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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>wombat::gganimate</title>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta name="author" content="Mitchell O’Hara-Wild" />
<meta name="author" content="Ursula Laa" />
<meta name="author" content="Nicholas Spyrison" />
<script src="./libs/kePrint/kePrint.js"></script>
<script src="./libs/htmlwidgets/htmlwidgets.js"></script>
<script src="./libs/plotly-binding/plotly.js"></script>
<script src="./libs/typedarray/typedarray.min.js"></script>
<script src="./libs/jquery/jquery.min.js"></script>
<link href="./libs/crosstalk/css/crosstalk.css" rel="stylesheet" />
<script src="./libs/crosstalk/js/crosstalk.min.js"></script>
<link href="./libs/plotly-htmlwidgets-css/plotly-htmlwidgets.css" rel="stylesheet" />
<script src="./libs/plotly-main/plotly-latest.min.js"></script>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="./libs/slides.css" type="text/css" />
<link rel="stylesheet" href="./libs/animate.css" type="text/css" />
</head>
<body>
<textarea id="source">
class: inverse
<style type="text/css">
/* custom.css */
.left-code {
color: #777;
width: 48%;
height: 92%;
float: left;
}
.right-plot {
width: 50%;
float: right;
padding-left: 1%;
}
</style>
.title[gganimate]
.sticker-float[]
## The grammar of animation
.bottom[
### Mitchell O'Hara-Wild (<svg style="height:0.8em;top:.04em;position:relative;fill:#1da1f2;" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path d="M459.37 151.716c.325 4.548.325 9.097.325 13.645 0 138.72-105.583 298.558-298.558 298.558-59.452 0-114.68-17.219-161.137-47.106 8.447.974 16.568 1.299 25.34 1.299 49.055 0 94.213-16.568 130.274-44.832-46.132-.975-84.792-31.188-98.112-72.772 6.498.974 12.995 1.624 19.818 1.624 9.421 0 18.843-1.3 27.614-3.573-48.081-9.747-84.143-51.98-84.143-102.985v-1.299c13.969 7.797 30.214 12.67 47.431 13.319-28.264-18.843-46.781-51.005-46.781-87.391 0-19.492 5.197-37.36 14.294-52.954 51.655 63.675 129.3 105.258 216.365 109.807-1.624-7.797-2.599-15.918-2.599-24.04 0-57.828 46.782-104.934 104.934-104.934 30.213 0 57.502 12.67 76.67 33.137 23.715-4.548 46.456-13.32 66.599-25.34-7.798 24.366-24.366 44.833-46.132 57.827 21.117-2.273 41.584-8.122 60.426-16.243-14.292 20.791-32.161 39.308-52.628 54.253z"/></svg>[@mitchoharawild](https://twitter.com/mitchoharawild))
### Ursula Laa (<svg style="height:0.8em;top:.04em;position:relative;fill:#1da1f2;" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path d="M459.37 151.716c.325 4.548.325 9.097.325 13.645 0 138.72-105.583 298.558-298.558 298.558-59.452 0-114.68-17.219-161.137-47.106 8.447.974 16.568 1.299 25.34 1.299 49.055 0 94.213-16.568 130.274-44.832-46.132-.975-84.792-31.188-98.112-72.772 6.498.974 12.995 1.624 19.818 1.624 9.421 0 18.843-1.3 27.614-3.573-48.081-9.747-84.143-51.98-84.143-102.985v-1.299c13.969 7.797 30.214 12.67 47.431 13.319-28.264-18.843-46.781-51.005-46.781-87.391 0-19.492 5.197-37.36 14.294-52.954 51.655 63.675 129.3 105.258 216.365 109.807-1.624-7.797-2.599-15.918-2.599-24.04 0-57.828 46.782-104.934 104.934-104.934 30.213 0 57.502 12.67 76.67 33.137 23.715-4.548 46.456-13.32 66.599-25.34-7.798 24.366-24.366 44.833-46.132 57.827 21.117-2.273 41.584-8.122 60.426-16.243-14.292 20.791-32.161 39.308-52.628 54.253z"/></svg>[@UschiLaa](https://twitter.com/UschiLaa/))
### Nicholas Spyrison (<svg style="height:0.8em;top:.04em;position:relative;fill:#1da1f2;" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path d="M459.37 151.716c.325 4.548.325 9.097.325 13.645 0 138.72-105.583 298.558-298.558 298.558-59.452 0-114.68-17.219-161.137-47.106 8.447.974 16.568 1.299 25.34 1.299 49.055 0 94.213-16.568 130.274-44.832-46.132-.975-84.792-31.188-98.112-72.772 6.498.974 12.995 1.624 19.818 1.624 9.421 0 18.843-1.3 27.614-3.573-48.081-9.747-84.143-51.98-84.143-102.985v-1.299c13.969 7.797 30.214 12.67 47.431 13.319-28.264-18.843-46.781-51.005-46.781-87.391 0-19.492 5.197-37.36 14.294-52.954 51.655 63.675 129.3 105.258 216.365 109.807-1.624-7.797-2.599-15.918-2.599-24.04 0-57.828 46.782-104.934 104.934-104.934 30.213 0 57.502 12.67 76.67 33.137 23.715-4.548 46.456-13.32 66.599-25.34-7.798 24.366-24.366 44.833-46.132 57.827 21.117-2.273 41.584-8.122 60.426-16.243-14.292 20.791-32.161 39.308-52.628 54.253z"/></svg>[@nspyrison](https://twitter.com/nspyrison/))
### 22 March 2019
### Slides @ [mitchelloharawild.com/wombat-gganimate](https://mitchelloharawild.com/wombat-gganimate)
]
---
class: inverse
---
class: inverse
.animated.rubberBand.title[gganimate]
.sticker-float[]
---
class: inverse
.title[gganimate]
.sticker-float[]
.animated.rubberBand[
.desc[The grammar of animation]
]
---
class: inverse
.title[gganimate]
.sticker-float[]
.desc[The grammar of animation]
.bottom[
.animated.zoomInDown[
### Mitchell O'Hara-Wild (<svg style="height:0.8em;top:.04em;position:relative;fill:#1da1f2;" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path d="M459.37 151.716c.325 4.548.325 9.097.325 13.645 0 138.72-105.583 298.558-298.558 298.558-59.452 0-114.68-17.219-161.137-47.106 8.447.974 16.568 1.299 25.34 1.299 49.055 0 94.213-16.568 130.274-44.832-46.132-.975-84.792-31.188-98.112-72.772 6.498.974 12.995 1.624 19.818 1.624 9.421 0 18.843-1.3 27.614-3.573-48.081-9.747-84.143-51.98-84.143-102.985v-1.299c13.969 7.797 30.214 12.67 47.431 13.319-28.264-18.843-46.781-51.005-46.781-87.391 0-19.492 5.197-37.36 14.294-52.954 51.655 63.675 129.3 105.258 216.365 109.807-1.624-7.797-2.599-15.918-2.599-24.04 0-57.828 46.782-104.934 104.934-104.934 30.213 0 57.502 12.67 76.67 33.137 23.715-4.548 46.456-13.32 66.599-25.34-7.798 24.366-24.366 44.833-46.132 57.827 21.117-2.273 41.584-8.122 60.426-16.243-14.292 20.791-32.161 39.308-52.628 54.253z"/></svg>[@mitchoharawild](https://twitter.com/mitchoharawild))
### Ursula Laa (<svg style="height:0.8em;top:.04em;position:relative;fill:#1da1f2;" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path d="M459.37 151.716c.325 4.548.325 9.097.325 13.645 0 138.72-105.583 298.558-298.558 298.558-59.452 0-114.68-17.219-161.137-47.106 8.447.974 16.568 1.299 25.34 1.299 49.055 0 94.213-16.568 130.274-44.832-46.132-.975-84.792-31.188-98.112-72.772 6.498.974 12.995 1.624 19.818 1.624 9.421 0 18.843-1.3 27.614-3.573-48.081-9.747-84.143-51.98-84.143-102.985v-1.299c13.969 7.797 30.214 12.67 47.431 13.319-28.264-18.843-46.781-51.005-46.781-87.391 0-19.492 5.197-37.36 14.294-52.954 51.655 63.675 129.3 105.258 216.365 109.807-1.624-7.797-2.599-15.918-2.599-24.04 0-57.828 46.782-104.934 104.934-104.934 30.213 0 57.502 12.67 76.67 33.137 23.715-4.548 46.456-13.32 66.599-25.34-7.798 24.366-24.366 44.833-46.132 57.827 21.117-2.273 41.584-8.122 60.426-16.243-14.292 20.791-32.161 39.308-52.628 54.253z"/></svg>[@UschiLaa](https://twitter.com/UschiLaa/))
### Nicholas Spyrison (<svg style="height:0.8em;top:.04em;position:relative;fill:#1da1f2;" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path d="M459.37 151.716c.325 4.548.325 9.097.325 13.645 0 138.72-105.583 298.558-298.558 298.558-59.452 0-114.68-17.219-161.137-47.106 8.447.974 16.568 1.299 25.34 1.299 49.055 0 94.213-16.568 130.274-44.832-46.132-.975-84.792-31.188-98.112-72.772 6.498.974 12.995 1.624 19.818 1.624 9.421 0 18.843-1.3 27.614-3.573-48.081-9.747-84.143-51.98-84.143-102.985v-1.299c13.969 7.797 30.214 12.67 47.431 13.319-28.264-18.843-46.781-51.005-46.781-87.391 0-19.492 5.197-37.36 14.294-52.954 51.655 63.675 129.3 105.258 216.365 109.807-1.624-7.797-2.599-15.918-2.599-24.04 0-57.828 46.782-104.934 104.934-104.934 30.213 0 57.502 12.67 76.67 33.137 23.715-4.548 46.456-13.32 66.599-25.34-7.798 24.366-24.366 44.833-46.132 57.827 21.117-2.273 41.584-8.122 60.426-16.243-14.292 20.791-32.161 39.308-52.628 54.253z"/></svg>[@nspyrison](https://twitter.com/nspyrison/))
### &nbsp;
### &nbsp;
]
]
---
class: inverse
.title[gganimate]
.sticker-float[]
.desc[The grammar of animation]
.bottom[
### Mitchell O'Hara-Wild (<svg style="height:0.8em;top:.04em;position:relative;fill:#1da1f2;" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path d="M459.37 151.716c.325 4.548.325 9.097.325 13.645 0 138.72-105.583 298.558-298.558 298.558-59.452 0-114.68-17.219-161.137-47.106 8.447.974 16.568 1.299 25.34 1.299 49.055 0 94.213-16.568 130.274-44.832-46.132-.975-84.792-31.188-98.112-72.772 6.498.974 12.995 1.624 19.818 1.624 9.421 0 18.843-1.3 27.614-3.573-48.081-9.747-84.143-51.98-84.143-102.985v-1.299c13.969 7.797 30.214 12.67 47.431 13.319-28.264-18.843-46.781-51.005-46.781-87.391 0-19.492 5.197-37.36 14.294-52.954 51.655 63.675 129.3 105.258 216.365 109.807-1.624-7.797-2.599-15.918-2.599-24.04 0-57.828 46.782-104.934 104.934-104.934 30.213 0 57.502 12.67 76.67 33.137 23.715-4.548 46.456-13.32 66.599-25.34-7.798 24.366-24.366 44.833-46.132 57.827 21.117-2.273 41.584-8.122 60.426-16.243-14.292 20.791-32.161 39.308-52.628 54.253z"/></svg>[@mitchoharawild](https://twitter.com/mitchoharawild))
### Ursula Laa (<svg style="height:0.8em;top:.04em;position:relative;fill:#1da1f2;" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path d="M459.37 151.716c.325 4.548.325 9.097.325 13.645 0 138.72-105.583 298.558-298.558 298.558-59.452 0-114.68-17.219-161.137-47.106 8.447.974 16.568 1.299 25.34 1.299 49.055 0 94.213-16.568 130.274-44.832-46.132-.975-84.792-31.188-98.112-72.772 6.498.974 12.995 1.624 19.818 1.624 9.421 0 18.843-1.3 27.614-3.573-48.081-9.747-84.143-51.98-84.143-102.985v-1.299c13.969 7.797 30.214 12.67 47.431 13.319-28.264-18.843-46.781-51.005-46.781-87.391 0-19.492 5.197-37.36 14.294-52.954 51.655 63.675 129.3 105.258 216.365 109.807-1.624-7.797-2.599-15.918-2.599-24.04 0-57.828 46.782-104.934 104.934-104.934 30.213 0 57.502 12.67 76.67 33.137 23.715-4.548 46.456-13.32 66.599-25.34-7.798 24.366-24.366 44.833-46.132 57.827 21.117-2.273 41.584-8.122 60.426-16.243-14.292 20.791-32.161 39.308-52.628 54.253z"/></svg>[@UschiLaa](https://twitter.com/UschiLaa/))
### Nicholas Spyrison (<svg style="height:0.8em;top:.04em;position:relative;fill:#1da1f2;" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path d="M459.37 151.716c.325 4.548.325 9.097.325 13.645 0 138.72-105.583 298.558-298.558 298.558-59.452 0-114.68-17.219-161.137-47.106 8.447.974 16.568 1.299 25.34 1.299 49.055 0 94.213-16.568 130.274-44.832-46.132-.975-84.792-31.188-98.112-72.772 6.498.974 12.995 1.624 19.818 1.624 9.421 0 18.843-1.3 27.614-3.573-48.081-9.747-84.143-51.98-84.143-102.985v-1.299c13.969 7.797 30.214 12.67 47.431 13.319-28.264-18.843-46.781-51.005-46.781-87.391 0-19.492 5.197-37.36 14.294-52.954 51.655 63.675 129.3 105.258 216.365 109.807-1.624-7.797-2.599-15.918-2.599-24.04 0-57.828 46.782-104.934 104.934-104.934 30.213 0 57.502 12.67 76.67 33.137 23.715-4.548 46.456-13.32 66.599-25.34-7.798 24.366-24.366 44.833-46.132 57.827 21.117-2.273 41.584-8.122 60.426-16.243-14.292 20.791-32.161 39.308-52.628 54.253z"/></svg>[@nspyrison](https://twitter.com/nspyrison/))
.animated.bounceInRight[
### 22 March 2019
### Slides @ [mitchelloharawild.com/wombat-gganimate](https://mitchelloharawild.com/wombat-gganimate)
]
]
---
class: inverse
.animated.hinge.title[gganimate]
.animated.hinge.sticker-float[]
.animated.hinge[
.desc[The grammar of animation]
]
.animated.hinge.bottom[
### Mitchell O'Hara-Wild (<svg style="height:0.8em;top:.04em;position:relative;fill:#1da1f2;" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path d="M459.37 151.716c.325 4.548.325 9.097.325 13.645 0 138.72-105.583 298.558-298.558 298.558-59.452 0-114.68-17.219-161.137-47.106 8.447.974 16.568 1.299 25.34 1.299 49.055 0 94.213-16.568 130.274-44.832-46.132-.975-84.792-31.188-98.112-72.772 6.498.974 12.995 1.624 19.818 1.624 9.421 0 18.843-1.3 27.614-3.573-48.081-9.747-84.143-51.98-84.143-102.985v-1.299c13.969 7.797 30.214 12.67 47.431 13.319-28.264-18.843-46.781-51.005-46.781-87.391 0-19.492 5.197-37.36 14.294-52.954 51.655 63.675 129.3 105.258 216.365 109.807-1.624-7.797-2.599-15.918-2.599-24.04 0-57.828 46.782-104.934 104.934-104.934 30.213 0 57.502 12.67 76.67 33.137 23.715-4.548 46.456-13.32 66.599-25.34-7.798 24.366-24.366 44.833-46.132 57.827 21.117-2.273 41.584-8.122 60.426-16.243-14.292 20.791-32.161 39.308-52.628 54.253z"/></svg>[@mitchoharawild](https://twitter.com/mitchoharawild))
### Ursula Laa (<svg style="height:0.8em;top:.04em;position:relative;fill:#1da1f2;" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path d="M459.37 151.716c.325 4.548.325 9.097.325 13.645 0 138.72-105.583 298.558-298.558 298.558-59.452 0-114.68-17.219-161.137-47.106 8.447.974 16.568 1.299 25.34 1.299 49.055 0 94.213-16.568 130.274-44.832-46.132-.975-84.792-31.188-98.112-72.772 6.498.974 12.995 1.624 19.818 1.624 9.421 0 18.843-1.3 27.614-3.573-48.081-9.747-84.143-51.98-84.143-102.985v-1.299c13.969 7.797 30.214 12.67 47.431 13.319-28.264-18.843-46.781-51.005-46.781-87.391 0-19.492 5.197-37.36 14.294-52.954 51.655 63.675 129.3 105.258 216.365 109.807-1.624-7.797-2.599-15.918-2.599-24.04 0-57.828 46.782-104.934 104.934-104.934 30.213 0 57.502 12.67 76.67 33.137 23.715-4.548 46.456-13.32 66.599-25.34-7.798 24.366-24.366 44.833-46.132 57.827 21.117-2.273 41.584-8.122 60.426-16.243-14.292 20.791-32.161 39.308-52.628 54.253z"/></svg>[@UschiLaa](https://twitter.com/UschiLaa/))
### Nicholas Spyrison (<svg style="height:0.8em;top:.04em;position:relative;fill:#1da1f2;" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path d="M459.37 151.716c.325 4.548.325 9.097.325 13.645 0 138.72-105.583 298.558-298.558 298.558-59.452 0-114.68-17.219-161.137-47.106 8.447.974 16.568 1.299 25.34 1.299 49.055 0 94.213-16.568 130.274-44.832-46.132-.975-84.792-31.188-98.112-72.772 6.498.974 12.995 1.624 19.818 1.624 9.421 0 18.843-1.3 27.614-3.573-48.081-9.747-84.143-51.98-84.143-102.985v-1.299c13.969 7.797 30.214 12.67 47.431 13.319-28.264-18.843-46.781-51.005-46.781-87.391 0-19.492 5.197-37.36 14.294-52.954 51.655 63.675 129.3 105.258 216.365 109.807-1.624-7.797-2.599-15.918-2.599-24.04 0-57.828 46.782-104.934 104.934-104.934 30.213 0 57.502 12.67 76.67 33.137 23.715-4.548 46.456-13.32 66.599-25.34-7.798 24.366-24.366 44.833-46.132 57.827 21.117-2.273 41.584-8.122 60.426-16.243-14.292 20.791-32.161 39.308-52.628 54.253z"/></svg>[@nspyrison](https://twitter.com/nspyrison/))
### 22 March 2019
### Slides @ [mitchelloharawild.com/wombat-gganimate](https://mitchelloharawild.com/wombat-gganimate)
]
]
---
## What is `gganimate`?
.pull-left[
An extension to the grammar of graphics for animation.
Specifically allows animations to be added to ggplot2 using a grammar of animation.
]
.pull-right[
<video autoplay>
<source src="resources/gganimate.mp4" type="video/mp4">
</video>
]
---
## Brief history of `gganimate`
.pull-left[
.rounded-circle[]
Author: David Robinson.
Primarily developed in 2016.
Interface featured frame-by-frame animation building.
]
.pull-right[
Author: Thomas Lin Pedersen.
Reimagined between 2017 and 2018.
Re-built completely to support a grammar of animation with smooth transitions.
]
---
class: center
## Why should I animate?
<hr>
### Improves graphical re-orientation in time and space.
<br>
--
### More compact delivery of information.
<br>
--
### Allows for guided exploration of data, great for talks.
<br>
--
.animated.bounceIn[
### Attention grabbing.
#### (Tired students? Zzz...)
]
---
## Considerations in making effective animations
<hr>
### Pace: speed of animation
Quick animations may be hard to follow.
Slow animations are boring and tedious.
--
### Perplex: amount of information
It is easy for animations to be overwhelming and confusing.
Multiple simple animations can be easier to digest.
--
### Purpose: Usefulness of using animation
Is animation needed? Does it provide additional value?
---
## Usefulness of animation
### Static
<img src="figure/ts-static-1.png" style="display: block; margin: auto;" />
---
## Usefulness of animation
### Static
<img src="figure/ts-static-zoom-1.png" style="display: block; margin: auto;" />
---
## Usefulness of animation
### Animated
<video autoplay>
<source src="resources/ts-start.mp4" type="video/mp4">
</video>
---
## Usefulness of animation
### Animated
<video autoplay>
<source src="resources/ts-zoom.mp4" type="video/mp4">
</video>
---
## Usefulness of animation
### Interactive
<iframe src="resources/electricity_plotly.html" width = "1000px", height = "400px" seamless="seamless" frameBorder="0"></iframe>
---
## Usefulness of animation
### Static
<img src="figure/bc-static-1.png" style="display: block; margin: auto;" />
---
## Usefulness of animation
### Animated
<img src="figure/bc-anim-1.gif" style="display: block; margin: auto;" />
---
## Usefulness of animation
### Interactive
<iframe src="https://ebsmonash.shinyapps.io/gganimateBoxCox/?showcase=0" width="100%" height="650px"></iframe>
---
class: inverse, center, middle
.sticker-float[]
.title[Your turn]
# Think how you can use animations
---
## The basis - ggplot2
<hr>
<br>
> a system for declaratively creating graphics, based on "The Grammar of Graphics"
Based on three simple concepts:
* __Data__: input data should be formated in a data frame, where each column is a variable, and each row is an observation
* __Mapping__: declaring a mapping of input data variables onto aestetics
* __geoms__: the graphical primitives, e.g. geom_line, geom_point
---
## Basic workflow
<hr>
<br>
<br>
--
### Initialise a ggplot by passing in data and mapping
--
### Add layers with graphical primitives (geoms)
--
### Add formatting specifications
--
### Add animation specifications
<br>
--
### Let's try some simple examples!
---
## A simple example
### Using the economics dataset
Let's start by passing the data to ggplot
.left-code[
```r
*ggplot(economics)
```
]
.right-plot[
<img src="figure/output1-1.png" style="display: block; margin: auto;" />
]
---
## A simple example
### Using the economics dataset
The next step is to add the mapping
.left-code[
```r
ggplot(economics) +
* aes(date, unemploy)
```
]
.right-plot[
<img src="figure/output2-1.png" style="display: block; margin: auto;" />
]
---
## A simple example
### Using the economics dataset
Now we can add a graphical primitive, let's try a scatter plot
.left-code[
```r
ggplot(economics) +
aes(date, unemploy) +
* geom_point()
```
]
.right-plot[
<img src="figure/output3-1.png" style="display: block; margin: auto;" />
]
---
## A simple example
### Using the economics dataset
Actually a line graph is better suited in this case
.left-code[
```r
ggplot(economics) +
aes(date, unemploy) +
* geom_line()
```
]
.right-plot[
<img src="figure/output4-1.png" style="display: block; margin: auto;" />
]
---
## A simple example
### Using the economics dataset
Just one extra line turns this into an animation!
.left-code[
```r
ggplot(economics) +
aes(date, unemploy) +
geom_line() +
* transition_reveal(date)
```
]
.right-plot[
<img src="figure/output5-anim-1.gif" style="display: block; margin: auto;" />
]
---
## A not-so-simple example, the datasaurus dozen
Again, we first pass in the dataset to ggplot
.left-code[
```r
*ggplot(datasaurus_dozen)
```
]
.right-plot[
<img src="figure/output5-1.png" style="display: block; margin: auto;" />
]
---
## A not-so-simple example, the datasaurus dozen
For each dataset we have x and y values, in addition we can map dataset to color
.left-code[
```r
ggplot(datasaurus_dozen) +
* aes(x, y, color=dataset)
```
]
.right-plot[
<img src="figure/output6-1.png" style="display: block; margin: auto;" />
]
---
## A not-so-simple example, the datasaurus dozen
Trying a simple scatter plot first, but there is too much information
.left-code[
```r
ggplot(datasaurus_dozen) +
aes(x, y, color=dataset) +
* geom_point()
```
]
.right-plot[
<img src="figure/output7-1.png" style="display: block; margin: auto;" />
]
---
## A not-so-simple example, the datasaurus dozen
We can use facets to split up by dataset, revealing the different distributions
.left-code[
```r
ggplot(datasaurus_dozen) +
aes(x, y, color=dataset) +
geom_point() +
* facet_wrap(~dataset)
```
]
.right-plot[
<img src="figure/output8-1.png" style="display: block; margin: auto;" />
]
---
## A not-so-simple example, the datasaurus dozen
We can just as easily turn it into an animation, transitioning between dataset states!
.left-code[
```r
ggplot(datasaurus_dozen) +
aes(x, y) +
geom_point() +
* transition_states(dataset, 3, 1) +
* labs(title = "Dataset: {closest_state}")
```
]
.right-plot[
<img src="figure/output9-1.gif" style="display: block; margin: auto;" />
]
---
class: inverse, middle
.sticker-float[]
# The grammar of animation
<hr>
### Controlling plot movement with:
- ### Transitions
- ### Views
- ### Shadows
- ### Entrances/Exits
- ### Easing
---
## Transitions
How the data changes through the animation.
<table class="table" style="font-size: 26px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
<thead>
<tr>
<th style="text-align:left;"> Function </th>
<th style="text-align:left;"> Description </th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left;"> transition_manual </td>
<td style="text-align:left;"> Build an animation frame by frame (no tweening applied). </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left;"> transition_states </td>
<td style="text-align:left;"> Transition between frames of a plot (like moving between facets). </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left;"> transition_time </td>
<td style="text-align:left;"> Like transition_states, except animation pacing respects time. </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left;"> transition_components </td>
<td style="text-align:left;"> Independent animation of plot elements (by group). </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left;"> transition_reveal </td>
<td style="text-align:left;"> Gradually extends the data used to reveal more information. </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left;"> transition_layers </td>
<td style="text-align:left;"> Animate the addition of layers to the plot. Can also remove layers. </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left;"> transition_filter </td>
<td style="text-align:left;"> Transition between a collection of subsets from the data. </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left;"> transition_events </td>
<td style="text-align:left;"> Define entrance and exit times of each visual element (row of data). </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
---
## Transitions
Which transition was used in the following animations?
.pull-left[
<img src="figure/transition-layers-1.gif" style="display: block; margin: auto;" />
]
--
.pull-right[
`transition_layers()`
New layers are being added (and removed) over the dots.
]
--
<hr>
.pull-right[
]
--
.pull-left[
`transition_manual()`
No tweening is evident between frames, highlighting the discrete nature of the tiling function.
]
---
## Views
How the plot window changes through the animation.
<table class="table" style="font-size: 26px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
<thead>
<tr>
<th style="text-align:left;"> Function </th>
<th style="text-align:left;"> Description </th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left;"> view_follow </td>
<td style="text-align:left;"> Change the view to follow the range of current data. </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left;"> view_step </td>
<td style="text-align:left;"> Similar to view_follow, except the view is static between transitions. </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left;"> view_step_manual </td>
<td style="text-align:left;"> Same as view_step, except view ranges are manually defined. </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left;"> view_zoom </td>
<td style="text-align:left;"> Similar to view_step, but appears smoother by zooming out then in. </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left;"> view_zoom_manual </td>
<td style="text-align:left;"> Same as view_zoom, except view ranges are manually defined. </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
---
## Views
Which view was used in the following animations?
.pull-left[
<video autoplay>
<source src="resources/ts-zoom.mp4" type="video/mp4">
</video>
]
--
.pull-right[
`view_step_manual()`
The view is changed without modifying the data. You can see the lines are shown without margins.
]
--
<hr>
.pull-right[
<img src="figure/view-follow-1.gif" style="display: block; margin: auto;" />
]
--
.pull-left[
`view_follow()`
Plot axis follows the range of the data.
]
---
## Shadows
How the history of the animation is shown. Useful to indicate speed of changes.
<table class="table" style="font-size: 26px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
<thead>
<tr>
<th style="text-align:left;"> Function </th>
<th style="text-align:left;"> Description </th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left;"> shadow_mark </td>
<td style="text-align:left;"> Previous (and/or future) frames leave permananent background marks. </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left;"> shadow_trail </td>
<td style="text-align:left;"> Similar to shadow_mark, except marks are from tweened data. </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left;"> shadow_wake </td>
<td style="text-align:left;"> Shows a shadow which diminishes in size and/or opacity over time. </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
---
## Shadows
Which shadow was used in the following animations?
.pull-left[
<img src="figure/shadow-wake-1.gif" style="display: block; margin: auto;" />
]
--
.pull-right[
`shadow_wake()`
The older tails of the points shrink in size, leaving a "wake" behind it.
]
--
<hr>
.pull-right[
<img src="figure/shadow-mark-1.gif" style="display: block; margin: auto;" />
]
--
.pull-left[
`shadow_mark()`
Permanent marks are left by previous points in the animation.
]
---
## Entrances and exits
How elements of the plot appear and disappear.
<table class="table" style="font-size: 26px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
<thead>
<tr>
<th style="text-align:left;"> Function </th>
<th style="text-align:left;"> Description </th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left;"> enter_appear/exit_disappear </td>
<td style="text-align:left;"> Poof! Instantly appears or disappears. </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left;"> enter_fade/exit_fade </td>
<td style="text-align:left;"> Opacity is used to fade in or out the elements. </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left;"> enter_grow/exit_shrink </td>
<td style="text-align:left;"> Element size will grow from or shrink to zero. </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left;"> enter_recolour/exit_recolour </td>
<td style="text-align:left;"> Change element colours to blend into the background. </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left;"> enter_fly/exit_fly </td>
<td style="text-align:left;"> Elements will move from/to a specific x,y position. </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left;"> enter_drift/exit_drift </td>
<td style="text-align:left;"> Elements will shift relative from/to their x,y position. </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left;"> enter_reset/exit_reset </td>
<td style="text-align:left;"> Clear all previously added entrace/exits. </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
---
## Animation controls
How data moves from one position to another.
```r
p + ease_aes({aesthetic} = {ease})
p + ease_aes(x = "cubic")
```
[](https://easings.net/)
.footnote[
Source: https://easings.net/
]
---
class: inverse, center, middle
.sticker-float[]
.title[Your turn]
# Making the gapminder animation
<iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube-nocookie.com/embed/jbkSRLYSojo?rel=0&amp;start=240" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen></iframe>
---
## Making the gapminder animation
### Load the data and set the theme
.left-code[
```r
*library(gapminder)
*theme_set(theme_bw())
```
]
.right-plot[
]
---
## Making the gapminder animation
### Define the aesthetics
.left-code[
```r
library(gapminder)
theme_set(theme_bw())
*ggplot(gapminder) +
* aes(x = gdpPercap, y=lifeExp,
* size = pop, colour = country)
```
]
.right-plot[
<img src="figure/gm_output2-1.png" style="display: block; margin: auto;" />
]
---
## Making the gapminder animation
### The plot is feeling a bit pointless...
.left-code[
```r
library(gapminder)
theme_set(theme_bw())
ggplot(gapminder) +
aes(x = gdpPercap, y=lifeExp,
size = pop, colour = country) +
* geom_point(show.legend = FALSE)
```
]
.right-plot[
<img src="figure/gm_output3-1.png" style="display: block; margin: auto;" />
]
---
## Making the gapminder animation
### Transform the axis
.left-code[
```r
library(gapminder)
theme_set(theme_bw())
ggplot(gapminder) +
aes(x = gdpPercap, y=lifeExp,
size = pop, colour = country) +
geom_point(show.legend = FALSE) +
* scale_x_log10()
```
]
.right-plot[
<img src="figure/gm_output4-1.png" style="display: block; margin: auto;" />
]
---
## Making the gapminder animation
### Customise the colour and size of points
.left-code[
```r
library(gapminder)
theme_set(theme_bw())
ggplot(gapminder) +
aes(x = gdpPercap, y=lifeExp,
size = pop, colour = country) +
geom_point(show.legend = FALSE) +
scale_x_log10() +
* scale_color_viridis_d() +
* scale_size(range = c(2, 12))
```
]
.right-plot[
<img src="figure/gm_output5-1.png" style="display: block; margin: auto;" />
]
---
## Making the gapminder animation
### Add some labels
.left-code[
```r
library(gapminder)
theme_set(theme_bw())
ggplot(gapminder) +
aes(x = gdpPercap, y=lifeExp,
size = pop, colour = country) +
geom_point(show.legend = FALSE) +
scale_x_log10() +
scale_color_viridis_d() +
scale_size(range = c(2, 12)) +
* labs(x = "GDP per capita", y = "Life expectancy")
```
]
.right-plot[
<img src="figure/gm_output7-1.png" style="display: block; margin: auto;" />
]
---
## Making the gapminder animation
### Time to animate!
```r
library(gapminder)
theme_set(theme_bw())
ggplot(gapminder) +
aes(x = gdpPercap, y=lifeExp,
size = pop, colour = country)) +
geom_point(show.legend = FALSE) +
scale_x_log10() +
scale_color_viridis_d() +
scale_size(range = c(2, 12)) +
labs(x = "GDP per capita", y = "Life expectancy") +
* ???
```
--
What are appropriate some appropriate animation features?
--
.pull-left[
- Transitions?
- Views?
]
.pull-right[
- Entrances/Exits?
- Shadows?
]
---
## Transition with time: animating over year
.left-code[
```r
library(gapminder)
theme_set(theme_bw())
ggplot(gapminder) +