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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
<head>
<title>nubake</title>
<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
<meta content="37.444542, -122.161050" name="ICBM" />
<link media="all" href="/stylesheets/nu.css" type ="text/css" rel="stylesheet" />
</head>
<body>
<div id="container">
<div id="header">
<div style="float:left; margin-right:10px">
<img src="/files/recycle-s.png" height="50" alt="recycling symbol" />
</div>
<div style="float:left">
<h1><a href="/">Programming Nu</a></h1>
<h3><a href="https://github.com/programming-nu">github.com/programming-nu</a></h3>
</div>
</div>
<div id="content">
<div class="atomentry">
<div class="content" style="margin-bottom:10px">
<p><img src="/files/nubake.png" alt="nubake"/></p>
<h1>nubake</h1>
<h1>"Bake" Nu code into compiled object files</h1>
</div>
<div class="extended">
<h3>About nubake</h3>
<p><strong>nubake</strong> can be used to "bake" Nu source files into compiled objects. This can be useful for simplifying and adding tamper-resistance to Nu applications.</p>
<p><strong>nubake</strong> parses a Nu source file and writes an Objective-C function that, when called, returns the same parsed code structure that you would get by parsing the original source file. <br />
You can then compile and link this into your Nu application and call the new Objective-C function instead of loading the original Nu source file. You can either use <strong>nubake</strong> to generate a single function, or by adding the "-s" (standalone) option, you can generate a program that can be compiled into a standalone Nu-based binary.</p>
<h3>Usage</h3>
<p>Invoke <strong>nubake</strong> with the name of a Nu source file. It also accepts the following arguments:</p>
<table>
<tr><td width="5%"> -n </td><td>to specify the name of the C function that is created.</td></tr>
<tr><td> -o </td><td>to specify the name of the C output file.</td></tr>
<tr><td> -s </td><td>to also generate a <strong>main()</strong> function so that the C output can be compiled standalone.</td></tr>
</table>
<p>Here's an example; we'll say it is in a file named <strong>ninetynine.nu</strong>:</p>
<pre>
(99 times:
(do (i)
(set count (- 99 i))
(puts <<-END
#{count} bottles of Nu on the wall
#{count} bottles of Nu
Take one down, pass it around
#{count} bottles of Nu on the wall
END)))
</pre>
<p>To bake it, use the following command:</p>
<pre>
% nubake ninetynine.nu -s
</pre>
<p>Then compile it with gcc:</p>
<pre>
% gcc ninetynine.m -o ninetynine -framework Cocoa -framework Nu
</pre>
<p>Now run it.</p>
<pre>
% ninetynine
99 bottles of Nu on the wall
99 bottles of Nu
Take one down, pass it around
99 bottles of Nu on the wall
98 bottles of Nu on the wall
98 bottles of Nu
Take one down, pass it around
98 bottles of Nu on the wall
97 bottles of Nu on the wall
97 bottles of Nu
Take one down, pass it around
97 bottles of Nu on the wall
...
</pre>
<p>With options and comments, <strong>nubake</strong> is a little over 100 lines of code. Its core is a small Nu method:</p>
<pre>
(+ (id) expandNuExpression:(id) node is
(set result "")
(cond ((eq node nil)
(result appendString:"_nunull()"))
((node isKindOfClass:NuCell)
(result appendString:
(+ "_nucell("
(self expandNuExpression:(node car))
",\n"
(self expandNuExpression:(node cdr))
")")))
((node isKindOfClass:NuSymbol)
(result appendString:
"_nusymbol(#{((node stringValue) characterArray)})"))
((node isKindOfClass:NSString)
(result appendString:"_nustring(#{(node characterArray)})"))
((node isKindOfClass:NSNumber)
(result appendString:"_nunumberd(#{node})"))
((node isKindOfClass:NuRegex)
(result appendString:
"_nuregex(#{((node pattern) characterArray)}, #{(node options)})"))
(else (result appendString:"[ERROR]")))
result)
</pre>
<p>That's sufficient to turn any parsed Nu code into a nested set of C function calls that produces an equivalent structure. Then that structure can be evaluated with something as simple as <code>(eval my-expression)</code>, where <code>my-expression</code> is set to the result of a call to your function. If you want to make that function call from Nu, just wrap it with an instance of <strong>NuBridgedFunction</strong>:</p>
<pre>
(set ninetynine
(NuBridgedFunction functionWithName:"ninetynine" signature:"@"))
</pre>
<p>Then call <strong>eval</strong> with its results:</p>
<pre>
(eval (ninetynine))
</pre>
</div>
</div> <!-- atomentry -->
</div> <!-- content -->
<div id="sidebar">
<div class="sidebar-node">
<h2><a href="/about">About Nu</a></h2>
</div>
<div class="sidebar-node">
<h2><a href="http://groups.google.com/group/programming-nu/topics">Google Group:<br/>Programming Nu</a></h2>
</div>
<div class="sidebar-node">
<h2><a href="/downloads">Download Nu</a></h2>
</div>
<div class="sidebar-node">
<h2>Git Repositories</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="http://github.com/programming-nu/nu">nu</a></li>
<li><a href="http://github.com/programming-nu/programming-nu">programming-nu</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="sidebar-node">
<h2><a href="/documentation">Documentation</a></h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="/installing">Installing Nu</a></li>
<li><a href="/usage">Using Nu</a></li>
<li><a href="/embedding">Embedding Nu</a></li>
<li><a href="/reference">Nu Reference</a></li>
<li><a href="/syntax">- Syntax</a></li>
<li><a href="/operators">- Operators</a></li>
<li><a href="/types">- Types</a></li>
<li><a href="/doc/index.html">- Class Reference</a></li>
<li><a href="/help">Getting and Providing Help</a></li>
<li><a href="/debugging">Debugging Nu Programs</a></li>
<li><a href="/textmate">A Bundle for TextMate Users</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="sidebar-node">
<h2><a href="/examples">Examples</a></h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="/randomapp">RandomApp</a></li>
<li><a href="/randomappwithnibfile">RandomAppWithNibFile</a></li>
<li><a href="/currencyconverter">Currency Converter</a></li>
<li><a href="/nurocks">NuRocks</a></li>
<li><a href="/console">Console</a></li>
<li><a href="/growler">Growler</a></li>
<li><a href="/benwanu">Benwanu</a></li>
<li><a href="/screensaver">Screen Saver</a></li>
<li><a href="/maildemo">MailDemo</a></li>
<li><a href="/nuanywhere">NuAnywhere</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="sidebar-node">
<h2><a href="/tools">Tools</a></h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="/nuke">nuke, a make utility</a></li>
<li><a href="/nubile">nubile, a code formatter</a></li>
<li><a href="/nutest">nutest, a testing tool</a></li>
<li><a href="/nudoc">nudoc, a documentation generator</a></li>
<li><a href="/nutemplate">nutemplate, a templating tool</a></li>
<li><a href="/nubake">nubake, a code generation tool</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="sidebar-node">
<h2><a href="/">Archives</a></h2>
<ul>
<li style="font-weight:bold; font-size:smaller; background:#eee; line-height:100%">July 2019</li>
<li>
<a href="/posts/2019/07/25/programming-nu-on-github">
Programming Nu on GitHub</a>
</li>
<li style="font-weight:bold; font-size:smaller; background:#eee; line-height:100%">April 2013</li>
<li>
<a href="/posts/2013/04/14/Nu-2.1.0">
Nu-2.1.0</a>
</li>
<li style="font-weight:bold; font-size:smaller; background:#eee; line-height:100%">September 2011</li>
<li>
<a href="/posts/2011/09/02/Nu-2.0.1">
Nu-2.0.1</a>
</li>
<li style="font-weight:bold; font-size:smaller; background:#eee; line-height:100%">August 2011</li>
<li>
<a href="/posts/2011/08/25/Nu-2.0.0">
Nu-2.0.0</a>
</li>
<li style="font-weight:bold; font-size:smaller; background:#eee; line-height:100%">December 2009</li>
<li>
<a href="/posts/2009/12/09/stability">
Nu Seems Stable (by Jason Grossman)</a>
</li>
<li style="font-weight:bold; font-size:smaller; background:#eee; line-height:100%">November 2009</li>
<li>
<a href="/posts/2009/11/22/vi">
vi tips for Nu</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/posts/2009/11/17/Nu-0.4.0">
Nu-0.4.0</a>
</li>
<li style="font-weight:bold; font-size:smaller; background:#eee; line-height:100%">January 2009</li>
<li>
<a href="/posts/2009/01/02/macros">
Macros</a>
</li>
<li style="font-weight:bold; font-size:smaller; background:#eee; line-height:100%">December 2008</li>
<li>
<a href="/posts/2008/12/03/Nu-0.3.3">
Nu-0.3.3</a>
</li>
<li style="font-weight:bold; font-size:smaller; background:#eee; line-height:100%">June 2008</li>
<li>
<a href="/posts/2008/06/08/Nu-0.3.2">
Nu-0.3.2</a>
</li>
<li style="font-weight:bold; font-size:smaller; background:#eee; line-height:100%">May 2008</li>
<li>
<a href="/posts/2008/05/23/cocoa-programming-with-nu">
Cocoa Programming with Nu</a>
</li>
<li style="font-weight:bold; font-size:smaller; background:#eee; line-height:100%">March 2008</li>
<li>
<a href="/posts/2008/03/24/Nu-0.3.1">
Nu-0.3.1</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/posts/2008/03/21/announcing-nu">
Announcing Nu: The Video</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/posts/2008/03/18/nu-on-github">
Nu on github</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/posts/2008/03/14/new-platforms">
Linux and the iPhone</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/posts/2008/03/12/new-license">
Apache License, v. 2.0</a>
</li>
<li style="font-weight:bold; font-size:smaller; background:#eee; line-height:100%">February 2008</li>
<li>
<a href="/posts/2008/02/13/Nu-0.3.0">
Nu-0.3.0</a>
</li>
<li style="font-weight:bold; font-size:smaller; background:#eee; line-height:100%">December 2007</li>
<li>
<a href="/posts/2007/12/12/nupagepacker">
NuPagePacker</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/posts/2007/12/12/Nu-0.2.4">
Nu-0.2.4</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/posts/2007/12/07/Nu-0.2.3">
Nu-0.2.3</a>
</li>
<li style="font-weight:bold; font-size:smaller; background:#eee; line-height:100%">November 2007</li>
<li>
<a href="/posts/2007/11/26/Nu-0.2.2">
Nu-0.2.2</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/posts/2007/11/25/a-delicious-nu-screencast">
A Delicious Nu Screencast</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/posts/2007/11/12/Nu-0.2.1">
Nu-0.2.1</a>
</li>
<li style="font-weight:bold; font-size:smaller; background:#eee; line-height:100%">October 2007</li>
<li>
<a href="/posts/2007/10/17/new-literal-forms-in-nu">
New Literal Forms in Nu</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/posts/2007/10/17/escape-sequences-in-nu-strings">
Escape Sequences in Nu Strings</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/posts/2007/10/17/closures-in-nu">
Closures in Nu</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/posts/2007/10/17/Nu-0.2.0">
Nu-0.2.0</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/posts/2007/10/11/screen-savers-and-plugins">
Screen Savers and Plugins</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/posts/2007/10/10/markdown-in-nu">
Markdown in Nu</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/posts/2007/10/05/functional-nu">
Functional Aspects of Nu</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/posts/2007/10/04/randomapp-with-nibfile">
New Example: Nib Files</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/posts/2007/10/01/welcome">
Welcome</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="sidebar-node">
<h2><a href="/legal">Legal Details</a></h2>
</div>
</div> <!-- sidebar -->
</div><!-- container -->
</body>
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