudo certbot certonly --standalone - DONe
sudo sysctl -w fs.inotify.max_user_watches=100000 reboot
lssudo docker rm $(sudo docker ps -aq)
sudo docker rmi $(sudo docker images -aq)sudo cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX:PATH=/home/si/Dokumente/opencv/libopencv .. make make install export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:/home/si/Dokumente/opencv/libopencv/lib
| Ctrl f | move cousur to left, accept the auto complete |
| Ctrl N | next block |
| Ctrl P | provious block |