game_functions.py

import sys
from time import sleep
import pygame

from bullet import Bullet
from alien import Alien

def check_keydown_events(event, ai_settings, screen, stats, sb, ship, aliens, 
        bullets):
    """Respond to keypress."""
    if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:
        ship.moving_right = True
    elif event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:
        ship.moving_left = True
    elif event.key == pygame.K_SPACE and stats.game_active:
        fire_bullet(ai_settings, screen, ship, bullets)
    elif event.key == pygame.K_p and not stats.game_active:
        start_game(ai_settings, screen, stats, sb, ship, aliens, bullets)
    elif event.key == pygame.K_q:
        store_high_score(stats)
        sys.exit()
            
def fire_bullet(ai_settings, screen, ship, bullets):
    """Fire a bullet if limit not reached yet."""
    # Create a new bullet and add it to the bullets group.
    if len(bullets) < ai_settings.bullets_allowed:
        new_bullet = Bullet(ai_settings, screen, ship)
        bullets.add(new_bullet)
    
def check_keyup_events(event, ship):
    """Respond to key release."""
    if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:
        ship.moving_right = False
    elif event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:
        ship.moving_left = False   

def check_events(ai_settings, screen, stats, sb, play_button, ship, aliens, 
        bullets):
    """Respond to keypresses and mouse events."""
    # Watch for keyboard and mouse events
    for event in pygame.event.get():
        if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
            store_high_score(stats)
            sys.exit()
        # When a KEYDOWN event is detected
        elif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
            check_keydown_events(event, ai_settings, screen, stats, sb, ship, 
                aliens, bullets)
        # When a KEYUP event is detected        
        elif event.type == pygame.KEYUP:
            check_keyup_events(event, ship)
        # Monitoring mouse events.
        elif event.type == pygame.MOUSEBUTTONDOWN:
            mouse_x, mouse_y = pygame.mouse.get_pos()
            check_play_button(ai_settings, screen, stats, sb, play_button, 
                ship, aliens, bullets, mouse_x, mouse_y)
            
def check_play_button(ai_settings, screen, stats, sb, play_button, 
    ship, aliens, bullets, mouse_x, mouse_y):
    """Start a new game when the player clicks Play."""
    button_clicked = play_button.rect.collidepoint(mouse_x, mouse_y)
    if button_clicked and not stats.game_active:
        start_game(ai_settings, screen, stats, sb, ship, aliens, bullets)
        
def start_game(ai_settings, screen, stats, sb, ship, aliens, bullets):
    """Start the game."""
    # Reset the dynamic game settings.
    ai_settings.initialize_dynamic_settings()
    # Hide the mouse cursor.
    pygame.mouse.set_visible(False)
    # Reset the game statistics.
    stats.reset_stats()
    stats.game_active = True
    # Reset the scoreboard and level images.
    sb.prep_images()
    #sb.prep_high_score()
    #sb.prep_level()
    #sb.prep_ships()
    # Empty the list of aliens and bullets.
    aliens.empty()
    bullets.empty()
    # Create a new fleet and center the ship.
    create_fleet(ai_settings, screen, ship, aliens)
    ship.center_ship()

def update_screen(ai_settings, screen, stats, sb, ship, aliens, bullets,
        play_button):
    """Update images on the screen and flip to the new screen."""
    # Redraw the screen during each pass through the loop.
    screen.fill(ai_settings.bg_color)
    # Redraw all bullets behind ship and aliens.
    for bullet in bullets.sprites():
        bullet.draw_bullet()
    # Redraw the ship.
    ship.blitme()
    # Redraw the alien.
    aliens.draw(screen)
    # Draw the score information.
    sb.show_score()
    # Draw the play button if the game is inactive.
    if not stats.game_active:
        play_button.draw_button()
    # Make the most recently drawn screen visible.
    pygame.display.flip()
    
def update_bullets(ai_settings, screen, stats, sb, ship, aliens, bullets):
    """Update position of bullets and get rid of old bullets."""
    # Update bullet positions.
    bullets.update()
    # Get rid of bullets that have disappeared.
    for bullet in bullets.copy():
        if bullet.rect.bottom <= 0:
            bullets.remove(bullet)
    # Check for any bullets that have hit aliens.
    # If so, get rid of the bullet and the alien.
    check_bullet_alien_collisions(ai_settings, screen, stats, sb, ship, 
        aliens, bullets)

def check_bullet_alien_collisions(ai_settings, screen, stats, sb, ship, 
        aliens, bullets):
    """Respond to a bullet-alien collision."""
    collisions = pygame.sprite.groupcollide(bullets, aliens, True, True)
    if collisions:
        for aliens in collisions.values():
            stats.score += ai_settings.alien_points * len(aliens)
            sb.prep_score()
        check_high_score(stats, sb)
    # Repopulating the Fleet
    if len(aliens) == 0:
        start_new_level(ai_settings, screen, stats, sb, ship, 
        aliens, bullets)
        
def start_new_level(ai_settings, screen, stats, sb, ship, 
        aliens, bullets):
    """
    Start a new level: destroy existing bullets, speed up the game, 
    leveling up, and create a new fleet."""
    bullets.empty()
    ai_settings.increase_speed()
    stats.level += 1
    sb.prep_level()
    create_fleet(ai_settings, screen, ship, aliens)

def get_number_aliens_x(ai_settings, alien_width):
    """Determine the number of aliens that fit in a row."""
    # Spacing between each alien and side margins are equal to one alien width.
    available_space_x = ai_settings.screen_width - 2 * alien_width
    number_aliens_x = int(available_space_x / (2 * alien_width))
    return number_aliens_x
    
def get_number_rows(ai_settings, ship_height, alien_height):
    """Determine the number of rows of aliens that fit on the screen."""
    available_space_y = (ai_settings.screen_height - 
                            (3 *  alien_height) - ship_height)
    number_rows = int(available_space_y / (2 * alien_height))
    return number_rows
    
def create_alien(ai_settings, screen, aliens, alien_number, row_number):
    """Create an alien and place it in the row."""
    alien = Alien(ai_settings, screen)
    alien_width = alien.rect.width
    alien.x  = alien_width + 2 * alien_width * alien_number
    alien.rect.x = alien.x
    alien.rect.y = alien.rect.height + 2 * alien.rect.height * row_number
    aliens.add(alien)
    
def create_fleet(ai_settings, screen, ship, aliens):
    """Create a full fleet of aliens."""
    # Create an alien and find the number of aliens in a row.
    alien = Alien(ai_settings, screen)
    number_aliens_x = get_number_aliens_x(ai_settings, alien.rect.width)
    number_rows = get_number_rows(ai_settings, ship.rect.height,
        alien.rect.height)
    # Create the fleet of aliens.
    for row_number in range(number_rows):
        for alien_number in range(number_aliens_x):
            create_alien(ai_settings, screen, aliens, alien_number,
                row_number)
                
def check_fleet_edges(ai_settings, aliens):
    """Respond appropriately if any aliens have reached an edge."""
    for alien in aliens.sprites():
        if alien.check_edges():
            change_fleet_direction(ai_settings, aliens)
            break

def change_fleet_direction(ai_settings, aliens):
    """Drop the entire fleet and change the fleet's direction."""
    for alien in aliens.sprites():
        alien.rect.y += ai_settings.fleet_drop_speed
    ai_settings.fleet_direction *= -1
                
def ship_hit(ai_settings, stats, screen, sb, ship, aliens, bullets):
    """Respond to ship being hit by alien."""
    if stats.ships_left > 0:
        # Decrement ship left.
        stats.ships_left -=1
        # Update scoreboard.
        sb.prep_ships()
        # Empty the list of aliens and bullets.
        aliens.empty()
        bullets.empty()
        # Create a new fleet and center the ship.
        create_fleet(ai_settings, screen, ship, aliens)
        ship.center_ship()
        # Pause.
        sleep(1)
    else:
        stats.game_active = False
        pygame.mouse.set_visible(True)
    
def check_aliens_bottom(ai_settings, stats, screen, sb, ship, aliens, bullets):
    """Check if any aliens have reached the bottom of the screen."""
    screen_rect = screen.get_rect()
    for alien in aliens.sprites():
        if alien.rect.bottom >= screen_rect.bottom:
            # Treat this the same as if the ship got hit.
            ship_hit(ai_settings, stats, screen, sb, ship, aliens, bullets)
            break    

def update_aliens(ai_settings, stats, screen, sb, ship, aliens, bullets):
    """
    Check if the fleet is at an edgr, 
      and then update the positions of all aliens in the fleet.
    """
    check_fleet_edges(ai_settings, aliens)
    aliens.update()
    # Look for alien-ship collision.
    if pygame.sprite.spritecollideany(ship, aliens):
        ship_hit(ai_settings, stats, screen, sb, ship, aliens, bullets)
    # Look for aliens hitting the bottom.
    check_aliens_bottom(ai_settings, stats, screen, sb, ship, aliens, bullets)
    
def check_high_score(stats, sb):
    """Check to see if there is a new high score."""
    if stats.score > stats.high_score:
        stats.high_score = stats.score
        sb.prep_high_score()

def store_high_score(stats):
    """Store the high score in the high_score.txt when the game ends."""
    with open('high_score.txt', 'w') as f_obj:
        f_obj.write(str(stats.high_score))