xcb.c

/*
 * vim:ts=4:sw=4:expandtab
 *
 * © 2010 Michael Stapelberg
 *
 * xcb.c: contains all functions which use XCB to talk to X11. Mostly wrappers
 *        around the rather complicated/ugly parts of the XCB API.
 *
 */

#include <xcb/composite.h>
#include <xcb/dpms.h>
#include <xcb/xcb.h>
#include <xcb/xcb_image.h>
#include <xcb/xcb_atom.h>
#include <xcb/xcb_aux.h>
#include <stdbool.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <assert.h>
#include <err.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <sys/time.h>

#include "cursors.h"
#include "unlock_indicator.h"
#include "xcb.h"

extern auth_state_t auth_state;

xcb_connection_t *conn;
xcb_screen_t *screen;

#define curs_invisible_width 8
#define curs_invisible_height 8

static unsigned char curs_invisible_bits[] = {0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
                                              0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00};

#define curs_windows_width 11
#define curs_windows_height 19

static unsigned char curs_windows_bits[] = {
    0xfe, 0x07, 0xfc, 0x07, 0xfa, 0x07, 0xf6, 0x07, 0xee, 0x07,
    0xde, 0x07, 0xbe, 0x07, 0x7e, 0x07, 0xfe, 0x06, 0xfe, 0x05,
    0x3e, 0x00, 0xb6, 0x07, 0x6a, 0x07, 0x6c, 0x07, 0xde, 0x06,
    0xdf, 0x06, 0xbf, 0x05, 0xbf, 0x05, 0x7f, 0x06};

#define mask_windows_width 11
#define mask_windows_height 19

static unsigned char mask_windows_bits[] = {
    0x01, 0x00, 0x03, 0x00, 0x07, 0x00, 0x0f, 0x00, 0x1f, 0x00,
    0x3f, 0x00, 0x7f, 0x00, 0xff, 0x00, 0xff, 0x01, 0xff, 0x03,
    0xff, 0x07, 0x7f, 0x00, 0xf7, 0x00, 0xf3, 0x00, 0xe1, 0x01,
    0xe0, 0x01, 0xc0, 0x03, 0xc0, 0x03, 0x80, 0x01};

static uint32_t get_colorpixel(char *hex) {
    char strgroups[3][3] = {
        {hex[0], hex[1], '\0'}, {hex[2], hex[3], '\0'}, {hex[4], hex[5], '\0'}};
    uint32_t rgb16[3] = {(strtol(strgroups[0], NULL, 16)),
                         (strtol(strgroups[1], NULL, 16)),
                         (strtol(strgroups[2], NULL, 16))};

    return (rgb16[0] << 16) + (rgb16[1] << 8) + rgb16[2];
}

xcb_visualtype_t *get_root_visual_type(xcb_screen_t *screen) {
    xcb_visualtype_t *visual_type = NULL;
    xcb_depth_iterator_t depth_iter;
    xcb_visualtype_iterator_t visual_iter;

    for (depth_iter = xcb_screen_allowed_depths_iterator(screen);
         depth_iter.rem; xcb_depth_next(&depth_iter)) {
        for (visual_iter = xcb_depth_visuals_iterator(depth_iter.data);
             visual_iter.rem; xcb_visualtype_next(&visual_iter)) {
            if (screen->root_visual != visual_iter.data->visual_id)
                continue;

            visual_type = visual_iter.data;
            return visual_type;
        }
    }

    return NULL;
}

xcb_pixmap_t create_bg_pixmap(xcb_connection_t *conn, xcb_screen_t *scr,
                              u_int32_t *resolution, char *color);

xcb_pixmap_t create_fg_pixmap(xcb_connection_t *conn, xcb_screen_t *scr,
                              u_int32_t *resolution) {
    /* Generate a big enough pixmap */
    xcb_pixmap_t final_pixmap = xcb_generate_id(conn);
    xcb_create_pixmap(conn, scr->root_depth, final_pixmap, scr->root,
                      resolution[0], resolution[1]);
    xcb_gcontext_t gc = xcb_generate_id(conn);
    const uint32_t gc_values[] = {1};
    xcb_create_gc(conn, gc, screen->root, XCB_GC_SUBWINDOW_MODE, gc_values);

    /* Iterate over all root window children */
    xcb_query_tree_reply_t *reply =
        xcb_query_tree_reply(conn, xcb_query_tree(conn, scr->root), NULL);
    xcb_window_t *children = xcb_query_tree_children(reply);
    xcb_get_window_attributes_cookie_t *attribs =
        (xcb_get_window_attributes_cookie_t *)malloc(
            sizeof(xcb_get_window_attributes_cookie_t) * reply->children_len);
    xcb_get_geometry_cookie_t *geos = (xcb_get_geometry_cookie_t *)malloc(
        sizeof(xcb_get_geometry_cookie_t) * reply->children_len);

    if (!attribs || !geos) {
        goto END;
    }

    for (int i = 0; i < reply->children_len; ++i) {
        /* Get attributes to check if input-only window */
        attribs[i] = xcb_get_window_attributes(conn, children[i]);
        geos[i] = xcb_get_geometry(conn, children[i]);
    }

    /* Copy root window background to final_pixmap */
    xcb_copy_area(conn, scr->root, final_pixmap, gc, 0, 0, 0, 0, resolution[0],
                  resolution[1]);

    for (int i = 0; i < reply->children_len; ++i) {
        /* Get attributes to check if input-only window */
        xcb_get_window_attributes_reply_t *attrib =
            xcb_get_window_attributes_reply(conn, attribs[i], NULL);

        /* If attributes are NULL then the window was destroyed */
        if (!attrib) {
            continue;
        }

        if (attrib->_class == XCB_WINDOW_CLASS_INPUT_ONLY) {
            free(attrib);
            continue;
        }
        free(attrib);

        /* Copy area to final_pixmap */
        xcb_get_geometry_reply_t *geo =
            xcb_get_geometry_reply(conn, geos[i], NULL);
        xcb_copy_area(conn, children[i], final_pixmap, gc, 0, 0, geo->x, geo->y,
                      geo->width, geo->height);
        free(geo);
    }
    free(geos);
    free(attribs);
END:
    free(reply);

    xcb_free_gc(conn, gc);

    return final_pixmap;
}

xcb_pixmap_t create_bg_pixmap(xcb_connection_t *conn, xcb_screen_t *scr,
                              u_int32_t *resolution, char *color) {
    xcb_pixmap_t bg_pixmap = xcb_generate_id(conn);
    xcb_create_pixmap(conn, scr->root_depth, bg_pixmap, scr->root,
                      resolution[0], resolution[1]);

    /* Generate a Graphics Context and fill the pixmap with background color
     * (for images that are smaller than your screen) */
    xcb_gcontext_t gc = xcb_generate_id(conn);
    uint32_t values[] = {get_colorpixel(color)};
    xcb_create_gc(conn, gc, bg_pixmap, XCB_GC_FOREGROUND, values);
    xcb_rectangle_t rect = {0, 0, resolution[0], resolution[1]};
    xcb_poly_fill_rectangle(conn, bg_pixmap, gc, 1, &rect);
    xcb_free_gc(conn, gc);

    return bg_pixmap;
}

xcb_window_t open_overlay_window(xcb_connection_t *conn, xcb_screen_t *scr) {
    xcb_composite_query_version_reply_t *ver_reply =
        xcb_composite_query_version_reply(
            conn, xcb_composite_query_version(conn, XCB_COMPOSITE_MAJOR_VERSION,
                                              XCB_COMPOSITE_MINOR_VERSION),
            NULL);
    xcb_composite_get_overlay_window_reply_t *comp_win_reply =
        xcb_composite_get_overlay_window_reply(
            conn, xcb_composite_get_overlay_window(conn, scr->root), NULL);

    xcb_window_t win = comp_win_reply->overlay_win;
    free(ver_reply);
    free(comp_win_reply);

    xcb_composite_redirect_subwindows(conn, scr->root,
                                      XCB_COMPOSITE_REDIRECT_AUTOMATIC);

    xcb_change_window_attributes(
        conn, scr->root, XCB_CW_EVENT_MASK,
        (uint32_t[1]){XCB_EVENT_MASK_STRUCTURE_NOTIFY |
                      XCB_EVENT_MASK_SUBSTRUCTURE_NOTIFY});

    return win;
}

xcb_window_t open_fullscreen_window(xcb_connection_t *conn, xcb_screen_t *scr,
                                    char *color, xcb_pixmap_t pixmap) {
    uint32_t mask = 0;
    uint32_t values[3];
    xcb_window_t win = xcb_generate_id(conn);

    if (pixmap == XCB_NONE) {
        mask |= XCB_CW_BACK_PIXEL;
        values[0] = get_colorpixel(color);
    } else {
        mask |= XCB_CW_BACK_PIXMAP;
        values[0] = pixmap;
    }

    mask |= XCB_CW_OVERRIDE_REDIRECT;
    values[1] = 1;

    mask |= XCB_CW_EVENT_MASK;
    values[2] = XCB_EVENT_MASK_EXPOSURE | XCB_EVENT_MASK_KEY_PRESS |
                XCB_EVENT_MASK_KEY_RELEASE | XCB_EVENT_MASK_VISIBILITY_CHANGE |
                XCB_EVENT_MASK_STRUCTURE_NOTIFY;

    xcb_create_window(
        conn, XCB_COPY_FROM_PARENT, win,                   /* the window id */
        scr->root,                                         /* parent == root */
        0, 0, scr->width_in_pixels, scr->height_in_pixels, /* dimensions */
        0, /* border = 0, we draw our own */
        XCB_WINDOW_CLASS_INPUT_OUTPUT,
        XCB_WINDOW_CLASS_COPY_FROM_PARENT, /* copy visual from parent */
        mask, values);

    char *name = "i3lock";
    xcb_change_property(conn, XCB_PROP_MODE_REPLACE, win, XCB_ATOM_WM_NAME,
                        XCB_ATOM_STRING, 8, strlen(name), name);

    /* Map the window (= make it visible) */
    xcb_map_window(conn, win);

    /* Raise window (put it on top) */
    values[0] = XCB_STACK_MODE_ABOVE;
    xcb_configure_window(conn, win, XCB_CONFIG_WINDOW_STACK_MODE, values);

    /* Ensure that the window is created and set up before returning */
    xcb_aux_sync(conn);

    return win;
}

/*
 * Repeatedly tries to grab pointer and keyboard (up to the specified number of
 * tries).
 *
 * Returns true if the grab succeeded, false if not.
 *
 */
bool grab_pointer_and_keyboard(xcb_connection_t *conn, xcb_screen_t *screen, xcb_cursor_t cursor, int tries) {
    xcb_grab_pointer_cookie_t pcookie;
    xcb_grab_pointer_reply_t *preply;

    xcb_grab_keyboard_cookie_t kcookie;
    xcb_grab_keyboard_reply_t *kreply;

    const suseconds_t screen_redraw_timeout = 100000; /* 100ms */

    /* Using few variables to trigger a redraw_screen() if too many tries */
    bool redrawn = false;
    struct timeval start;
    if (gettimeofday(&start, NULL) == -1) {
        err(EXIT_FAILURE, "gettimeofday");
    }

    while (tries-- > 0) {
        pcookie = xcb_grab_pointer(
            conn,
            false, /* get all pointer events specified by the following mask */
            screen->root,        /* grab the root window */
            XCB_NONE,            /* which events to let through */
            XCB_GRAB_MODE_ASYNC, /* pointer events should continue as normal */
            XCB_GRAB_MODE_ASYNC, /* keyboard mode */
            XCB_NONE, /* confine_to = in which window should the cursor stay */
            cursor,   /* we change the cursor to whatever the user wanted */
            XCB_CURRENT_TIME);

        if ((preply = xcb_grab_pointer_reply(conn, pcookie, NULL)) &&
            preply->status == XCB_GRAB_STATUS_SUCCESS) {
            free(preply);
            break;
        }

        /* Make this quite a bit slower */
        usleep(50);

        struct timeval now;
        if (gettimeofday(&now, NULL) == -1) {
            err(EXIT_FAILURE, "gettimeofday");
        }

        struct timeval elapsed;
        timersub(&now, &start, &elapsed);

        if (!redrawn &&
            (tries % 100) == 0 &&
            elapsed.tv_usec >= screen_redraw_timeout) {
            redraw_screen();
            redrawn = true;
        }
    }

    while (tries-- > 0) {
        kcookie = xcb_grab_keyboard(conn, true,   /* report events */
                                    screen->root, /* grab the root window */
                                    XCB_CURRENT_TIME,
                                    XCB_GRAB_MODE_ASYNC, /* process events as
                                                            normal, do not
                                                            require sync */
                                    XCB_GRAB_MODE_ASYNC);

        if ((kreply = xcb_grab_keyboard_reply(conn, kcookie, NULL)) &&
            kreply->status == XCB_GRAB_STATUS_SUCCESS) {
            free(kreply);
            break;
        }

        /* Make this quite a bit slower */
        usleep(50);

        struct timeval now;
        if (gettimeofday(&now, NULL) == -1) {
            err(EXIT_FAILURE, "gettimeofday");
        }

        struct timeval elapsed;
        timersub(&now, &start, &elapsed);

        /* Trigger a screen redraw if 100ms elapsed */
        if (!redrawn &&
            (tries % 100) == 0 &&
            elapsed.tv_usec >= screen_redraw_timeout) {
            redraw_screen();
            redrawn = true;
        }
    }

    return (tries > 0);
}

xcb_cursor_t create_cursor(xcb_connection_t *conn, xcb_screen_t *screen,
                           xcb_window_t win, int choice) {
    xcb_pixmap_t bitmap;
    xcb_pixmap_t mask;
    xcb_cursor_t cursor;

    unsigned char *curs_bits;
    unsigned char *mask_bits;
    int curs_w, curs_h;

    switch (choice) {
        case CURS_NONE:
            curs_bits = curs_invisible_bits;
            mask_bits = curs_invisible_bits;
            curs_w = curs_invisible_width;
            curs_h = curs_invisible_height;
            break;
        case CURS_WIN:
            curs_bits = curs_windows_bits;
            mask_bits = mask_windows_bits;
            curs_w = curs_windows_width;
            curs_h = curs_windows_height;
            break;
        case CURS_DEFAULT:
        default:
            return XCB_NONE; /* XCB_NONE is xcb's way of saying "don't change
                                the cursor" */
    }

    bitmap = xcb_create_pixmap_from_bitmap_data(conn, win, curs_bits, curs_w,
                                                curs_h, 1, screen->white_pixel,
                                                screen->black_pixel, NULL);

    mask = xcb_create_pixmap_from_bitmap_data(conn, win, mask_bits, curs_w,
                                              curs_h, 1, screen->white_pixel,
                                              screen->black_pixel, NULL);

    cursor = xcb_generate_id(conn);

    xcb_create_cursor(conn, cursor, bitmap, mask, 65535, 65535, 65535, 0, 0, 0,
                      0, 0);

    xcb_free_pixmap(conn, bitmap);
    xcb_free_pixmap(conn, mask);

    return cursor;
}

static xcb_atom_t _NET_ACTIVE_WINDOW = XCB_NONE;
void _init_net_active_window(xcb_connection_t *conn) {
    if (_NET_ACTIVE_WINDOW != XCB_NONE) {
        /* already initialized */
        return;
    }
    xcb_generic_error_t *err;
    xcb_intern_atom_reply_t *atom_reply = xcb_intern_atom_reply(
        conn,
        xcb_intern_atom(conn, 0, strlen("_NET_ACTIVE_WINDOW"), "_NET_ACTIVE_WINDOW"),
        &err);
    if (atom_reply == NULL) {
        fprintf(stderr, "X11 Error %d\n", err->error_code);
        free(err);
        return;
    }
    _NET_ACTIVE_WINDOW = atom_reply->atom;
    free(atom_reply);
}

xcb_window_t find_focused_window(xcb_connection_t *conn, const xcb_window_t root) {
    xcb_window_t result = XCB_NONE;

    _init_net_active_window(conn);

    xcb_get_property_reply_t *prop_reply = xcb_get_property_reply(
        conn,
        xcb_get_property_unchecked(
            conn, false, root, _NET_ACTIVE_WINDOW, XCB_GET_PROPERTY_TYPE_ANY, 0, 1 /* word */),
        NULL);
    if (prop_reply == NULL) {
        goto out;
    }
    if (xcb_get_property_value_length(prop_reply) == 0) {
        goto out_prop;
    }
    if (prop_reply->type != XCB_ATOM_WINDOW) {
        goto out_prop;
    }

    result = *((xcb_window_t *)xcb_get_property_value(prop_reply));

out_prop:
    free(prop_reply);
out:
    return result;
}

void set_focused_window(xcb_connection_t *conn, const xcb_window_t root, const xcb_window_t window) {
    xcb_client_message_event_t ev;
    memset(&ev, '\0', sizeof(xcb_client_message_event_t));

    _init_net_active_window(conn);

    ev.response_type = XCB_CLIENT_MESSAGE;
    ev.window = window;
    ev.type = _NET_ACTIVE_WINDOW;
    ev.format = 32;
    ev.data.data32[0] = 2; /* 2 = pager */

    xcb_send_event(conn, false, root, XCB_EVENT_MASK_SUBSTRUCTURE_REDIRECT, (char *)&ev);
    xcb_flush(conn);
}