Implement Truncated distributions

[ricardoV94]

What is this PR about?
Implement univariate Truncated distributions

import pymc as pm

x = pm.Truncated.dist(pm.StudentT.dist(nu=4, mu=0, sigma=10), lower=0, upper=[1, 5, 10])

pm.draw(x, 5, random_seed=42)
# array([[0.699283  , 1.16812888, 0.57187754],
#        [0.86696477, 2.77131277, 0.41684522],
#        [0.4936193 , 2.02239792, 4.89737532],
#        [0.21631044, 2.11718693, 9.98189683],
#        [0.79006093, 2.82316114, 6.90686285]])

pm.logp(x, [2, 2, 2]).eval()
# array([       -inf, -1.5841988 , -2.14689627])

Checklist

• Explain important implementation details 👆
• Make sure that the pre-commit linting/style checks pass.
• Link relevant issues (preferably in nice commit messages)
• Are the changes covered by tests and docstrings?
• Fill out the short summary sections 👇

Major / Breaking Changes

• ...

Bugfixes / New features

• Implemented Truncated univariate distributions

Docs / Maintenance

• Deprecation warning added for Bound distributions

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Merging #6113 (26c70c1) into main (bbb3082) will increase coverage by 0.34%.
The diff coverage is 99.73%.

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main    #6113      +/-   ##
==========================================
+ Coverage   91.02%   91.37%   +0.34%     
==========================================
  Files          99      101       +2     
  Lines       20531    20887     +356     
==========================================
+ Hits        18689    19085     +396     
+ Misses       1842     1802      -40     

Impacted Files	Coverage Δ
pymc/distributions/truncated.py	99.30% <99.30%> (ø)
pymc/distributions/__init__.py	100.00% <100.00%> (ø)
pymc/distributions/bound.py	100.00% <100.00%> (ø)
pymc/exceptions.py	100.00% <100.00%> (ø)
pymc/tests/distributions/test_bound.py	100.00% <100.00%> (ø)
pymc/tests/distributions/test_truncated.py	100.00% <100.00%> (ø)
pymc/variational/test_functions.py	38.09% <0.00%> (-61.91%)	⬇️
pymc/variational/stein.py	48.33% <0.00%> (-51.67%)	⬇️
pymc/variational/operators.py	57.14% <0.00%> (-35.72%)	⬇️
pymc/variational/inference.py	50.77% <0.00%> (-35.32%)	⬇️
... and 14 more

[drbenvincent]

Just leaving this here in the hope that I get notifications of this PR's progress.

[ricardoV94]

Weird variational test failing... opening an issue #6127