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http/transport-component.md

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+# HTTP Transport Component <!-- omit in toc -->
+
+| Lifecycle Stage | Maturity      | Status | Latest Revision |
+| --------------- | ------------- | ------ | --------------- |
+| 1A              | Working Draft | Active | r0, 2023-05-31  |
+
+Authors: [@marcopolo]
+
+Interest Group: [@marcopolo], [@mxinden], [@marten-seemann]
+
+[@marcopolo]: https://github.com/marcopolo
+[@mxinden]: https://github.com/mxinden
+[@marten-seemann]: https://github.com/marten-seemann
+
+## Table of Contents <!-- omit in toc -->
+- [Context](#context)
+- [What is an HTTP transport](#what-is-an-http-transport)
+- [Multiaddr representation](#multiaddr-representation)
+- [HTTP Paths](#http-paths)
+
+
+## Context
+
+This document is only about advertising support for an HTTP transport. It
+doesn't make any assertions about how libp2p should interact with that
+transport. That will be defined in a future document.
+
+This exists to clarify the role of the `/http` component in Multiaddrs early to
+avoid confusion and conflicting interpretations.
+
+## What is an HTTP transport
+
+An HTTP transport is simply a node that can speak some standardized version of
+HTTP. Intuitively if you can `curl` it with HTTP, then it speaks HTTP.
+
+Most environments will have a way to create an HTTP Client and Server, and the
+specific HTTP version used will be opaque. We use the `/http` component at the
+end of the multidadr to signal that this server supports an HTTP transport. The
+end user agent decides on HTTP version to use, based on the multiaddr prefix,
+application, server negotiation, and specific use case. This follows what
+existing `http://` URL implementations do.
+
+## Multiaddr representation
+
+The multiaddr of a node with an HTTP transport ends with `/http` and is prefixed
+by information that would let an HTTP client know how to reach the server
+(remember that multiaddrs are [interpreted right to
+left](https://github.com/multiformats/multiaddr#interpreting-multiaddrs)). 
+
+The following are examples of multiaddrs for HTTP transport capable nodes:
+
+* `/dns/example.com/tls/http`
+* `/ip4/1.2.3.4/tcp/443/tls/http`
+* `/ip6/2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334/tcp/443/tls/http`
+* `/ip4/1.2.3.4/udp/50781/tls/http`
+
+
+## HTTP Paths
+
+It may be tempting to add an HTTP path to end of the multiaddr to specify some
+information about a user protocol. However the `/http` component is not a user
+protocol, and it doesn't accept any parameters. It only signals that a node is
+capable of an HTTP transport.
+
+The HTTP Path exists in the user protocol level. HTTP Semantics are transport-agnostic, and defined by [RFC 9110](https://httpwg.org/specs/rfc9110.html). You can
+use these semantics on any transport including, but not limited to, the HTTP
+transports like [HTTP/1.1](https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7235), [HTTP/2](https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc9113), or [HTTP/3](https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc9114).
+
+For example, say you want to fetch a file using the [IPFS trustless HTTP
+gateway](https://specs.ipfs.tech/http-gateways/trustless-gateway/). It may be tempting to
+use the following multiaddr to reference a file:
+
+```
+/ip4/127.0.0.1/tcp/8080/http/httppath/ipfs%2fbafybeigdyrzt5sfp7udm7hu76uh7y26nf3efuylqabf3oclgtqy55fbzdi
+```
+
+But `/http` is a transport and it doesn't accept any parameters. It would be the
+same as if we used the following multiaddr:
+
+```
+/ip4/127.0.0.1/udp/1234/quic-v1/httppath/ipfs%2fbafybeigdyrzt5sfp7udm7hu76uh7y26nf3efuylqabf3oclgtqy55fbzdi
+```
+
+What does `httppath/` mean here? Does it mean make a `GET` request? How would
+you make a `POST` request? What about headers? Does it leave that unspecified
+and ask the user to specify that as they would with curl?
+
+We could be more precise here and specify a `/GET` component to the multiaddr
+that accepts parameters and describes what user protocol we are trying to do
+here.
+
+```
+/ip4/127.0.0.1/udp/1234/http/GET/httppath/ipfs%2fbafybeigdyrzt5sfp7udm7hu76uh7y26nf3efuylqabf3oclgtqy55fbzdi
+
+or
+
+/ip4/127.0.0.1/udp/1234/quic-v1/GET/httppath/ipfs%2fbafybeigdyrzt5sfp7udm7hu76uh7y26nf3efuylqabf3oclgtqy55fbzdi
+```
+
+This is fine since `httppath` passes the path parameter to `GET` which parses
+the rest of the multiaddr as the address of the node to connect to and make an
+HTTP GET request which can happen over an HTTP transport or any other transport
+(e.g. QUIC streams or yamux+noise+tcp).
+
+You may end up with a lot of duplicate information if you have many multiaddrs
+since each one will have the same suffix of `GET/httppath/...`. Therefore this
+isn't recommended, but may be useful if you just need one multiaddr
+with some extra protocol information.
+
+To summarize, HTTP Paths don't make sense appended to an `/http` component, but may make sense
+appended to some other custom user protocol component.