vim_notes.txt

Ctrl-w s for horizontal splitting
Ctrl-w v for vertical splitting
Ctrl-w q to close window
Ctrl-w w to switch windows

1. Vim Line Navigation
    * k -- navigate upwards
    * j -- navigate downwards
    * l -- navigate right side
    * h -- navigate left side

    * 0 -- go to the starting of the current line.
    * ^ -- go to the first non blank character of the line.
    * $ -- go to the end of the current line.
    * g_ -- go to the last non blank character of the line.

2. Vim Screen Navigation
    * H -- Go to the first line of current screen.
    * M -- Go to the middle line of current screen.
    * L -- Go to the last line of current screen.
    * ctrl+f -- Jump forward one full screen.
    * ctrl+b -- Jump backwards one full screen
    * ctrl+d -- Jump forward (down) a half screen
    * ctrl+u -- Jump back (up) one half screen

3. Vim Special Navigation
    * N% -- Go to the Nth percentage line of the file.
    * NG -- Go to the Nth line of the file.
    * G -- Go to the end of the file.
    * `" -- Go to the position where you were in NORMAL MODE while last closing the file.
    * `^ -- Go to the position where you were in INSERT MODE while last closing the file.
    * g -- Go to the beginning of the file.

4. Vim Word Navigation
    * e -- go to the end of the current word.
    * E -- go to the end of the current WORD.
    * b -- go to the previous (before) word.
    * B -- go to the previous (before) WORD.
    * w -- go to the next word.
    * W -- go to the next WORD.
WORD -- WORD consists of a sequence of non-blank characters, separated with white space.
word -- word consists of a sequence of letters, digits and underscores.

5. Vim Paragraph Navigation
    * { -- Go to the beginning of the current paragraph. By pressing { again and again move to the previous paragraph beginnings.
    * } -- Go to the end of the current paragraph. By pressing } again and again move to the next paragraph end, and again.

6. Vim Search Navigation
    * /i -- Search for a pattern which will you take you to the next occurrence of it.
    * ?i -- Search for a pattern which will you take you to the previous occurrence of it.
    * * - Go to the next occurrence of the current word under the cursor.
    * # - Go to the previous occurrence of the current word under the cursor.

7. Vim Code Navigation
    * % -- Go to the matching braces, or parenthesis inside code.

To reselect what you just had selected use 'gv'
To redo the very last operation just hit "."
To go a page forward, or a page back use control-f and control-b.
To go a paragraph forward, or a paragraph back, use { and } (in normal mode of course)
To go a sentence forward, or a sentence back, use ( and ) (in normal mode of course)
To go to the next instance of a char you use f-char


ge (Backword Word Movement at the end of word Ex. ge,3ge )

Moving to the Start or End of a Line
$(End Of Line Ex. $,2$)
^(Start Of Line Ex. ^,3^)

Searching Along a Single Line
f<Charcter> (Searching Charcter Forward Ex. fa, 2fv)
F<Charcter> (Searching Charcter Backword Ex. Fg,2Ft)
t<Charcter> (Search till Forward )
T<Charcter> (Search till Backword)
;   repeat last f, F, t, T
,   repeat last f, F, t, T in the opposite direction

Current line information:
CTRL-G (Where I am in the File)
g CTRL-G (Count col, line, words and bytes)

Jumping:
CTRL-O                  Go to [count] Older cursor position in jump list
                        (not a motion command).
CTRL-I or <Tab>         Go to [count] newer cursor position in jump list
                        (not a motion command).
:ju[mps]                Print the jump list (not a motion command).

Scrolling Up and Down
z<Enter> (screen line on the top)
88z<Enter> positions line 88 at the top.
zt (Leaves the cursor where it is.)
z- (scrolls line to the end of the screen)
zb (Leaves the cursor where it is)
z. (Center of the screen)
zz (Leaves the cursor where it is .)

Deleting
x delete character under the cursor (short for "dl")
X delete character before the cursor (short for "dh")
dw (Delete Word Ex. dw,3dw,d3w,3d2w,d$,d^,df> )
dd (Delete Line Ex. dd,3dd)
D (Delete up to end of line. )(short for "d$")
diw delete word under the cursor (excluding white space)
daw delete word under the cursor (including white space)
dG delete until the end of the file
dgg delete until the start of the file

Arthemetic
CTRL-A Increment number (123, 0177, 0x1f,-98)
CTRL-X Decrement number

Changing Text
C stands for c$ (change to end of the line)
s stands for cl (change one character)
S stands for cc (change a whole line)

Joining Lines
J (Join Lines to One. Ex J,3J)
gJ (Join Lines without Spaces)

Replacing Charcter
r<Charcter> (Replace Charater Under Cursour. Ex. ru,5ra,3r<Enter> )
R<Charcter>

Changing Case
~ (Change Case of Character Ex. ~,12~,~fq)
U (Make the text Uppercase)
u (Make the text Lowercase)
g~motion (It does not depend on tildeop)
g~~ or g~g~ (Changes case of whole line)
gUmotion (All uppercase)
gUU (Changes to uppercase for whole line)
gUw (Changes to uppercase for word)
guw (Changes to lowercase for word)

>       shift right (indent)
<       shift left (unindent)

v       When used after an operator, before the motion command: Force
        the operator to work characterwise, also when the motion is
        linewise.  If the motion was linewise, it will become
        |exclusive|.
        If the motion already was characterwise, toggle
        inclusive/exclusive.  This can be used to make an exclusive
        motion inclusive and an inclusive motion exclusive.
Example:
    dj
deletes two lines
    dvj
deletes from the cursor position until the character below the cursor

Yank/delete/select inside blocks
yi' (yank inside single quotes; works for ", (, [, { as well)
ya' (yank around single quotes)
yib (yank inside paranthesis block)
yiB (yank inside curly brace block)
See also :help text-objects


Replace a word with yanked text (type the quotes!): "_cw^R"
Replace word under cursor with yanked text: :%s/^R^W/^R"/gc
Replace WORD under cursor with yanked text: :%s/^R^A/^R"/gc

There is mru.vim, which adds the :MRU command.

vim -p <files> opens files in individual tabs.
:tabnew <file> opens file in a new tab.
:tabclose         close current tab
:tabclose {i}     close i-th tab
:tabonly          close all other tabs (show only the current tab)
:tab split        copy the current window to a new tab of its own
:tabs         list all tabs including their displayed windows
:tabm 0       move current tab to first
:tabm         move current tab to last
:tabm {i}     move current tab to position i+1
:tabn         go to next tab
:tabp         go to previous tab
:tabfirst     go to first tab
:tablast      go to last tab
gt            go to next tab
gT            go to previous tab
{i}gt         go to tab in position i
:tabdo 		run a command on all of the tabs at once
Crtl-Alt-PgDown/Up	go to previous/next tab

= aligns code

yank, delete, paste-from-yank:
Copy into a named register "ayw, do your delete and then paste from the named register "ap.
Alternatively, you could delete into the black hole register "_d.

Show all registers:
:reg[isters]

Search-and-replace within visually selected code only:
:s/\%V<a>/<b>/g


Using vim is like talking to your editor in "verb modifier object" sentences, turned into acronyms

    * learn some verbs: v (visual), c (change), d (delete), y (yank/copy). these are the most important. there are others
    * learn some modifiers: i (inside), a (around), t (till..finds a character), f (find..like till except including the char), / (search..find a string/regex)
    * learn some text objects: w (word), s (sentence) p (paragraph) b (block/parentheses), t (tag, works for html/xml) there are others

To move efficiently in vim, don't try to do anything by pressing keys many times, instead speak to the editor in sentences

    * delete the current word: diw (delete inside word)
    * change current sentence: cis (change inside sentence)
    * change a string inside quotes: ci" (change inside quote)
    * change until next occurrence of "foo": c/foo (change search foo)
    * change everything from here to the letter X: ctX
    * visually select this paragraph: vap (visual around paragraph)


If you run :shell or just :sh while you're in the editor, Vim will place you in an interactive shell. You can run whatever commands you want, and resume your Vim session by exiting the shell.
Vim also allows you to execute a command directly from the editor, without needing to drop to a shell, by using bang (!) followed by the command to be run.:! wc %

Reload .vimrc:
:source $MYVIMRC

CTRL-W T	Move the current window to a new tab page.


Create tags for keyword searching between files:
ctags -R * at trunk
ctrl-] to go to object definition/declaration
ctrl-t to go back up a level


You can use Ctrl-C instead of ESC to switch out of insert mode.

select blocks (columns)                  CTRL  + q
indent selected text                     >
unindent selected text                   <
convert selected text to uppercase       U
convert selected text to lowercase       u
invert case of selected text             ~
start recording a macro                  qX (X = key to assign macro to)
stop recording a macro                   q
playback macro                           @X (X = key macro was assigned to,
                                             prefix with with n to repeat n times)
replay previously played macro *         @@
bookmark current place in file           mX (X = key to assign bookmark to)
jump to bookmark                         `X (X = key bookmark was assigned to
                                             ` = back tick/tilde key)
show all bookmarks                       :marks
navigating split screens                 CTRL + w + j = move down a screen
                                         CRTL + w + k = move up a screen
                                         CRTL + w + h = move left a screen
                                         CRTL + w + l = move right a screen
close all other split screens            :only

gi switches to insertion mode placing the cursor at the same location it was previously.
If you're editing a line that is wrapped because it's wider than your buffer, you can move up/down using gk and gj.

^wi: Jump to the tag under the cursor by splitting the window.
cib/ciB: Change the text inside the current set of parenthesis () or braces {}, respectively.


:w <filename> saves buffer as <filename> and leaves the old buffer open.
:sav <filename> saves buffer as <filename> and opens a new buffer with <filename>.


Any Vim search pattern can include the special sequence \v (very magic), and this will make every following character except a-zA-Z0-9 and '_' have special meaning. Using \V has the opposite effect: all characters have their literal meaning and must be preceded by \ to activate their special meaning. So if you have forgotten which characters have special meaning in Vim, start the pattern with \v or \V to switch them all on or off.


Check the current value of a setting:
:set <setting>?


Re-wrap comments to find in specified textwidth:
gq<motion>
Re-wrap inside current block:
gqip


Replace tabs with spaces in current document:
:set expandtab [if not already set]
:retab


Update help after adding items to $HOME/.vim/doc:
:helptags $HOME/.vim/doc


Auto-indenting doesn't work but textwidth and formatoptions are set correctly:
Make sure paste isn't set.


I   append to start of current line (first non-whitespace character)
A   append to end of current line


Avoid escape key:
ctrl-[ or ctrl-C


Numpad doesn't work over PuTTY:
PuTTY Configuration -> Terminal -> Features -> Disable application keypad mode


Capitalize the first letter of every word:
:%s/\v<(.)(\w*)/\u\1\L\2/g


Scroll through search history:
q/ and then use j and k to scroll
Scroll through command history:
q: and then use j and k to scroll
Open command history while entering a command:
ctrl-f
Previous command:
ctrl-p
Next command:
ctrl-n


To enter special characters (digraphs):
Ctrl-k a:   Ä
Use :digraphs to see the full list.
Or enter by decimal value: ^Vnnn
Ctrl-v 223  ß
Note that special characters seem to show up weird in Cygwin vim.


To substitute a newline in a search and replace command:
\r
Despite that \n matches a newline in the search side.
http://stackoverflow.com/questions/71323/how-to-replace-a-character-for-a-newline-in-vim
http://stackoverflow.com/questions/71417/why-is-r-a-newline-for-vim


Replace ^M (linebreak) with an actual linebreak:
:%s/<Ctrl-V><Ctrl-M>/\r/g


Search or replace a range instead of entire file:
:.,$s/search/replace/gc
Actually, % is just shorthand for 1,$. Also, the initial period is assumed and can be left off.
See :h range for more information.


Resize split windows:
Ctrl-w =: Distribute space equally to all windows (perfect if terminal has been resized)
Ctrl-w r: Rotate windows (also ctrl-w ctrl-r)
Ctrl-w -/+: Decrease/increase vertical size of current window
Ctrl-w </>: Decrease/increase horizontal size of current window


# Ignore whitespace while diffing:
set diffopt+=iwhite

# Ignore case/capitalization:
set diffopt+=icase


Open tagged definition in a new tab:
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/539231/how-to-use-multiple-tabs-when-tagging-to-a-function-in-vim
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/563616/vim-and-ctags-tips-and-tricks
<C-w><C-]><C-w>T


Initialize cscope:
$ cscope -Rb [in terminal at project root]
:cs add cscope.out [in vim]

Reset cscope:
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/2744010/update-cscope-db-from-vim
First, you need to update cscope database.
:!cscope -Rbq
Then, reinit the database from vim.
:cs reset


Find function callers:
:cs f c <func_name>


Find what filetype is loaded:
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/2779379/find-what-filetype-is-loaded-in-vim
:set filetype?
(or just :se ft)


Keyboard navigation of command line/mode/window (either works):
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/6920943/navigating-in-vims-command-mode
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/2075569/how-can-i-move-around-in-the-vim-command-line
q:
: Ctrl-f


Syntastic commands:
:SyntasticCheck (manually check right now)
:Errors (open the |location-list| window)
:lclose (close it)


CtrlP commands:
:CtrlP (invoke CtrlP in find file mode)
<F5> to purge the cache for the current directory to get new files, remove deleted files and apply new ignore options.
<c-f> and <c-b> to cycle between modes.
<c-d> to switch to filename search instead of full path.
<c-r> to switch to regexp mode.
<c-j>, <c-k> or the arrow keys to navigate the result list.
<c-t> or <c-v>, <c-x> to open the selected entry in a new tab or in a new split.
<c-n>, <c-p> to select the next/previous string in the prompt's history.
<c-y> to create a new file and its parent directories.
<c-z> to mark/unmark multiple files and <c-o> to open them.


Repeat a command only on lines within a given range matching a pattern (similiar to :s//):
:[range]g[lobal]/{pattern}/[cmd]


Built-in autocomplete:
Ctrl-n or Ctrl-p
Whole-line completion:
Ctrl-x Ctrl-l


Return to directory navigation after opening a file:
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/9160499/go-to-back-directory-browsing-after-opening-file-in-vim
:Rex[plore]


Enable spellchecking:
:setlocal spell spelllang=en_us
Move to next bad word:
]s
Find suggestions for a bad word:
z=


Non-greedy regex search (stop at first match found):
Instead of .* use .\{-}.