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<title>Inesoi Bag Factory</title>
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<updated>2018-08-31T16:34:25.213Z</updated>
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<title>Amazon 操作技巧</title>
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<id>http://blog.inesoi.com/2018-8-25-amazon-seller-selling.html</id>
<published>2018-08-31T16:34:25.213Z</published>
<updated>2018-08-31T16:34:25.213Z</updated>
<content type="html"><![CDATA[<ul><li><a href="http://blog.bqool.cn/report-piggyback-listings/" target="_blank" rel="external">向亚马逊跟卖投诉 Report a violation 2018 最安全有效的招式与客服联系技巧-BQool 博客</a></li></ul>]]></content>
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<li><a href="http://blog.bqool.cn/report-piggyback-listings/" target="_blank" rel="external">向亚马逊跟卖投诉 Report a violation 2018 最安全有效的招式与
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<title>How to Ship Products When Import from China - Complete Guide</title>
<link href="http://blog.inesoi.com/how-to-ship-products-when-import-from-china.html"/>
<id>http://blog.inesoi.com/how-to-ship-products-when-import-from-china.html</id>
<published>2018-08-31T16:00:00.000Z</published>
<updated>2018-08-29T16:23:00.490Z</updated>
<content type="html"><![CDATA[<p>Being a sourcing agent who helps source products from China, we usually ship our large customers’ cargoes <strong>by full containers</strong>. For many other small customers who are satisfied with the price we quote, as they do not have much experience in importing from China, they always get confused about different shipping methods.</p><p>Some of them consider to ship by express in the beginning, but the cost is much higher than they expect even with small quantity. Some just want to ship 2CBM cargo by sea freight because it is the cheapest way, but only find the whole import & export process is complicated and expensive in the end.</p><p>If you are <strong>doing small business</strong> and usually import much less than 20GP container load products one time, or you just start your business in importing from China, this article can give you some useful suggestions about shipping, by analyzing different kinds of situation you may run into.</p><h2 id="1-International-Express-Fast-and-Most-Convenient-Way"><a href="#1-International-Express-Fast-and-Most-Convenient-Way" class="headerlink" title="1. International Express -Fast and Most Convenient Way"></a>1. International Express -Fast and Most Convenient Way</h2><p>For shipping <strong>less than 200Kg</strong> common products, there’s almost <strong>no better choice</strong> than sending by international express. If you can’t afford the express fee, maybe you can buy more products and ship together by sea freight, or you have to give up and buy from local suppliers. </p><p>International express (FedEx, DHL, UPS, etc.) is suitable for <strong>high-value products</strong> or products which need to be delivered to certain place very soon, such as fashion products including jewelry, clothing, or electronics.</p><p>There is one important thing you should keep in mind when using international express: they calculate the bulky cargo by <strong>dimension weight</strong> (length<em>width</em>height/5000). If you ship 200 mugs to Canada by DHL, the weight is 200g/mug, but the dimension weight is 300g/mug, then DHL will charge by 300g/mug. So that means products with big space will cost a lot express fee.<figure class="image-bubble"> <div class="img-lightbox"> <div class="overlay"></div> <img src="../resources/images/FedEx_Boeing_777-F28_Zhao-300x208.jpg" alt="international express-FedEx" title=""> </div> <div class="image-caption">international express-FedEx</div> </figure></p><p>However, large purchasers sometimes prefer international express than air freight because it usually have <strong>cargo promotion price</strong> which is much cheaper if you have large cargo that is over 1,000 Kg. The price is not much difference from air freight, but is more convenient than the latter.</p><p><em>For instance, Chinese Amazon suppliers often use FedEx when they have FBA (Fulfillment by Amazon) goods, 1,000 Kg goods only takes around $2.8/Kg to US. And can arrive in 5-6 days.</em></p><h2 id="2-China-Post-Mail-Package-Most-Economical-Way-for-20-200Kg-Cargo"><a href="#2-China-Post-Mail-Package-Most-Economical-Way-for-20-200Kg-Cargo" class="headerlink" title="2.China Post Mail Package -Most Economical Way for 20-200Kg Cargo"></a>2.China Post Mail Package -Most Economical Way for 20-200Kg Cargo</h2><p>When your cargo is <strong>20-200Kg</strong>, <strong><a href="http://english.chinapost.com.cn/" target="_blank" rel="external">China Post Mail</a></strong> by sea will be another choice, which is around 1/3 price of international express, especially for remote regions like Africa countries where other express companies charge high freight.</p><p>Another good thing is that it calculates all goods <strong>only by weight</strong>, never by dimension weight, which means good for light weight products.</p><p>But it has 20Kg limitation for each package, so you have to separate your cargo into several cartons. And it normally take around 2 month on shipping, so only when you really care about shipping rate, you will choose it.</p><p><em>Example, an Australian customers buy kids toys from us every 2 month. Every shipment will be 5-6 cartons, around 100 Kg, 0.5 CBM. This volume is too less for sea freight shipping (the LCL), and if shipped by express, the freight cost will be calculated by dimension weight which is 2-3 times higher than by China Post.</em> </p><h2 id="3-Air-Freight-Fast-and-Suitable-for-More-than-500Kg-Cargo"><a href="#3-Air-Freight-Fast-and-Suitable-for-More-than-500Kg-Cargo" class="headerlink" title="3.Air Freight -Fast and Suitable for More than 500Kg Cargo"></a>3.Air Freight -Fast and Suitable for More than 500Kg Cargo</h2><p>Air freight is cheaper but faster than express. But your cargo should better be <strong>more than 500Kg</strong>, or international express will be better. And their dimensional weight is calculated as length<em>width</em>height/6000, less than international express.</p><p>This shipping way is <strong>airport to airport</strong>, which means supplier have to send the cargo to the airport and manage the custom export process. When cargo arrives the airport of your place, you have to pick up them at airport and do the custom import process. If the closet international airport is quite far away from your place, then the domestic forwarding cost will be also a lot of money.</p><h2 id="Note-Hazardous-Articles-of-Air-Transportation"><a href="#Note-Hazardous-Articles-of-Air-Transportation" class="headerlink" title="Note: Hazardous Articles of Air Transportation"></a>Note: Hazardous Articles of Air Transportation</h2><p>All airlines have strict rules about shipping hazardous articles cargo, including products which are easy to burn or explode, or chemical products which are toxic. Balancing scooter is one among them because of lithium battery. (<a href="https://jingsourcing.com/importing-balancing-scooter-china-problems-know/" target="_blank" rel="external"><strong>Importing Balancing Scooter from China: Problems You Should Know</strong></a>) So it’s <strong>not possible</strong> to ship this cargo via international express, air freight, or China Post Air Package. The only choice is sea shipping.</p><h2 id="4-Less-than-Container-Load-Sea-Shipping-LCL)"><a href="#4-Less-than-Container-Load-Sea-Shipping-LCL)" class="headerlink" title="4.Less than Container Load Sea Shipping(LCL)"></a>4.Less than Container Load Sea Shipping(LCL)</h2><p>LCL sea shipping is the most economical way among all shipping methods, when your cargo is <strong>more than 2-3CBM</strong>. If even less than that, we would recommend you to choose China Post or others. Because every sea shipping has fixed fees for export process in China, around $100-$150, and also fixed import fees when cargo arrive port. So shipping only 2CBM will cost a lot money.</p><p>Sea freight is port to port, so don’t forget to count in the forwarding cost from the port to your warehouse. If your place is far away from sea port or there’s even no sea port in your country, you’d better to find a local shipping company to inquire them how to ship from China. Because they know the shipping to your place better than Chinese suppliers or forwarders.</p><p>There is one <strong>special situation</strong>: if your cargo is around 15-20CBM, it’s <strong>cheaper and faster</strong> to use a 20GP container rather than LCL.</p><p><strong>Tips</strong>: If there are still some empty space left in your container, you can buy some low-value goods or bulky cargo and ship them together. Because these products can be considered as free shipping. Toys importers usually will buy <strong><a href="https://jingsourcing.com/product/pit-balls/" target="_blank" rel="external">Pit Balls</a></strong> to fill the free space of containers.</p><p>There existing few forwarders who specialized in LCL <strong>in certain countries</strong>, and you can get very cheap price from them. And they will help you handle custom process first, then you pick up cargo in their warehouse. However, finding them is a little difficult.</p><p><em>One forwarder we worked with are specialized in African line. They can even accept as less as 0.1 CBM cargo. For example, they charge $280/CBM to Nairobi, so 0.1 CBM only cost $28. You just need to pick up your cargo in their warehouse located in Nairobi, so it’s supper economic and convenient.</em> </p><p><em>If you know some of this kind company, please tell us by email:</em> <a href="mailto:info@jingsourcing.com" target="_blank" rel="external"><em>info@jingsourcing.com</em></a><em>, thank you.</em></p><figure class="image-bubble"> <div class="img-lightbox"> <div class="overlay"></div> <img src="../resources/images/LCL-sea-shipping.png" alt="Less container load sea shipping way" title=""> </div> <div class="image-caption">Less container load sea shipping way</div> </figure><p>A forwarder who offers LCL service</p><h2 id="5-Full-Container-Load-Sea-Shipping"><a href="#5-Full-Container-Load-Sea-Shipping" class="headerlink" title="5.Full Container Load Sea Shipping"></a>5.Full Container Load Sea Shipping</h2><p>It’s well-known that full container load sea shipping is the cheapest shipping way, which is frequently used by our large customers as well. The following are the basis capacities of three common containers:</p><ul><li>20GP 5 ton 26CBM</li><li>40GP 22 ton 54CBM</li><li>40HQ 22 ton 68CBM</li></ul><p>This shipping way will be introduced in detail in future articles.</p><h2 id="6-Full-Container-Railway-Shipping-Yixin’ou-Railway-Shipping-Line"><a href="#6-Full-Container-Railway-Shipping-Yixin’ou-Railway-Shipping-Line" class="headerlink" title="6.Full Container Railway Shipping -Yixin’ou Railway Shipping Line"></a>6.Full Container Railway Shipping -Yixin’ou Railway Shipping Line</h2><p><strong><a href="https://www.rt.com/news/207447-china-spain-longest-train/" target="_blank" rel="external">Yixin’ou Railway Line</a></strong> was opened on Nov. 2014, which connect China and many countries in Europe. This line start at <strong><a href="https://jingsourcing.com/yiwu-wholesale-market-guide-1/" target="_blank" rel="external">Yiwu City</a></strong>, China, via Kazakhstan, Russia, Belarus, Poland, Germany, France, and finally arrived in Madrid, Spain. But it only accept full <strong>container load shipping</strong> currently.</p><figure class="image-bubble"> <div class="img-lightbox"> <div class="overlay"></div> <img src="../resources/images/yixinou-line.jpg" alt="yixinou" title="railway"> </div> <div class="image-caption">railway</div> </figure><p>Yixin’ou line’s route</p><p>Before it was opened, the goods traded between China and Europe need at least 1 month in shipping, but right now it only needs 15-20 days by railway. However, its freight fee is around 3-4 times higher than which of sea shipping, but still are much cheaper than air freight (around 8-10 times higher than what of sea shipping).</p><p>Yixin’ou line is really a better choice for European businessmen exporting wine and olive oil to China. Because it’s more stable during the journey, so that the products can be sold after placing very short time when arriving China.</p>]]></content>
<summary type="html">
<p>Being a sourcing agent who helps source products from China, we usually ship our large customers’ cargoes <strong>by full containers</str
</summary>
<category term="Trade" scheme="http://blog.inesoi.com/categories/Trade/"/>
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<entry>
<title>Importing Balancing Scooter from China - Problems You Should Know</title>
<link href="http://blog.inesoi.com/importing-balancing-scooter-china-problems-know.html"/>
<id>http://blog.inesoi.com/importing-balancing-scooter-china-problems-know.html</id>
<published>2018-08-30T16:00:00.000Z</published>
<updated>2018-08-29T16:22:57.745Z</updated>
<content type="html"><![CDATA[<p>Balancing scooter becomes <strong>one of the most popular products</strong> in the world since 2015, and lots of customers want to import this product by asking us to source suppliers from China.</p><p>Our last blog introduces some basic information of<a href="https://jingsourcing.com/import-balancing-scooter-china-complete-guide/" target="_blank" rel="external"> <strong>how to import balancing scooter from China</strong></a>. In this article, we will emphasize the problems you have to deal with when importing balancing scooter from China. By knowing this, your business may be smoother.</p><h2 id="1-Patent-Issue-When-Import-or-Sell-Balancing-Scooter"><a href="#1-Patent-Issue-When-Import-or-Sell-Balancing-Scooter" class="headerlink" title="1.Patent Issue When Import or Sell Balancing Scooter"></a>1.Patent Issue When Import or Sell Balancing Scooter</h2><p>Last September, a US company “Segway” applied to the USITC (United States International Trade Commission) for starting “337 Investigation”. USITC accepted and started “337 Investigation” at last November.</p><p>Segway is the manufacturer of <strong>world’s first balancing scooter</strong>, also the only manufacturer located in US. It holds over 600 patents of balancing scooter. So the application to USITC is aim to several Chinese balancing factories for patent infringement. The final result of this investigation will directly determine whether made-in-China balancing scooters can keep selling in US.</p><figure class="image-bubble"> <div class="img-lightbox"> <div class="overlay"></div> <img src="../resources/images/evoke-shutterstock_186076265.jpg" alt="patent issue of balancing scooter in US" title=""> </div> <div class="image-caption">patent issue of balancing scooter in US</div> </figure><p>Loom bands from Rainbow loom</p><p>Actually, the fundamental cause is that <strong>Chinese balancing scooters</strong> are too popular among young American with its fashionable design and affordable price. As a native company, Segway feels much pressure and want to evict these Chinese companies out of US.</p><p>Importing large quantity balancing scooters to US is very difficult now, but this situation <strong>only exists in US</strong> so far. Other countries (such as UK, Canada, and Germany) do not have this kind of patent issue. So if you are planning to import to these countries, do not worry about this problem.</p><p><em>This remains me of loom bands, the most popular toy in 2014. The patent is hold by US Company Rainbow Loom, and it</em> <em>sued against other competitors</em> <em>for copyright infringement regarding its clasp system. Almost all Chinese loom bands suppliers cannot export their products to US, so they choose other countries instead.</em></p><h2 id="2-Shipping-Problem-When-Import-Balancing-Scooter-from-China"><a href="#2-Shipping-Problem-When-Import-Balancing-Scooter-from-China" class="headerlink" title="2.Shipping Problem When Import Balancing Scooter from China"></a>2.Shipping Problem When Import Balancing Scooter from China</h2><p>Being a hazardous article, battery is always difficult to ship by air. Because of the fire disaster cause by lithium battery on airplane, recently all airlines won’t ship any battery that is over 100Wh.</p><p>Battery of balancing scooter is around 150Wh which makes it <strong>not possible</strong> to ship in bulk by air. In the future, the airline may not ship any kind of lithium battery in large quantity. So for balancing scooter importers, sea shipping is and will be only solution when you buy in quantity.</p><p>Although sea shipping must take more time, it’s safer and more legal, which is necessary for all business.</p><figure class="image-bubble"> <div class="img-lightbox"> <div class="overlay"></div> <img src="../resources/images/hazardous-articles.png" alt="balancing scooter is one of hazardous articles in air freight" title=""> </div> <div class="image-caption">balancing scooter is one of hazardous articles in air freight</div> </figure><p>A list of hazardous articles in air freight</p><h2 id="3-Too-Many-Chinese-Retailers-on-Internet-Will-You-Have-Profit"><a href="#3-Too-Many-Chinese-Retailers-on-Internet-Will-You-Have-Profit" class="headerlink" title="3.Too Many Chinese Retailers on Internet, Will You Have Profit?"></a>3.Too Many Chinese Retailers on Internet, Will You Have Profit?</h2><p>There are already existing thousands Chinese suppliers selling this on site like EBay, Amazon, and Aliexpress. They sell as low as $320 with free shipping to Germany, however we don’t know the battery quality. People start to worry about will they still have profit in market of their countries.<em>(You may find $250 on Aliexpress, but the price is not including shipping. $310 is the lowest free shipping price I can found on Aliexpress now)</em></p><p>As the air shipping problem mentioned above, Aliexpress seller will pay at least $120 express fee each. Even there are no much express company accept the product now.</p><p>However, if you import more than 10 units from China, supplier usually offer $130-$160 each for 6.5” type (price will be different by battery type), and Sea Freight shipping by LCL or FCL to Germany will cost $6-$12 each. It means you still have good profit, even sell in your country same price as Aliexpress sellers.</p><p>With a reasonable price, a reliable shop, and commendable service, customers will certainly choose you rather than online shops.</p><h2 id="4-How-to-Choose-High-Quality-Balancing-Scooter"><a href="#4-How-to-Choose-High-Quality-Balancing-Scooter" class="headerlink" title="4.How to Choose High Quality Balancing Scooter?"></a>4.How to Choose High Quality Balancing Scooter?</h2><p>Being one kind of electronic bike, battery is <strong>key point of</strong> balancing scooter. It will decide how long distance it goes and the power it performs.</p><figure class="image-bubble"> <div class="img-lightbox"> <div class="overlay"></div> <img src="../resources/images/tmp_25807-SAMSUNG_BATTERY_MINI_SST_Two-Wheels-Self-Balancing-Scooter-2-Wheel-1231541246-300x272.jpeg" alt="choose balancing scooters with good quality battery, such as Samsung or LG battery" title=""> </div> <div class="image-caption">choose balancing scooters with good quality battery, such as Samsung or LG battery</div> </figure><p>Balancing scooter with Samsung battery</p><p>Suppliers usually offer two kinds of batteries: 2.2Ah and 4.4Ah, these represent different battery capacities. Besides, Battery can be divided into LG, Samsung brand, and no brand (most are poor quality). The price difference is around $20.</p><p>So it is very important to know <strong>what kind of battery</strong> the supplier offers when you get his quotation. Some suppliers may scam you by quoting high price but using poor quality no brand battery. Be careful when you are looking for suppliers, and do not only focus on price.</p><p>Searching on Alibaba or Google is better way to find wholesale suppliers, and do not go to Aliexpress. Balancing scooter’s factories are mainly gathering in Shenzhen and Yongkang City, so suppliers from these two cities are most possible to be factories. The former is China’s capital of electronic products, while the latter is the capital of scooters and hardware. ( you can get more information in our last blog:<a href="https://jingsourcing.com/import-balancing-scooter-china-complete-guide/" target="_blank" rel="external">How to Import Balancing Scooter from China: Complete Guide</a>)</p>]]></content>
<summary type="html">
<p>Balancing scooter becomes <strong>one of the most popular products</strong> in the world since 2015, and lots of customers want to import
</summary>
<category term="Trade" scheme="http://blog.inesoi.com/categories/Trade/"/>
<category term="trade" scheme="http://blog.inesoi.com/tags/trade/"/>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>Tips for Sourcing Good Suppliers on Alibaba</title>
<link href="http://blog.inesoi.com/how-to-source-good-suppliers-on-alibaba-completely-guide.html"/>
<id>http://blog.inesoi.com/how-to-source-good-suppliers-on-alibaba-completely-guide.html</id>
<published>2018-08-29T16:00:00.000Z</published>
<updated>2018-08-29T16:22:55.636Z</updated>
<content type="html"><![CDATA[<p>When it comes to discussing about how to source products (or how to find suppliers) in China, most people will come up with <strong><a href="http://www.alibaba.com/" target="_blank" rel="external">Alibaba.com</a></strong>. Because it is the largest B2B trading platform in the world, with millions Chinese suppliers in every industry. In each product category, there are still thousands suppliers, and most people don’t know how to select their most suitable supplier. As dealing with all kinds Chinese suppliers for years, I’d like to share some tips to find a good supplier on Alibaba.</p><p>The following article will provide you certain <strong>tips</strong> for choosing your desired product from Alibaba. Here we will use ‘x hose’ as an example product. <em>(All companies mentioned in this article have no relationship with author)</em></p><h2 id="1-Gather-relevant-information-about-the-product"><a href="#1-Gather-relevant-information-about-the-product" class="headerlink" title="1. Gather relevant information about the product"></a>1. Gather relevant information about the product</h2><h3 id="a-Know-the-key-word-of-the-product-and-make-related-searches"><a href="#a-Know-the-key-word-of-the-product-and-make-related-searches" class="headerlink" title="a. Know the key word of the product and make related searches"></a>a. Know the key word of the product and make related searches</h3><p>For instance you search for ‘X hose’ on Alibaba. The resultant webpage will show you all products related to ‘X hose’ that are available on Alibaba. Do a thorough check on the search results and identify that particular word for ‘X Hose’ as used by suppliers for sales purposes. Most suppliers sell your desired product by the name of ‘X hose. Other suppliers might use words like ‘magic hose’ or ‘garden hose’ for selling the same product i.e. ‘X hose’. Thus you can also search for ‘magic hose’ or ‘garden hose’ and get relevant results for your desired product. The search results will lead you to more suppliers of ‘X hose’ in China.</p><h3 id="b-Identify-the-places-where-product-is-manufactured-reduce-suppliers’-scope"><a href="#b-Identify-the-places-where-product-is-manufactured-reduce-suppliers’-scope" class="headerlink" title="b.Identify the places where product is manufactured, reduce suppliers’ scope."></a>b.Identify the places where product is manufactured, reduce suppliers’ scope.</h3><p>When you search for <strong>‘<a href="https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=x+hose" target="_blank" rel="external">X hose</a>’</strong> on Alibaba, you will that most manufacturing plants for ‘X hose’ are concentrated in two areas of China. The <strong><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhejiang" target="_blank" rel="external">Zhejiang Province</a></strong> leads with about 14,827 suppliers of ‘X hose’. <strong>Guangdong</strong> falls second in place with about 3145 suppliers of ‘X hose’ registered on Alibaba. There are very few number of ‘x hose’ suppliers from other provinces of China.</p><p>Buyers with certain familiarity about China are well aware of the fact that this commonly used product is usually produced in Guangdong and Zhejiang Provinces. Suppliers in other places are not manufacturers, but generally <strong>middle men</strong>. Do not consider them for purchasing ‘X hose’ as their price per piece is very high.<br><em>(Also bear in mind that most <strong>daily use products</strong> are majorly manufactured in Zhejiang and Guangdong, and only a few of them in Fujian. Other regions of China produce Machine, Farm Products, and chemical products.)</em></p><p>If you compare the suppliers from Guangdong to those in Zhejiang, you will find that the number of suppliers in Zhejiang is 4.6 times to the number of suppliers in Guangdong. Most suppliers in Guangdong are trading companies and not manufacturers or factories. These trading companies purchase all their products from manufacturers based in Zhejiang. This clearly means that the quality of product supplied by both is similar, but products supplied by trading companies are about 10-20 % more expensive in comparison to those supplied by manufacturers.</p><p>Suppliers from Guangdong claim to supply better quality products than manufacturers located in. However, this can <strong>never be true</strong> because Zhejiang has advantages in terms of availability of low cost material and cheap labor. The cost of material and labor are high in areas, like Guangdong and so suppliers cannot supply good quality product at similar prices. Out of the total 3145 suppliers in Guangdong, just two or three are manufacturers. The rest of them are all traders, selling their products at high prices. With all the competitive advantages suppliers in Zhejiang offer excellent quality product at low prices.</p><h2 id="2-Identify-your-actual-requirement-and-choose-an-appropriate-supplier-on-Alibaba"><a href="#2-Identify-your-actual-requirement-and-choose-an-appropriate-supplier-on-Alibaba" class="headerlink" title="2. Identify your actual requirement and choose an appropriate supplier on Alibaba"></a>2. Identify your actual requirement and choose an appropriate supplier on Alibaba</h2><p>The most crucial part here is to identify the actual demand for a particular product. The process of manufacturing ‘X hose’ is quite easy and simple. It is for this reason that there are numerous manufacturers of this product. You now need to decide whether you should make your purchases from manufacturers or from trading companies. If you wish large quantity .i.e. around more than 2,000 pieces, you can buy from manufacturers. But, you only need 200-2,000 pcs, we suggest that you should buy <strong>from trading companies</strong>, even if their price per piece is a bit high as compared to manufacturers.</p><p>The following suggestions will help you in <strong><a href="https://jingsourcing.com/4-reasons-why-trading-companies-are-better-than-manufacturers/" target="_blank" rel="external">choosing a good trading company</a></strong> for making your purchases:</p><h3 id="a-Look-for-the-company’s-name-and-address"><a href="#a-Look-for-the-company’s-name-and-address" class="headerlink" title="a. Look for the company’s name and address"></a>a. Look for the company’s name and address</h3><p>Usually professional companies always choose their names <strong>according to the product</strong> they manufacture. For e.g. there are two companies named ‘Tiantai Fuhua Rubber Co., Ltd’ and ‘Yiwu Huancai Jewelry Co., ltd’. Out of the two the former one appears to be associated with the production of magic hose. This is, because production of magic hose requires the use of rubber and ‘Tiantai Fuhua Rubber’ can produce it at low material cost. On the other hand ‘Yiwu Huancai jewelry’ might have just uploaded the sale of magic hose on Alibaba to supply this product to two or three customers in a year.<figure class="image-bubble"> <div class="img-lightbox"> <div class="overlay"></div> <img src="../resources/images/source-product-on-alibaba-01.jpg" alt="source-product-on-alibaba-01" title=""> </div> <div class="image-caption">source-product-on-alibaba-01</div> </figure></p><h3 id="b-Search-for-other-products-of-the-company"><a href="#b-Search-for-other-products-of-the-company" class="headerlink" title="b. Search for other products of the company"></a>b. Search for other products of the company</h3><p>Usually professional trading companies sell <strong>similar type of products</strong>. This means that if a trading company deals in the supply of ‘magic hose’, the other products in its portfolio will also be similar. Unprofessional companies are involved in the sale of mixed and disorderly range of products. For instance they might be selling ‘X hose’ along with related products like <strong><a href="https://jingsourcing.com/how-to-import-toys-from-china-complete-guide-2/" target="_blank" rel="external">toys</a></strong> and totally unrelated products like cosmetics.<br>So if you look at the catalog of two companies discussed above, you will surely find ‘magic hose’ as prominent product in the catalog of “Tiantai Fuhua Rubber”. Whereas the catalog of “Yiwu Huancai Jewelry”, will not have “magic hose’’ as product, because it is primarily involved in the production of cosmetics.<figure class="image-bubble"> <div class="img-lightbox"> <div class="overlay"></div> <img src="../resources/images/source-product-on-alibaba-03.jpg" alt="compare different suppliers" title="product"> </div> <div class="image-caption">product</div> </figure></p><h3 id="c-Read-the-description-of-their-products-carefully"><a href="#c-Read-the-description-of-their-products-carefully" class="headerlink" title="c. Read the description of their products carefully"></a>c. Read the description of their products carefully</h3><p>Professional trading companies describe their products <strong>in detail</strong>, but the description of unprofessional trading companies is extremely simple. Professional trading companies have usually supply good quality products. This is primarily due to their experience in manufacturing that particular product since years.</p><h2 id="3-Correspondence-and-communication-are-important"><a href="#3-Correspondence-and-communication-are-important" class="headerlink" title="3. Correspondence and communication are important"></a>3. Correspondence and communication are important</h2><p>After carefully following the above mentioned steps, you will have a long list of suppliers, ready to choose the most suitable supplier. At this point of time, it becomes extremely important for you to <strong>communicate with</strong> the chosen list of potential suppliers. On the basis of this communication you will surely be able to judge the right supplier for your product. Use the following suggestions before placing the final orders for your desired product.</p><h3 id="a-Learn-more-product-details-from-professional-suppliers"><a href="#a-Learn-more-product-details-from-professional-suppliers" class="headerlink" title="a. Learn more product details from professional suppliers"></a>a. Learn more product details from professional suppliers</h3><p>It might so happen that you do not know much about the product you desire to purchase. You can prepare <strong>a list of questions</strong> and ask those from the supplier. This will help in understating the product and its features.<br>Usually professional suppliers are enthusiastic to answer all your questions related to quality, process and price of the product. But, professional suppliers usually sell products at higher price as compared to other suppliers on Alibaba.</p><h3 id="b-Ask-suppliers’-enough-questions-to-judge-if-they-are-qualified"><a href="#b-Ask-suppliers’-enough-questions-to-judge-if-they-are-qualified" class="headerlink" title="b. Ask suppliers’ enough questions to judge if they are qualified"></a>b. Ask suppliers’ enough questions to judge if they are qualified</h3><p>Ask <strong>sufficient questions</strong> about the product and manufacturing process. This will help you identifying whether your supplier is a factory or middlemen (too many middlemen in Alibaba claim that they are themselves involved in manufacturing.). Another advantage is that suppliers won’t quote high price of product, because they think you are experts for that product.</p><p>Taking Xhose as example, you can ask supplier what’s the price for 50FT, 75FT, 100FT and 10FT hose, the width and weight of the textile, rubber’s materials, specifications related to rubber, kind connecting accessories available, maximum water pressure and so on. Inexperienced suppliers and traders are not able to answer all questions well, because of <strong>lack of product knowledge</strong> and little or no experience in selling the product</p><h3 id="c-Compare-the-price-choose-your-best-supplier"><a href="#c-Compare-the-price-choose-your-best-supplier" class="headerlink" title="c. Compare the price, choose your best supplier"></a>c. Compare the price, choose your best supplier</h3><p>By the time you receive the price quote from professional suppliers (usually they are good trading companies), you already know the appropriate product price in accordance to the quality. In most cases this price is higher than others. If this high price is acceptable and you don’t want to take any risk, then buying from these traders is the best available option. At the same time, you can ignore suppliers that are quoting a price higher than these professional traders.</p><p>If you want to buy same quality but at a lower price, then you should make your purchases from suppliers who quote around 10% lower than the professional traders. These suppliers usually are very small trading companies with low profit, or small factories (2 staff operating Alibaba, and 15 workers producing). But, trading with them is <strong>not an easy task</strong> as such suppliers are not very experienced. To avoid unnecessary issues, you as a customer need to tell them every minute detail about your requirement. Suppliers quoting 15% lower price than the professional, tend to supply products that might be different from your expectations. It is vital to order a few sample products to check quality, before making bulk purchases.</p><p>Hope the above mentioned tips will help you choose a reliable professional supplier on Alibaba.</p>]]></content>
<summary type="html">
<p>When it comes to discussing about how to source products (or how to find suppliers) in China, most people will come up with <strong><a hr
</summary>
<category term="Trade" scheme="http://blog.inesoi.com/categories/Trade/"/>
<category term="alibaba" scheme="http://blog.inesoi.com/tags/alibaba/"/>
<category term="trade" scheme="http://blog.inesoi.com/tags/trade/"/>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>Amazon Message Templates</title>
<link href="http://blog.inesoi.com/amazon-message-templates.html"/>
<id>http://blog.inesoi.com/amazon-message-templates.html</id>
<published>2018-08-28T16:00:00.000Z</published>
<updated>2018-08-31T16:34:25.268Z</updated>
<content type="html"><![CDATA[<h2 id="Customer-Service"><a href="#Customer-Service" class="headerlink" title="Customer Service"></a>Customer Service</h2><h3 id="Small-Business-Order-Satisfaction"><a href="#Small-Business-Order-Satisfaction" class="headerlink" title="Small Business Order Satisfaction"></a>Small Business Order Satisfaction</h3><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">SUBJECT: Thank you for your order and…</div><div class="line">EVENT: Immediately after delivered</div><div class="line">GOAL: Customer Service</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div><div class="line">6</div><div class="line">7</div><div class="line">8</div><div class="line">9</div><div class="line">10</div><div class="line">11</div><div class="line">12</div><div class="line">13</div><div class="line">14</div><div class="line">15</div><div class="line">16</div><div class="line">17</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">Hello [[buyer-name]],</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line">First of all, thank you for purchasing [[product-name]]. </div><div class="line"></div><div class="line">Our records show your order will arrive today! </div><div class="line"></div><div class="line">As a small company, your satisfaction means everything to our success. Please take a moment to verify that your item arrived safely and intact. If there is any problem with the order, please [[contact-link:let us know]] right away and we'll do what we can to make it right. You can also simply reply to this email.</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line">[[order-link:Your order can be viewed on Amazon.com here.]]</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line">You are important and we want you to feel satisfied with your purchase!</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line">Thanks again!</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line">Sincerely,</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line">**Signature**</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure><h3 id="Order-Satisfaction"><a href="#Order-Satisfaction" class="headerlink" title="Order Satisfaction"></a>Order Satisfaction</h3><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">SUBJECT: Thank you for your order and…</div><div class="line">EVENT: Immediately after delivered</div><div class="line">GOAL: Customer Service</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div><div class="line">6</div><div class="line">7</div><div class="line">8</div><div class="line">9</div><div class="line">10</div><div class="line">11</div><div class="line">12</div><div class="line">13</div><div class="line">14</div><div class="line">15</div><div class="line">16</div><div class="line">17</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">Hello [[buyer-name]],</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line">First of all, thank you for purchasing [[product-name]]. </div><div class="line"></div><div class="line">Our records show your order will arrive by today or soon after! </div><div class="line"></div><div class="line">As a follow-up, if our [[product-name]] should miss your satisfaction, please [[contact-link:contact us]] so we can resolve this as soon as possible. As an option, you can simply reply to our message. </div><div class="line"></div><div class="line">[[order-link:Your order can be viewed on Amazon.com here.]]</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line">You are important and we want you to feel satisfied with your purchase!</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line">Thanks again!</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line">Sincerely,</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line">**Signature**</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure><h3 id="Order-Confirmation"><a href="#Order-Confirmation" class="headerlink" title="Order Confirmation"></a>Order Confirmation</h3><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">SUBJECT: Thanks for your order!</div><div class="line">EVENT: Order confirmed</div><div class="line">GOAL: Customer Service</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div><div class="line">6</div><div class="line">7</div><div class="line">8</div><div class="line">9</div><div class="line">10</div><div class="line">11</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">Hello [[buyer-name]],</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line">Thank you for purchasing [[product-name]]. Your order will arrive soon! If you notice any issues with [[product-name]], please [[contact-link:contact us]] so we can resolve the issue as fast as possible (you can reply to this message).</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line">[[order-link:Your order can be viewed on Amazon.com here]].</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line">Thanks again!</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line">Sincerely,</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line">**Signature**</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure><h2 id="Product-Review"><a href="#Product-Review" class="headerlink" title="Product Review"></a>Product Review</h2><h3 id="All-In-One-Product-Review-–-Attachment-Bonus-Content"><a href="#All-In-One-Product-Review-–-Attachment-Bonus-Content" class="headerlink" title="[All-In-One] Product Review – Attachment/Bonus Content"></a>[All-In-One] Product Review – Attachment/Bonus Content</h3><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">SUBJECT: Your **Ebook/Instruction Guide/Recipe Book/Etc.** is Attached</div><div class="line">EVENT: Immediately after out for delivery</div><div class="line">GOAL: All-In-One</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure><pre>Hello [[first-name]],It is our pleasure to have you as a customer! We’re excited that you chose **Brand Name** toprovide the **product type such as “mixing bowl set”** you need.As mentioned on our Amazon sales page, your **Brand Name** purchase includes a **type ofattachment such as ebook, instruction guide/etc.**. We have that for you here. Simply click todownload and save it to your computer or other device.Inside, you’ll find:**List 2 or 3 things that are included in the attachment such as “3 important steps to takebefore you use your new {product}.”**Once you read through the attachment, please feel free reply to this email if you havequestions or need assistance with your product.**Signature**<b>P.S.</b> How many <b>product reviews</b> did you read when buying your **product type such as “mixingbowl set”**? Other Amazon shoppers will appreciate your help with <b>evaluating the product you bought</b>. Hearing other customers’ opinions is a big help when trying to make a decision.Will you take a minute to [[product-review-link: leave a product review?]] Thanks!</pre><h3 id="All-In-One-Product-Review-–-Reinforce-Your-Brand"><a href="#All-In-One-Product-Review-–-Reinforce-Your-Brand" class="headerlink" title="[All-In-One] Product Review – Reinforce Your Brand"></a>[All-In-One] Product Review – Reinforce Your Brand</h3><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">SUBJECT: Congratulations on Your **Brand Name** Purchase</div><div class="line">EVENT: Immediately after delivered</div><div class="line">GOAL: All-In-One</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure><pre>Hello [[first-name]],We’re excited to welcome you to the **Brand Name** community! If this is your first purchaseof a **Brand Name** product, you are in for a unique experience as you get to know andappreciate the **fill in what your brand stands for, perhaps “quality and luxury” or “sturdinessand long-lasting workmanship, etc.** behind every product we make.[[product-name]] is well known for **enter what you’re known for, perhaps “delightfullydistinctive baked treats and confections”.** We’re sure you will agree!<b>Would you be willing to leave a product review?</b> We’d love for you to [[product-review-link:share your thoughts about your order]] with other shoppers on Amazon to help them make aconfident buying decision.<b>Have questions</b> about your product or **Brand Name**? Simply reply to this email andsomeone from our team will make it a priority to take care of you.**Signature**</pre><h3 id="All-In-One-Product-Review-–-Follow-Up"><a href="#All-In-One-Product-Review-–-Follow-Up" class="headerlink" title="[All-In-One] Product Review – Follow-Up"></a>[All-In-One] Product Review – Follow-Up</h3><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">SUBJECT: Did Your [[product-name]] Arrive?</div><div class="line">EVENT: 2 days after delivered</div><div class="line">GOAL: All-In-One</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure><pre>Hello [[first-name]],We see that your new order was shipped. This is a courtesy follow-up to ensure your[[product-name]] is everything you hoped it would be!We appreciate your business and want to make certain you are 100% satisfied. <b>Please reply to this email if you:</b> - Have general questions about your product. - Need help with **using/operating** your product. - Have concerns or issues with your product.Please contact Amazon via the Amazon website if: - Your order has not arrived (Amazon handles shipping for us). - Your package arrived damaged.As our valued customers, we are always available to you to provide exceptional customerservice.Did you read any reviews while you were shopping for your [[product-name]]? Most shoppersdo. If you have 2 or 3 minutes today, would you help other Amazon customers by<b>[[product-review-link: leaving a product review?]]</b> Thanks!Enjoy!**Signature**</pre><h3 id="All-In-One-Product-Review-–-Helpful-Tips"><a href="#All-In-One-Product-Review-–-Helpful-Tips" class="headerlink" title="[All-In-One] Product Review – Helpful Tips"></a>[All-In-One] Product Review – Helpful Tips</h3><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">SUBJECT: Helpful **Tips/Hacks** for Using Your New [[product-name]]</div><div class="line">EVENT: Immediately after shipped</div><div class="line">GOAL: All-In-One</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure><pre>Hello [[first-name]],Your [[product-name]] is on its way and we’re excited for you to **use/eat/etc.** it!While you probably know it **insert one use/feature/benefit such as “is a sinfully delicioustreat”**, you may not be aware that it:<br>**INSERT 3-4 HELPFUL TIPS/HACKS/USES THAT CUSTOMERS MAY NOT KNOW ABOUT. Perhaps your gourmet chocolate squares are excellent when melted into a cup of coffee, or your small paint brushes can also be used when decorating cookies, etc.)**<b>Have questions?</b> Just reply to this email and we’ll be happy to provide additional information.Thanks for your order!**Signature**P.S. Did you know you can share your thoughts about your [[product-name]] on Amazon? It’s simple and easy to [[product-review-link: let others know what you think]]. If you have a couple of minutes today, <b>please leave a product review. Thanks! </b></pre><h3 id="All-In-One-Product-Review-–-Generic-Thanks"><a href="#All-In-One-Product-Review-–-Generic-Thanks" class="headerlink" title="[All-In-One] Product Review – Generic Thanks"></a>[All-In-One] Product Review – Generic Thanks</h3><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">SUBJECT: Your [[product-name]] Order Made Our Day</div><div class="line">EVENT: Immediately after delivered</div><div class="line">GOAL: All-In-One</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure><pre>Hello [[first-name]],For small businesses, it’s always exciting to see new orders come through. We celebrate eachone and want to express our deep appreciation for trusting **Company Name** with yourrecent [[product-name]] order.Once your shipment arrives, don’t hesitate to reach out to us if you have questions about**use, care instructions, maintenance, replacement parts, etc.** We’re always here to ensureyour complete satisfaction!If you would, please <b>[[product-review-link:leave a product review]]</b> when you’ve had time touse your [[product-name]]. Your opinion will help other Amazon shoppers make confidentdecisions.Enjoy your day and your new [[product-name]]!With sincere thanks,**Signature**</pre><h3 id="All-In-One-Product-Review-–-Product-Information"><a href="#All-In-One-Product-Review-–-Product-Information" class="headerlink" title="[All-In-One] Product Review – Product Information"></a>[All-In-One] Product Review – Product Information</h3><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">SUBJECT: Important information about your new [[product-name]]</div><div class="line">EVENT: Immediately after delivered</div><div class="line">GOAL: All-In-One</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure><pre>Hello [[first-name]],Thanks for your recent order. You’ve made a great choice!Before you use your new [[product-name]] for the first time, take just a moment to read these **instructions/safety guidelines/usage tips/helpful hints/etc.** They will help ensure you have thebest experience possible. **INSERT INFORMATION YOUR CUSTOMERS NEED TO KNOW RIGHT AWAY BEFORE USING THE PRODUCT.****This might be clarification on issues many customers get confused about, feature use tips, etc.Examples include: Be sure to wash your new water bottle in <b>hot</b> water and rinse it thoroughly before drinking from it to eliminate the plastic taste. The brackets on your car storage bag may not line up with your headrest posts. This is not a defect. Simply turn the brackets until they align with your headrest.**Once you follow these simple steps, you’ll be able to use your [[product-name]] and all itsfeatures to the fullest.——————————<b>Have 3 minutes?</b> Just like you, other shoppers put a great deal of value in the reviews they readon Amazon. [[product-review-link: Share your opinion]] of your new [[product-name]] in aproduct review today.——————————Have questions? Simply reply to this email and we’ll respond quickly with the answers you need.Enjoy!**Signature**</pre><h3 id="Review-Request-After-Positive-Feedback"><a href="#Review-Request-After-Positive-Feedback" class="headerlink" title="Review Request After Positive Feedback"></a>Review Request After Positive Feedback</h3><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">SUBJECT: Thank you!</div><div class="line">EVENT: Immediately after positive feedback</div><div class="line">GOAL: Product Review</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure><pre>Hello [[first-name]],I just noticed you left us feedback and I wanted to personally thank you! Customers like you help small businesses like ours succeed, and inform shoppers about trusted sellers.If you could, please let other buyers know how you felt about [[product-name]]. Seller feedback reviews me as a merchant and a product review is your opinion of item purchased. Product reviews go a long way in helping shoppers determine which products they want to buy and your opinion really matters.[[product-review-link]]Please let us know if we can help in any way. Thanks again!**Signature**</pre><h3 id="We-Need-Your-Help"><a href="#We-Need-Your-Help" class="headerlink" title="We Need Your Help"></a>We Need Your Help</h3><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">SUBJECT: Your opinion matters to us.</div><div class="line">EVENT: 7 days after delivered</div><div class="line">GOAL: Product Review</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure><pre>Hello [[first-name]],Thank you again for your purchase!We want to ensure that you feel satisfied with your purchase. And your review helps other buyers feel confident in their purchasing [[product-name]]; ultimately helping us grow our business. So we really need your help!Please take a moment and help us by giving our [[product-name]] a review. Your feedback makes a significant difference to us as a small business.Please click on the link: [[product-review-link]] to leave your comments.We look forward to hearing about your experience!Sincerely,**Signature**P.S. Remember, by giving a review here: [[product-review-link]], it really helps our small business grow.</pre><h3 id="Share-Your-Review-With-Others"><a href="#Share-Your-Review-With-Others" class="headerlink" title="Share Your Review With Others"></a>Share Your Review With Others</h3><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">SUBJECT: Are you happy with [[product-name]] like our other buyers? </div><div class="line">EVENT: 9 days after delivered</div><div class="line">GOAL: Product Review</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure><pre>Hello [[first-name]],Thank you again for your purchase!Many of our customers are so pleased with our [[product-name]] that they frequently place a second order for themselves or as a gift. Whether you make the decision to place another order or not, we want to ensure that you feel satisfied with your purchase. Please take a moment and give our [[product-name]] a review. Your review makes a significant difference to help our small business.Your comments on our [[product-name]] helps other buyers realize they can trust our product to give a promising experience. And it gives us insights on how to improve or expand our product line.Please click on the link: [[product-review-link]] to leave your review.We look forward to hearing about your experience!Sincerely,**Signature**P.S. Remember, by giving a review here: [[product-review-link]], it really makes a significant difference to help us grow! </pre><h3 id="Helpful-Review-Request"><a href="#Helpful-Review-Request" class="headerlink" title="Helpful Review Request"></a>Helpful Review Request</h3><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">SUBJECT: Share with us how you liked [[product-name]]!</div><div class="line">EVENT: 7 days after delivered</div><div class="line">GOAL: Product Review</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure><pre>Hello [[first-name]],Thank you again for your purchase!Many of our customers are pleased with our [[product-name]], and we like to ensure that you feel the same!Please take a moment and give our [[product-name]] a review. Your feedback means everything to a small business like ours.Your review of our [[product-name]] helps other buyers feel confident in their purchase. And it gives us insights on how to improve or expand our product.Please click on the link: [[product-review-link]] to share your thoughts.We look forward to hearing about your experience!Sincerely,**Signature**</pre><h3 id="Valued-Customer-Review-Request"><a href="#Valued-Customer-Review-Request" class="headerlink" title="Valued Customer Review Request"></a>Valued Customer Review Request</h3><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">SUBJECT: How awesome is your new [[product-name]]??</div><div class="line">EVENT: 4 days after delivered</div><div class="line">GOAL: Product Review</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure><pre>Hello [[first-name]]!Thank you so much for becoming a valued customer! We make customer satisfaction a top priority and would like to know how you are enjoying your new product. Help us to improve our products by leaving an honest review. Click on the link below to leave your review.[[product-review-link:Click Here to Leave a Review]][[order-link:View Your Order on Amazon]]Cheers,**Signature**</pre><h3 id="7-Days-After-Delivery-Review-Request"><a href="#7-Days-After-Delivery-Review-Request" class="headerlink" title="7 Days After Delivery Review Request"></a>7 Days After Delivery Review Request</h3><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">SUBJECT: Tell us about how you liked [[product-name]]!</div><div class="line">EVENT: 7 days after delivered</div><div class="line">GOAL: Product Review</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure><pre>Hello [[first-name]],Thank you again for purchasing [[product-name]]! Our customer support doesn't end with your purchase. If there are any issues with your order, please [[contact-link:contact us]] by responding to this email so we can address your concerns.Your opinion matters and other shoppers would love to hear what you have to say. If you haven't already left a review, we would appreciate if you would share your thoughts on it.[[product-review-link:Write your review here]]Thanks again!Sincerely,**Signature**</pre><h3 id="Review-Request"><a href="#Review-Request" class="headerlink" title="Review Request"></a>Review Request</h3><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">SUBJECT: Your [[product-name]] has been delivered! Tell us how you feel about it</div><div class="line">EVENT: Immediately after delivered</div><div class="line">GOAL: Product Review</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure><pre>Hello [[first-name]],We just noticed your [[product-name]] has been delivered. Congrats!Your complete satisfaction is my number one priority. If you have any issues with your purchase, please [[contact-link:contact us]] so we can do our best to resolve them. As a small business, your review goes a long way in helping others determine if they want to buy from us. Would you be able to take 1 minute of your time and share your opinion about [[product-name]]?[[product-review-link:Write your review here]]Again, if there are any issues, please reply to this email so we can help. Thanks again!Sincerely,**Signature**</pre><h2 id="Seller-Feedback"><a href="#Seller-Feedback" class="headerlink" title="Seller Feedback"></a>Seller Feedback</h2><h3 id="All-In-One-Seller-Feedback-–-Attachment-Bonus-Content"><a href="#All-In-One-Seller-Feedback-–-Attachment-Bonus-Content" class="headerlink" title="[All-In-One] Seller Feedback – Attachment/Bonus Content"></a>[All-In-One] Seller Feedback – Attachment/Bonus Content</h3><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">SUBJECT: Your **Ebook/Instruction Guide/Recipe Book/Etc.** is Attached</div><div class="line">EVENT: Immediately after out for delivery</div><div class="line">GOAL: All-In-One</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure><pre>Hello [[first-name]],It is our pleasure to have you as a customer! We’re excited that you chose **Brand Name** toprovide the **product type such as “mixing bowl set”** you need.As mentioned on our Amazon sales page, your **Brand Name** purchase includes a **type ofattachment such as ebook, instruction guide/etc.**. We have that for you here. Simply click todownload and save it to your computer or other device.Inside, you’ll find:**List 2 or 3 things that are included in the attachment such as “3 important steps to takebefore you use your new {product}.”**Once you read through the attachment, please feel free reply to this email is you havequestions or need assistance with your product.**Signature**<b>P.S.</b> Did you check our seller feedback before you bought? Most customers do! Amazonshoppers appreciate hearing other customers’ opinions about the sellers on Amazon. It is a bighelp when trying to make a decision. Will you take a minute or two to [[feedback-link: leaveyour thoughts about **Brand Name**?]] Thanks!</pre><h3 id="All-In-One-Seller-Feedback-–-Reinforce-Your-Brand"><a href="#All-In-One-Seller-Feedback-–-Reinforce-Your-Brand" class="headerlink" title="[All-In-One] Seller Feedback – Reinforce Your Brand"></a>[All-In-One] Seller Feedback – Reinforce Your Brand</h3><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">SUBJECT: Congratulations on Your **Brand Name** Purchase</div><div class="line">EVENT: Immediately after delivered</div><div class="line">GOAL: All-In-One</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure><pre>Hello [[first-name]],We’re excited to welcome you to the **Brand Name** community! If this is your first purchaseof a **Brand Name** product, you are in for a unique experience as you get to know andappreciate the **fill in what your brand stands for, perhaps “quality and luxury” or “sturdinessand long-lasting workmanship, etc.** behind every product we make.[[product-name]] is well known for **enter what you’re known for, perhaps “delightfullydistinctive baked treats and confections”.** We’re sure you will agree!<b>Would you be willing to [[feedback-link: leave feedback about **Brand Name** as anAmazon seller?]]</b> We’d love for you to share your thoughts about **Brand Name** and howwe performed as a seller. Your opinion will help other Amazon shoppers make a confidentbuying decision.Have questions about your product or **Brand Name**? Simply reply to this email andsomeone from our team will make it a priority to take care of you.**Signature**</pre><h3 id="All-In-One-Seller-Feedback-–-Follow-Up"><a href="#All-In-One-Seller-Feedback-–-Follow-Up" class="headerlink" title="[All-In-One] Seller Feedback – Follow-Up"></a>[All-In-One] Seller Feedback – Follow-Up</h3><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">SUBJECT: Did Your [[product-name]] Arrive?</div><div class="line">EVENT: 2 days after delivered</div><div class="line">GOAL: All-In-One</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure><pre>Hello [[first-name]],We see that your new order was shipped. This is a courtesy follow-up to ensure your [[product-name]] is everything you hoped it would be!We appreciate your business and want to make certain you are 100% satisfied. <b>Please reply to this email if you:</b> - Have general questions about your product. - Need help with **using/operating** your product. - Have concerns or issues with your product.Please contact Amazon via the Amazon website if: - Your order has not arrived (Amazon handles shipping for us). - Your package arrived damaged.As our valued customers, we are always available to you to provide exceptional customer service.As our valued customers, we are always available to you to provide exceptional customerservice. In fact, you can rate **Company Name** as an Amazon seller. <b>Take a few minutestoday to [[feedback-link: tell other Amazon shoppers what you think of us as a company.]]</b>Thanks!Enjoy!**Signature**</pre><h3 id="All-In-One-Seller-Feedback–-Helpful-Tips"><a href="#All-In-One-Seller-Feedback–-Helpful-Tips" class="headerlink" title="[All-In-One] Seller Feedback– Helpful Tips"></a>[All-In-One] Seller Feedback– Helpful Tips</h3><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">SUBJECT: Helpful **Tips/Hacks** for Using Your New [[product-name]]</div><div class="line">EVENT: Immediately after shipped</div><div class="line">GOAL: All-In-One</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure><pre>Hello [[first-name]],Your [[product-name]] is on its way and we’re excited for you to **use/eat/etc.** it!While you probably know it **insert one use/feature/benefit such as “is a sinfully delicioustreat”**, you may not be aware that it:<b>**INSERT 3-4 HELPFUL TIPS/HACKS/USES THAT CUSTOMERS MAY NOT KNOW ABOUT. Perhapsyour gourmet chocolate squares are excellent when melted into a cup of coffee, or your small paint brushes can also be used when decorating cookies, etc.)**</b><b>Have questions?</b> Just reply to this email and we’ll be happy to provide additional information.Thanks for your order!**Signature**P.S. Did you know you can rate our performance as an Amazon seller? It’s simple and easy to[[feedback-link: let others know what you think of us as a company]]. If you have a couple ofminutes today, <b>please leave seller feedback. Thanks!</b></pre><h3 id="All-In-One-Seller-Feedback-–-Generic-Thanks"><a href="#All-In-One-Seller-Feedback-–-Generic-Thanks" class="headerlink" title="[All-In-One] Seller Feedback – Generic Thanks"></a>[All-In-One] Seller Feedback – Generic Thanks</h3><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">SUBJECT: Your [[product-name]] Order Made Our Day</div><div class="line">EVENT: Immediately after delivered</div><div class="line">GOAL: All-In-One</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure><pre>Hello [[first-name]],For small businesses, it’s always exciting to see new orders come through. We celebrate eachone and want to express our deep appreciation for trusting **Company Name** with yourrecent [[product-name]] order.Once your shipment arrives, don’t hesitate to reach out to us if you have questions about**use, care instructions, maintenance, replacement parts, etc.** We’re always here to ensureyour complete satisfaction!If you would, please [[feedback-link: leave feedback with your opinion of us as a seller]]. Yourcomments <b>about us as a company</b> will help other Amazon shoppers make confident decisions.Enjoy your day and your new [[product-name]]!With sincere thanks,**Signature**</pre><h3 id="All-In-One-Seller-Feedback-–-Product-Information"><a href="#All-In-One-Seller-Feedback-–-Product-Information" class="headerlink" title="[All-In-One] Seller Feedback – Product Information"></a>[All-In-One] Seller Feedback – Product Information</h3><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">SUBJECT: Important information about your new [[product-name]]</div><div class="line">EVENT: Immediately after delivered</div><div class="line">GOAL: All-In-One</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure><pre>Hello [[first-name]],Thanks for your recent order. You’ve made a great choice!Before you use your new [[product-name]] for the first time, take just a moment to read these **instructions/safety guidelines/usage tips/helpful hints/etc.** They will help ensure you have thebest experience possible. **INSERT INFORMATION YOUR CUSTOMERS NEED TO KNOW RIGHT AWAY BEFORE USING THE PRODUCT.****This might be clarification on issues many customers get confused about, feature use tips, etc.Examples include: Be sure to wash your new water bottle in hot water and rinse it thoroughly before drinking from it to eliminate the plastic taste. The brackets on your car storage bag may not line up with your headrest posts. This is not a defect. Simply turn the brackets until they align with your headrest.**Once you follow these simple steps, you’ll be able to use your [[product-name]] and all itsfeatures to the fullest.——————————Have 3 minutes? Just like you, other shoppers want help deciding which Amazon sellers totrust. [[feedback-link:Share your opinion of us as a seller]] (whether we answered your questions, respondedquickly, etc.) so that other shoppers can learn from your experience.——————————Have questions? Simply reply to this email and we’ll respond quickly with the answers you need.Enjoy!**Signature**</pre><h3 id="Small-Business-Feedback-Request"><a href="#Small-Business-Feedback-Request" class="headerlink" title="Small Business Feedback Request"></a>Small Business Feedback Request</h3><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">SUBJECT:[[product-name]] was delivered and...</div><div class="line">EVENT: Immediately after delivered</div><div class="line">GOAL: Seller Feedback</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure><pre>Hello [[first-name]],Thank you again for your order of [[product-link]].[[order-link:View Order on Amazon.com]]Our carrier shows that your item has been delivered. We want to make sure that you were satisfied with the delivery of your order. Naturally, as a small business your experience and your feedback are important to our success. Please take a moment and share your experience on how well we handled your order. If there are any issues with the order, please [[contact-link:let us know]] right away and we'll immediately ameliorate any issues. As an option, you can report any issues by simply replying to this email.Thanks again for your purchase! Please take 2 seconds to click the link below and rate your experience.[[feedback-link:Leave Us Feedback]]Thank You,**Signature**</pre><h3 id="Quality-Service-Feedback-Request"><a href="#Quality-Service-Feedback-Request" class="headerlink" title="Quality Service Feedback Request"></a>Quality Service Feedback Request</h3><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">SUBJECT: [[product-name]] was delivered and...</div><div class="line">EVENT: Immediately after delivered</div><div class="line">GOAL: Seller Feedback</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure><pre>Hello [[first-name]],Thank you again for your order of [[product-link]].[[order-link:View Order on Amazon.com]]Our carrier notified us that your item has been delivered. We want to make sure that you were satisfied with the delivery of your order. And as a small business, your satisfaction and your feedback are important to our success. Please inspect your order. If there are any issues with the order, please [[contact-link:let us know]] right away and we'll immediately work to make it right. You can also simply reply to this email.To ensure quality service, Amazon requests feedback on how well we handled your order. Can you please take a moment and share your experience on how well we processed and shipped your order?Thanks again for your purchase! Please take just 10 seconds to click the link below and rate our transaction.[[feedback-link:Leave Us Feedback]]Thank You,**Signature**</pre><h3 id="“Tell-Us-How-We-Did-”-Feedback-Request"><a href="#“Tell-Us-How-We-Did-”-Feedback-Request" class="headerlink" title="“Tell Us How We Did!” Feedback Request"></a>“Tell Us How We Did!” Feedback Request</h3><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">SUBJECT: Tell us about how we did [[first-name]]!</div><div class="line">EVENT: 7 days after delivered</div><div class="line">GOAL: Seller Feedback</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure><pre>Hello [[first-name]],Thank you again for purchasing [[product-name]]! Our customer support doesn't end with your purchase. If there are any issues with your order, please [[contact-link:contact us]] by responding to this email so we can address your concerns.Your opinion matters and other shoppers would love to hear what you have to say. If you haven't already left a review, we would appreciate if you would share your thoughts on it.[[feedback-link:Leave your feedback here]]Thanks again!Sincerely,**Signature**</pre><h3 id="“Congrats-”-Feedback-Request"><a href="#“Congrats-”-Feedback-Request" class="headerlink" title="“Congrats!” Feedback Request"></a>“Congrats!” Feedback Request</h3><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">SUBJECT: Your order has been delivered! Tell us how you feel about it</div><div class="line">EVENT: mmediately after delivered</div><div class="line">GOAL: Seller Feedback</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure><pre>Hello [[first-name]],We just noticed your [[product-name]] has been delivered. Congrats!Your complete satisfaction is my number one priority. If you have any issues with your purchase, please [[contact-link:contact us]] so we can do our best to resolve them. As a small business, your feedback goes a long way in helping others determine if they want to buy from us. Would you be able to take 1 minute of your time and share about your recent experience?[[feedback-link:Write your review here]]Again, if there are any issues, please reply to this email so we can help. Thanks again!Sincerely,**Signature**</pre><h3 id="“Mind-Sharing-Your-Experience-”-Feedback-Request"><a href="#“Mind-Sharing-Your-Experience-”-Feedback-Request" class="headerlink" title="“Mind Sharing Your Experience?” Feedback Request"></a>“Mind Sharing Your Experience?” Feedback Request</h3><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">SUBJECT: Mind Sharing Your Experience?</div><div class="line">EVENT: 2 days after delivered</div><div class="line">GOAL: Seller Feedback</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure><pre>Hello [[first-name]],Thank you again for your order of [[product-link]].I hope that you've had a chance to open up the package and make sure that everything is in order. Please [[contact-link:let us know]] right away if there is anything wrong so that we have an opportunity to correct it. You can also simply reply to this email.Thanks again for shopping with us. [[feedback-link:I'd really appreciate it if you could take just a few seconds to leave feedback]] for us. It really affects our ability to sell and be successful. One of the things that makes Amazon such a great place to shop is the feedback system and active participation by buyers like you.[[feedback-link:Leave feedback for **Signature**]].[[order-link:View your order on Amazon]]**Signature**</pre><h3 id="10-Second-Feedback-Request"><a href="#10-Second-Feedback-Request" class="headerlink" title="10 Second Feedback Request"></a>10 Second Feedback Request</h3><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">SUBJECT: [[product-name]] has been delivered</div><div class="line">EVENT: Immediately after delivered</div><div class="line">GOAL: Seller Feedback</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure><pre>Hello [[first-name]],Thank you again for your order of [[product-link]].[[order-link:View Order on Amazon.com]]The available tracking information from [[carrier]] shows that your item has been delivered. Amazon asks that you rate my service based on how I handled your order and processed it for delivery. As a small company, your feedback is critical to our success. Please take a moment to verify that your item was not damaged in transit. If there is any problem with the order, please [[contact-link:let us know]] right away and we'll do what we can to make it right. You can also simply reply to this email.Thanks again for your purchase, we'd appreciate it if you could take less than 10 seconds to click the link below and rate this transaction.[[feedback-link:Leave Us Feedback]]Thank You,**Signature**</pre>]]></content>
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<h2 id="Customer-Service"><a href="#Customer-Service" class="headerlink" title="Customer Service"></a>Customer Service</h2><h3 id="Small-Bus
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<entry>
<title>Source Product in Yiwu Wholesale Market - Complete Guide</title>
<link href="http://blog.inesoi.com/yiwu-wholesale-market-complete-guide.html"/>
<id>http://blog.inesoi.com/yiwu-wholesale-market-complete-guide.html</id>
<published>2018-08-27T16:00:00.000Z</published>
<updated>2018-08-31T16:34:25.268Z</updated>
<content type="html"><![CDATA[<p>Whenever people talk about sourcing products from China, the Chinese Fairs always come first to many people’s minds, like the Canton fair in Guangzhou. But you can only attend these exhibitions at specific times. </p><p>In this case, I highly recommend that you come to Yiwu Wholesale Market, Which is the biggest wholesale market in the world. And you’re very likely to find a supplier that you need at any time. </p><p>By reading this article, you will get to learn the features of Yiwu wholesale market, find out how to purchase in Yiwu, discover the products with potential commercial value, and realize your business dream. </p><p>This is a long article, and I organize it into 7 chapters. You can click either icons or the text below, to navigate to each chapters. If you like this article, please share it with your friends.</p><h2 id="1-Where-is-Yiwu-amp-What-is-Yiwu-Wholesale-Market"><a href="#1-Where-is-Yiwu-amp-What-is-Yiwu-Wholesale-Market" class="headerlink" title="1. Where is Yiwu? & What is Yiwu Wholesale Market?"></a>1. Where is Yiwu? & What is Yiwu Wholesale Market?</h2><p>Where is Yiwu? Yiwu is located in Zhejiang Province, close to Ningbo Port and Shanghai Port. For more information about the location of Yiwu and how to get to Yiwu, you can <a href="https://jingsourcing.com/how-to-get-to-yiwu/" target="_blank" rel="external">click here</a>. </p><p><img src="../resources/images/yiwumap1.jpg" alt="yiwu map"></p><p>Yiwu is really a <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/cities/2017/mar/23/welcome-yiwu-china-testing-ground-multicultural-city" target="_blank" rel="external">multicultural city</a>. It attracts more than 500, 000 foreign procurers who come here every year to develop their businesses. Yiwu also has over 14, 000 foreign businessmen from more than 100 different countries who reside there.All the people come to Yiwu for the biggest wholesale market in the world, which is “Yiwu Wholesale market”. </p><p>Here, you will find a wide array of products.There are more than 70, 000 booths in this market exhibiting different products. It makes Yiwu be more of a huge fair instead of a market. And what distinguishes it from all the other open fairs is that Yiwu market is open all year round, except during the Spring Festival. </p><p>In the Yiwu wholesale market, you can find suppliers of various products. These suppliers are from all parts of China. And their factories may not be in Yiwu, but from the surrounding cities of Yiwu such as Zhuji, or farther, like Guangzhou, Shenzhen, etc. </p><p>But they are all concentrated in the Yiwu wholesale market for sales. This makes it easier for customers at home and from abroad to make centralized purchases.</p><h3 id="Travel-through-Yiwu-Wholesale-Market"><a href="#Travel-through-Yiwu-Wholesale-Market" class="headerlink" title="Travel through Yiwu Wholesale Market"></a>Travel through Yiwu Wholesale Market</h3><p>In fact, Yiwu has many wholesale markets. But the most famous wholesale market is called Yiwu International Trade Market, also known as Futian Market because it is located in Futian. But foreigners prefer to call it “Yiwu Wholesale Market”. </p><p>And what I have mentioned in this article is referring to this market. As for some other Yiwu Markets, I will discuss them in Chapter 8. </p><h2 id="2-A-Map-Guide-of-Yiwu-Wholesale-Market"><a href="#2-A-Map-Guide-of-Yiwu-Wholesale-Market" class="headerlink" title="2. A Map Guide of Yiwu Wholesale Market"></a>2. A Map Guide of Yiwu Wholesale Market</h2><p>The Yiwu wholesale market has five main districts, each with 3-4 floors. All the areas are connected. Actually, you can visit the market from one district to the other four districts without leaving the building. </p><p><img src="../resources/images/market-map-2.jpg" alt="market map"></p><p>I have to say that Yiwu Wholesale Market is the best in China and even in the whole world. Because no any other wholesale market is as well planned as the Yiwu Wholesale Market. All areas are subdivided according to the category of their products. </p><p>You can easily find the products that you want to import from here. I have sorted out various product categories in every district for your reference. And of course, you can <a href="https://jingsourcing.com/download/94fc2d57d91b6efd228597e33d55fef5.pdf" target="_blank" rel="external">click here</a> to download the map or enter your email to get a detailed map. </p><h3 id="District-1"><a href="#District-1" class="headerlink" title="District 1"></a>District 1</h3><ul><li>F1: Common toys, Electric toys, Inflatable toys, Plush toys, Flower accessories</li><li>F2: Jewelry, Head Ornament</li><li>F3: Ornament Accessories, Porcelain & Crystal, Picture Frame, Tourism Craft, Decoration Craft, Festival Craft</li><li>F4: Factory Outlets</li></ul><h3 id="District-2"><a href="#District-2" class="headerlink" title="District 2"></a>District 2</h3><ul><li>F1: Suitcases & Bags, Schoolbags, Rainwear, Rain Capes & Poly Bags, Umbrellas</li><li>F2: Vehicles, Hardware Tools & Fittings, Locks, Electric Products</li><li>F3: Electric Instrument, Batteries/Lamp $ Flashlight, Clocks & Watches, Telecommunication Appliances, Small Home Appliances, Shaver, Kitchen & Bath</li><li>F4: Factory Outlets, Electronics, Suitcase & Bags, Clocks & Watches, Hardware & Electric Appliances, Pavilion</li></ul><h3 id="District-3"><a href="#District-3" class="headerlink" title="District 3"></a>District 3</h3><ul><li>F1: Glasses, Pen & Inks, Paper Articles</li><li>F2: Sporting Articles, Office suppliers & Stationery</li><li>F3: Factory Outlets-Zippers, Accessories, Sporting Articles</li></ul><h3 id="District-4"><a href="#District-4" class="headerlink" title="District 4"></a>District 4</h3><ul><li>F1: Socks</li><li>F2: General Merchandise for Daily Use, Knitting Products, Gloves, HAT</li><li>F3: Sewing Thread & Tape, Shoes, Lace, Necktie, Wool Yarn, Towel</li><li>F4: Belt, Scarf, Bar & Underwear, Scarf, Bar </li></ul><h3 id="District-5"><a href="#District-5" class="headerlink" title="District 5"></a>District 5</h3><ul><li>F1: Imported Commodities, African Products Exhibition Center, Jewelry & Handcrafts, Clothing & Hats, Article of Daily Use, Food, Health Care Products</li><li>F2: Beddings</li><li>F3: Needle Weaver Fabrics, Knitting Raw Material, Curtains</li><li>F4: Auto Accessories, Car & Motorcycle Parts, Pet (fish) Products</li></ul><h2 id="3-How-to-Deal-With-Suppliers-in-Yiwu-Market"><a href="#3-How-to-Deal-With-Suppliers-in-Yiwu-Market" class="headerlink" title="3. How to Deal With Suppliers in Yiwu Market?"></a>3. How to Deal With Suppliers in Yiwu Market?</h2><h3 id="1-How-to-communicate-with-Suppliers-in-Yiwu-Market"><a href="#1-How-to-communicate-with-Suppliers-in-Yiwu-Market" class="headerlink" title="1.How to communicate with Suppliers in Yiwu Market"></a>1.How to communicate with Suppliers in Yiwu Market</h3><p>When you ask for the products at the booths, you will find that you can simply communicate with the suppliers in Yiwu Wholesale Market, for instance, talking about the price. Because the suppliers can understand some basic English, such as how much, price, cheap, good, and other simple English words. </p><p>When you see a product at a booth, you can use your finger to point it out. And then the suppliers will show you the price of RMB with a calculator. You need to pay attention to the fact that suppliers in the market only accept RMB and reject the US dollars. </p><p><img src="../resources/images/price-on-calculator.jpg" alt="price on calculator"></p><p>Since the sellers can only communicate in this simple way, if you go to buy a small amount of stock, then you can manage on your own. But if you want to communicate more deeply about the product, such as customizing the content. Then you will find that communication will become very difficult. In this case, it would be a good decision to find a translator or Yiwu market agent.</p><h3 id="2-Hire-a-Translator-or-a-Yiwu-Market-Agent-to-Help-You"><a href="#2-Hire-a-Translator-or-a-Yiwu-Market-Agent-to-Help-You" class="headerlink" title="2.Hire a Translator or a Yiwu Market Agent to Help You"></a>2.Hire a Translator or a Yiwu Market Agent to Help You</h3><p>Translator and agents can help you determine price, quantity per carton, CBM per carton, minimum order quantity, production time, minimum quantity for customizing packaging and more with suppliers. </p><p><img src="../resources/images/A-foreign-customer-is-visiting-a-flag-booth-with-an-agent.jpg" alt="A foreign customer is visiting a flag booth with an agent"></p><p>Here, you need to note that the work of the translator is mainly to help you communicate with the supplier in the market. But as for orders, inspections, and delivery after leaving the market, that’s not their job. The reward for a translator is about ¥350 a day, which is equivalent to $40-$50 a day. </p><p>However, an agent will help you with everything in China, even like packaging matters. Sometimes, when your quantity is small, the supplier may not help you to package your products. But agents can package your goods according to your requirements. And fees are mainly charged based on the percentage of the purchase amount.</p><h3 id="3-Tips-for-Finding-Yiwu-Wholesale-Market-Suppliers"><a href="#3-Tips-for-Finding-Yiwu-Wholesale-Market-Suppliers" class="headerlink" title="3.Tips for Finding Yiwu Wholesale Market Suppliers"></a>3.Tips for Finding Yiwu Wholesale Market Suppliers</h3><p>◆. Whether you go directly to buy in the market, or go with a translator or agent, I suggest that you find more suppliers and find a better price among them. The districts of Yiwu market are very clear. </p><p>Generally, the suppliers of the same product are all situated in the same area. You only need to go around them to find similar suppliers. Also you can check on the website of “Yiwugou” to find a supplier’s information.</p><p><img src="../resources/images/yiwugou.png" alt="yiwugou"></p><p>◆. After selecting a supplier, you must confirm with the supplier that the actual products and the samples in the stores are the same. If not, they should let you know in advance. Because it is very common that the actual products and the samples are not the same in Yiwu market. </p><p>For this problem, the supplier will not take the initiative to explain to you, and it is only when you actually receive the actual products that you will find it’s too late. Therefore, I strongly recommend that you confirm this issue with the supplier in advance. </p><p>◆. Some suppliers in the Yiwu market are specialized in doing one category, and some others do the various categories of products at the same time. If you are unfamiliar with Yiwu market, then professional agents can help you find more professional suppliers, even manufacturers. </p><p>Their prices will tend to be better, the quality of the products will be more secure, and the suppliers are more familiar with the products. The suppliers that deal with a lot of categories often have multiple cooperative factories. Relatively speaking, the suppliers who do various categories are not more professional than those who have specialized in just one category. </p><p><img src="../resources/images/Professional-sellers.png" alt="Professional sellers"></p><figure class="image-bubble"> <div class="img-lightbox"> <div class="overlay"></div> <img src="../resources/images/Unprofessional-seller.png" alt="Unprofessional seller" title=""> </div> <div class="image-caption">Unprofessional seller</div> </figure><p>◆. For price negotiations, the price of the supplier will not be very different. Generally, the quantity of about 1000 pieces can be offered at a great price. And sometimes, the supplier will give you a little discount of about 3-5%. </p><p>Some customers think that if they directly ask the supplier whether the price of 10, 000 pieces will be lower, they will get a low price of around 10-20%. But this is not true, as even after doing this; the price will still be the same as that of 1000 pieces. </p><p>You don’t have to be surprised, because this is normal. Since suppliers don’t believe you will buy 10, 000 pieces. They just think that this is a trick of you asking them about the lowest price possible. So, when you hear that the price of 1000 pieces is almost the same as that of 10, 000 pieces, you shouldn’t be surprised at all.</p><h2 id="4-Find-A-Yiwu-Market-Agent-and-Know-Their-Tricks"><a href="#4-Find-A-Yiwu-Market-Agent-and-Know-Their-Tricks" class="headerlink" title="4. Find A Yiwu Market Agent and Know Their Tricks"></a>4. Find A Yiwu Market Agent and Know Their Tricks</h2><p>When you come to Yiwu, you will find that there are too many agents. But there are only a few large companies with at least 500 people, and thousands of agents with 10 people or less, or even just 2-3 people. </p><p>Among the various agencies, it is important to find a good company and build trust with them, since long-term cooperation is important. The damage done by a bad agency to your business cannot be under-estimated. </p><p>So, there are some hidden rules and tricks that you need to know in the Yiwu Wholesale Market. By understanding these things, you can easily find a good agency to protect your own interests. </p><h3 id="4-1-Where-To-Find-Your-Yiwu-Market-Agent"><a href="#4-1-Where-To-Find-Your-Yiwu-Market-Agent" class="headerlink" title="4.1 Where To Find Your Yiwu Market Agent?"></a>4.1 Where To Find Your Yiwu Market Agent?</h3><p>If you are abroad but want to find a good agent in advance for visiting the Yiwu market, then you can search for “Yiwu Market Agent” on Google, where you will find some Yiwu agents. If you have already arrived in Yiwu, you will see a lot of advertisements about Yiwu agents at the airport, train station, and even at your hotel entrance. You can choose one of them. </p><p><img src="../resources/images/google-on-yiwu-market-agent.png" alt="google on yiwu market agent"></p><p>Here, I also want to share something special with you. If you are a customer from the Middle East and Africa, then you can find people who are doing import and export business in Yiwu directly to your country. They can communicate with you in your own language and they fully understand the situation of China and your country. </p><p>You can go and search for them as agents. They will prepare everything for you in China, including visas, air tickets, hotel reservations, etc. After coming to China, you only need to focus on purchasing your products, and they will do the following: inspection, delivery, customs clearance, and other issues for you. </p><p><img src="../resources/images/Cargo-Inspection.jpg" alt="Cargo-Inspection"></p><figure class="image-bubble"> <div class="img-lightbox"> <div class="overlay"></div> <img src="../resources/images/Customs-Clearance-Procedure.jpg" alt="Customs-Clearance-Procedure" title=""> </div> <div class="image-caption">Customs-Clearance-Procedure</div> </figure><figure class="image-bubble"> <div class="img-lightbox"> <div class="overlay"></div> <img src="../resources/images/freight-shipping.jpg" alt="freight-shipping" title=""> </div> <div class="image-caption">freight-shipping</div> </figure><h3 id="4-2-What-does-Yiwu-Market-Agent-Serve"><a href="#4-2-What-does-Yiwu-Market-Agent-Serve" class="headerlink" title="4.2 What does Yiwu Market Agent Serve?"></a>4.2 What does Yiwu Market Agent Serve?</h3><p>The services provided by the Yiwu Market Agent are as follows: </p><ol><li><p>Yiwu market agent will take you to the market, and help you source wholesale products according to your procurement plan. Or when you don’t have any plan, they can take you to some of the most popular shops in the market.</p></li><li><p>When you enter the store, the agent can act as a translator to help you communicate with the supplier. If you’re lucky, he or she can get some discounts for you. </p></li><li><p>Generally speaking, many guests will purchase some goods in various shops to form a whole cabinet in Yiwu market. And your agent will help you to create a variety of forms to help track your various products. </p></li><li><p>When you finally decide on the goods you want to purchase, the agent will help you to place an order with the supplier and pay the required amount. This is because the supplier only accepts the RMB. </p></li></ol><pre><code>![Two foreigners are confirming order with the booth](../resources/images/Two-foreigners-are-confirming-order-with-the-booth.jpg )</code></pre><ol><li><p>Agents can provide their warehouses in China, by temporarily storing the products you have purchased. This gives you time to concentrate on your purchases without worrying about having a place to store your goods in China. </p></li><li><p>They receive goods for you, check the goods, and then ship them to your country. When you complete the procurement process, you can just go back to your country. Your agent will help you to complete the follow-up. This way, you don’t have to waste time; after all, time is money. </p></li><li><p>As you enjoy these services provided by the agent, they will charge you a certain service fee, which is usually settled according to the total amount of purchases.</p></li></ol><h3 id="4-3-What-is-Yiwu-Agent’s-Service-Charge-How-Much-Should-You-Pay-for-The-Agent-Service"><a href="#4-3-What-is-Yiwu-Agent’s-Service-Charge-How-Much-Should-You-Pay-for-The-Agent-Service" class="headerlink" title="4.3 What is Yiwu Agent’s Service Charge? How Much Should You Pay for The Agent Service?"></a>4.3 What is Yiwu Agent’s Service Charge? How Much Should You Pay for The Agent Service?</h3><p>This is a very interesting topic and one that foreigners who come to Yiwu to purchase goods are normally concerned about, especially for those importers who have no any purchasing experience in Yiwu. You may not be aware that there are more than 1, 000 agencies in Yiwu! The largest agency normally has at least 500 people and the smallest agency usually has around 5 people. </p><p>There are so many agents available in Yiwu. In fact, you will not know how to choose the best agent. At this point, you may be attracted to ads that claim to offer 3% commission or even lower, and some even give 0% commission. </p><p><img src="../resources/images/Caution-phot-by-ra2-studio-via-fotolia.jpg" alt="caution"></p><p>My advice is that you should not be misled by these ads. This is just a low-cost competitive marketing method used by agencies to attract new customers. When you contact these companies, they will also tell you that there are various other service fees to collect. Although there is no set industry standard in Yiwu, as far as I know, it is more reasonable and reliable for the agents to charge around 5-10% service fee. </p><p>You can go ahead and choose an agent with a low service fee, but you will find some of the problems that I am going to talk about in the next paragraph. They are some of the most used tricks by Yiwu agents, which many of our readers have shared with us. </p><h3 id="4-4-Some-of-Yiwu-Agent’s-Tricks-You-Need-to-Know"><a href="#4-4-Some-of-Yiwu-Agent’s-Tricks-You-Need-to-Know" class="headerlink" title="4.4 Some of Yiwu Agent’s Tricks You Need to Know"></a>4.4 Some of Yiwu Agent’s Tricks You Need to Know</h3><p>In order to maintain the interests of their own company, some agencies that charge 3% or lower service fees often use some tricks to make up for the loss of service fees.</p><p><img src="../resources/images/tips-and-tricks.png" alt="tips and tricks"></p><ol><li><p>Change suppliers</p><p> When you think that the quality of supplier A’s product is good, the price is acceptable, and as a result, you go ahead and place your order. But then, your agent is more likely to replace your supplier A with a cheaper supplier B, in order to benefit from it. As for you, the lower price of supplier B means that you may get a poor quality product. </p></li><li><p>Ask suppliers for a kick back</p><p> When you go directly to the market, your agent will help you to negotiate with the supplier. During this time, the agent will use the Chinese language to ask the supplier to increase the original price by 2-3% as a quote for you. In this case, the price of the product you pay will be more expensive. </p></li><li><p>Force suppliers to cut prices</p><p> When you and the supplier decide on the product and price, the agent will force the supplier to cut the price when placing the order. This way, the agent receives the profit from the price difference. This situation will also cause the supplier to give you poor product quality and protect their profit.</p></li></ol><h2 id="5-How-to-Ship-Products-from-Yiwu-to-Your-Country"><a href="#5-How-to-Ship-Products-from-Yiwu-to-Your-Country" class="headerlink" title="5. How to Ship Products from Yiwu to Your Country?"></a>5. How to Ship Products from Yiwu to Your Country?</h2><p>Yiwu is a city with very developed logistics and transportation networks. Here, you can choose to ship to your country in many ways. In general, there is express delivery, air transportation, and shipping. </p><p><img src="../resources/images/shipping-way.jpg" alt="shipping way"></p><p>Among them, express delivery is the fastest way. Frankly speaking, the goods can be sent directly to the address door that you provide within 3-5 days. Note that; express delivery is the most costly way. So it is only suitable for small, high-value goods, such as electronic products, accessories, watches and so on. </p><p>If you are ready to send by express, then I suggest that you do not contact Fedex, DHL, UPS, or any other official express. Because their discounts for individuals are usually limited. A good solution would be to contact Yiwu’s express agent. </p><p>You can find a lot of such express delivery companies around the market. They have a very low discount rate because they have a lot of clients. If you compare the two, you will find that using an express agent can really help you reduce the cost of freight. </p><p>If you are shipping, or want to transport by air, you can go to the Chanchun District and Futian District of Yiwu Market to find some freight forwarding companies. </p><p><img src="../resources/images/changchun-futian-district.jpg" alt="changchun futian district"><img src="../resources/images/changchun-futian-district-1024x349.jpg" alt=""></p><p>Many freight forwarding companies will claim to be able to send to any country. However, these freight forwarding companies are not the best choice. I suggest that you find some freight forwarders that are specialized in your country line. Such companies normally give you a full quote to your country right away, including some details on customs clearance. </p><p>Some freight forwarders will tell you that they can ship goods to any country. In fact, they ship to several major countries. So, if your country is not one of those countries that they normally ship to, they will contact other freight forwarders to help you ship. Then, the quote will end up being much higher. </p><p>Especially, for some customers in the Middle East, Africa, Russia, and South America, customs clearance is not as easy as in North America, and it is more likely to have problems.</p><p>The freight forwarding companies in the special line can help you solve various problems more professionally because of their rich experience. And a large number of these special line freight forwarding companies have been opened in Yiwu by people from your country, so it will be more convenient in communicating. </p><p>If you are from a country along the “<a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/the-longest-railway-in-the-world-2015-1" target="_blank" rel="external">Yixinou Railway</a>“, you can also choose to ship the goods to your country by rail. The “Yixinou railway” starts from Yiwu and passes through <strong>Kazakhstan</strong>, <strong>Russia</strong>, <strong>Belarus</strong>, <strong>Poland</strong>, <strong>Germany</strong>, <strong>France</strong>, and finally, <strong>Madrid</strong>. The choice of rail transport saves about half of the cost of time, and its cost is only half or less that of air transport.</p><p><img src="../resources/images/yixinou2.png" alt="“Yixinou Railway”"></p><h2 id="6-Four-Things-You-Need-to-Know-About-Yiwu-Wholesale-Market"><a href="#6-Four-Things-You-Need-to-Know-About-Yiwu-Wholesale-Market" class="headerlink" title="6. Four Things You Need to Know About Yiwu Wholesale Market"></a>6. Four Things You Need to Know About Yiwu Wholesale Market</h2><h3 id="6-1-Are-All-the-Booths-Opened-by-Manufacturers"><a href="#6-1-Are-All-the-Booths-Opened-by-Manufacturers" class="headerlink" title="6.1 Are All the Booths Opened by Manufacturers?"></a>6.1 Are All the Booths Opened by Manufacturers?</h3><p>Most booths are owned by individual businesses, while others are owned by trading companies and they’ve got lots of factories that supply them on a long-term basis. If you do not want to buy in large quantities, in some cases, you may get better prices from them than when buying from the factory. </p><p>There are some booths owned by factories. These are mainly based in Yiwu and nearby cities. Others are based in Fujian, Guangdong, and other provinces. The scales of these factories range between 10 and 1, 000 staffs. </p><p>If it’s your first time visiting Yiwu, or you do not have much information and experience on import, you will find it challenging trying to distinguish whether these are individual businesses, small workshops, or large-scale factories. Even though most booths claim to be manufacturers, you shouldn’t trust them at all. </p><h3 id="6-2-Are-Yiwu-Products-of-Poor-Quality-as-Alleged"><a href="#6-2-Are-Yiwu-Products-of-Poor-Quality-as-Alleged" class="headerlink" title="6.2 Are Yiwu Products of Poor Quality as Alleged?"></a>6.2 Are Yiwu Products of Poor Quality as Alleged?</h3><p>Some commentators on the internet allege that all Yiwu products are of poor quality, thus they cannot be exported to the United States. This is not true because of the following reasons:</p><p>Yiwu product does not mean “Made in Yiwu”. As mentioned earlier, Chinese products have industrial areas where they are manufactured from. Many products sold in Yiwu are made in other leading production areas and they are just availed in Yiwu for sale.</p><p>One of the top 3 exporting countries from Yiwu is the U.S. Many high-quality products are exported from China to the U.S every year. Yiwu also has some budget products which target developing countries, but it’s not true to say that all Yiwu products are not of good quality. </p><p>For example, most Christmas products are produced in Yiwu, but you will also find suppliers in places like Shenzhen and other areas. However, the Shenzen supplier may play a dirty trick by not telling you that the products were manufactured in Yiwu, or even he/she may claim that what they sell is better than that made in Yiwu. </p><h3 id="6-3-Is-Yiwu-Wholesale-Market-only-suitable-for-Small-Businesses"><a href="#6-3-Is-Yiwu-Wholesale-Market-only-suitable-for-Small-Businesses" class="headerlink" title="6.3 Is Yiwu Wholesale Market only suitable for Small Businesses?"></a>6.3 Is Yiwu Wholesale Market only suitable for Small Businesses?</h3><p>Many articles on the internet are saying that Yiwu market is only suitable for small businesses, and Shenzhen or other big cities are better for big orders. But the truth is that you won’t find a market with an MOQ that’s higher than that of the markets in Yiwu. </p><p>For those individuals who want to buy one item from $1000 or more to 2-3 containers, this is the best place to source them. It’s quite difficult to persuade the booth to sell one or two cartons for one item, as this quantity is very less than their MOQ. </p><p>Usually, every product in any market needs lead time. However, some of them tend to have spot goods so that you can purchase in small quantities. But there are two conditions which you should consider before buying spot goods.</p><p>Spot goods cannot be changed. All the colors, logos, and styles, as well as packaging, remain the same as the samples that you see in the booth. If you want customized products, you will have to buy in large quantities. Because spot goods are already manufactured, their standard or design is not current, thus they are not suitable for fashion products.</p><h3 id="6-4-How-Does-Yiwu-Differ-from-Ningbo-Shenzhen-and-Guangzhou"><a href="#6-4-How-Does-Yiwu-Differ-from-Ningbo-Shenzhen-and-Guangzhou" class="headerlink" title="6.4 How Does Yiwu Differ from Ningbo, Shenzhen, and Guangzhou?"></a>6.4 How Does Yiwu Differ from Ningbo, Shenzhen, and Guangzhou?</h3><p>Ningbo, Shenzhen, and Guangzhou are all big coastal cities in China and have ports, which is a factor that gives them many advantages of export. This is also the reason why most large international companies have set up their procurement or branch offices in these cities. Also, there are various professional trading companies which offer better services. </p><p>Yiwu does not have a port and relies on the Ningbo port, which is 200km away. Meanwhile, Yiwu supplies many goods to Ningbo, Shenzhen, and Guangzhou. </p><p>You can’t find any other place like Yiwu wholesale market that collects so many products from Ningbo, Shenzhen, and Guangzhou. </p><p>Ningbo doesn’t have any market and its advantage is the port only. On the other hand, Shenzhen only has a market for electronic products, while Guangzhou is a popular market for jewelry, clothing, and related items. And these markets are in different places and sourcing from them is not easy. It is only during Canton Fair when suppliers congregate at one place in China.</p><h2 id="7-Other-Wholesale-Markets-and-Yiwu-Fairs"><a href="#7-Other-Wholesale-Markets-and-Yiwu-Fairs" class="headerlink" title="7. Other Wholesale Markets and Yiwu Fairs"></a>7. Other Wholesale Markets and Yiwu Fairs</h2><p>In fact, Yiwu has many different types of wholesale markets. The Yiwu wholesale market that you know is referred to as the “Futian market”. But there are other wholesale markets in Yiwu. These markets are not as famous as the Futian market, but you can also find some products that you want here.</p><h3 id="Yiwu-Huangyuan-Clothing-Market"><a href="#Yiwu-Huangyuan-Clothing-Market" class="headerlink" title="Yiwu Huangyuan Clothing Market"></a>Yiwu Huangyuan Clothing Market</h3><p><img src="../resources/images/Yiwu-Huangyuan-Clothing-Market.jpg" alt="Yiwu Huangyuan Clothing Market"></p><p>Tag: clothes, suit, uniform, coat, scarf, dress, T-shirt, jeans, skirt, shirt, trousers, jacket</p><h3 id="Yiwu-Furniture-Market"><a href="#Yiwu-Furniture-Market" class="headerlink" title="Yiwu Furniture Market"></a>Yiwu Furniture Market</h3><p><img src="../resources/images/Yiwu-Furniture-Market.jpg" alt="Yiwu-Furniture-Market"></p><p>Tag: light, sofa, chair, bed, drawer, door, table, bookshelf, fireplace, couch, mirror, crib, clothes tree</p><h3 id="Yiwu-International-Capital-Goods-Market"><a href="#Yiwu-International-Capital-Goods-Market" class="headerlink" title="Yiwu International Capital Goods Market"></a>Yiwu International Capital Goods Market</h3><p><img src="../resources/images/Yiwu-International-Capital-Goods-Market.jpg" alt="Yiwu International Capital Goods Market"></p><p>Tag: kitchenware, lamp bulb, LED, leather, crafts, tools, equipment</p><p>Although Yiwu has many open markets all year round, Yiwu’s exhibitions will also be held from time-to-time. Most of the customers who come to China to participate in the Canton Fair normally fly to Yiwu to participate in Yiwu Exhibition after the completion of the Canton Fair. </p><p>You can think of Yiwu’s exhibition as a mini Canton, where to find some real factories. But if you want me to give you some advice about whether to go to the Canton Fair or to the Yiwu Exhibition, my suggestion will be the Canton Fair, as you will find more suppliers and products there. The following is an exhibition to be held in Yiwu in September 2018 and 2019. You can refer to it. </p><table><thead><tr><th>Name of Fairs in Yiwu</th><th>Data </th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><a href="http://ty.yw-ybh.com/" target="_blank" rel="external">The Belt and Road Yiwu Sports Industry Exhibition </a></td><td>Sep.7-9/2018 </td></tr><tr><td><a href="http://www.cafexpo.net/" target="_blank" rel="external">2018 China Art and Frame Expo </a></td><td>Sep.18-20/2018 </td></tr><tr><td><a href="http://www.yiwufair.com/" target="_blank" rel="external">China Yiwu Auto and Motorcycle Parts Exhibition </a></td><td>Oct.21-24/2018 </td></tr><tr><td><a href="http://www.yiwufair.com/" target="_blank" rel="external">China Yiwu International Commodities Fair </a></td><td>Oct.21-25/2018 </td></tr><tr><td><a href="http://www.yw-ybh.com/" target="_blank" rel="external">2018 China Yiwu International Manufacturing Equipment Expo </a></td><td>Nov.29-Dec.1/2018</td></tr><tr><td><a href="http://www.yw-ybh.com/" target="_blank" rel="external">2018 Belt and Road Initiative (Yiwu) glasses and eye care products fair</a></td><td>Apr.1-3/2019 </td></tr><tr><td><a href="http://www.ssofair.com/" target="_blank" rel="external">The 14th China (Yiwu) Cultural Products Trade Fair </a></td><td>Apr.27-30/2019 </td></tr></tbody></table><p><strong>Now It’s Your Turn</strong></p><p>Are you ready to come to Yiwu and see the biggest wholesale market for yourself?</p><p>Do you want to be one of the importers from Yiwu and accelerate your business?</p><p>Have you understood how to avoid the tricks and get the good products at wonderful prices?</p><p>What have you learned from this article? Let me hear your voice by leaving a comment below right now. </p><p><img src="../resources/images/its-your-turn.png" alt=""></p>]]></content>
<summary type="html">
<p>Whenever people talk about sourcing products from China, the Chinese Fairs always come first to many people’s minds, like the Canton fair
</summary>
<category term="Trade" scheme="http://blog.inesoi.com/categories/Trade/"/>
<category term="trade" scheme="http://blog.inesoi.com/tags/trade/"/>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>Using Amazon Product Inserts for Reviews</title>
<link href="http://blog.inesoi.com/amazon-insert-card-review.html"/>
<id>http://blog.inesoi.com/amazon-insert-card-review.html</id>
<published>2018-08-21T16:00:00.000Z</published>
<updated>2018-08-31T16:34:25.211Z</updated>
<content type="html"><![CDATA[<h2 id="How-to-Use-Amazon-Product-Inserts-for-Reviews"><a href="#How-to-Use-Amazon-Product-Inserts-for-Reviews" class="headerlink" title="How to Use Amazon Product Inserts for Reviews"></a>How to Use Amazon Product Inserts for Reviews</h2><p>Including physical inserts inside the packages for your products can be a very effective way for Amazon sellers to get product reviews. </p><p>These don’t have to be super complicated. </p><p>Basically, you want to make sure you:</p><ol><li>Follow the rules.</li><li>Remind customers why they bought your product (highlight the benefits).</li><li>Actually ask them to leave a review and include instructions for doing so.</li><li>Keep the design simple, easy-to-read and brand-congruent.</li></ol><h2 id="Don’t-Break-the-Rules"><a href="#Don’t-Break-the-Rules" class="headerlink" title="Don’t Break the Rules"></a>Don’t Break the Rules</h2><p>Make sure your inserts are compliant with Amazon’s Terms of Services. A couple of reviews aren’t worth getting your seller account suspended. So be a good seller and <a href="https://sellercentral.amazon.com/gp/help/external/200386250" target="_blank" rel="external">don’t break the rules</a>. </p><p>You cannot offer a discount or any kind of incentive for a review. This is strictly against Amazon’s rules as we have mentioned in previous chapters.</p><p>And you have to encourage honest reviews – not strictly positive reviews.</p><figure class="image-bubble"> <div class="img-lightbox"> <div class="overlay"></div> <img src="../resources/images/0069RVTdgy1fuonyljs3nj30n60ii0wu.jpg" alt="" title=""> </div> <div class="image-caption"></div> </figure><h2 id="What-to-Include-in-Product-Inserts-for-Amazon-Reviews"><a href="#What-to-Include-in-Product-Inserts-for-Amazon-Reviews" class="headerlink" title="What to Include in Product Inserts for Amazon Reviews"></a>What to Include in Product Inserts for Amazon Reviews</h2><p>Amazon Product insert cards are a great way to send a message to your customers because every one of your customers is guaranteed to see it. Whether they bother to read it or not will depend on a couple of things, listed below.</p><p>What is your product? If it is something low cost and basic, your customers will be less likely to read your insert card. However, if it has a higher cost, or is more complex, your customers will be more likely to read what you have to tell them.</p><p>Think Apple Iphone insert vs emoji pillow which one will you be more likely to read the insert card off?</p><p>Common mistakes when designing Amazon insert cards:</p><ol><li><p>Have 1 goal per insert card. If you have a list of things to tell your customer, then send it in a follow-up email using <strong><a href="https://secure.sellerlabs.com/aff//idevaffiliate.php?id=705_2" target="_blank" rel="external">feedback genius</a></strong> or similar automated email services.</p></li><li><p>Do NOT try to get the customer to try and buy from you on Amazon. This is a sure-fire way to get your Amazon seller account suspended.</p></li><li><p>Do NOT expect many people to act on what you ask them to do. If you can get a response rate of 5% to a message in your insert card, this is good.</p></li></ol><p>Below, I give you 4 different examples of Amazon Product insert cards and when and how you should use them to grow your Amazon FBA business. Feel free to copy the templates that I have provided for you.</p><h2 id="Amazon-Product-Insert-Cards"><a href="#Amazon-Product-Insert-Cards" class="headerlink" title="Amazon Product Insert Cards"></a>Amazon Product Insert Cards</h2><h3 id="1-Amazon-Product-Insert-Cards-Increase-Reviews"><a href="#1-Amazon-Product-Insert-Cards-Increase-Reviews" class="headerlink" title="1. Amazon Product Insert Cards: Increase Reviews"></a>1. Amazon Product Insert Cards: Increase Reviews</h3><p>With your first batch of inventory, your focus should be to rank your products and get as many reviews as possible. With this in mind, the aim of your insert cards should be to get customers to leave a product review. Below is an example of the type of insert card that you would use when you are launching a new product and seeking customer reviews. Feel free to copy it and use it as a template for your own Amazon product insert card.</p><figure class="image-bubble"> <div class="img-lightbox"> <div class="overlay"></div> <img src="../resources/images/1-Amazon-Product-Insert-Cards.png" alt="Amazon-Product-Insert-Cards" title=""> </div> <div class="image-caption">Amazon-Product-Insert-Cards</div> </figure><h3 id="2-Amazon-Product-Insert-Cards-Increase-Sales-amp-Ranking"><a href="#2-Amazon-Product-Insert-Cards-Increase-Sales-amp-Ranking" class="headerlink" title="2. Amazon Product Insert Cards: Increase Sales & Ranking"></a>2. Amazon Product Insert Cards: Increase Sales & Ranking</h3><p>Once you get over 100 reviews on your product listing, your focus should switch from reviews to sales. Your aim should be to increase the sales of all your products off Amazon so that your ranking improves, which will, in turn, increase your organic sales further. Below is an example of an insert card that you can use to encourage customers to become repeat customers of your brand. Feel free to copy it and use it as a template for your own Amazon product insert card.</p><p>“Thank you for trusting us with your recent order. As a way of showing our appreciation, I would like to give you $5 OFF your next (Insert Brand Name) purchase from Amazon.”</p><figure class="image-bubble"> <div class="img-lightbox"> <div class="overlay"></div> <img src="../resources/images/2-Amazon-Product-Insert-Cards.jpg" alt="example-Amazon-Product-Insert-Cards" title=""> </div> <div class="image-caption">example-Amazon-Product-Insert-Cards</div> </figure><h3 id="3-Amazon-Product-Insert-Cards-Branding"><a href="#3-Amazon-Product-Insert-Cards-Branding" class="headerlink" title="3. Amazon Product Insert Cards: Branding"></a>3. Amazon Product Insert Cards: Branding</h3><p>Once you have a wide selection of products ranking well on Amazon and they all have over 100 reviews, you may decide to start building your brand off Amazon. Sharing pictures of your customers using your products is a great way to start building a community around your brand. The third type of insert card that I use is for the sole purpose of branding. Below is an example of an insert card that you can use to encourage customers to become a major part of your brand. Feel free to copy it and use it as a template for your own Amazon product insert card.</p><p>“Thank you for trusting us with your recent order. At (Insert brand name) we simply love yoga. We would love if you could add your yoga pictures to our gallery www.yogapanda.com/gallery. Or our Instagram page www.instagram.com/yogapanda.”</p><figure class="image-bubble"> <div class="img-lightbox"> <div class="overlay"></div> <img src="../resources/images/3-Amazon-Product-Insert-Cards.png" alt="Amazon-fba-Product-Insert-Cards" title=""> </div> <div class="image-caption">Amazon-fba-Product-Insert-Cards</div> </figure><h3 id="4-Amazon-Product-Insert-Cards-Growing-an-email-list"><a href="#4-Amazon-Product-Insert-Cards-Growing-an-email-list" class="headerlink" title="4. Amazon Product Insert Cards: Growing an email list"></a>4. Amazon Product Insert Cards: Growing an email list</h3><p>If you simply want to build an email list of your customers so that you can email them during your new product launches, then the best way to do this is by inviting them to a landing page, so that you capture their email addresses. Your product should retail for more than $20 for this to work adequately, as it is extremely unlikely that anyone will take out the warranty on products with a low-value. Below is an example of an insert card that you can use to encourage customers to sign up to your email list. Feel free to copy it and use it as a template for your own Amazon product insert card.</p><p>“At Yoga Panda we offer a <strong>FREE</strong> 1-year warranty on all of our products. This means that if your product breaks through no fault of your own we will replace it with a new one for <strong>FREE</strong>. To the avail of the Yoga Panda 1-year warranty, you must sign up for free within 1 week of making your purchase. Please visit www.yogapanda.com/warranty within 1 week of making your purchase and enter your name and email address to get covered.”</p>]]></content>
<summary type="html">
<h2 id="How-to-Use-Amazon-Product-Inserts-for-Reviews"><a href="#How-to-Use-Amazon-Product-Inserts-for-Reviews" class="headerlink" title="Ho
</summary>
<category term="Amazon" scheme="http://blog.inesoi.com/categories/Amazon/"/>
<category term="amazon" scheme="http://blog.inesoi.com/tags/amazon/"/>
<category term="review" scheme="http://blog.inesoi.com/tags/review/"/>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>Buy One Get One 亚马逊 Promotion 实战经验及设定</title>
<link href="http://blog.inesoi.com/amazon-seller-promotion.html"/>
<id>http://blog.inesoi.com/amazon-seller-promotion.html</id>
<published>2018-08-20T16:00:00.000Z</published>
<updated>2018-08-31T16:34:25.210Z</updated>
<content type="html"><![CDATA[<h2 id="Promotion"><a href="#Promotion" class="headerlink" title="Promotion"></a>Promotion</h2><p>时不时地设置些 Promotion,除了能增加购买率之外,也可以提高 Listing 的能见度。以下 BQool 归纳了创建Promotion 的步奏,提供各位卖家作参考。</p><p>[<figure class="image-bubble"> <div class="img-lightbox"> <div class="overlay"></div> <img src="http://blog.bqool.cn/wp-content/uploads/image00-42.png" alt="Amazon advertising 设置](../resources/images/image00-42.png " amazon="" advertising="" 设置")"="" title=""> </div> <div class="image-caption">Amazon advertising 设置](../resources/images/image00-42.png "Amazon advertising 设置")</div> </figure></p><p>登入您的卖家帐号之后,在 <strong>Advertising</strong> 的标签下,点击 <strong>Create</strong>,进到选择Promotion的页面,总共有4种:</p><ul><li>Free shipping (免运费)</li><li>Money off (折扣)</li><li>Buy one get one (买一送一)</li><li>External Benefits (额外赠品)</li></ul><p><strong>Step 1: Conditions 以下有几种情况</strong></p><ol><li><p>Buyers Purchase 买家购买:</p><ul><li><p><strong>At least this quantity of items (至少 X 样商品)</strong>: 表示此促销方案只有在顾客购买X样商品时方可采用,您必须填入数字</p></li><li><p><strong>At least amount (in $) (至少X金额)</strong>: 表示此促销方案只有在顾客购买至少X金额时方可采用</p></li><li><p><strong>For every quantity of items purchased (每 X 样商品)</strong>: 顾客每购买X个商品即可得到此促销方案,这个选项仅适用于Money Off 与 Buy One Get One的促销类别</p></li></ul></li><li><p>Purchased Items 已购买商品:</p><p> Select a product list 挑选商品清单- 您可以创建新的清单 (点击 <strong>Create a new product selection</strong>),或是挑选不在下拉选单中的清单 (点击 <strong>Select another</strong>),若您想要在您库存中选择单个产品,点击 <strong>Entire catalog</strong></p></li><li><p>Buyer gets 买家得到:</p><ul><li>Money Off: 从下拉选单中选择一项</li><li>Percent off</li><li>Amount off (in $)</li><li>Fixed price for all items (in $): 此选项表示顾客每购买X项商品,将可享有固定金额的折扣,这个选项仅在您上面选择 <strong>For every quantity of items purchased (每 X 样商品)</strong> 时适用</li><li>Buy One Get One: 使用默认选项的 <strong>Free items</strong></li><li>External Benefits: 使用默认选项的 <strong>Post-order benefits</strong></li></ul></li><li><p>Applies to 适用于:</p><ul><li><strong>Money Off</strong>: 选择 <strong>Qualifying Item,</strong>点击 <strong>Select an ASIN</strong></li><li><strong>Buy One Get One</strong>: 选择 <strong>Qualifying Item,</strong>点击 <strong>Select an ASIN</strong> 来选择适用的品项。还要设置您附赠商品的数量</li><li><strong>External Benefits</strong>: 使用默认设置的 <strong>Purchased Items</strong></li></ul></li><li><p>Advanced Options 进阶选项:</p><p> <strong>Tiers</strong> (只适用于 Money Off 的促销): 创建重叠的促销方案套用于不同金额的 order,您可以创建最多9个方案。注意如果您选择 <strong>Applies to Qualifying Item</strong>,Tiers 的选项将无法套用。</p></li></ol><p><strong>Exclude Items 排除项目</strong>: 选择您想要排除在促销方案之外的产品,要选择不在下拉选单中的清单,<strong>请选择 Select another</strong>。</p><p><strong>Step 2: Scheduling 時程表</strong></p><p><strong>1. Date Range</strong>: 设定开始与结束的日期时间开始的时间必须要在未来四小时之后<br><strong>2. Identifier</strong>: 创建内部描述与 Tracking ID。Tracking ID 并不会显示给买家,仅供内部用途。</p><p><strong>Step 3: Additional Options 附加选项</strong></p><ol><li>Claim code: 选择 <strong>Claim code</strong> 来限制买家使用以取得优惠。点击 <strong>Claim code</strong> 来展开设定</li><li>Customize messaging 客制化讯息: 创建或客制给客户的讯息,并设置展示的先后顺序。点击 Customize messaging 来展开设定</li><li>设定完以上资讯,预览没有问题之后,点击 <strong>Submit</strong></li></ol><h2 id="一次性优惠码"><a href="#一次性优惠码" class="headerlink" title="一次性优惠码"></a>一次性优惠码</h2><ol><li><p>卖家後台点选 Promotion:[ Advertising ] > [ Promotions ]</p><p> <img src="http://blog.bqool.cn/wp-content/uploads/image13-2.png" alt="亚马逊一次性优惠码 设置亚马逊优惠代码" title="亚马逊一次性优惠码 设置亚马逊优惠代码"></p></li><li><p>点选 [ Percentage off ] → [Create]**</p><p> <img src="http://blog.bqool.cn/wp-content/uploads/QQ%E6%88%AA%E5%9B%BE20180420131825.jpg" alt="" title="设置亚马逊优惠代码"></p></li><li><p>点击 [ Create a new product selection ]**</p><p> <img src="http://blog.bqool.cn/wp-content/uploads/QQ%E6%88%AA%E5%9B%BE20180420132044.jpg" alt="" title="设置亚马逊优惠代码"></p></li><li><p>Create a new product selection</p><ul><li>Product Selection Type: 点选 ASIN List</li><li><p>按下 [ Create Product Selection ]</p><p><img src="http://blog.bqool.cn/wp-content/uploads/QQ%E6%88%AA%E5%9B%BE20180420133946.jpg" alt="" title="设置亚马逊优惠代码"></p></li></ul></li><li><p>Setup product selection details</p><ul><li><p>Product Selection Name / Tracking ID: 输入 Product_Review_Year_Month_Asin# (这是 BQool 建议输入的格式,您也可以自己创造自己的格式!)</p></li><li><p>Internal Description: 输入 Product Review Year Month ASIN#</p></li><li><p>ASIN List: 输入 ASIN</p></li><li><p>Submit: 按下 [Submit]</p><p><img src="http://blog.bqool.cn/wp-content/uploads/image12-3.png" alt="设置亚马逊优惠代码" title="设置亚马逊优惠代码"></p></li></ul></li><li><p>回到 [ Promotions ] > [ Percentage Off ] > [ Create ]</p><p> <img src="http://blog.bqool.cn/wp-content/uploads/QQ%E6%88%AA%E5%9B%BE20180420131825.jpg" alt="" title="设置亚马逊优惠代码"></p></li><li><p>Step 1: Conditions</p><ul><li>Purchased Items: 选择刚建立的 product selection</li><li>Buyer gets: 选择 [ Percentage off ]</li><li><p>输入想要折价百分比</p><p><strong>(举例:如果你想要打 7 折,请输入 30;想要打 2 折,请输入 80,**</strong>千万不要写反,以免下场凄惨。)**</p><p><img src="http://blog.bqool.cn/wp-content/uploads/QQ%E6%88%AA%E5%9B%BE20180420132414.jpg" alt="" title="设置亚马逊优惠代码"></p></li></ul></li><li><p>Step 2: Scheduling</p><ul><li>End Date: 至少输入六个月或一年後的日期 (看您需要的日期)</li><li><p>Internal Description: 输入 Product Review year month ASIN</p><p><img src="http://blog.bqool.cn/wp-content/uploads/image02-17.png" alt="设置亚马逊优惠代码" title="设置亚马逊优惠代码"></p></li></ul></li><li><p>Step 3: Additional Options</p><ul><li>Internal Description: 自行输入</li><li>Claim Code: 请选 Single -Use</li><li>One redemption per customer: 请务必勾选</li><li><p>Detail page display text: 更新之后,默认不会显示</p><p><img src="http://blog.bqool.cn/wp-content/uploads/QQ%E6%88%AA%E5%9B%BE20180420134529.jpg" alt="" title="设置亚马逊优惠代码"></p></li></ul></li><li><p>Review Promotion → [Submit]</p><p><img src="http://blog.bqool.cn/wp-content/uploads/QQ%E6%88%AA%E5%9B%BE20180420134805.jpg" alt="" title="设置亚马逊优惠代码"></p></li><li><p>按下 [Manage Your Promotions]</p><p><img src="http://blog.bqool.cn/wp-content/uploads/image14-1.png" alt="设置亚马逊优惠代码" title="设置亚马逊优惠代码"></p></li><li><p>点击 [ Manage Promotion ] > 选择 [ All ] > 看到刚刚设定的促销</p><p><img src="http://blog.bqool.cn/wp-content/uploads/QQ%E6%88%AA%E5%9B%BE20180420135033.jpg" alt="QQ截图20180420135033"></p></li><li><p>按下 [Manage claim codes]</p><p><img src="http://blog.bqool.cn/wp-content/uploads/QQ%E6%88%AA%E5%9B%BE20180420135208.jpg" alt="QQ截图20180420135208"></p></li><li><p>Manage Claim Codes</p><ul><li>Group Name: 输入名称</li><li>Quantity: 输入数量 Quantity (看您想要给几个人,这边举例 8 位)</li><li>Create: 按下 [Create]</li><li>右下角下载 <strong>[ Download ]</strong> 即可!</li></ul><p><img src="http://blog.bqool.cn/wp-content/uploads/QQ%E6%88%AA%E5%9B%BE20180420135344.jpg" alt="" title="设置亚马逊优惠代码"></p><p><img src="http://blog.bqool.cn/wp-content/uploads/image01-18.png" alt="设置亚马逊优惠代码" title="设置亚马逊优惠代码"></p></li></ol><h2 id="Free-Shipping"><a href="#Free-Shipping" class="headerlink" title="Free Shipping"></a>Free Shipping</h2><p>首先我们先到 亚马逊卖家后台的 promotion 页面。</p><figure class="image-bubble"> <div class="img-lightbox"> <div class="overlay"></div> <img src="http://blog.bqool.cn/wp-content/uploads/image10-5.png" alt="Amazon Promotion Free Shipping](../resources/images/image06-9.png " amazon="" promotion="" free="" shipping")="" [![amazon="" shipping](..="" resources="" images="" image10-5.png="" "amazon="" shipping")"="" title=""> </div> <div class="image-caption">Amazon Promotion Free Shipping](../resources/images/image06-9.png "Amazon Promotion Free Shipping") [![Amazon Promotion Free Shipping](../resources/images/image10-5.png "Amazon Promotion Free Shipping")</div> </figure><p>进入到 promotion 的页面后,我们要看的是红色框框内的四个 promotion 的设置。各别为 Free Shipping, Money Off, Buy One Get One 和 External Benefits,promotion 设置讲解的顺序为从左到右。</p><p>[<figure class="image-bubble"> <div class="img-lightbox"> <div class="overlay"></div> <img src="http://blog.bqool.cn/wp-content/uploads/image11-5.png" alt="Amazon Promotion Free Shipping](../resources/images/image11-5.png " amazon="" promotion="" free="" shipping")"="" title=""> </div> <div class="image-caption">Amazon Promotion Free Shipping](../resources/images/image11-5.png "Amazon Promotion Free Shipping")</div> </figure></p><p>现在先来介绍 Free Shipping ( 免运费 ) 的设置,点击 Create</p><p>[<figure class="image-bubble"> <div class="img-lightbox"> <div class="overlay"></div> <img src="http://blog.bqool.cn/wp-content/uploads/image05-16.png" alt="Amazon Promotion Free Shipping](../resources/images/image05-16.png " amazon="" promotion="" free="" shipping")"="" title=""> </div> <div class="image-caption">Amazon Promotion Free Shipping](../resources/images/image05-16.png "Amazon Promotion Free Shipping")</div> </figure></p><p>进入到 Create a promotion: Free Shipping 页面,最重要的规则设置莫非于设置 Conditions</p><p>BQool 贴心叮咛:卖家在设置 promotion 时,必须要记得第一步骤的第一选项 Buyer purchases ,是主宰着整个 Step 1 promotion 的设定,那么填写的优先顺序是要从上到下,因为上层的设置都会影响到下方的选项。Free Shipping 的 promotion 虽然没这么明显的显示出设定上的优先顺序,但是其他 promotion 的设置像是 money off 等,读者们就会发觉这情况了。</p><p>[<figure class="image-bubble"> <div class="img-lightbox"> <div class="overlay"></div> <img src="http://blog.bqool.cn/wp-content/uploads/image01-35.png" alt="Amazon Promotion Free Shipping](../resources/images/image01-35.png " amazon="" promotion="" free="" shipping")"="" title=""> </div> <div class="image-caption">Amazon Promotion Free Shipping](../resources/images/image01-35.png "Amazon Promotion Free Shipping")</div> </figure></p><p>当选择 Buyer purchases ( 红框内 ) 的选项时, Free Shipping 给你个二选一的选择</p><ul><li>At least amount ( in $ ) – 意思是说买家最少要买多少钱的商品才会有这优惠</li><li>At least this quantity of items – 意思是说买家最少要买多少个商品才会有这优惠</li></ul><p>Buyer purchases 的用意是买家要先符合你设定的具备条件,才可以享有这优惠。<br>选择好规则后,在绿色的框框内依照选择的规则输入最少价钱或是最少商品的数值(数字就好),比如说:最少价钱 50刀,或者是最少商品 3个。</p><p>[<figure class="image-bubble"> <div class="img-lightbox"> <div class="overlay"></div> <img src="http://blog.bqool.cn/wp-content/uploads/image06-10.png" alt="Amazon Promotion Free Shipping](../resources/images/image06-10.png " amazon="" promotion="" free="" shipping")"="" title=""> </div> <div class="image-caption">Amazon Promotion Free Shipping](../resources/images/image06-10.png "Amazon Promotion Free Shipping")</div> </figure></p><p>[<figure class="image-bubble"> <div class="img-lightbox"> <div class="overlay"></div> <img src="http://blog.bqool.cn/wp-content/uploads/image00-47.png" alt="Amazon Promotion Free Shipping](../resources/images/image00-47.png " amazon="" promotion="" free="" shipping")"="" title=""> </div> <div class="image-caption">Amazon Promotion Free Shipping](../resources/images/image00-47.png "Amazon Promotion Free Shipping")</div> </figure></p><p>选择完 Buyer purchase 后,卖家需要填写以下栏位</p><p>A. Purchased items:卖家在这选择哪些产品才享有 promotion</p><p>B. Buyer gets:对买家的优惠,这里是默认 Free Shipping</p><p>C. Applies to:哪些产品可以有这 promotion,这里是默认 purchased items (购买的商品)</p><p>[<figure class="image-bubble"> <div class="img-lightbox"> <div class="overlay"></div> <img src="http://blog.bqool.cn/wp-content/uploads/image08-11.png" alt="Amazon Promotion Free Shipping](../resources/images/image08-11.png " amazon="" promotion="" free="" shipping")"="" title=""> </div> <div class="image-caption">Amazon Promotion Free Shipping](../resources/images/image08-11.png "Amazon Promotion Free Shipping")</div> </figure></p><p>D. Qualifying Shipping options:卖家可以在这打勾勾选择免费寄送的寄送方式有哪些</p><p>[<figure class="image-bubble"> <div class="img-lightbox"> <div class="overlay"></div> <img src="http://blog.bqool.cn/wp-content/uploads/image03-25.png" alt="Amazon Promotion Free Shipping](../resources/images/image03-25.png " amazon="" promotion="" free="" shipping")"="" title=""> </div> <div class="image-caption">Amazon Promotion Free Shipping](../resources/images/image03-25.png "Amazon Promotion Free Shipping")</div> </figure></p><p>E. Advance Options: 每个promotion 的方案都有 Advance Options,点击后就会出现下方 F 的选项,那每个 promotion 的 Advance Options 显示的选项都不大一样。</p><p>F. Advance Options- Exclude Items: 在 Free Shipping,卖家可以在这排除掉不要参加promotion 的商品。</p><p>步骤一结束之后,卖家们就可以到步骤二选择您要 promotion 开始和结束的日期与时间,这部份较简单易懂,所以就不多说了。</p><p>[<figure class="image-bubble"> <div class="img-lightbox"> <div class="overlay"></div> <img src="http://blog.bqool.cn/wp-content/uploads/image04-23.png" alt="Amazon Promotion Free Shipping](../resources/images/image04-23.png " amazon="" promotion="" free="" shipping")"="" title=""> </div> <div class="image-caption">Amazon Promotion Free Shipping](../resources/images/image04-23.png "Amazon Promotion Free Shipping")</div> </figure></p><p>步骤三:Additional Options,这部份是用来设置商品页面上的促销讯息,卖家可以自行更改这里面的内容,如果不想要自己改写促销讯息的话,使用亚马逊的默认设置就行了,如果卖家需要使用 claim code 的功能,也可以在步骤 3 这启用 claim code。</p><figure class="image-bubble"> <div class="img-lightbox"> <div class="overlay"></div> <img src="../resources/images/image09-6.png" alt="Amazon Promotion Free Shipping" title=""> </div> <div class="image-caption">Amazon Promotion Free Shipping</div> </figure><p>三个步骤完成后,卖家可以 review 自己的 pormotion 设定,再 submit 结束 promotion 设置。</p><p>[<figure class="image-bubble"> <div class="img-lightbox"> <div class="overlay"></div> <img src="http://blog.bqool.cn/wp-content/uploads/image02-31.png" alt="Amazon Promotion Free Shipping](../resources/images/image02-31.png " amazon="" promotion="" free="" shipping")"="" title=""> </div> <div class="image-caption">Amazon Promotion Free Shipping](../resources/images/image02-31.png "Amazon Promotion Free Shipping")</div> </figure></p><p>[<figure class="image-bubble"> <div class="img-lightbox"> <div class="overlay"></div> <img src="http://blog.bqool.cn/wp-content/uploads/image07-8.png" alt="Amazon Promotion Free Shipping](../resources/images/image07-8.png " amazon="" promotion="" free="" shipping")"="" title=""> </div> <div class="image-caption">Amazon Promotion Free Shipping](../resources/images/image07-8.png "Amazon Promotion Free Shipping")</div> </figure></p><p>以上是 Free Shipping promotion 的例子,所有的 promotion 步骤二和步骤三设置大致都是一样的 ( 除了External Benefits 会有点不同 ),所以后续三篇的 promotion介绍就不会详细描述这些步骤的设定,而是提供各式各样的 promotion 架设范例让各位参考。敬启期待。</p><h2 id="Buy-One-Get-One"><a href="#Buy-One-Get-One" class="headerlink" title="Buy One Get One"></a>Buy One Get One</h2><p>请先点击 Create 并进入规则架设页面。买家结账 $20 美金以上即可享有指定免费商品一份。</p><p>[<figure class="image-bubble"> <div class="img-lightbox"> <div class="overlay"></div> <img src="http://blog.bqool.cn/wp-content/uploads/image04-24.png" alt="Buy One Get One 亚马逊 Promotion 实战经验及设定](../resources/images/image04-24.png " buy="" one="" get="" 亚马逊="" promotion="" 实战经验及设定")"="" title=""> </div> <div class="image-caption">Buy One Get One 亚马逊 Promotion 实战经验及设定](../resources/images/image04-24.png "Buy One Get One 亚马逊 Promotion 实战经验及设定")</div> </figure></p><p>买一送一 ,或是买多送一 (结账两个商品以上,其中一个变成免费)。</p><p>[<figure class="image-bubble"> <div class="img-lightbox"> <div class="overlay"></div> <img src="http://blog.bqool.cn/wp-content/uploads/image03-26.png" alt="手动制作 Feedback & Review 链接](../resources/images/image03-26.png " 手动制作="" feedback="" &="" review="" 链接")"="" title=""> </div> <div class="image-caption">手动制作 Feedback & Review 链接](../resources/images/image03-26.png "手动制作 Feedback & Review 链接")</div> </figure></p><p>够买两个以上有 promotion 的商品,赠送指定商品一份。</p><p>[<figure class="image-bubble"> <div class="img-lightbox"> <div class="overlay"></div> <img src="http://blog.bqool.cn/wp-content/uploads/image01-36.png" alt="手动制作 Feedback & Review 链接](../resources/images/image01-36.png " 手动制作="" feedback="" &="" review="" 链接")"="" title=""> </div> <div class="image-caption">手动制作 Feedback & Review 链接](../resources/images/image01-36.png "手动制作 Feedback & Review 链接")</div> </figure></p><p>买家购买三个 promotion 的商品,其中两个 promotion 的商品是免费的。</p><p>[<figure class="image-bubble"> <div class="img-lightbox"> <div class="overlay"></div> <img src="http://blog.bqool.cn/wp-content/uploads/image02-32.png" alt="手动制作 Feedback & Review 链接](../resources/images/image02-32.png " 手动制作="" feedback="" &="" review="" 链接")"="" title=""> </div> <div class="image-caption">手动制作 Feedback & Review 链接](../resources/images/image02-32.png "手动制作 Feedback & Review 链接")</div> </figure></p><p>买家购买3个 promotion 的商品,可以享有指定免费商品一份。</p><p>[<figure class="image-bubble"> <div class="img-lightbox"> <div class="overlay"></div> <img src="http://blog.bqool.cn/wp-content/uploads/image00-48.png" alt="手动制作 Feedback & Review 链接](../resources/images/image00-48.png " 手动制作="" feedback="" &="" review="" 链接")"="" title=""> </div> <div class="image-caption">手动制作 Feedback & Review 链接](../resources/images/image00-48.png "手动制作 Feedback & Review 链接")</div> </figure></p><p>除了建立 Promotion 之外,技巧性的关闭 Promotion 也是十分重要的!</p>]]></content>
<summary type="html">
<h2 id="Promotion"><a href="#Promotion" class="headerlink" title="Promotion"></a>Promotion</h2><p>时不时地设置些 Promotion,除了能增加购买率之外,也可以提高 Listing
</summary>
<category term="Amazon" scheme="http://blog.inesoi.com/categories/Amazon/"/>
<category term="amazon" scheme="http://blog.inesoi.com/tags/amazon/"/>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>Tips & Tricks for Shipping Smarter while Saving Time and Money</title>
<link href="http://blog.inesoi.com/shpping-from-china.html"/>
<id>http://blog.inesoi.com/shpping-from-china.html</id>
<published>2018-08-19T16:00:00.000Z</published>
<updated>2018-08-31T16:34:25.268Z</updated>
<content type="html"><![CDATA[<p>We are so excited to have you on board.</p><p>You are on the best way to ship from China.</p><p>The Internet makes it easier for more accurate research and understanding various options available to you and your business. The more you know, the better position you’re in to make the best possible decision.</p><p>If you are reading this, we’re going to make the assumption that you are an intelligent importer. You like to plan, prepare and think ahead. You know preparation is the mother of opportunity and prevention is better than cure.</p><p>You are looking for a close business partner.</p><p>As an international forwarding agent, CFC is serving both exporters in China and importers around the world. We’ve been working together with most of our customers for years.</p><p>We know their business. We know what they want. We give them special attention when they ask for help and anticipate issues before truly happen, though we have had a couple of problems over the years. Maybe we can’t always do everything they need, but we know how to find others to help.</p><p>We’ve seen more and more importers are seeking logistics solutions from local shipping companies like us, instead of from their supplier or freight forwarder in their countries.</p><p><em>They are benefiting from their choices.</em></p><blockquote><p>We’d love to provide international logistics & transportation services to help more importers save time & money, so they can focus on more important work to do. Or just leverage more time to spend with their family.</p></blockquote><p>That’s why we created this blog covering current industry trends, hot topics and best practices, perspectives and commentary. Whether you’re just getting familiar with supply chain issues or you’re a seasoned expert, this is your place.</p><p>In this blog we’ll share <strong>our knowledge and practical experiences</strong> about the international shipping industry, especially for China imports. Hope do some help to those who’re interested in international logistics and transportation.</p><p>We will be adding and updating information often. Be sure to come back to get the latest tips & tricks on China shipping. Below shows you some of our popular subjects.</p><h3 id="Basic-Guide"><a href="#Basic-Guide" class="headerlink" title="Basic Guide"></a>Basic Guide</h3><ul><li><a href="https://cargofromchina.com/isf/" title="ISF 10+2 Filing" target="_blank" rel="external">ISF</a> (US)</li><li><a href="https://cargofromchina.com/hs-code/" title="Understanding HS Code in International Trade" target="_blank" rel="external">HS Code</a></li><li><a href="https://cargofromchina.com/shipping-glossary/" title="Shipping Glossary" target="_blank" rel="external">Glossary</a></li><li><a href="https://cargofromchina.com/incoterms/" title="Importing from China: Incoterms Guide" target="_blank" rel="external">Incoterms</a></li><li><a href="https://cargofromchina.com/sea-air-rail/" title="Cargo Types by Sea, Air, and Rail" target="_blank" rel="external">Cargo Types</a></li><li><a href="https://cargofromchina.com/bill-of-lading/" title="Bill of Lading: Definition, Template, Q&A" target="_blank" rel="external">Bill of Lading</a></li><li><a href="https://cargofromchina.com/eori-number/" title="EORI Number Q&A" target="_blank" rel="external">EORI number</a> (EU)</li><li><a href="https://cargofromchina.com/insurance/" title="Cargo Insurance" target="_blank" rel="external">Marine Insurance</a></li><li><a href="https://cargofromchina.com/packaging/" title="Packaging Guide for China Freight" target="_blank" rel="external">Cargo Packaging</a></li><li><a href="https://cargofromchina.com/certificate-of-origin/" title="Certificate of Origin from China (Samples)" target="_blank" rel="external">Certificate of Origin</a></li><li><a href="https://cargofromchina.com/shipping-documents/" title="Shipping Documents" target="_blank" rel="external">Shipping Documents</a></li><li><a href="https://cargofromchina.com/freight-forwarder/" title="What is a Freight Forwarder and What does It Mean to You?" target="_blank" rel="external">Freight Forwarder Job Description</a></li></ul><h3 id="Premium-Guide"><a href="#Premium-Guide" class="headerlink" title="Premium Guide"></a>Premium Guide</h3><ul><li><a href="https://cargofromchina.com/transit-time/" title="One-Stop Transit Time Finder for China Freight" target="_blank" rel="external">Transit Time</a></li><li><a href="https://cargofromchina.com/shipping-delays/" title="Why Your Shipping Delays?" target="_blank" rel="external">Cargo Delays</a></li><li><a href="https://cargofromchina.com/shipping-routes/" title="Shipping Routes from China" target="_blank" rel="external">Ocean Routes</a></li><li><a href="https://cargofromchina.com/shipping-rates/" title="How Shipping Rates are Calculated and Why Change so often?" target="_blank" rel="external">Shipping Rates</a></li><li><a href="https://cargofromchina.com/why-fob/" title="How to Choose Shipping Terms, FOB or CIF?" target="_blank" rel="external">Buy FOB Sell CIF</a></li><li><a href="https://cargofromchina.com/holiday-shipping/" title="Chinese New Year Shipping Q&A" target="_blank" rel="external">Holiday Shipping</a></li><li><a href="https://cargofromchina.com/fcl-lcl/" title="Ocean Freight Shipping: FCL or LCL?" target="_blank" rel="external">Buy FCL NOT LCL</a></li><li><a href="https://cargofromchina.com/shipping-from-china/" title="Shipping from China: The Complete Guide" target="_blank" rel="external">Shipping from China</a></li><li><a href="https://cargofromchina.com/import/" title="Basic Guide to Importing from China" target="_blank" rel="external">Importing from China</a></li><li><a href="https://cargofromchina.com/save-freight-cost/" title="How to Save Freight Cost when Shipping from China?" target="_blank" rel="external">How to Save Freight Cost?</a></li><li><a href="https://cargofromchina.com/plastic-pallets-vs-wooden-pallets/" title="How to choose pallets in shipping: Plastic vs. Wooden?" target="_blank" rel="external">Plastic Pallet vs. Wooden Pallet</a></li><li><a href="https://cargofromchina.com/landed-cost/" title="How to Calculate Landed Cost When Importing from China?" target="_blank" rel="external">How to Calculate Total Landed Cost?</a></li><li><a href="https://cargofromchina.com/chargeable-weight-calculator/" title="Chargeable Weight Calculator for Air Freight and LCL Sea Freight" target="_blank" rel="external">How to Calculate Dimensional Weight?</a></li><li><a href="https://cargofromchina.com/local-freight-forwarder/" title="Why You Should Find a Local Freight Forwarder in China?" target="_blank" rel="external">Why You Should Find a Local Freight Forwarder?</a></li><li><a href="https://cargofromchina.com/free-shipping/" title="Why Worldwide Free Shipping Make Sense For China Seller?" target="_blank" rel="external">Why Worldwide Free Shipping Make Sense For China Seller?</a></li><li><a href="https://cargofromchina.com/freight-quote/" title="What information you need to provide for an accurate freight quote?" target="_blank" rel="external">What information you need to provide for an accurate freight quote?</a></li></ul><h3 id="Shipping-by-Region-example"><a href="#Shipping-by-Region-example" class="headerlink" title="Shipping by Region (example)"></a>Shipping by Region (example)</h3><ul><li><a href="https://cargofromchina.com/china-usa/" title="Shipping from China to USA: Q&A" target="_blank" rel="external">USA</a></li><li><a href="https://cargofromchina.com/china-india/" title="Shipping from China to India" target="_blank" rel="external">India</a></li><li><a href="https://cargofromchina.com/china-africa/" title="Shipping from China to Africa" target="_blank" rel="external">Africa</a></li><li><a href="https://cargofromchina.com/china-europe/" title="Shipping from China to Europe" target="_blank" rel="external">Europe</a></li><li><a href="https://cargofromchina.com/china-canada/" title="Shipping from China to Canada" target="_blank" rel="external">Canada</a></li><li><a href="https://cargofromchina.com/china-pacific/" title="Shipping from China to Australia" target="_blank" rel="external">Australia</a></li></ul><h3 id="Resources"><a href="#Resources" class="headerlink" title="Resources"></a>Resources</h3><ul><li><a href="https://cargofromchina.com/books/" title="Recommended Books about China, Chinese, Culture, and Business" target="_blank" rel="external">Recommended Books</a></li><li><a href="https://cargofromchina.com/central-asia-rail-station-code/" title="Central Asia Rail Station Code" target="_blank" rel="external">Central Asia Rail Station Code</a></li></ul><p>We supply cargo and freight transportation solutions for all shipping needs from China, with competitive charges. As a customer-driven company, we will:</p><p><em>1. Keep You Informed</em><br>One way to help our customers feel confident is to keep them well informed each step of the shipping process. You’ll be the first to know what’s the status of your goods and what we are discussing with your supplier.</p><p><em>2. Offer Options and Suggest the Best</em><br>Having the ability to choose a preferred shipping option gives our customers an added sense of control. Not only regular carrier and route, but also a better suggestion at the right time.</p><p><em>3. ETA Notifications Accurately</em><br>Keeping the timing of arrival notifications as accurate as possible is an essential part of instilling confidence in our customers. ETA may delay due to objective reasons, but we’ll keep you noted so you can get ready for that.</p><p><em>4. Make It Personal</em><br>You are working together with a professional team, while you are communicating with a kind person. This helps our customers feel more confident that their cargo is in good hands.</p><p>You can use three online methods to get in touch with us, or request a no-cost, hassle-free rate quote. Pick the one you prefer.</p><ul><li><a href="https://cargofromchina.com/quote/" target="_blank" rel="external">Quote form</a> (preferred)</li><li>direct email</li><li>Right corner of every page</li></ul><p>CFC can provide competitive quotes such as:</p><ul><li><em>Documents or parcels</em> by courier delivery</li><li><em>Small samples</em> by courier delivery</li><li><em>Medium and big samples</em> by air freight or LCL sea freight</li><li><em>Small shipments</em> by LCL sea freight</li><li><em>Container shipments</em> by FCL sea freight</li><li><em>Urgent or valuable shipments</em> by air freight</li><li><em>FCL or LCL shipments</em> by rail freight</li><li>Or any questions, comments</li></ul><p>It’s important to secure reliable and timely service providers to insure excellent customer satisfaction. With the right information and partner, you can safely and profitably import from China. By working with us, you can save time and money plus placing more control directly in your hands.</p><blockquote><p>Our lives have been enriched by the endless opportunities that you have allowed us to experience. Thank you for all the feedback, support, praise, criticism, questions, suggestions and comments – you’ve been inspiring us and keeping us going!</p></blockquote><p>We are ready to take the chance to make your life easier.</p><p>We are always happy to hear from you and help in any way possible!</p><p>China is for you!</p>]]></content>
<summary type="html">
<p>We are so excited to have you on board.</p>
<p>You are on the best way to ship from China.</p>
<p>The Internet makes it easier for more a
</summary>
<category term="Trade" scheme="http://blog.inesoi.com/categories/Trade/"/>
<category term="trade" scheme="http://blog.inesoi.com/tags/trade/"/>
<category term="shipping" scheme="http://blog.inesoi.com/tags/shipping/"/>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>How to Import Small Quantity from China - Guide for Business Starter</title>
<link href="http://blog.inesoi.com/import-from-china.html"/>
<id>http://blog.inesoi.com/import-from-china.html</id>
<published>2018-08-18T16:00:00.000Z</published>
<updated>2018-08-29T15:43:10.722Z</updated>
<content type="html"><![CDATA[<h1 id="How-to-Import-Small-Quantity-from-China-Guide-for-Business-Starter"><a href="#How-to-Import-Small-Quantity-from-China-Guide-for-Business-Starter" class="headerlink" title="How to Import Small Quantity from China: Guide for Business Starter"></a>How to Import Small Quantity from China: Guide for Business Starter</h1><p>We got many inquiries from people who <strong>want to start a small business</strong> by importing small quantity products from China, since our website <a href="https://www.inesoi.com" target="_blank" rel="external">https://www.inesoi.com</a> started. Most of them do not have much relevant experience, and just consider it’s very simple: find a Chinese supplier, buy products in low price, ship home and sell high price in local market.</p><p>But the truth is importing small quantity directly from China is <strong>never that easy</strong>. You will face many different problems, such as shipping fee higher than product’s value, or your order is much less than supplier’s MOQ. In some circumstance, you may have to give up your wonderful plan of starting the new business.</p><p>In this article, we will give a complete introduction of how to import <strong>small quantity products</strong> from China and explain some problems you may have.</p><h2 id="1-What-Is-Small-Business-And-What-Is-Small-Quantity-Buyers"><a href="#1-What-Is-Small-Business-And-What-Is-Small-Quantity-Buyers" class="headerlink" title="1.What Is Small Business? And What Is Small Quantity Buyers?"></a>1.What Is Small Business? And What Is Small Quantity Buyers?</h2><p>Different companies and people have different definitions about small business. Most sourcing agents or consulting companies define small business as those who import less than USD 500,000 annually. But for many business starters, this amount is way too high, and maybe they still can’t reach after 5 years. That’s why it’s not easy for small starter business to find a suitable sourcing or consulting company who can offer them relevant service.</p><p>I’d like to define customers who purchase USD 5,000-50,000 (including different kinds of products) in one order as <strong>Small Business</strong>. With this amount, the shipment volume usually is from 5CBM to a 40HQ container. This amount usually can reach factory’s MOQ, and can buy from them directly.</p><p><strong>4 to 5 CBM</strong> normally will be the most suitable minimum volume for LCL (Less than Container Load) shipping. If less than this, the whole export & import process is complicated and costs lot of money, which means the average cost for each product will be high.</p><p><strong>Small Quantity Buyers</strong> refer to those who buy less than $2,000 per order, and who just start new business (I mentioned in the beginning) are also a part of them. <strong>This article will more focus on helping this group of people.</strong></p><h2 id="2-What-Kind-of-Products-Are-Suitable-for-Small-Quantity-Buyer"><a href="#2-What-Kind-of-Products-Are-Suitable-for-Small-Quantity-Buyer" class="headerlink" title="2.What Kind of Products Are Suitable for Small Quantity Buyer?"></a>2.What Kind of Products Are Suitable for Small Quantity Buyer?</h2><p>For small business importer, those who buy more than USD 5,000 per order, they must know what to import and how to sell. But small business starter probably even have no idea what kind products to start with first.</p><h3 id="a-High-Value-or-Small-Size-Products"><a href="#a-High-Value-or-Small-Size-Products" class="headerlink" title="a. High-Value or Small Size Products"></a>a. High-Value or Small Size Products</h3><p>Shipping is always a big problem for small quantity importers. Because their shipping volume is always too less for LCL, usually less than 2 CBM, and have to choose air freight or express, which cost 8-10 times higher than LCL sea freight.</p><p>Products with large size or large package, like mug and teddy bear, is not suitable for small quantity importers, because both express and air freight fee is charged by dimension weight (length<em>height</em>width).</p><figure class="image-bubble"> <div class="img-lightbox"> <div class="overlay"></div> <img src="../resources/images/accessories-bracelets-cute-fashion-Favim.com-710653.jpg" alt="fashion accessories" title=""> </div> <div class="image-caption">fashion accessories</div> </figure><p>Fashion accessories are good choice for small quantity buyer</p><p>This means your shipping cost is even higher than products’ value, but your competitors import by LCL sea freight which costs 80% less than you. Then you have no chance to compete with them in local market.</p><p>So for small quantity importers, high-value, small-sized products are better choice. Shipping cost won’t be high, sometimes only 10% of product’s value. Such as fashion accessories, small <a href="https://www.inesoi.com/product-category/travel-accessories/passport-holders/" target="_blank" rel="external">passport holders</a>, watches, etc. Most importers of them won’t choose sea shipping because of the timeliness, so no need to worry about your shipping cost is higher than competitors.</p><h3 id="b-Choose-Interesting-Products-Instead-of-Normal-Items"><a href="#b-Choose-Interesting-Products-Instead-of-Normal-Items" class="headerlink" title="b. Choose Interesting Products, Instead of Normal Items"></a>b. Choose Interesting Products, Instead of Normal Items</h3><p>Small quantity buyers can try to find some <strong>special and interesting products</strong>, and avoid those common products which can be bought everywhere.</p><p>Some people think that daily used products, such as socks, are very easy to be sold as everyone needs them, but it’s not true. Because there must be numerous people importing and selling these items with low profit, and it will be hard to compete with them. But you can think about importing some special socks, such as “non-slip children socks”, or socks with good designs.</p><p>Common products in daily life are not suitable for small business, either. For instance, we received many inquiries of from different countries (European and Middle East countries), and they want to import 20GP container of A4 printing papers.</p><figure class="image-bubble"> <div class="img-lightbox"> <div class="overlay"></div> <img src="../resources/images/toilet-paper-1024x768.jpg" alt="toilet paper" title=""> </div> <div class="image-caption">toilet paper</div> </figure><p>Interesting toilet paper with pictures printed</p><p>But they only found that the total cost to import from China has no big difference from the price in their countries. Because this kind of product has no much added value, and the cost is mostly depending on raw material. So the price is very transparent, even with large demanded quantity.</p><p>Toilet paper is also a very common product, but our Czech customer select those with <strong>interesting designs printed</strong>: such as US dollar, Euro, Heller, and even Kama Sutra. These special toilet paper can be easily sold in several times higher price than the common one.</p><h2 id="3-How-to-Find-Chinese-Suppliers-for-Small-Quantity-Buyers"><a href="#3-How-to-Find-Chinese-Suppliers-for-Small-Quantity-Buyers" class="headerlink" title="3.How to Find Chinese Suppliers for Small Quantity Buyers?"></a>3.How to Find Chinese Suppliers for Small Quantity Buyers?</h2><p>Most small quantity buyers find Chinese suppliers <strong>on Internet</strong>. Even customers who buy larger quantity (around USD 30,000-50,000 for each order), they seldom actually come to China for finding suppliers, except attending some fairs.</p><p>First is the high cost, including air ticket, hotel fee, and traffic allowance, and it will cost totally around USD 4,000 for a week visiting China. Second is finding a good Chinese supplier is a tough task, except you go directly to some places like fairs or <a href="https://blog.inesoi.com/yiwu-wholesale-market-complete-guide.html">Yiwu wholesale market</a>. Or you already contacted suppliers before coming to China.</p><h3 id="a-Alibaba"><a href="#a-Alibaba" class="headerlink" title="a. Alibaba"></a>a. Alibaba</h3><p>No matter for large buyers or small quantity buyers, searching Chinese suppliers on Alibaba is the best choice. But If you are buying too small quantity (less than USD 400 for each item), Alibaba suppliers probably can’t sell you because usually they have higher MOQ.</p><p>Maybe you can pay for products in higher price, and sometimes suppliers will sell you. If not, you have to turn to DHgate or Aliexpress. Don’t spend much time on persuading them that you <strong>will buy big quantity</strong> in future, and this is for trial. Because Chinese suppliers are hearing this from clients every day, and it doesn’t work at all.</p><p>If you want to learn how to find good suppliers on Alibaba, please check another article: <a href="https://blog.inesoi.com/how-to-source-good-suppliers-on-alibaba-completely-guide.html"><strong>Tips for Sourcing Good Suppliers on Alibaba. You Never Knew Before.</strong></a></p><h3 id="b-Dhgate-and-Aliexpress"><a href="#b-Dhgate-and-Aliexpress" class="headerlink" title="b. Dhgate and Aliexpress"></a>b. Dhgate and Aliexpress</h3><p>If the Alibaba supplier’s MOQ is still hard for you to reach, maybe you can only go to DHgate and Aliexpress. Usually DHgate tends to <strong>small quantity wholesalers</strong> whose buying quantity is between Alibaba and Aliexpress. Aliexpress more tends to <strong>retailers</strong>, though it claims itself for online wholesale, and this truth is known by most Chinese suppliers.</p><h2 id="4-How-to-Ship-Cargo-from-China-When-Buying-Small-Quantity"><a href="#4-How-to-Ship-Cargo-from-China-When-Buying-Small-Quantity" class="headerlink" title="4.How to Ship Cargo from China When Buying Small Quantity?"></a>4.How to Ship Cargo from China When Buying Small Quantity?</h2><p>I have to say that shipping way is really a big problem for small quantity buyers as mentioned in the beginning. Sometimes small quantity have to give up importing from China because express is the only way to ship, and it’s too expensive.</p><h3 id="a-International-Express-and-Air-Freight"><a href="#a-International-Express-and-Air-Freight" class="headerlink" title="a. International Express and Air Freight"></a>a. International Express and Air Freight</h3><p>International express is suitable for cargoes under 300kg, while air freight is suitable for over 300kg. But air freight needs the same import & export processes as sea freight. You also need to pick up your cargo at the airport.</p><p>Hazardous articles such as liquid, power and products with battery cannot be shipped by air in cargo. Balancing scooter is also one among them. (You can check another article-<strong><a href="https://blog.inesoi.com/importing-balancing-scooter-china-problems-know.html">Importing Balancing Scooter from China: Problems You Should Know</a></strong>)</p><h3 id="b-LCL-Companies-That-Offer-All-in-Price-Shipping-Service"><a href="#b-LCL-Companies-That-Offer-All-in-Price-Shipping-Service" class="headerlink" title="b. LCL Companies That Offer All-in Price Shipping Service"></a>b. LCL Companies That Offer All-in Price Shipping Service</h3><p>This kind of LCL companies are the best choice for small quantity buyers. They usually are specialized in <strong>certain ports or areas</strong>, and offer all-in price shipping service. They will handle all custom and shipping process, and you just need to pick up your cargo in their warehouse, or sometimes they can deliver to door. Their price is very low even you ship 0.5CBM, because the container is shared by 10 to 40 clients.</p><p>(You can learn more by check another article: <a href="https://blog.inesoi.com/how-to-ship-products-when-import-from-china.html"><strong>How to Ship Products When Import from China: Complete Guide</strong></a></p><p>But these kind of companies are <strong>hard to find</strong>, not existing in every area or cities. You’d better ask some experienced importers in your country, and maybe they know.</p><p>I know some of this kind shipping companies, and I’d like to share them. You can leave your email and country in the comment, and I will send you contact information via Email. </p><p>There are companies offering $80/CBM to Malaysia & Singapore, delivering to door; $280/CBM to Kenya but you have to pick up cargos at their warehouse in Nairobi; $280/CBM to Sydney/Melbourne warehouse, etc. The rate is just for reference.</p><h3 id="c-Consolidate-Cargoes-from-Different-Suppliers-And-Ship-Together"><a href="#c-Consolidate-Cargoes-from-Different-Suppliers-And-Ship-Together" class="headerlink" title="c.Consolidate Cargoes from Different Suppliers And Ship Together"></a>c.Consolidate Cargoes from Different Suppliers And Ship Together</h3><p>If you are buying from <strong>different suppliers</strong>, then you can think about consolidate them in one shipment, and you will save shipping cost. Because even use international express, heavy cargo is charged in lower price/kg than light one.</p><p>It makes more sense for sea freight. If you import 5 different products from 5 suppliers, each product 0.5CBM, then you can consider to consolidate them together by LCL sea shipping. By doing this, your shipping cost will be 80% less than express. Or you have to pay for 5 international express separately, because there’s no cheaper solution.</p><p>So you need a person to consolidate your cargoes in China. One solution is to find a reliable forwarder who has <strong>its own warehouse</strong>, then you can use it for consolidation (usually free of charge). However, most of forwarders don’t have warehouse, and they just pick up your cargo from the supplier, then send to LCL shipping company to load in container. (This may due to the particularity of Chinese shipping agency industry, which we will introduce in future article)</p><p>Another Solution is you can choose <strong>one reliable supplier</strong>, and let other suppliers send all the cargoes to him, then the forwarder can pick up cargoes together in one place.</p><p>We strongly recommend you to try to consolidate cargoes, so that you can gain more import experience. Then congratulations, you moved the first step of expanding your business, and you can try to purchase larger quantity next time.</p><figure class="image-bubble"> <div class="img-lightbox"> <div class="overlay"></div> <img src="../resources/images/consolidate-cargoes.png" alt="Consolidate cargos from different suppliers and ship together" title=""> </div> <div class="image-caption">Consolidate cargos from different suppliers and ship together</div> </figure><p>Forwarder are picking up consolidated cargoes in customer’s warehouse</p><h2 id="5-How-to-Avoid-Scam-When-Buying-Small-Quantity-as-a-Business-Beginner"><a href="#5-How-to-Avoid-Scam-When-Buying-Small-Quantity-as-a-Business-Beginner" class="headerlink" title="5.How to Avoid Scam When Buying Small Quantity as a Business Beginner?"></a>5.How to Avoid Scam When Buying Small Quantity as a Business Beginner?</h2><p>Many starter business are afraid of being scammed when buying products on Internet from China, but the truth is <strong>seldom people</strong> were under this case.</p><p>No matter you are buying from Alibaba, Aliexpress, or DHgate, none of suppliers can take your money without sending the products. Because on this kind of online platforms, all suppliers are required to offer their Chinese ID cards, or company registration information in the beginning. Then they have to <strong>pay certain amount fee</strong> every year to become suppliers on these platforms. Such as for being <strong>Gold Supplier</strong> in Alibaba, you have to pay CNY 29,800 (around USD 4,730) annually for member fee; pay for USD 4,700 deposit to become suppliers in Aliexpress.<figure class="image-bubble"> <div class="img-lightbox"> <div class="overlay"></div> <img src="../resources/images/Gold-Supplier-on-Alibaba.jpg" alt="Gold Supplier on Alibaba" title=""> </div> <div class="image-caption">Gold Supplier on Alibaba</div> </figure></p><p><em>One interesting thing is: many people believe that Gold Suppliers are qualified suppliers verified by Alibaba, that’s also what Alibaba tells. But it’s not true. All suppliers on Alibaba are Gold Suppliers, because they already paid for it. So you can just ignore the Gold Supplier thing when searching suppliers on Alibaba.</em></p><p>So the worst situation is the products sent by supplier are in worse quality than you expect, or less products you received.</p><p>What you should do when finding suppliers online is being careful, and <strong>do not only</strong> focus on lowest price, because you already can get good profit in retail. Or you will take risk of receiving cheap quality or problem products. Even you want to return the products at that time, you will find shipping cost is high, and most Chinese sellers <strong>don’t accept</strong> return and refund.</p>]]></content>
<summary type="html">
<h1 id="How-to-Import-Small-Quantity-from-China-Guide-for-Business-Starter"><a href="#How-to-Import-Small-Quantity-from-China-Guide-for-Busi
</summary>
<category term="Trade" scheme="http://blog.inesoi.com/categories/Trade/"/>
<category term="trade" scheme="http://blog.inesoi.com/tags/trade/"/>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>A Comprehensive Guide for Buying the Best Leather</title>
<link href="http://blog.inesoi.com/a-comprehensive-guide-for-buying-the-best-leather.html"/>
<id>http://blog.inesoi.com/a-comprehensive-guide-for-buying-the-best-leather.html</id>
<published>2018-08-06T16:00:00.000Z</published>
<updated>2018-08-27T14:47:54.818Z</updated>
<content type="html"><![CDATA[<p>Whether it’s furniture or personal accessories, buying genuine leather items requires thoughtful consideration. As you are going to invest considerable funds into buying these products, you must know the answers to two key questions:</p><ul><li>“How do you identify the best leather?”</li><li>“Where do you buy it?”</li></ul><p>While making the final decision is ultimately up to you, the details provided in this leather guide will surely help to push you in the right direction. But, before we dig deeper into various types, qualities, and features, let’s first take a glimpse at the history of the leather industry and how it has developed over time. </p><h2 id="Leather-Industry"><a href="#Leather-Industry" class="headerlink" title="Leather Industry"></a>Leather Industry</h2><p>Leather tanning has been around for centuries. It’s one of the oldest industries in human civilization. Indians, Egyptians, Greeks, Chinese, and Mesopotamians had developed several different tanning processes centuries before industrialization. Leather was used to make intricate clothing articles such as footwear, gloves, and armor. It was also used to make buckets, bottles, and even weapons. The Industrial Revolution brought all kinds of new technological advances that made the leather-making process highly efficient, environment-friendly, and hygienic.</p><p>The leather industry in the United States dates back to the colonial times. It grew with the population throughout the 18th century. By 1750, there were more than 1000 tanneries in the country. The number swelled to more than 8000 by 1840! At the time, the primary leather activity was shoemaking. In 1850, over 11,000 shoemaking establishments were operating in the U.S.</p><h3 id="U-S-Leather-Industry"><a href="#U-S-Leather-Industry" class="headerlink" title="U.S. Leather Industry"></a>U.S. Leather Industry</h3><p>U.S. hides and skins companies, which include producers, processors, brokers, and dealers, export more than <a href="http://www.ushsla.org/" target="_blank" rel="external">90%</a> of the total leather inventory. The U.S is one of the top raw material suppliers to the global leather manufacturing industry. The value of industry exports is worth nearly $3 billion dollars annually.</p><p>In 2016, the hide, skin, and leather industry exported more than<a href="http://www.rendermagazine.com/articles/2017-issues/april-2017/us-hide-skin-and-leather/" target="_blank" rel="external"> $2 billion in cattle hides</a>, pigskins, and semi-processed leather products.</p><h3 id="Global-Leather-Goods-Market"><a href="#Global-Leather-Goods-Market" class="headerlink" title="Global Leather Goods Market"></a>Global Leather Goods Market</h3><ul><li>According to the<a href="http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20171003006031/en/Global-Leather-Goods-Market---Drivers-Forecasts" target="_blank" rel="external"> Global Leather Goods Market 2017-2021 Report</a>, conducted by Technavio analysts, the global leather market is expected to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of almost 5% from 2017-2021.</li><li>In 2017, the total market value was $217.49 billion. It is expected to reach $271.21 billion by 2021.</li><li>This segment is expected to represent an incremental growth of more than $53.72 billion during the forecast period.</li><li>The sub-segment of global footwear market was worth $126.99 billion in 2016.</li><li>In 2016, the Americas registered the highest leather revenue of $83.67 million.</li></ul><figure class="image-bubble"> <div class="img-lightbox"> <div class="overlay"></div> <img src="../resources/images/leather-Global-4.jpg" alt="" title=""> </div> <div class="image-caption"></div> </figure><h2 id="Types-of-Leather"><a href="#Types-of-Leather" class="headerlink" title="Types of Leather"></a>Types of Leather</h2><p>The quality of leather varies greatly. You have most likely seen different labels on leather items, such as top grain or genuine. These are simply different types of leathers based on their quality. If you want to get the best bang for your buck, you not only need to know where to buy leather, you also need to know how to distinguish between different types. You will need to understand why some materials last longer than others and why a particular leather bag costs thousands, while others cost a fraction of that price.</p><p>So, what is the best leather? The best quality leather will depend on these important factors, most notably:</p><ul><li>Type of animal and breed</li><li>Physical location and climate where the animal lived</li><li>Portion of the hide the leather was cut from (see diagram below)</li><li>Layer of the hide that is used (top grain, full grain, split)</li><li>Quality and skill of the processing and tanning</li></ul><figure class="image-bubble"> <div class="img-lightbox"> <div class="overlay"></div> <img src="../resources/images/Hide-Cutting.jpg" alt="leather quality from different portions of the hide" title=""> </div> <div class="image-caption">leather quality from different portions of the hide</div> </figure><p>Different breeds of cows will produce different quality hides due to their genetics and environment. Hot climates tend to have insects that bite the animal and leave scars whereas cold climates don’t suffer from pests as much. Certain breeds might have more protective hair or thicker skins due to the weather.</p><p>Different portions of the hide also yield different quality leather. For instance, the lower portion, as shown in the diagram above, tends to have looser fibers that make up the hide. The looser fibers sponge and swell when wet. Lower portions of the hide also tend to get marked much easier from insects and scrapes like barbed wire fencing. There are also more wrinkles in the hide around the legs, neck and head. These scars and wrinkles become permanent and are almost impossible to remove in the processing of the leather.</p><p>Different layers within the hide also have an enormous impact on quality. Full grain leather and top-grain are the best. See our in depth focus on the grain vs split just a few paragraphs further down to know which portion you are buying.</p><p>Finally, knowing exactly how to take a raw hide and process it through tanning and finishing is a sought after skill and will influence the quality of the final product significantly. Italian leather is admired for this very reason – as Italian leather artisans are considered amongst the most skilled in the world.</p><p>In general, there are four types of leather. These include Full Grain Leather, Top Grain Leather, Corrected Grain Leather, and Bonded Leather. Take a look at the picture below. See how the fibers run both horizontally and vertically in different parts of the hide.</p><p>Buying leather with more horizontal fibers wears out quickly because they can readily pull apart. Vertically running fibers, however, are the strongest. In other words, the higher the number of vertical fibers, the better.</p><h3 id="A-Full-Grain-Leather"><a href="#A-Full-Grain-Leather" class="headerlink" title="A. Full Grain Leather"></a>A. Full Grain Leather</h3><p>Full grain leather comes from the top layer of the hide. It includes all the grain with it – hence the name full grain leather. This type of leather retains the inherent toughness, as well as the imperfections because there are no surface alterations or splitting.</p><p>It is the highest quality leather and the only one suitable for saddleback. Thus, it is also the most expensive. Working with this leather material is challenging. It absorbs body oils and develops a patina over time – a characteristic that attributes to its popularity.</p><h3 id="B-Top-Grain-Leather"><a href="#B-Top-Grain-Leather" class="headerlink" title="B. Top Grain Leather"></a>B. Top Grain Leather</h3><p>Top grain is the second highest grade of leather. Usually, to obtain top grain leather, the top layer of skin from blemished hides is split. The surface is sanded to get rid of inherent imperfections. Pigmentation or staining gives the leather an attractive look.</p><p>This also makes top grain leather smoother and more flexible than the full grain. Although this type of leather is strong and durable, it tends to stretch permanently over time. It is used to produce suede and nubuck. Most high-end products, such as handbags and jackets, are comprised of top grain leather.</p><figure class="image-bubble"> <div class="img-lightbox"> <div class="overlay"></div> <img src="../resources/images/Leather-Grain-3.jpg" alt="the leather grain separation between corium, flesh and the grain of the hide" title=""> </div> <div class="image-caption">the leather grain separation between corium, flesh and the grain of the hide</div> </figure><h3 id="C-Corrected-Grain-Bottom-Cut-Split-Leather"><a href="#C-Corrected-Grain-Bottom-Cut-Split-Leather" class="headerlink" title="C. Corrected Grain (Bottom Cut/Split) Leather"></a>C. Corrected Grain (Bottom Cut/Split) Leather</h3><p>Corrected grain leather, also known as genuine leather, is produced using the skin layers that remain after the top is split off. Just like the top grain leather, it is also sanded to remove natural imperfections. Usually, the surface is spray painted and embossed with a leather-like pattern to resemble natural appearance. However, the processing alters the inherent breathability of the leather.</p><h3 id="D-Bonded-Leather"><a href="#D-Bonded-Leather" class="headerlink" title="D. Bonded Leather"></a>D. Bonded Leather</h3><p>Bonded leather is made up of leftovers of the hide. This includes the dust and shavings. These are bonded together using polyurethane or latex on top of a fiber sheet. It is often spray-painted to look like full or top grain leather. You can’t determine the percentage of natural leather unless the manufacturer chooses to disclose it – which is very unlikely. Bonded leather is the lowest (and the cheapest) grade of leather.</p><figure class="image-bubble"> <div class="img-lightbox"> <div class="overlay"></div> <img src="../resources/images/bonded-leather-diagram-1.jpg" alt="bonded leather graphic showing leather content vs polyurethane" title=""> </div> <div class="image-caption">bonded leather graphic showing leather content vs polyurethane</div> </figure><p>Though there are four basic types of leather, you can find a wide range of options based on the percentage of organic material, durability, and the finishing process.</p><p><strong>Aniline Leather:</strong> This is the most natural leather with a minimal resistance to soiling. It requires regular upkeep.</p><p><strong>Semi-Aniline Leather:</strong> Semi-aniline leather consists of a light surface coating with a small amount of pigment. Thus, it is stronger than aniline leather but maintains its natural look. It also exhibits stain resistance to some extent.</p><p><strong>Antique Grain Leather:</strong> This one is comprised of a unique surface processing that resembles the ragged appearance of conventional leather. It is also called distressed leather.</p><p><strong>Chrome-Free Leather:</strong> This type of leather uses aldehyde tanning, which, just like vegetable tanning, does not use chromium. Hence it is called chrome-free. Usually, it is used to make infant shoes and automobile accessories.</p><p><strong>Chrome Tanned Leather:</strong> Most leather manufacturers use chromium salts (chromium sulfates) for the tanning process instead of vegetable tanning. Though chrome tanned leather is thinner and softer than vegetable tanned leather, the process is not considered environmentally friendly. </p><p><strong>Corrected Grain Pigmented Leather:</strong> Usually, imperfections are removed by abrading the grain surface before applying the coating. A decorative grain pattern is embossed to render a natural look.</p><p><strong>Pigmented Leather:</strong> A polymer surface coating, containing certain pigments, is applied to produce the desired look and properties. Due to its durability, pigmented leather is often used to make furniture and car upholstery.</p><figure class="image-bubble"> <div class="img-lightbox"> <div class="overlay"></div> <img src="../resources/images/pyramid.jpg" alt="world wide leather supply usage" title=""> </div> <div class="image-caption">world wide leather supply usage</div> </figure><p><strong>Embossed Leather:</strong> Embossed leather is imprinted with artificial leatherwork for a certain grain design or pattern.</p><p><strong>Finished Split Leather:</strong> Usually, the middle or lower section of a hide is used to produce this leather. It is coated with a polymer and embossed to resemble a more natural look.</p><p><strong>Good Hand Leather:</strong> This is a softer leather. As it feels pleasant to the touch, it is known as good hand leather.</p><p><strong>Kidskin Leather:</strong> This one is made from the hide of young goats.</p><p><strong>Latigo:</strong> Latigo is cowhide leather specifically designed for outdoor use. It is usually found in cinches, ties, saddlebacks, and army accouterments.</p><p><strong>Nubuck Leather:</strong> Nubuck leather is sanded on the grain side to create a velvety appearance. Usually, aniline dyed leather is used to produce nubuck leather.</p><p><strong>Oil Tanned Leather:</strong> Oil-tanned leather is produced using oils to create a remarkably smooth and flexible finish.</p><p><strong>Pebble Grain Leather:</strong> The top side of such leather mimics a pattern of small pebbles.</p><p><strong>Printed Leather:</strong> The printed leather is often stamped with a design or texture to create a unique look.</p><p><strong>Pull-Up Leather:</strong> Pull-up leather, or oily pull-up leather, stretch over time and provides a unique worn-in effect. It is considered a sign of high quality.</p><p><strong>Skirting Leather:</strong> This is the leather often used to manufacture saddles and bridles. Skirting leather is made from the sides of cattle hide.</p><p><strong>Suede:</strong>Suede is the most popular leather with a napped finish. It is used to make jackets, shoes, shirts, purses, and furniture.</p><p><strong>Tooling Calf Leather:</strong> Tooling calf is a thin, lightweight, vegetable-tanned leather. It is suitable for printing and engraving.</p><figure class="image-bubble"> <div class="img-lightbox"> <div class="overlay"></div> <img src="../resources/images/Calf-Leather.jpg" alt="embossed leather imprints" title=""> </div> <div class="image-caption">embossed leather imprints</div> </figure><p><strong>Waxy Hand Leather:</strong> Waxy hand leather comes with a grease or wax finish. It is often used to make upholstery, shoes, and handbags.</p><figure class="image-bubble"> <div class="img-lightbox"> <div class="overlay"></div> <img src="../resources/images/leather-chart-no-text.jpg" alt="the usage of leather based on the thickness" title=""> </div> <div class="image-caption">the usage of leather based on the thickness</div> </figure><figure class="image-bubble"> <div class="img-lightbox"> <div class="overlay"></div> <img src="../resources/images/LeatherWeight-chart-1.jpg" alt="" title=""> </div> <div class="image-caption"></div> </figure><h2 id="Leather-Processing"><a href="#Leather-Processing" class="headerlink" title="Leather Processing"></a>Leather Processing</h2><p>Leather tanning is a complex and lengthy process. Though mechanization has made it less labor intensive, it still consists of a complex series of treatments that require considerable time and energy. The purpose of the tanning process is to alter the protein structure of the skin to increase its durability, texture, and appearance.</p><iframe src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/PYCvBADKSu4?feature=oembed&wmode=transparent" frameborder="0" gesture="media" allow="encrypted-media" allowfullscreen data-aspectratio="0.562962962962963" style="width: 1000px; height: 562.963px; opacity: 1; visibility: visible;"></iframe><p>As mentioned earlier, there are many varieties of leather. However, all types of leathers have to go through <strong>four fundamental stages.</strong> This includes preparatory steps, tanning, re-tanning, and finishing. Sometimes, a further sub-process of surface coating may be added to the process. Before sending to the tannery, the animal skin needs to be cured. Although curing is not considered a part of the tanning process, it is the first crucial step in obtaining leather.</p><figure class="image-bubble"> <div class="img-lightbox"> <div class="overlay"></div> <img src="../resources/images/Leather-Process.jpg" alt="leather manufacturing process diagram" title=""> </div> <div class="image-caption">leather manufacturing process diagram</div> </figure><p>Usually, the animal is killed and skinned before the body heat leaves the tissues. The freshly removed skin or hide is immediately cured with salt to remove water. The skin is allowed to remain in the shade until it is completely dry. The cured skin or animal hide is then transported to the tanneries for further processing.</p><h3 id="A-Preparatory-Steps"><a href="#A-Preparatory-Steps" class="headerlink" title="A. Preparatory Steps"></a>A. Preparatory Steps</h3><p>The cured skin or animal hide needs to be prepared for the tanning process. Although there are various preparatory processes, the purpose of each process is to remove unwanted raw skin components. The tannery may not perform all of them, depending on the quality and type of the desired product.</p><p><strong>1) Soaking</strong></p><p>At this stage, the cured hide is soaked in water for several hours to several days. This process not only restores the moisture lost during salting, but helps to remove dirt, debris, blood, and excess animal fats.</p><p><strong>2) Fleshing</strong></p><p>This process removes subcutaneous material from the flesh side. The pelt is passed through a machine to remove the fat, muscle, and flesh mechanically. Usually, this process takes place after slaughter, soaking, or liming. At this stage, or after tanning, hides may be split into different layers.</p><p><strong>3) Un-hairing</strong></p><p>Hair is removed at this stage using mechanical instruments such as rollers and blades.</p><p><strong>4) Pickling</strong></p><p>This process involves cleaning and soaking the rawhide in acids or salts to prevent decomposition. It helps the penetration of tanning agents such as chromium and aldehydes. Stronger pickling agents are used to preserve hides for several months.</p><p><strong>5) De-Pickling</strong></p><p>The hide is soaked in sulfuric acid to lower the pH after pickling.</p><p><strong>6) Liming</strong></p><p>This process loosens the fibers and allows the skin to absorb various tanning chemicals. Usually, sodium sulfide and hydrated lime are used to treat the hide, as they remove keratinous material such as hair and wool. Fats get hydrolyzed as the pH increases. Water is absorbed into the skin fibers, resulting in a swollen skin structure.</p><p><strong>7) De-Liming</strong></p><p>In this process, the hide is washed with a mixture of water and ammonium chloride or ammonium sulfate. This removes water (along with any impurities) to reduce swelling.</p><p><strong>8) Bating</strong></p><p>Bating marks the end of the liming process. The flaccid skin is treated with proteolytic bating enzymes to remove non-fibrous proteins. It cleans the grain and makes the pelt smooth and silky.</p><p><strong>9) De-Greasing</strong></p><p>Sometimes, water-based solutions and solvents are used to remove excess grease or natural fatty acids from the skin.</p><p><strong>10) Bleaching</strong></p><p>Chemical agents are used to making the hide colorless to add the desired color at a later stage. </p><h3 id="B-Tanning"><a href="#B-Tanning" class="headerlink" title="B. Tanning"></a>B. Tanning</h3><p>The primary purpose of this process is to produce a non-decomposable and sturdy material from the raw animal hide, called leather. Essentially, tanning converts the protein of the rawhide into a durable material. The most common tanning processes include mineral tanning, vegetable tanning, and glutaraldehyde tanning.</p><p><strong>1) Vegetable Tanning</strong></p><figure class="image-bubble"> <div class="img-lightbox"> <div class="overlay"></div> <img src="../resources/images/tanning-labor.jpg" alt="" title=""> </div> <div class="image-caption"></div> </figure><p>Vegetable tanning has been around for thousands of years. Unlike mineral tanning, it uses a naturally occurring polyphenol astringent chemical called<a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/tannin" target="_blank" rel="external"> tannin</a>. This is usually found in bark, leaves, and branches of trees such as oak, chestnut, or mimosa. As it produces shades of deep brown, beige, yellow, and red, tannin lends a unique color and texture to the leather.</p><p>However, the process is time-consuming, laborious, and expensive. There are two types of vegetable tanning processes. The slow process takes about 30 days, while the rapid tanning process only lasts about 36 to 48 hours. Sometimes, however, the slow process can take several months, as it may require multiple treatments.</p><p>This process produces highly durable leather. So, the vegetable tanned leather is often used to make products such as saddles or holsters. The unmatched durability and distinct appearance makes this leather suitable for imprinting and intricate leatherwork such as tooling.</p><p><strong>2) Mineral or Chrome Tanning</strong></p><p>Mineral or chrome tanning is the most popular tanning process because it’s much quicker, affordable, and less labor intensive than the others. In 1858, it was introduced as an alternative to the expensive and time-consuming vegetable tanning process. The process can be automated and lasts a day at most. Usually, the time for chromium tanning is around 2 or 3 hours for small and thin skins. However, it can go up to 24 hours for thicker ones obtained from cattle.</p><p>The size of chrome molecules is small compared to vegetable tannin ions. As a result, chrome ions can penetrate the collagen and remove water molecules effectively. That’s why chrome tanned leather is thinner and softer than vegetable tanned leather. Chromium (III) sulfate is the most efficient and effective tanning agent. Chrome tanned leather is also called wet blue leather due to its bluish color.</p><figure class="image-bubble"> <div class="img-lightbox"> <div class="overlay"></div> <img src="../resources/images/tanning-hides-drums-stage2800X600.jpg" alt="" title=""> </div> <div class="image-caption"></div> </figure><figure class="image-bubble"> <div class="img-lightbox"> <div class="overlay"></div> <img src="../resources/images/chrome-tanning-wet-blue-hides800X600.jpg" alt="" title=""> </div> <div class="image-caption"></div> </figure><figure class="image-bubble"> <div class="img-lightbox"> <div class="overlay"></div> <img src="../resources/images/tanning-hides-drums800X600.jpg" alt="" title=""> </div> <div class="image-caption"></div> </figure><figure class="image-bubble"> <div class="img-lightbox"> <div class="overlay"></div> <img src="../resources/images/blue-hides-ready-for-tanning.jpg" alt="blue hides ready for leather tanning" title=""> </div> <div class="image-caption">blue hides ready for leather tanning</div> </figure><p>However, the chrome tanning process creates a<a href="https://www.premierevision.com/content/uploads/2017/03/PVLeather_Newsletter6_eng.pdf" target="_blank" rel="external"> negative environmental impact</a> as it comprises heavy usage of acids and other chemicals. The toxic waste can seep into groundwater and contaminate drinking water supplies. The resulting environmental implications are a major concern, especially in developing countries.</p><p><strong>3) Aldehyde Tanning</strong></p><p>This tanning process uses glutaraldehyde or oxazolidine compounds. It is also called wet white leather due to its pale cream color. Aldehyde tanned leather is water absorbent, soft, and can be machine washed. It is, therefore, perfect for use in chamois.</p><p><strong>4) Oil Tanning</strong></p><p>Sometimes, emulsified oils are blended with aldehyde chemicals to produce exceptionally soft and flexible leather. This process is called oil tanning.</p><h3 id="C-Re-Tanning"><a href="#C-Re-Tanning" class="headerlink" title="C. Re-Tanning"></a>C. Re-Tanning</h3><p>Re-tanning converts the tanned leather into a marketable product. The choice of chemicals used in this process depends on the desired color and texture in the final product.</p><p><strong>1) Drying</strong></p><p>At this stage, the tanned leather is pressed between two rolling cylinders to remove the water absorbed during the tanning process. </p><p><strong>2) Shaving</strong></p><p>This process removes flesh residues and creates uniformly thick leather. The leather passes through two rolling cylinders where the upper one is provided with helical blades. </p><p><strong>3) Splitting</strong></p><p>A splitting machine slices the thick leather into one or more horizontal layers. Sometimes, this process is also carried out after liming. The top grain layer is the most expensive leather. It is used to make high-end leather merchandise. The layer without grain is used to make suede leather. Sometimes, an artificial grain surface can also be applied to it.</p><figure class="image-bubble"> <div class="img-lightbox"> <div class="overlay"></div> <img src="../resources/images/Leather-cutting-modified-1.jpg" alt="leather cutting showing separation between the top grain and the split hide" title=""> </div> <div class="image-caption">leather cutting showing separation between the top grain and the split hide</div> </figure><p><strong>4) Dyeing</strong></p><p>With the exception of vegetable tanned leather, all types of leather are dyed. More often than not, water-soluble dyes are used, allowing the dye molecules to penetrate inside the fibers. Thus, it differs significantly from surface coating where dye is applied only on the top layer.</p><figure class="image-bubble"> <div class="img-lightbox"> <div class="overlay"></div> <img src="../resources/images/color-belts.jpg" alt="" title=""> </div> <div class="image-caption"></div> </figure><p><strong>5) Fat Liquoring</strong></p><p>Fat liquoring, or stuffing, consists of adding fats, oils, or waxes between fibers to keep the leather soft and flexible. Without this process, the leather will dry and become stiff.</p><h3 id="D-Finishing"><a href="#D-Finishing" class="headerlink" title="D. Finishing"></a>D. Finishing</h3><p>This is the final stage where finishing touches are added to the tanned leather – as per the desired end product. This includes color, texture, thickness, and surface patterns.</p><p><strong>1) Polishing</strong></p><p>A velvet wheel rubs the leather to create a shiny surface.</p><p><strong>2) Embossing</strong></p><p>The process of embossing obtains a three-dimensional print using heated hydraulic or roller presses.</p><p><strong>3) Surface Coating</strong></p><p>The surface coating process adds color and different designs to leather. As per the customer requirement, resins, pigments, and dyes are added in layers to the surface using a variety of techniques such as spraying, roller-coating, curtain-coating, or hand coating.<a href="https://vimeo.com/248805887" target="_blank" rel="external"><svg version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="600px" height="800px" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 600 800" enable-background="new 0 0 600 800" xml:space="preserve"><path fill="none" d="M0-1.79v800L600,395L0-1.79z"/> </svg></a></p><p><strong>4) Final Grading</strong></p><p>Finally, the leather is graded before it is dispatched to the customers. Grading is often based on a variety of factors such as the feel of the leather, color, pattern, thickness, softness, and flexibility.</p><figure class="image-bubble"> <div class="img-lightbox"> <div class="overlay"></div> <img src="../resources/images/leather-grading-finished-product.jpg" alt="" title=""> </div> <div class="image-caption"></div> </figure><figure class="image-bubble"> <div class="img-lightbox"> <div class="overlay"></div> <img src="../resources/images/leather-grading-finished-product2.jpg" alt="finished leather hides after production" title=""> </div> <div class="image-caption">finished leather hides after production</div> </figure><figure class="image-bubble"> <div class="img-lightbox"> <div class="overlay"></div> <img src="../resources/images/leather-grading-original-markings-on-hide-2.jpg" alt="leather imperfections on hide showing branding marking" title=""> </div> <div class="image-caption">leather imperfections on hide showing branding marking</div> </figure><figure class="image-bubble"> <div class="img-lightbox"> <div class="overlay"></div> <img src="../resources/images/red-hide.jpg" alt="" title=""> </div> <div class="image-caption"></div> </figure><h2 id="Leather-For-Furniture"><a href="#Leather-For-Furniture" class="headerlink" title="Leather For Furniture"></a>Leather For Furniture</h2><p>One of the most popular leather item categories is furniture. High-quality leather furniture can last for years. However, each type comes with unique characteristics. In other words, you need to choose the right type of leather to get the most out of your furniture. Hopefully, this quick leather furniture buying guide will help you.</p><figure class="image-bubble"> <div class="img-lightbox"> <div class="overlay"></div> <img src="../resources/images/octane-flex-black-leather-theater-chair.jpg" alt="octane flex hr power headrest black recliner theater seating" title=""> </div> <div class="image-caption">octane flex hr power headrest black recliner theater seating</div> </figure><h3 id="Full-Grain-Leather"><a href="#Full-Grain-Leather" class="headerlink" title="Full Grain Leather"></a>Full Grain Leather</h3><p>As mentioned before, this is the most expensive and high-end leather out there. It is also the best for furniture because it retains a natural look and texture. The leather is treated with transparent aniline dyes to keep the original look. The texture is a little rough in the beginning but softens over time. However, this type of leather furniture requires a lot of maintenance, as it is susceptible to sunlight and absorbs liquids readily.</p><h3 id="Top-Grain-Leather"><a href="#Top-Grain-Leather" class="headerlink" title="Top Grain Leather"></a>Top Grain Leather</h3><p>Top grain leather is also suitable for furniture. This type of leather is softer than the full grain leather and comes with the same durability. Top-grain leather furniture comes in two different categories: aniline and semi-aniline. While aniline leather recliners may look natural, they remain susceptible to stains. Semi-aniline leather furniture, on the other hand, is relatively less susceptible because it can be treated with a protective topcoat. This type of leather furniture is also expensive. At Octane Seating, we primarily use top grain leather on all portions of the seating that you will touch. This means the seat back, seat cushion, armrests, and footrest - all utilize top grain. We then use a perfect synthetic PU match (see below) on the exterior sides and the exterior seat back. The synthetic match on those portions of the seat is an excellent choice given that those are the portions that will get scratches, dirt, and nicks. The synthetic cover is easy to clean and maintain in areas like that on the furniture.</p><h3 id="Split-Grain-Leather"><a href="#Split-Grain-Leather" class="headerlink" title="Split Grain Leather"></a>Split Grain Leather</h3><p>Though split grain consists of 100% leather, it lacks the smooth texture and stylish appearances with natural variations in color and pebbling. Some people may not think of it as the best leather for furniture, as it is relatively difficult to maintain. </p><h3 id="Bonded-Leather"><a href="#Bonded-Leather" class="headerlink" title="Bonded Leather"></a>Bonded Leather</h3><p>Bonded leather is the most sought-after leather for furniture because it offers the look and texture of leather for the cheapest price. Usually, it only consists of about 17% leather obtained from various scraps rolled up together using an adhesive material. Unlike the full grain leather furniture, it will never become smooth with age.</p><h3 id="Nubuck-Leather"><a href="#Nubuck-Leather" class="headerlink" title="Nubuck Leather"></a>Nubuck Leather</h3><p>People tend to confuse nubuck leather with suede because they both have a velvet-like surface. However, unlike suede (obtained from split leather), nubuck is produced from the full grain leather. This type of leather is lightly brushed or abraded to create a velvet-like plush nap. It is considered the best leather for furniture due to its soft, velvet-like touch and natural look. Though it is more durable compared to suede, nubuck leather furniture requires high maintenance, especially the velvety fur. You should avoid buying nubuck leather furniture if you have pets.</p><h3 id="Bi-Cast-Leather"><a href="#Bi-Cast-Leather" class="headerlink" title="Bi-Cast Leather"></a>Bi-Cast Leather</h3><p>Bi-cast leather is manufactured by blending split-hide leather or composite leather substrate and a coating of colored polyurethane. Thus, it looks like top grain leather, only it is a lot cheaper. Just like bonded leather furniture, it also lacks the wear or comfort attributes of top-grain leather. It doesn’t have the durability people often associate with top grain leather furniture, either. So, before buying bi-cast leather furniture, make sure you understand the pros and cons related to it.</p><h3 id="Faux-Leather"><a href="#Faux-Leather" class="headerlink" title="Faux Leather"></a>Faux Leather</h3><p>Faux leather is a great choice for furniture upholstery, especially if you are an animal lover. Though it is no match for high-end full grain leather furniture, faux leather furniture is durable and can last longer. It is also affordable, less prone to cracks and peels, can withstand scratches, is not susceptible to sunlight, and is stain resistant. Thus, it can be an economical and low maintenance alternative to natural leather.</p><h2 id="Polyurethane-PU-vs-Polyvinylchloride-PVC-Furniture"><a href="#Polyurethane-PU-vs-Polyvinylchloride-PVC-Furniture" class="headerlink" title="Polyurethane (PU) vs Polyvinylchloride (PVC) Furniture"></a>Polyurethane (PU) vs Polyvinylchloride (PVC) Furniture</h2><p>When it comes to buying leather furniture, people often use the terms polyurethane (PU) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) leather interchangeably. However, they are distinctly different. You must understand this difference if you want to get the best bang for your buck while purchasing leather furniture.</p><p><strong>1) Polyurethane (PU) Leather</strong> </p><ul><li>Polyurethane leather is composed of polyurethane, bicast, or ground leather. Thus, it closely resembles natural leather.</li><li>It provides a soft and flexible seating surface.</li><li>It offers better breathability (vapor transmission), compared to PVC leather.</li><li>The high-performance PU leather can quickly adjust to body temperature. It can remain cool even after sitting for long periods of time.</li><li>However, it is susceptible to direct sunlight and humidity. Prolonged exposure can make it brittle.</li><li>It comes with high abrasion resistance, durability, and inherent stain resistance.</li><li>It is not naturally flame resistant. But, resistants are often added during the manufacturing process.</li><li>Though it is more economical than natural leather, polyurethane upholstery tends to be expensive compared to PVC leather furniture.</li></ul><p><strong>2) Polyvinylchloride (PVC) Leather</strong></p><ul><li>Though polyvinylchloride (PVC) resembles the softness, color, and texture of natural leather, it doesn’t contain natural leather at all.</li><li>It is very durable and inherently flame resistant.</li><li>It has a relatively better resistance to cleaners and disinfectants, compared to PU leather.</li><li>Affordability and an excellent variety of color, texture, and grain are the primary reasons why this leather is the most popular one out there.</li></ul><p>[<figure class="image-bubble"> <div class="img-lightbox"> <div class="overlay"></div> <img src="https://www.octaneseating.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/PVC-chart-1.jpg" alt="what are the differences between PVC and PU upholstery](../resources/images/PVC-chart-1.jpg )" title=""> </div> <div class="image-caption">what are the differences between PVC and PU upholstery](../resources/images/PVC-chart-1.jpg )</div> </figure></p><h2 id="How-to-Identify-Genuine-Leather"><a href="#How-to-Identify-Genuine-Leather" class="headerlink" title="How to Identify Genuine Leather"></a>How to Identify Genuine Leather</h2><p>Buying leather can be a challenging task. There are not only different types of leather but also different types of synthetic leather. Manufactures and leather shop owners are finding new ways to sell synthetic leather disguised as genuine. Fortunately, there are a few simple tips on how to buy genuine leather.</p><p><strong>1) Check the Label First</strong></p><p>The first thing you should do before trying any of the following tricks is to check the label. Most high-end leather product manufacturers will proudly give you information about the type of leather they have used to make the merchandise.</p><p>Most leather products have labels indicating different types, such as ‘genuine leather’ or ‘full grain leather.’ If you see dubious labels such as ‘manmade material’ or ‘made with animal products’, chances are, it’s not genuine leather. Avoid buying leather furniture or accessories without any tags. It’s a sure shot sign the manufacturer is trying to conceal the authenticity of leather.</p><p><strong>2) Feel the Texture</strong></p><p>Just run your fingers over the leather to feel its texture. As genuine leather comes from animal hide, it will have a varying or uneven texture. If the surface grain feels extra smooth, chances are, it is faux leather.</p><p><strong>3) Look for Imperfections</strong></p><p><strong>Genuine leather exhibits an inconsistent surface pattern having minor imperfections. In other words, scratches, creases, and wrinkles are an indication of genuine leather</strong> </p><p><img src="../resources/images/leather-messenger-bag.jpg" alt="leather messenger bag"></p><p><strong>4) Warmth</strong></p><p>Remember, genuine leather comes from hiding, which at some point, belonged to a living animal. That’s why genuine leather begets a cozy and warm feeling to your touch. Faux leather, however, feels cold and lifeless.</p><p><strong>5) Elasticity</strong> </p><p>Just like any animal skin, genuine leather changes color when stretched and has better elasticity. If you press your finger firmly against natural leather, it will wrinkle under pressure. But, it will regain the original quickly. Faux leather, however, will retain the shape of your finger for a while.</p><p><strong>6) Smell</strong></p><p>Real leather has a distinct leathery smell. It retains the smell even after going through the tanning process. The synthetic leather material, on the other hand, smells like plastic.</p><p><strong>7) Rough Edges</strong></p><p>Whether you are out shopping for leather recliners or handbags, they will always have rough or coarse edges. As genuine leather is made of several layers, the edges often fray over time. Faux leather products, however, have smooth edges.</p><p><strong>8) Moisture</strong></p><p>Unlike its synthetic counterparts, natural leather readily absorbs moisture. Splash a drop of water on your leather merchandise. If it soaks up the water in seconds, chances are it’s a genuine leather item.</p><p><strong>9) Fire Test</strong></p><p>You have to execute this test carefully, as it will damage a part of your leather accessory. You can do this test on a hard-to-see area, such as the underside of your leather recliners. Burn the designated area using a matchstick. Genuine leather will slightly char and produce a distinct smell of burnt hair, while faux leather smells of burning plastic.</p><p><strong>10) Check the Cost</strong></p><p>Irrespective of how hard you bargain, genuine leather will always be expensive. When it comes to leather shopping, there are no cheap deals.</p><p><strong>11) Understand Different Types of Leather</strong></p><p>The more you know about leather, the better. So, try to understand as much you can about the different types. When in doubt, refer to this guide.</p><h2 id="Wrapping-It-Up"><a href="#Wrapping-It-Up" class="headerlink" title="Wrapping It Up"></a>Wrapping It Up</h2><p>Even the smallest things made of genuine leather are quite expensive. So, you have to put a lot of thought into buying leather products, big or small. The cost, quality, and aesthetics of leather depending on various aspects including the type of animal hide, tanning process, and finishing touches. Hopefully, this guide will address all your concerns from understanding leather grades and manufacturing processes to identifying and buying genuine leather. How about you? Have you purchased leather furniture or accessories recently? Share your experience in the comments section below.</p>]]></content>
<summary type="html">
<p>Whether it’s furniture or personal accessories, buying genuine leather items requires thoughtful consideration. As you are going to inves
</summary>
<category term="Trade" scheme="http://blog.inesoi.com/categories/Trade/"/>
<category term="material" scheme="http://blog.inesoi.com/tags/material/"/>
<category term="leather" scheme="http://blog.inesoi.com/tags/leather/"/>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>Amazon 上传产品</title>
<link href="http://blog.inesoi.com/amazon-uploading-products.html"/>
<id>http://blog.inesoi.com/amazon-uploading-products.html</id>
<published>2017-12-24T16:00:00.000Z</published>
<updated>2018-07-27T14:52:01.000Z</updated>
<content type="html"><![CDATA[<h2 id="产品字段"><a href="#产品字段" class="headerlink" title="产品字段"></a>产品字段</h2><ul><li><p>item_type:填空题,填入的内容,告诉亚马逊,我的产品,我要放入的类目,比如你做iphone case ,在你下载的表格里,Valid Values这个页面,已经给出这个值了,就是 basic-cell-phone-carrying-cases ,看到了没有,中间有一杠一杠的,是固定的格式,将这条记录定位到这个类目进去;</p></li><li><p>item_sku:填入的内容,是为了告诉亚马逊,本条记录,本人,要给它一个身份id,便于识别,作者可以看心情编写,比如可以填写成,xiaolandecase,子sku 保持跟父sku一定相关性,比如xiaolandecase-black,代表黑色的子sku,没理解父体和子体?</p></li><li><p>external_product_id:传说中的upc码,官方有卖,不过我都去淘宝买,不安全?我呸,我都用了几千个了,便宜又实用;UPC码干啥用的?亚马逊赋予你这条记录的身份证;</p></li><li><p>external_product_id_type:看到了没有,跟上面那货,就差了一个type,意思就是问你,你刚刚写进去的id的类型,是身份证呢,学生证,驾驶证还是upc码?因为除了upc,还有GCID ,EAN码,不用管那么多,普遍先用UPC码,这样理解了吧;</p></li><li><p>item_name:标题标题标题,这个很容易看懂吧,就是产品名称;</p></li><li><p>manufacturer:制造商,翻译一下就知道了,写你工厂的名字就行了,瞎编一个;</p></li><li><p>brand_name:品牌名,如果还未申请国外商标,也拟定一个可将来用来备案。更能用于吓唬那些跟卖的,要说起品牌备案,我的建议是账号不稳定的时候,先别备案,万一账户挂了,岂不是浪费钱;</p></li><li><p>standard_price:商品吊牌价,一般来讲设置高一些,将来要打折的嘛,父体不用设置,最多保留两个小数点;跟后面的 </p></li><li><p>sale_price 相对应,真正的销售价格是 sale_price; </p></li><li><p>quantity:库存数量,如果有做fba,请写的准确一点;</p></li><li><p>other_image_url1:产品副图,详情图 main_image_url:主图,图片1001*1001,有一边的像素要大于1001,记得要白底,虽然现在也有很多非白底的,但是被查,是迟早的事,最好按照亚马逊的规则走。</p></li><li><p>parent_child : 父子关系,如果所在记录是父体,就写parent,字体 </p></li><li><p>childparent_sku:父体的sku一般不写,写字体的sku</p></li><li><p>relationship_type:关系类型, 默认填写 Variation 父子变体</p></li><li>variation_theme:变体类型 是颜色 尺码 还是 颜色/尺码</li><li>part_number:填写制造零件号,可以自己编辑一个;</li><li>product_description:产品描述,在前台显示;</li><li>update_delete:不填写默认为创建新品;填写 partial update代表更新本条记录;填写delete,表示删除;</li><li>bullet_point1:卖点,最重要的卖点,切记不能浮夸,不能带有煽动性词语,写出最真实的产品特性;</li><li>generic_keywords:search term 的关键字。</li></ul><h2 id="关键词"><a href="#关键词" class="headerlink" title="关键词"></a>关键词</h2><p>根据跨境电商平台亚马逊的A9算法,关键词是具有一定搜索权重的,而对于卖家而言,关键词则是吸引买家眼球的一个关键部分,优质的关键词能给listing带来较高的曝光、点击和转化,因此用好关键词能给卖家带来非常多的益处。</p><p>亚马逊关键词也被称为Search Term和五行描述,正确的填写产品的5行关键词可以提高客户的购买概率,因此绝不能漫不经心的填写和简单的复制,必须要经过认真的总结和梳理。</p><p>关键词上体现出来的信息,可以有产品的款式、颜色、材质、功能、包装、用途以及其他方面的优势,越具体越好,越是买家关心的越好,越能与竞争对手产生差异化越好。与此同时还要注意文字的排版,不要参差不齐,影响美感。</p><p>A9算法在客户开始搜索某个关键词后,展示出来的结果与客户搜索的关键词有三种对应的情况。</p><ol><li>完全匹配:这种情况权重最高,表明卖家的关键词与买家输入的关键词完全一致,比如买家输入的是men shoes,卖家的关键词也是men shoes;</li><li>词组匹配:这种情况权重中等,表明卖家的关键词与买家输入的关键词部分一致,比如买家输入的是woman red sandals,卖家的关键词是woman red shoes;</li><li>模糊匹配:这种情况权重最低,表明卖家的关键词与买家输入的关键词只有少部分匹配,比如买家输入的是woman red sandals,卖家的关键词是woman white shoes。</li></ol><h3 id="关键词的两种写法"><a href="#关键词的两种写法" class="headerlink" title="关键词的两种写法"></a>关键词的两种写法</h3><p>目前为止,关于跨境电商平台亚马逊关键词的写法主要有两种模式,哪种更好没有定论,只能根据产品的竞争程度、卖家现阶段的经营策略以及卖家对市场和行业的把握做为参考依据。</p><ol><li>第一种写法是在5个search term上都只填写一个关键词或词组,为的就是完全匹配,当买家搜索该关键词时得到好的权重,最有效的抓住每一个精准流量。这需要卖家在众多关键词中将不精准、搜索量低、转化率少的词汇剔除掉,只留下5个搜索多、转化率好、成交高的优质关键词,考验的是智慧。</li><li>第二种写法是在5个search term上填写大量的关键词或词组,能写多少就写多少,每个关键词或词组间用英文的逗号隔开,为的是模糊匹配和词组匹配,玩的是词海战术,增加被搜索到的概率,抓取的是泛流量,东方不亮西方亮。</li></ol><p>至于具体到每个卖家,就要根据实际情况选择一种写法,或者将两者进行综合,比如在5个search term中,2-3个用第一种写法,剩下的用第二种写法。其实,竞争非常激烈的产品,第一种写法占得优势较多,竞争不太激烈的产品,第二种写法更吃香。以下这家采用的是二者融合的模式。</p><h3 id="关键词的书写规则"><a href="#关键词的书写规则" class="headerlink" title="关键词的书写规则"></a>关键词的书写规则</h3><ol><li>两个关键词之间不要用中文的逗号或者其他的标点符号隔开,这样会影响A9的读取,被判定为乱码,彼此间用空格隔开即可,比如woman red sandal和shoes,写成woman red sandal shoes即可;</li><li>另外,同一个关键词不要重复出现,不但有可能被认为是关键词作弊,还会影响买家的阅读体验感,比如这一栏已经用了红色,就不要再重复出现了,例如red sandal和red shoes直接合并成red sandal shoes就好了。</li></ol><h3 id="关键词的书写技巧"><a href="#关键词的书写技巧" class="headerlink" title="关键词的书写技巧"></a>关键词的书写技巧</h3><ol><li>卖家要尽可能的在买家的立场上去筛选和整理关键词,把买家最想知道的、最希望知道的、最迫切知道的关键词排到前面去,剩下的再按照与产品的相关性写到Search Term中。如果可以,5个search term尽量填满,当然也要分产品,有的产品关键词本身就很少,也没有必要吹毛求疵;</li><li>多想一想产品有没有其他的叫法,因为可能每个国家、每个地区、每一类的人对同一个产品的称呼都不一样,这也导致了同一个产品有可能有多个产品名称关键词,比如有人把移动电源也称为充电宝、旅行充电器,还比如灯有lamp和light两种叫法;</li><li>少用介词、形容词和修饰词,浪费字符空间,对买家的成交也没有太多的影响。多写一些尺寸、性能、使用时间、颜色、原材料等方面的内容,充分挖掘和运用有价值的关键词;</li><li>多参考和学习,不断优化自己的关键词,而不是放上去以后就不管了。首先就要参考亚马逊下拉框中推荐的搜索关键词,另外还要看一些大卖家或者品牌店热销品的用词习惯,做的比较好的同行更是监测和对比的重点对象;</li><li>如果所卖产品适合节日使用或送人,要提前修改关键词,一般是在节日前的半个月甚至一个月,就在关键词中加入与节假日有关的词组,比如圣诞节、万圣节、网购星期五等。五、关键词工具解析工具是死的,人才是活的,这些关键词工具只能做为一种思维拓展的辅助,而不能完全依赖它,最终卖家想要获得一个好的结果,还是需要依靠自己对产品和市场的熟悉度。</li></ol><h3 id="关键词工具解析"><a href="#关键词工具解析" class="headerlink" title="关键词工具解析"></a>关键词工具解析</h3><p>工具是死的,人才是活的,这些关键词工具只能做为一种思维拓展的辅助,而不能完全依赖它,最终卖家想要获得一个好的结果,还是需要依靠自己对产品和市场的熟悉度。</p>]]></content>
<summary type="html">
<h2 id="产品字段"><a href="#产品字段" class="headerlink" title="产品字段"></a>产品字段</h2><ul>
<li><p>item_type:填空题,填入的内容,告诉亚马逊,我的产品,我要放入的类目,比如你做iphone cas
</summary>
<category term="Amazon" scheme="http://blog.inesoi.com/categories/Amazon/"/>
<category term="amazon" scheme="http://blog.inesoi.com/tags/amazon/"/>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>Amazon 账号防关联</title>
<link href="http://blog.inesoi.com/amazon-account-avoid-relate.html"/>
<id>http://blog.inesoi.com/amazon-account-avoid-relate.html</id>
<published>2017-12-24T16:00:00.000Z</published>
<updated>2018-07-27T14:52:01.000Z</updated>
<content type="html"><![CDATA[<h2 id="什么是账号关联"><a href="#什么是账号关联" class="headerlink" title="什么是账号关联"></a>什么是账号关联</h2><p>亚马逊规定一个卖家只能拥有一个店铺。账号关联就是亚马逊通过自己的技术手段获取卖家信息,通过匹配关联因素来判定多个账号是否属于同一个卖家所有。如果亚马逊判定多个账号为同一卖家操作,就产生了账号关联。</p><h2 id="产生关联的后果"><a href="#产生关联的后果" class="headerlink" title="产生关联的后果"></a>产生关联的后果</h2><p>亚马逊账号关联本身并不会产生什么问题,问题的关键是,你其中的一个账号出现问题,那你其他关联的账号就会受到影响。</p><p>同站点的账号关联,亚马逊检测到你在各账号之间有交叉销售的话,它会发邮件警告你自行删除一个账号上的Listing,如果你无动于衷,那么亚马逊就会强制关闭所有关联的账号。</p><h2 id="账号关联的三种后果"><a href="#账号关联的三种后果" class="headerlink" title="账号关联的三种后果"></a>账号关联的三种后果</h2><ul><li>同站点账号关联,且账号间所售卖产品存在交叉,亚马逊会强制要求你下架新账号的全部Listing。</li><li>同站点所售卖产品不存在交叉,账号可能继续存活。</li><li>任意站点,关联账号中的一个被关闭,那么其他几个也难逃厄运,仅仅只是时间问题。</li></ul><h2 id="关联因素及预防措施"><a href="#关联因素及预防措施" class="headerlink" title="关联因素及预防措施"></a>关联因素及预防措施</h2><ol><li>网络关联:每个店铺配备独立的宽带网络或者电脑配备独立无线网卡,死过店铺的网络不要在使用,电脑更换配置。</li><li>浏览器指纹:亚马逊可以通过 JS 收集有关你浏览器的无害数据,如插件、系统字体、操作系统版本、打字方式、打字速度等等。这些数据合在一起,就是一个数字指纹,可以判断是不是同一个人操作,就如同我们可以通过一个指纹找到一个人。</li><li>密码相同关联:亚马逊每个店铺的账号及密码不能相同。</li><li><p>图片关联:不同的店铺,产品图片名称,产品拍摄角度都不能相同。<br>5.描述关联:标题描述,细节描述不能照抄一个店铺,每个店铺必须重写。</p></li><li><p>注册信息关联:每个店铺的注册信息必须具有唯一性,从公司的名称,个人名字,地址,电话,邮箱都要有一套对应的资料。</p></li><li><p>cookies关联:cookie是当你浏览某网站时,web服务器置于硬盘上的一个简单的文本文件,它可以记录你的用户ID、密码、浏览过的网页、停留的时间等信息。</p></li><li><p>FBA 发货信息关联:发货地址及联系电话,每个店铺都最好不要相同。</p></li><li><p>跟卖关联:很多卖家都用小号跟卖大号,或者相互跟卖,跟卖不会关联,但由于跟卖的缘由,当你出现问题时,跟卖的账号也会被审核。</p></li><li><p>品牌备案关联:每个备案网站的联系信息要完全跟商标注册以及亚马逊后台店铺信息对于,利于通过备案又能避免关联。(品牌授权除外)</p></li><li><p>联系方式关联:亚马逊后台开case或者让亚马逊电话联系你的时候,一定要留亚马逊后台对应的电话及邮箱,而不是留自己习惯的邮箱及电话。</p></li><li><p>邮件图片或者flash关联:邮件中加载图片或flash的时候是可以读取你的ip地址的,针对这个情况,使用gmail的禁用邮件加载功能,详细信息去亚马逊后台看。</p></li><li><p>欧洲kyc审核查出关联:对股东信息及地址账单信息进行详查。</p></li><li><p>产品相同关联:多店铺的售卖产品基本一样,建议交叉售卖,新老产品的比例小于3:7。</p></li><li><p>因关联被关闭过店铺的商标及公司个人信用卡地址信息不要再次使用。</p></li><li><p>云主机登录管理多账号被查出:亚马逊的业务之一就是AWS,最好不要使用云主机管理,亚马逊很容易查出关联。使用独立电脑最安全。</p></li><li><p>产品型号关联:所有店铺上架公司的同一系列产品,且是同一款产品,外观一样,亚马逊可能会因为这个因素查你的店铺。</p></li><li><p>翻墙软件/翻墙路由器关联:当你翻墙上twitter、YouTube的时候记得推出亚马逊后台,以免误伤。</p></li><li><p>说明书关联:很多卖家因为产品销量少而不单独硬刷品牌包装,多店铺使用同一包装,在这个时候,不一样的说明是证明非关联的重要因素。</p></li></ol><h2 id="放关联核心应对方"><a href="#放关联核心应对方" class="headerlink" title="放关联核心应对方"></a>放关联核心应对方</h2><ol><li>让亚马逊认为多个账号是不同的人在不同的地方操作。</li><li>关联根据多个因素判定,单一因素相同,不会关联,但长期不知不觉的积累起来的关联因素多起来之后,就会因为某次关联因素而被判定为关联,卖家们应尽量减少关联因素。</li><li>做到十新,新邮箱,新电脑,新系统,新浏览器,新路由,新收款账号和新产品,新宽带,新手机号,新信用卡。</li></ol>]]></content>
<summary type="html">
<h2 id="什么是账号关联"><a href="#什么是账号关联" class="headerlink" title="什么是账号关联"></a>什么是账号关联</h2><p>亚马逊规定一个卖家只能拥有一个店铺。账号关联就是亚马逊通过自己的技术手段获取卖家信息,通过匹配关联因
</summary>
<category term="Amazon" scheme="http://blog.inesoi.com/categories/Amazon/"/>
<category term="amazon" scheme="http://blog.inesoi.com/tags/amazon/"/>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>Amazon Vine</title>
<link href="http://blog.inesoi.com/amazon-vine-review.html"/>
<id>http://blog.inesoi.com/amazon-vine-review.html</id>
<published>2017-12-02T16:00:00.000Z</published>
<updated>2018-08-27T15:11:47.526Z</updated>
<content type="html"><![CDATA[<p>原文:<a href="https://www.amazon.com/gp/vine/help" target="_blank" rel="external">What is Amazon Vine</a></p><h2 id="Review"><a href="#Review" class="headerlink" title="Review"></a>Review</h2><p>从 16 年开始的一系列政策变化:</p><ul><li>买家必须使用有效的信用卡或借记卡账户,订购至少5美元的订单才可以留评(Amazon会员免费购买除外),之后金额调整为50美元 See <a href="https://www.amazon.com/gp/help/customer/display.html?nodeId=201929730" target="_blank" rel="external">Amazon.com Help: Profile & Community Guidelines</a>。</li><li>Amazon明确禁止通过提供折扣换取评价的行为。</li><li>卖家不得使用第三方机构来发出带折扣或者免费的产品给reviewer换取评价。此政策即刻生效,如果卖家继续用免费或者折扣产品来换取评价,账号有可能被关闭。今后只有通过Amazon VINE VOICE项目组的人来做折扣码或者送测,是合规的。</li></ul><h2 id="Amazon-Vine"><a href="#Amazon-Vine" class="headerlink" title="Amazon Vine"></a>Amazon Vine</h2><p>Vine Program 的宗旨:提供一般买家在购买时能有更多的诚实、专业且没有偏见的评论可以参考。<br>Vine Program 会邀请具有公信力的 Reviewer 测评新商品或是尚未上架的商品,做为一般客户购买商品时参考。</p><p>Vine Program 是要受到亚马逊邀请才能参加的,主要是依照 Reviewer 的排名,Review 的品质和帮助程度(Helpful Vote 多寡),和是否对于某类别的商品有特别专业的 Review。</p><p>例如您是一个园艺类目商品专业人士,并且写了很多该类目商品有帮助且专业的 Review ,就很有机会成为 Vine Voice,亚马逊提供给您 Vine Program 测评商品也大多会属于同类目的商品。</p><p>Amazon 会提供免费商品给 Vine Voice 会员,这些商品必须是有参加 Vine Program 的卖家商品。</p><p>如何成为 Vine Program 测评商品?方式有两种!</p><p>1.Amazon Vendor Central 会邀请某些 品牌卖家 或是 大型制造商 成为会员,接着您的商品就有资格成为 Vine Program 测评商品。</p><p>2.注册 <a href="https://vendorexpress.amazon.com/" target="_blank">Vendor Express</a> 账号并且同意 <a href="https://vendorexpress.amazon.com/termsAndConditions" target="_blank">条款</a> ,这个方法是一般第三方卖家能够成为 Vine Program 会员的唯一途径。Vendor Express 跟一般 Seller Central 的差别在于 Vendor Express 成本较高,审核机制复杂,适合制造商或是有专利商品生产线的卖家,所以不适合大多数卖家,但只要申请成功将可以省去很多学习经营亚马逊的时间,因为亚马逊会为您打理好一切,不过可能也就失去了经营亚马逊店铺的经验和成就感了!</p><p>除了资格不好取得外,还有另外个因素让许多卖家望之却步,就是上架一个 ASIN 您必须额外付出 2500~7000 美元不等的费用(土豪快来~)且每次促销的商品数量限制,依照类别不同一次只能促销 15~100 个商品。即使如此,还是有不少 Vine Vendor 卖家觉得绿色魔力很值得,一次的花费就可以让"Vine Customer Review of Free Product"永久留在商品页面上!</p><p>基本上绝大多数的 VINE 商品都是 Ship and sold by Amazon</p><p>Vine Voice 的评论支持</p><figure class="image-bubble"> <div class="img-lightbox"> <div class="overlay"></div> <img src="../resources/images/105808k9z4t5s9e4t9ce6s.png" alt="" title=""> </div> <div class="image-caption"></div> </figure><h3 id="针对-review-新政我们还能怎么做?"><a href="#针对-review-新政我们还能怎么做?" class="headerlink" title="针对 review 新政我们还能怎么做?"></a>针对 review 新政我们还能怎么做?</h3><ul><li><p>官方认证的途径送测。</p><p> 规则里明确说明你找 Amazon Vine Program 送测是允许的,并没有堵死送测这条路。那接下来你一定想知道,究竟什么是AmazonVine Program,如何成为 VineProgram 测评商品?在这里我就不详细展开了,详细内容可以参考 <a href="http://bbs.ichuanglan.com/thread-44344-1-1.html" target="_blank" rel="external">http://bbs.ichuanglan.com/thread-44344-1-1.html</a>。</p></li><li><p>正常促销。</p><p> 规定里只是要求不以折扣或者赠送的方式去换购产品评价,但是并没有禁止折扣等促销活动,至于通过促销活动而来的review亚马逊将怎么处置并没有明确说明;所以折扣订单自然而来的review,无论是亚马逊是否保留还是移除,只要你没有违规操作,都应该只是买家的原因。</p></li><li><p>PPC推广。</p><p> 通过ppc站内广告提高销售,这个措施是Amazon一直在提倡的。不能再依靠送测超链模式了,这种模式毫无技术含量且风险很大,不要以为放在快递盒里就可以神不知鬼不觉,被查到封了账号就没地儿哭了。</p></li><li><p>定期邮件询问。</p><p> 卖家可以定期询问买家用户体验,间接索评,提醒、引导用户对产品进行一个反馈。但不宜大量向买家发该类邮件,现在亚马逊向买家推出了垃圾邮件屏蔽服务,所以过度索评,只会浪费时间而且买家可能还不会收到邮件。建议方式我在上文有提到,可返回查看。</p></li><li><p>全款刷单</p><p> 造假有风险,刷单要谨慎,如果实在要刷review,我建议全款刷单,虽然成本高,但相对风险低。就是下单之后把订单金额用paypal或者银行转账返还给评测者。卖家会损失掉amazon的15%的订单佣金以及可能涉及到的FBA仓储费等等。</p><ul><li><p>主动联系。</p><p> 如果产品足够好是会有人发邮件主动询问是否可以免费赠送产品为条件,来帮你刷产品review,我司(裹媒跨境)运营过程中就遇到过这个情况。</p></li><li><p>熟人刷单。</p><p> 如果卖家在国外有熟人,千万不要放过这个得天独厚的条件。通过熟人真实购买留评,是一个很好的刷单途径。但是不宜一个账号多次刷review,容易引起亚马逊的注意。</p></li><li><p>外国聊天群(Facebook groups)。一般有2种方式:一种是自己在里面发帖,另外一种是找管理员做promote,然后支付一定的金钱作为回报。这种方法成功率较高,可以快速获取小批量的review,但风险点在于里面可能有reseller(中间商)或者竞争对手在寻找新的产品想法。且反馈有骗子的存在,他们可能会骗产品,然后并没有留review,具体的风险把控还是需要自己注意。</p></li><li><p>社交平台。Facebook、Twitter、Instagram、Pinterest、YouTube等平台,不仅仅可以从中找到刷单人员,甚至也是一个站外引流的好地方!</p></li></ul></li><li><p>建立邮件列表。</p><ul><li><p>被动获取用户 email list。这是一个长期的工作,但是稳定的方法,通常第一个产品做起来会比较困难,但是如果第一个产品积累了足够的用户邮箱,第二个,第三个产品就非常好做Review了。可以通过Instagram,facebook,youtube吸引粉丝,举办营销活动收集到邮箱,不过这就会比较花费时间。</p></li><li><p>主动联系reviewer。被动获取用户email list 是个耗时耗钱的方法,但主动联系reviewer是一个最安全有效的方式,因为定位的用户群非常精准,同时对账号的风险是最低的。所以要想办法主动获取目标用户的邮箱。具体做法是,通过找到目标购买产品和留评论的产品页面,将所有留评论的用户的邮箱信息拿到,给他们发邮件。例如,目标用户群是热爱运动的女性,就去类似卖瑜伽垫,和相关设备的亚马逊listing页面找目标的用户邮箱。但手工找这个邮箱比较麻烦,所以会用到工具amzdiscover。通过这种方法,获取review评论的概率非常大,因为用户精准,时间耗费少,账号风险,风险低,性价比比较高。</p></li></ul></li></ul>]]></content>
<summary type="html">
<p>原文:<a href="https://www.amazon.com/gp/vine/help" target="_blank" rel="external">What is Amazon Vine</a></p>
<h2 id="Review"><a href="#Rev
</summary>
<category term="Amazon" scheme="http://blog.inesoi.com/categories/Amazon/"/>
<category term="amazon" scheme="http://blog.inesoi.com/tags/amazon/"/>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>Amazon open shop</title>
<link href="http://blog.inesoi.com/amazon-open-shop.html"/>
<id>http://blog.inesoi.com/amazon-open-shop.html</id>
<published>2017-12-02T16:00:00.000Z</published>
<updated>2018-07-27T14:52:01.000Z</updated>
<content type="html"><![CDATA[<h2 id="开店"><a href="#开店" class="headerlink" title="开店"></a>开店</h2><ul><li><a href="https://gs.amazon.cn/" target="_blank" rel="external">亚马逊全球开店</a></li><li><a href="https://gs.amazon.cn/amazon-business.htm" target="_blank" rel="external">Amazon Business</a></li><li><a href="https://haimai.amazon.cn/" target="_blank" rel="external">全球开店助手</a></li><li><a href="https://gs.amazon.cn/policy.htm" target="_blank" rel="external">全球开店规则</a></li></ul><h2 id="工具"><a href="#工具" class="headerlink" title="工具"></a>工具</h2><ul><li><a href="http://www.amazon.com/gp/feedback/leave-consolidated-feedback.html" target="_blank" rel="external">Feedback 链接</a> 买家点击此链接可直接进入留feedback页面,找到你的订单即可</li><li><a href="http://www.amazon.com/review/review-your-purchases%23" target="_blank" rel="external">Review 链接</a> 让买家直接打开这个并找到你的产品留评。</li></ul><h2 id="店铺类型"><a href="#店铺类型" class="headerlink" title="店铺类型"></a>店铺类型</h2><p>亚马逊店铺只有两种:</p><ol><li>个人卖家 Individual</li><li>专业卖家 Pro</li></ol><p>两者之间可以切换。</p><h2 id="亚马逊市场"><a href="#亚马逊市场" class="headerlink" title="亚马逊市场"></a>亚马逊市场</h2><p>Amazon 全球14个分站分别是:中国、美国、加拿大、巴西、墨西哥、英国、德国、法国、西班牙、意大利、荷兰、日本、印度、澳大利亚 ;对中国开放的目前有10大站点,常用的站点有,北美账户,欧洲账户,日本账户;</p><p>北美账户覆盖美国,加拿大,墨西哥三个市场,即开启北美账户,意味着你的产品可以同步销售到<a href="http://amazon.comhttp://amazon.ca" target="_blank" rel="external">http://amazon.comhttp://amazon.ca</a> amazon.com.mx;欧洲账户,覆盖英国,法国,德国,意大利,西班牙5个地区,可统一管理,产品可以销售到这5个站点;</p><h2 id="黄页"><a href="#黄页" class="headerlink" title="黄页"></a>黄页</h2><ul><li><a href="http://www.amz123.com/" target="_blank" rel="external">AMZ123 亚马逊卖家网址导航</a></li><li><a href="https://sellercentral.amazon.com/forums/index.jspa" target="_blank" rel="external">Amazon Seller Forums</a></li></ul><h2 id="PrimeDay"><a href="#PrimeDay" class="headerlink" title="PrimeDay"></a>PrimeDay</h2><p>TODO</p><h2 id="A+"><a href="#A+" class="headerlink" title="A+"></a>A+</h2><h2 id="入仓"><a href="#入仓" class="headerlink" title="入仓"></a>入仓</h2><h2 id="FAQ"><a href="#FAQ" class="headerlink" title="FAQ"></a>FAQ</h2><h3 id="北美、欧洲和日本,亚马逊卖家应该如何抉择?"><a href="#北美、欧洲和日本,亚马逊卖家应该如何抉择?" class="headerlink" title="北美、欧洲和日本,亚马逊卖家应该如何抉择?"></a>北美、欧洲和日本,亚马逊卖家应该如何抉择?</h3><blockquote><p>作者:赢商荟老魏<br>链接:<a href="https://www.zhihu.com/question/58600154/answer/157646956" target="_blank" rel="external">https://www.zhihu.com/question/58600154/answer/157646956</a><br>来源:知乎<br>著作权归作者所有。商业转载请联系作者获得授权,非商业转载请注明出处。</p></blockquote><p>和Ebay、速卖通不同,亚马逊的卖家们,要想在亚马逊销售,必须针对不同的站点分别注册才能进行有针对性的销售,当前,对于亚马逊第三方卖家来说,我们可以参与经营的站点包括北美(美国、加拿大、墨西哥),欧洲站(英国、德国、法国、意大利、西班牙)和日本。</p><p>当面对这九个站点时,大部分卖家的选择一般是首选美国,原因在于美国站市场容量大,政策相对宽松,语言方面的难度比较小等等,但选择美国站的卖家也同时面临另外一个情况,那就是平台上卖家众多,竞争激烈,很多类目和产品已经处于白炽化的红海状态。<br>红海竞争激烈,利润空间越来越小,所以,很多卖家开始选择在欧洲站运营,选择欧洲站时,英国和德国成为大家的首选,欧洲站虽然利润较高,竞争也没有那么激烈,但VAT税仿佛是悬在头上的达摩克利斯之剑,你不知道什么时候它会掉下来,击得你粉身碎骨,所以,很多卖家在运营中往往会处于一种忐忑和纠结中。而且,有些卖家已经收到英国税务部门的通知,更有甚者,有卖家的账号已经因为税务部门要求做VAT税务申报账号也被平台暂停销售,所以,VAT税将是很多卖家在下一步运营中面临的一个绕不过的坎。</p><p>相比较而言,日本站因为语言方面的障碍,并没有成为卖家们关注的重点,但亚马逊日本站在最近两年整体销量呈现快速增长的趋势,增幅远远超过其他站点,因为卖家数量少,日本站卖家的销量和利润普遍较高,成了中国卖家可以运营的九个站点中为数不多的蓝海市场。</p><p>在亚马逊日本站,卖家数量少竞争不激烈只是其一,另一方面,因为中日两国相邻,物流成本低,时效快,对于卖家来说,在运营层面上会比欧洲站容易许多,而且,和欧洲各国相比,日本没有VAT税,运营中受政策层面上的影响较小。<br>虽然选择在日本站运营有有利因素,但想进入经营,选择优秀的日语运营人员是基础条件,语言障碍之外,卖家还需要有针对性的思考日本市场的选品。和欧美市场不同的是,日本国土面积小,人口比较密集,各种线下购物相对来说比较方便,这就要求卖家在选品时尽量避免选择价值太低的产品,除了价格之外,卖家还要避免选择日本自身具有优势的电子产品以及像马桶盖、电饭煲之类的产品,比较适合的产品是中国具有优势的产品,比如中国的纺织品等。</p><p>同时,运营过亚马逊各个站点的卖家一定能够感觉到,在对产品品质要求方面,日本顾客显然对品质标准要求更高,既要求高品质,同时还要求各种信息的精准,甚至包括产品说明书都需要尽可能的提供日文说明书才好。在产品规格方面,卖家也同样需要做到精准,因为日本居家面积偏小,如果购买的日常物件过大,实际空间就会不相配,所以,卖家在销售家居类或者家具类产品时,一定要在产品尺寸上做精细把握,否则,一颗粗枝大叶的心,恐怕难以在精细的日本市场获取期望的利润。</p>]]></content>
<summary type="html">
<h2 id="开店"><a href="#开店" class="headerlink" title="开店"></a>开店</h2><ul>
<li><a href="https://gs.amazon.cn/" target="_blank" rel="external">亚
</summary>
<category term="Amazon" scheme="http://blog.inesoi.com/categories/Amazon/"/>
<category term="amazon" scheme="http://blog.inesoi.com/tags/amazon/"/>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>外贸基础</title>
<link href="http://blog.inesoi.com/fs-why.html"/>
<id>http://blog.inesoi.com/fs-why.html</id>
<published>2015-11-05T16:00:00.000Z</published>
<updated>2018-08-19T10:09:33.811Z</updated>
<content type="html"><![CDATA[<h2 id="Professionalism"><a href="#Professionalism" class="headerlink" title="Professionalism"></a>Professionalism</h2><ul><li>了解市场</li><li>懂谈判</li><li>专注细节</li><li>了解验货标准</li><li>培养独特的思维方式</li><li>危机处理的手段和意识</li><li>了解海外市场和一些区域市场</li><li>了解测试要求和相关法律法规</li><li>懂付款,懂单证</li><li>懂人文文化</li></ul><h2 id="Be-yourself-be-your-sole"><a href="#Be-yourself-be-your-sole" class="headerlink" title="Be yourself, be your sole"></a>Be yourself, be your sole</h2><pre><code>Be yourself, be your sole</code></pre><h2 id="Some-wrong-issues-amp-thinking-ways"><a href="#Some-wrong-issues-amp-thinking-ways" class="headerlink" title="Some wrong issues & thinking ways"></a>Some wrong issues & thinking ways</h2><ul><li>No price advantage, no quality advantage, how can i develop customers and get orders?</li><li>Platform is not good. No fairs, no B2B, how could I proceed?</li><li>We’re a trading company, not a factory. It is difficult to get orders.</li><li>Our product is raw material, our product is technical machinery, ect. I can’t make several suggestions on the packaging, the logo, the size, and so on.</li><li>Our products belong to standard items, with no differentiation. No cutomers will only focus on the price.</li></ul><h3 id="Price-amp-Quality"><a href="#Price-amp-Quality" class="headerlink" title="Price & Quality"></a>Price & Quality</h3><p>It is most confused by junior sales rep(初级销售代表), especially by green hand(新手).</p><p>But actually, customer will not choose the best price or best quality. Because it couldn’t be calculated. They have to find a reference substance for comparison. If you cometitor quoted USD3.5/pc, so you offer USD4.2/pc was expensive.</p><p>However, if you couldn’t let customer to find a ref substance? What is the result? Cusomer cannot figure out the pricing is good or not. He could only compare with the retail price to evaluate the price, with no toher choice.</p><p>Then, quality, what is the most evidence? I think the testing report or testing regulation is the must. You could show customer your testing report or cert to demonstrate the quality.</p>]]></content>
<summary type="html">
<h2 id="Professionalism"><a href="#Professionalism" class="headerlink" title="Professionalism"></a>Professionalism</h2><ul>
<li>了解市场</li>
<l
</summary>
<category term="Trade" scheme="http://blog.inesoi.com/categories/Trade/"/>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>Alibaba - 营销</title>
<link href="http://blog.inesoi.com/alibaba-marketing.html"/>
<id>http://blog.inesoi.com/alibaba-marketing.html</id>
<published>2015-10-22T16:00:00.000Z</published>
<updated>2018-08-19T10:09:33.811Z</updated>
<content type="html"><![CDATA[<p><a href="http://waimaoquan.alibaba.com/bbs/read-htm-tid-1934693-1-fid-253.html" target="_blank" rel="external">【官方帖】旺旺实时营销(5.7更新) -询盘和客户- 阿里巴巴外贸圈外贸论坛</a></p>]]></content>
<summary type="html">
<p><a href="http://waimaoquan.alibaba.com/bbs/read-htm-tid-1934693-1-fid-253.html" target="_blank" rel="external">【官方帖】旺旺实时营销(5.7更新) -询盘和客户-
</summary>
<category term="Bag" scheme="http://blog.inesoi.com/categories/Bag/"/>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>如何快速找到你的标杆同行并分析出他们的橱窗关键词</title>
<link href="http://blog.inesoi.com/alibaba-compitors.html"/>
<id>http://blog.inesoi.com/alibaba-compitors.html</id>
<published>2015-10-21T16:00:00.000Z</published>
<updated>2018-08-19T10:09:33.811Z</updated>
<content type="html"><![CDATA[<p><a href="http://waimaoquan.alibaba.com/bbs/read-htm-tid-2434037-1-fid-205.html" target="_blank" rel="external">数据管家—知己—我的产品升级啦! -数据管家- 阿里巴巴外贸圈外贸论坛</a></p><p><strong>如何找出你的标杆同行(Top10)再分析出他们的橱窗关键词【干货】</strong> <strong><br>阿里国际站绝大多数海外客户都是通过搜索关键词来寻找合适的供应商,关键词就是营销客户的重要纽带,如果关键词没有选择好,就像射箭没有对准靶子,很多工作都是无效的。那些做得非常好的</strong>标杆同行选择的关键词**就是我们学习的参照的重要依据! 俗话说,知彼知己百战不殆!<br>如何找到自己行业的标杆(Top10)同行呢?怎么知道这些标杆同行使用哪些关键词呢?<br>下面通过这个案例告诉大家!<br>第一步,找到自己的标杆同行 </p><ol><li>以mp3 player为例子,在阿里巴巴首页搜索你的行业关键词,例如mp3 player<br><img src="../resources/images/640" alt="" title="点击查看原图"> </li><li>拖到搜索页面的最底部,<strong>Popular Buying Requests for “**</strong>mp3 player<strong>**”,</strong>这些供应商是阿里智能挑选出这个关键词(mp3 player)做的相对比较好的标杆企业。<br><img src="../resources/images/640" alt="" title="点击查看原图"><br>注意,位置在搜索页面的底部,“<strong>Popular Buying Requests for</strong> <strong>关键词”就是这些阿里智能推荐的标杆企业。</strong> </li><li>用他的公司名称,再去阿里搜索Supplier,获得标杆企业的阿里国际站网站(<a href="http://**.en.alibaba.com)" target="_blank" rel="external">http://**.en.alibaba.com)</a><br><img src="../resources/images/640" alt="" title="点击查看原图"><br>注意,不是选择产品,而且用同行名称搜索供应商!<br>第二步,分析同行用了哪些关键词 </li><li>进入阿里外贸导航<a href="http://www.vgmc.cn" target="_blank" rel="external">http://www.vgmc.cn</a> 点击同行橱窗查询<br><img src="../resources/images/640" alt="" title="点击查看原图"> </li><li>输入同行的国际站网站,点击查询<br><img src="../resources/images/640" alt="" title="点击查看原图"><br>非常简单,同行设置的橱窗关键词就完全一览无遗了!<br>此外,再推荐一个免费的长尾关键词工具给大家。<br><a href="http://www.vgmc.cn/seo/longkey.html" target="_blank" rel="external">http://www.vgmc.cn/seo/longkey.html</a> **</li></ol><p><strong>图片:image011.png**</strong><figure class="image-bubble"> <div class="img-lightbox"> <div class="overlay"></div> <img src="../resources/images/640" alt="" title=""> </div> <div class="image-caption"></div> </figure>** </p><p><strong><figure class="image-bubble"> <div class="img-lightbox"> <div class="overlay"></div> <img src="../resources/images/640" alt="" title=""> </div> <div class="image-caption"></div> </figure></strong></p>]]></content>
<summary type="html">
<p><a href="http://waimaoquan.alibaba.com/bbs/read-htm-tid-2434037-1-fid-205.html" target="_blank" rel="external">数据管家—知己—我的产品升级啦! -数据管家- 阿里
</summary>
<category term="Trade" scheme="http://blog.inesoi.com/categories/Trade/"/>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>Alibaba - 标题设置</title>
<link href="http://blog.inesoi.com/alibaba-title.html"/>
<id>http://blog.inesoi.com/alibaba-title.html</id>
<published>2015-10-18T16:00:00.000Z</published>
<updated>2018-08-19T10:09:33.810Z</updated>
<content type="html"><![CDATA[<p>产品名称是买家搜索的第一匹配要素,名称的设置决定了买家是否能精准的搜索定位到你的产品,换句话说(同等产品信息质量的前提下)产品名称书写是否专业,决定了你的产品排名是否靠前。</p><p>好标题的基本模板:</p><ol><li>具有基本属性特征,大小,规格,材质,型号等。</li><li>区别于同行的特征:认证,特别市场,促销或独家卖点。</li></ol><p>基本模板:属性 1 + 属性 2 + 产品关键词, + (区别于同行的特征)</p><h2 id="和搜索词的相关性"><a href="#和搜索词的相关性" class="headerlink" title="和搜索词的相关性"></a>和搜索词的相关性</h2><p>以Snake sandal 举例:</p><p>如果买家在用Snake sandal 搜索产品的时,以下三种标题描述方式,从文本相关性上讲,都是一样的</p><ul><li>New model sexys woman shoes summer Snake print sandals 2014 </li><li>2014 Ladies nice snake skin hemp sole wedge sandals </li><li>Thong sandal snake cross</li></ul><p>所以不要盲目为了买家搜索词而不断新发产品、重复铺货。</p><h2 id="核心关键词后置"><a href="#核心关键词后置" class="headerlink" title="核心关键词后置"></a>核心关键词后置</h2><p>核心关键词后置,修饰词放前面。</p><p>修饰词 + 修饰词 + … + 核心词</p><p>18mm Black Film Faced Plywood</p><h2 id="for-和-with"><a href="#for-和-with" class="headerlink" title="for 和 with"></a>for 和 with</h2><p>产品名称中加 for 和 with 突出产品属性和用途的情况——标题中也可使用 with/for ,核心词在with/for前面。</p><p>China <strong>steel pipe</strong> export factory with astm jis din standard steel pipe </p><p>这个名称中核心词steel pipe放在了最后,但是也是错误的,因为在有with或者for系统会判断with\for前面的是核心词 </p><p>可以写成:</p><p><strong>steel pipe</strong> with ASTM DIN JIS Standard </p><p>再举个正确的例子:</p><ol><li>15mm film <strong>faced plywood</strong> for construction</li><li>full automatic <strong>packing machine</strong> with CE certificated</li></ol><h2 id="产品名称长度"><a href="#产品名称长度" class="headerlink" title="产品名称长度"></a>产品名称长度</h2><p>产品名称长度要适当,产品的名称能恰当的突出产品优势特性就最好!不要过短,也不要过长。买家搜索词是有50个字符限制的 ,名称写的太长了就跟买家搜索词匹配度不高。不要忘了:产品名称即产品标题是买家搜索的第一匹配要素。</p><h2 id="产品名称罗列和堆砌问题"><a href="#产品名称罗列和堆砌问题" class="headerlink" title="产品名称罗列和堆砌问题"></a>产品名称罗列和堆砌问题</h2><p>不要把多个关键词在名称中重复累加</p><p>产品标题中含多个不同的名称,买家用这些不同的名称搜索都能搜索到该产品吗?其实这是个误区,产品名称罗列和堆砌不但不会提升您产品的曝光可能,反而会降低您的产品与买家搜索词匹配的精度,从而影响搜索结果,影响排序。</p><p>Automatic sugar <strong>packaging machinery</strong>, salt <strong>packing maching</strong>, grain <strong>wrapping maching</strong></p><p>正确写法:</p><p>Automactic sugar packaging machinery</p><h2 id="特殊符号"><a href="#特殊符号" class="headerlink" title="特殊符号"></a>特殊符号</h2><p>产品名称中的特殊符号——慎用特殊符号</p><p>产品名称中慎用特殊符号 “/”、“ –”、 “( )”等,可能被系统默认成无法识别字符,影响排序。如需使用,请在符号前后加空格。</p><h2 id="See"><a href="#See" class="headerlink" title="See"></a>See</h2><ul><li><a href="http://service.alibaba.com/supplier/faq_detail/10469630.htm?id=10469630&tracelog=ma_zsky_cpmc#1" target="_blank" rel="external">如何设置产品名称? - 常见问题</a></li></ul>]]></content>
<summary type="html">
<p>产品名称是买家搜索的第一匹配要素,名称的设置决定了买家是否能精准的搜索定位到你的产品,换句话说(同等产品信息质量的前提下)产品名称书写是否专业,决定了你的产品排名是否靠前。</p>
<p>好标题的基本模板:</p>
<ol>
<li>具有基本属性特征,大小,规格,材质,型号
</summary>
<category term="Trade" scheme="http://blog.inesoi.com/categories/Trade/"/>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>Alibaba - 关键词设置</title>
<link href="http://blog.inesoi.com/alibaba-keywords.html"/>
<id>http://blog.inesoi.com/alibaba-keywords.html</id>
<published>2015-10-17T16:00:00.000Z</published>
<updated>2018-08-19T10:09:33.810Z</updated>
<content type="html"><![CDATA[<p>作用:产品关键词是对产品名称的校正,便于机器快速识别准确抓取匹配。跟您的产品排在第几名是没有关系的。</p><p>一个产品的多种叫法可以在关键词中体现,如“手机”的关键词可以是cellphone或mobile phone等。</p><p>See <a href="http://service.alibaba.com/supplier/faq_detail/10469854.htm?id=10469854&tracelog=ma_zsky_cpgjc#wuqu" target="_blank" rel="external">如何设置产品关键词? - 常见问题</a></p><h2 id="高质量关键词表"><a href="#高质量关键词表" class="headerlink" title="高质量关键词表"></a>高质量关键词表</h2><ul><li><a href="http://waimaoquan.alibaba.com/px/detail/video.htm?courseId=2344" target="_blank" rel="external">阿里巴巴与十四大道——妈妈-阿里巴巴培训之家</a></li><li><a href="http://waimaoquan.alibaba.com/px/detail/video.htm?courseId=2345" target="_blank" rel="external">http://waimaoquan.alibaba.com/px/detail/video.htm?courseId=2345</a></li><li><a href="http://waimaoquan.alibaba.com/px/detail/video.htm?courseId=2670" target="_blank" rel="external">如何最少产品覆盖最多关键词</a></li></ul><p>产品名称和产片关键字常用的组合方式:</p><ol><li><p>产品名称 = 修饰语 + ABK</p><p> K1 = K;K2 = BK;K3 = ABK</p><p> 如: [Factory Price Mature Fuji] [Fresh] [Red] Apple</p><p> K1 = apple; K2 = red apple; K3 = fresh red apple</p></li><li><p>产品名称 = 修饰语 + AKB</p><p> K1 = K; K2 = AK; K3 = KB</p></li><li><p>产品名称 = 修饰语 + AKB, K2</p><p> K1 = AK, K2 = KB, K3 = K2</p><p> [Factory Price Mature Fujian] [red apple fresh], [red star apple]</p><p> K1 = red apple, K2 = apple fresh, K3 = red start apple</p></li><li><p>产品名称 = 修饰语 + AKB, CKD</p><p> K1 = AK, K2 = KB, K3 = CK(或 KD)</p><p> [Factory Price] Red Apple Fresh, Fuji Apple Mature</p><p> K1 = Red Apple, K2 = Apple Fresh, K3 = Fuji Apple</p></li><li><p>产品名称 = 修饰 + K1, K2, K3</p><p> K1 = K1, K2 = K2, K3 = K3</p><p> [Factory Price] golden delicious apple, red chief apple, fresh apple fruit for sals</p><p> K1 = golden delicious apple, K2 = red chief apple, fresh apple gruit for sale</p></li></ol><p>### 阿里站内搜索</p><ul><li>数据管家/热门搜索词</li><li>数据管家/我的词</li><li>数据管家/我的产品/词来源</li><li>P4P 词。外贸直通车/行业关联词</li><li>蓝海词。发布产品时出现的蓝海词推荐,不是热门搜索词,但是一旦曝光,转化率较高。</li><li>数据管家/行业视角/淘词</li><li>首页关联词<ul><li>主页搜索框中根据输入推荐的关键词。</li><li>搜索结果页面的 “Related Searches”</li></ul></li><li>同行词/源代码 在同行的产品页面,查看其源代码,查看 keywords 的内容。</li><li>外贸邮/买家最近搜索</li><li>数据管家/访客详情/常用搜索词</li><li>数据管家/RFQ 商机</li></ul><p>### 阿里站外搜索</p><ul><li><a href="https://adwords.google.com" target="_blank" rel="external">Google AdWords</a></li><li><a href="https://translate.google.com/globalmarketfinder/g/index.html" target="_blank" rel="external">谷歌全球商机洞察</a></li><li>国外各大搜索引擎及关键词工具<ul><li><a href="http://www.wordtracker.com/" target="_blank" rel="external">Keyword Research Tools from Wordtracker</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="http://keywordtool.io/" target="_blank" rel="external">http://keywordtool.io/</a></li></ul><h2 id="关键词搜索工具汇总"><a href="#关键词搜索工具汇总" class="headerlink" title="关键词搜索工具汇总"></a>关键词搜索工具汇总</h2><ol><li><p>谷歌全球商机洞察,查找英文关键词请看具体操作链接 </p><p> <a href="http://waimaoquan.alibaba.com/bbs/read-htm-tid-474111-fid-47.html" target="_blank" rel="external">http://waimaoquan.alibaba.com/bbs/read-htm-tid-474111-fid-47.html</a> </p><p> 面对如今的多语言蓝海市场,这个工具发挥更大作用,因为使用这个工具可以看到很多国家的关键词,全世界各个国家的官方语言,都会有对应的产品关键词,比如巴西官方语言是葡萄牙语,在巴西这个国家下面就能够显示葡萄牙语关键词,其他国家依此类推,具体操作链接如下: </p></li><li><p>Keywordspy, 具体操作链接</p><p> <a href="http://waimaoquan.alibaba.com/bbs/read-htm-tid-713647-fid-47.html" target="_blank" rel="external">http://waimaoquan.alibaba.com/bbs/read-htm-tid-713647-fid-47.html</a> </p><p> 这个网站不仅可以获取一些关键词,还可以看到同行一些国际品牌的网站。另外,每个关键词有搜索热度和点击付费参考,这对我们操作P4P有一定借鉴作用。</p></li></ol><ol><li><p>Triplify,具体操作链接</p><p> <a href="http://waimaoquan.alibaba.com/bbs/read-htm-tid-719261-fid-47.html" target="_blank" rel="external">http://waimaoquan.alibaba.com/bbs/read-htm-tid-719261-fid-47.html</a> </p><p> 这个工具不用注册直接输入产品关键词搜索就可以看到同行的网站,从他们的网站不仅可以搜集关键词,还可以开发客户,最好的卖家就是最好的买家,询盘少有空可以发开发信给他们,主动出击。 </p></li></ol><ol><li><p>Keyworddiscovery,具体操作链接 </p><p> <a href="http://waimaoquan.alibaba.com/bbs/read-htm-tid-724925-fid-47.html" target="_blank" rel="external">http://waimaoquan.alibaba.com/bbs/read-htm-tid-724925-fid-47.html</a> </p><p> 这个因为是免费版的,搜索结果有限,分享只是希望大家能多了解一种关键词搜索工具,虽然得到关键词不多,但可以扩充知识,有兴趣的可以试试。</p></li></ol><ol><li><p>Wordtracker,具体操作链接</p><p> <a href="http://waimaoquan.alibaba.com/bbs/read-htm-tid-721801-fid-47.html" target="_blank" rel="external">http://waimaoquan.alibaba.com/bbs/read-htm-tid-721801-fid-47.html</a> </p><p> 这个工具因为我没有那几种信用卡号,注册不了,有信用卡的朋友可以试试。</p></li></ol><ol><li><p>关键词延伸表,具体操作链接如下: </p><p> <a href="http://waimaoquan.alibaba.com/bbs/read-htm-tid-732901-fid-47.html" target="_blank" rel="external">http://waimaoquan.alibaba.com/bbs/read-htm-tid-732901-fid-47.html</a> </p><p> 以上6种方法是扩展关键词工具,如果在阿里平台发布产品,首先要把阿里数据管家热门搜索词全部覆盖,再用以上6种工具扩充,不要本末倒置哦。</p></li></ol>]]></content>
<summary type="html">
<p>作用:产品关键词是对产品名称的校正,便于机器快速识别准确抓取匹配。跟您的产品排在第几名是没有关系的。</p>
<p>一个产品的多种叫法可以在关键词中体现,如“手机”的关键词可以是cellphone或mobile phone等。</p>
<p>See <a href="htt
</summary>
<category term="Trade" scheme="http://blog.inesoi.com/categories/Trade/"/>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>箱包 - Message Bag</title>
<link href="http://blog.inesoi.com/bag-message-bag.html"/>
<id>http://blog.inesoi.com/bag-message-bag.html</id>
<published>2015-10-12T16:00:00.000Z</published>
<updated>2018-08-19T10:09:33.809Z</updated>
<content type="html"><![CDATA[<h2 id="分类"><a href="#分类" class="headerlink" title="分类"></a>分类</h2><ul><li>Laptop Messenger Bags (523)</li><li>Messenger Bags (887)</li><li>Shoulder Messenger Bags (282)</li><li>Slings (264)</li></ul><h2 id="Message-Bag-Feature"><a href="#Message-Bag-Feature" class="headerlink" title="Message Bag Feature"></a>Message Bag Feature</h2><ul><li>Anti-Theft (9)</li><li>Checkpoint Friendly (16)</li><li>eBags Exclusive (4)</li><li>Eco Friendly (20)</li><li>Holds Yoga Mat (1)</li><li>iPad & Tablet Pocket (125)</li><li>Kindle & eReader Pocket (30)</li><li>Luggage Strap (287)</li><li>Made in the USA (4)</li><li>Organizer Panel (298)</li><li>Premium (15)</li><li>RFID Blocking (11)</li><li>Vertical (104)</li><li>Waist Belt (5)</li><li>Water Bottle Pocket (28)</li><li>Water Resistant (14)</li><li>Without Laptop Pocket (141)</li></ul><p>Boys (3)<br>Girls (33)<br>Kids (10)<br>Men’s (787)<br>Women’s (168)</p><h2 id="Lining"><a href="#Lining" class="headerlink" title="Lining"></a>Lining</h2><p>TPU liner</p><h2 id="专业名词"><a href="#专业名词" class="headerlink" title="专业名词"></a>专业名词</h2><ul><li>floating pad 移动垫</li><li>laptop compartment </li><li>front flap 前盖</li><li>lined(internal) pocket for phone or sunglasses 内里口袋</li><li>Slip rear pocket 后滑袋</li><li>shoulder strap 肩带</li><li>tablet slip pocket 平板滑带</li><li>zippered pocket 拉链口袋<ul><li>Internal see-through zippered pocket 透明口袋</li></ul></li><li>Side water bottle pockets 侧水瓶袋</li><li>compression straps 压缩带</li><li>front zip pocket 前幅拉链袋</li><li>Mesh beverage pockets 网状饮料袋</li><li>Flapover construction with two hidden magnetic closures 带隐藏磁扣的盖结构</li><li>rear exterior full length open pocket 尾部全长袋</li><li>Suspended Back Panel with integrated trolley system attachment 旅行箱停靠面板</li><li>Velcro front closure 魔术贴</li><li>Fleece-lined computer pocket 背绒计算机口袋</li><li>key clip 钥匙扣</li><li>Easy grip top handle 易握手柄</li><li>Trolley slip pocket at back</li><li>Pushlock</li></ul><p>Exterior zippered pocket on flap has moisture-shedding reverse coil zipper 反向防潮拉链。</p><p>Fully adjustable shoulder strap with a permanent, super comfortable airmesh strap pad. 网状肩垫。</p><p>Back pass through secures the bag to the handle of your wheeled travel piece 后手提的好处。</p><p>Dedicated tablet slip pocket with soft nylex lining 常用于隔离 tablet 的里布。</p><h2 id="Description"><a href="#Description" class="headerlink" title="Description"></a>Description</h2><ul><li><a href="http://www.ebags.com/product/stm-bags/trust-medium-shoulder-bag/274917?productid=10368116" target="_blank" rel="external">STM Bags Trust Medium Shoulder Bag - eBags.com</a></li></ul>]]></content>
<summary type="html">
<h2 id="分类"><a href="#分类" class="headerlink" title="分类"></a>分类</h2><ul>
<li>Laptop Messenger Bags (523)</li>
<li>Messenger Bags (887)</li>
<
</summary>
<category term="Bag" scheme="http://blog.inesoi.com/categories/Bag/"/>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>箱包 - 化妆包</title>
<link href="http://blog.inesoi.com/bag-cosmetic-bag.html"/>
<id>http://blog.inesoi.com/bag-cosmetic-bag.html</id>
<published>2015-10-07T16:00:00.000Z</published>
<updated>2018-08-19T10:09:33.809Z</updated>
<content type="html"><![CDATA[<p>Toiletry Kit/Cosmetic Bag</p><p>Pack-it-Flat Toiletry Kit</p><p>Cosmetic Pouch</p><p>Durable, lightweight and water repellent</p><p>Freezable Lunch Bag with Zip Closure</p><p>Extra Large Insulated Cooler Bag </p><h2 id="Feature"><a href="#Feature" class="headerlink" title="Feature"></a>Feature</h2><p>Water-resistant and anti-staining properties</p><p>Main compartment is wet/dry to keep leaks from spreading?</p><p>Rubber feet lift kit off wet surfaces</p><h3 id="Waterproof"><a href="#Waterproof" class="headerlink" title="Waterproof"></a>Waterproof</h3><p>Water-resistant interior for easy cleaning</p><h3 id="Hanging-hook"><a href="#Hanging-hook" class="headerlink" title="Hanging hook"></a>Hanging hook</h3><p>Includes a removable hanging hook for those who prefer a countertop kit</p><p>Hangs conveniently for easy access</p><p>Stow-away swivel non-slip hook for versatile hanging options</p><p>Top hook allows case to hang from a shower bar or towel rack</p><p><img src="../resources/images/cosmetic-bag-hanging-hook.jpeg" height="500"></p><p>Hang strap fits over most hooks and towel bars</p><h3 id="Compartments"><a href="#Compartments" class="headerlink" title="Compartments"></a>Compartments</h3><p>Four separate compartments, each 2.25”D x 9.25”W - center section is 7.75” wide and right side expands to 3.5”</p><p>Center section - 7.75” wide - has a cut-away opening to hold things in place when hanging</p><p>Two mesh retainer pockets with elastic binding and an upper mesh pocket that nests into the opening when closed</p><p>Left section is 3.75” wide and lined with PVC film to store damp contents</p><p>Right section measures 2.5” wide and the expansion zipper increases the width to 3-1/2” wide</p><p><img src="../resources/images/cosmetic-compartments.jpeg" height="500"></p><p>Roomy compartment holds full size bottles or clothing</p><p>Adjustable fastener keeps it closed for convenient packing, Multiple pockets and compartments for maximum organization</p><p><img src="../resources/images/cosmetic-fastener.jpeg" height="500"></p><h3 id="Organizer"><a href="#Organizer" class="headerlink" title="Organizer"></a>Organizer</h3><p>Cosmetic organizer zips to form travel case</p><h3 id="Elastic-loops"><a href="#Elastic-loops" class="headerlink" title="Elastic loops"></a>Elastic loops</h3><p>Elastic loops holds bottles upright</p><h3 id="Top-grab-handle-and-removable-shoulder-strap"><a href="#Top-grab-handle-and-removable-shoulder-strap" class="headerlink" title="Top grab handle and removable shoulder strap"></a>Top grab handle and removable shoulder strap</h3><p>top handle for easy carrying.</p><h3 id="main-compartment"><a href="#main-compartment" class="headerlink" title="main compartment"></a>main compartment</h3><p>Large main compartment features mesh divider, zippered pocket and pocket with easy-to-clean antibacterial lining helping to prevent the growth of odor-, mildew- and mold-causing bacteria</p><p>Double zip openings reveals main compartment</p><p><img src="../resources/images/cosmetic-double-opening-zip.jpeg" height="500"></p><p>Easy-access doctor bag-style opening</p><p><img src="../resources/images/cosmetic-doctor-stype.jpeg" height="500"></p><h3 id="silnylon-ripstop"><a href="#silnylon-ripstop" class="headerlink" title="silnylon ripstop"></a>silnylon ripstop</h3><p>Ultra lightweight silnylon ripstop allows for visibility of contents</p><h2 id="Pockets"><a href="#Pockets" class="headerlink" title="Pockets"></a>Pockets</h2><p>Inside zip pocket and elastic compartments.</p><h2 id="Explain-3-1-1-Rule-for-Air-Travel"><a href="#Explain-3-1-1-Rule-for-Air-Travel" class="headerlink" title="Explain 3-1-1 Rule for Air Travel"></a>Explain 3-1-1 Rule for Air Travel</h2><p>See <a href="http://traveltips.usatoday.com/explain-3-1-1-rule-air-travel-11207.html" target="_blank" rel="external">http://traveltips.usatoday.com/explain-3-1-1-rule-air-travel-11207.html</a></p><p>The Transportation Security Administration, or TSA, sets and enforces the rules for air travel in the United States. Its 3-1-1 rule limits the amount of liquid a passenger can bring on in airplane in his carry-on baggage. These limits were put in place in 2006, following a foiled plot to bomb airplanes using liquids as explosives. Knowing the 3-1-1 rules can help you pack successfully for your trip.</p><h3 id="Rules"><a href="#Rules" class="headerlink" title="Rules"></a>Rules</h3><p>The 3-1-1 rule limits the amount of liquid you can bring on an airplane in your carry-on luggage. Passengers are limited to using containers no larger than <strong>3</strong>.4 oz. for their liquids. All containers of liquid which must be placed in a <strong>1 qt</strong>., transparent, plastic, sealable bag. <strong>Each passenger</strong> may have only one bag for liquids. Passengers can bring on as many 3.4-oz. containers as they can fit in the quart-sized bag when it is sealed.</p><h3 id="Exceptions"><a href="#Exceptions" class="headerlink" title="Exceptions"></a>Exceptions</h3><p>The TSA allows a very limited number of exceptions to the 3-1-1 rule. Passengers can pack in their carry-on bags medicine, baby formula and food, breast milk, liquids such as water or orange juice for passengers with a special condition and frozen items–even if the item exceeds the 3-1-1 limits. The TSA says passengers should carry on only what will be needed during the flight but does not place a specific volume limit, saying only that these exceptions are allowed in “reasonable quantities.”</p><h2 id="Prop"><a href="#Prop" class="headerlink" title="Prop"></a>Prop</h2><p>CA Prop 65 compliant hardware (no lead, nickel or cadmium)</p><p>Eco friendly. HADAKI products are AZO free. We use no Phthalates/DEHP, DBP, or BOP.</p>]]></content>
<summary type="html">
<p>Toiletry Kit/Cosmetic Bag</p>
<p>Pack-it-Flat Toiletry Kit</p>
<p>Cosmetic Pouch</p>
<p>Durable, lightweight and water repellent</p>
<p>F
</summary>
<category term="Bag" scheme="http://blog.inesoi.com/categories/Bag/"/>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>箱包 - 冰包</title>
<link href="http://blog.inesoi.com/bag-cooler-bag.html"/>
<id>http://blog.inesoi.com/bag-cooler-bag.html</id>
<published>2015-10-07T16:00:00.000Z</published>
<updated>2018-08-19T10:09:33.809Z</updated>
<content type="html"><![CDATA[<h2 id="Category"><a href="#Category" class="headerlink" title="Category"></a>Category</h2><p>Coolers & Insulated Bags</p><ul><li>Lunch Bags</li><li>Coolers</li><li>Bottle Holders & Flasks</li></ul><h2 id="Lining"><a href="#Lining" class="headerlink" title="Lining"></a>Lining</h2><p>Bottom “cold” compartment is insulated on all six sides and has a welded replaceable PVC-free <strong>PEVA</strong> liner</p><p>Lining is made of <strong>BOPET</strong> material. This lining complies with the lead standards mandated by the state of California</p><p>PVC, BPA & Phthalate-free</p><p>Foil lining</p><p>PVC-, BPA-, phthalate- and lead-free</p><p>vinyl lining</p><p>Gray PEVA lining is easy to clean and PVC free</p><p>常用的里布:</p><ul><li><p>Aluminum + PEVA Lining</p></li><li><p>Aluminum Foil</p><p> <img src="../resources/images/lunch-bag-lining-foil.jpeg" height="500"></p></li><li><p>EVA</p><p> <img src="../resources/images/lunch-bag-lining-eva.jpeg" height="500"></p></li><li><p>PEVA</p></li></ul><p><img src="../resources/images/lunch-bag-lining-peva.jpeg" height="500"></p><ul><li><p>BOPET</p><p> 应该就是铝膜。</p></li><li><p>PVC/vinyl</p></li></ul><h2 id="Cooler"><a href="#Cooler" class="headerlink" title="Cooler"></a>Cooler</h2><p>.35mm thick PEVA</p><p>25% more foam - stay cooler larger.</p><h2 id="Material"><a href="#Material" class="headerlink" title="Material"></a>Material</h2><h3 id="EVA-vs-PEVA"><a href="#EVA-vs-PEVA" class="headerlink" title="EVA vs PEVA"></a>EVA vs PEVA</h3><p>See <a href="http://www.debralynndadd.com/q-a/peva-vs-eva-shower-curtain/" target="_blank" rel="external">PEVA vs. EVA shower curtain - Live Toxic Free</a></p><p><strong>Question from HEG</strong></p><p>I went to Target looking for alternatives to vinyl shower curtains and I found both EVA and PEVA ones. What is the difference and is there one that is less toxic than the other?</p><p>Thank you</p><p><strong>Debra’s Answer</strong></p><p>PEVA is a nontoxic vinyl (it doesn’t have the chlorine molecule that makes PVC toxic). I used a PEVA shower curtain in a rented apartment for three months. It worked great and doesn’t smell at all.</p><p>EVA is Ethylene vinyl acetate, a copolymer of ethylene and vinyl acetate.</p><p>Both of these are plastics made from petrochemicals, but they have very low toxicity.</p><p>Either a PEVA or an EVA shower curtain would be better than a PVC shower curtain.</p><h3 id="PVC-vs-PEVA"><a href="#PVC-vs-PEVA" class="headerlink" title="PVC vs PEVA"></a>PVC vs PEVA</h3><p>See <a href="http://www.gorillamarketing.net/news/pvc-vs-peva.html" target="_blank" rel="external">PVC vs PEVA: What’s the difference?</a></p><p>Most consumers will know PVC by the commonly used name “vinyl”. PVC is short for polyvinyl chloride, and is most notably used to line shower curtains and other items made of plastic. So what is PEVA, you ask? PEVA is an alternative to PVC. Polyethylene vinyl acetate (PEVA) is a non-chlorinated vinyl and has become the common substitute in several products on the market. </p><p><img src="../resources/images/plastic%20vinyl.jpg" alt="" title="plastic vinyl"></p><p>WAIT! This does not mean you need to throw out products made with PVC! Vinyl exists in many of the products we know and use today. It is one of the most widely produced plastic in the world! While there are other, safer options, the health risks for vinyl are minimal and only exist with acute exposure. So, unless you are living and working in a vinyl-lined room with all vinyl products, your exposure level is low. We only hope to give you more information about the products you most commonly buy and use, not to worry you.</p><p>Big words for small items, right? Consumers are becoming more conscientious of the products they purchase and we work with suppliers that offer products made with PEVA. A smart consumer is one who is aware of <a href="http://www.gorillamarketing.net/poly-pure-bottle.html" target="_blank" rel="external">safer and healthier products</a> that exist on the market. Just because PEVA is chlorine free, it doesn’t make it perfect, but it makes it better. What types of products are being made with PEVA? The most common items are table coverings, car covers, cosmetic bags, baby bibs, lunch coolers, and suit/clothes covers, but as the trend picks up steam, there are sure to be more products made with PEVA.</p><figure class="image-bubble"> <div class="img-lightbox"> <div class="overlay"></div> <img src="../resources/images/car%20cover.jpg" alt="" title=""> </div> <div class="image-caption"></div> </figure><p>If you are looking to create a healthier lifestyle for you, your family, or your customers consider asking the question: “Is this product made with PVC or PEVA?” Not only will you be taking a step in ‘healthier’ direction, you’ll sound pretty cool doing it!</p><p>Interested in a PEVA product? Check out our summer deal for a <a href="http://www.gorillamarketing.net/clique-6-pack-cooler.html" target="_blank" rel="external">Clique 6 pack cooler </a>with PEVA lining! If you do want to learn more about the effects of vinyl visit <a href="http://www.osha.gov/" target="_blank" rel="external">www.osha.gov</a>. </p>]]></content>
<summary type="html">
<h2 id="Category"><a href="#Category" class="headerlink" title="Category"></a>Category</h2><p>Coolers &amp; Insulated Bags</p>
<ul>
<li>Lunc
</summary>
<category term="Bag" scheme="http://blog.inesoi.com/categories/Bag/"/>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>箱包 - 腰包</title>
<link href="http://blog.inesoi.com/bag-wasit-bag.html"/>
<id>http://blog.inesoi.com/bag-wasit-bag.html</id>
<published>2015-10-05T16:00:00.000Z</published>
<updated>2018-08-19T10:09:33.809Z</updated>
<content type="html"><![CDATA[<p>Waist Bag/ Waist Pack</p><p>Fanny Pack/ Waist Pack / Hip Bag<br>Vortex Lumbar Pack<br>Lightweight Travel Mini Hip Pack<br>DayLight Lumbar Pack</p><p>Fanny Packs, Lumbar Packs, & Waist Packs</p><p>Lightweight<br>avel Hip Pack<br>VERSIPACK<br>Versatile<br>Small Adonis Genuine Leather Waist Purse Fanny Pack</p><h2 id="Structure"><a href="#Structure" class="headerlink" title="Structure"></a>Structure</h2><p><img src="../resources/images/waist-bag-structure.jpeg" height="500"></p><p><img src="../resources/images/waist-bag-constructure-2.jpeg" height="500"></p><h2 id="Material"><a href="#Material" class="headerlink" title="Material"></a>Material</h2><h2 id="Feature"><a href="#Feature" class="headerlink" title="Feature"></a>Feature</h2><ul><li>Slash-proof construction</li><li>Lightweight</li><li>Slim profile</li></ul><h3 id="Font-Compartment"><a href="#Font-Compartment" class="headerlink" title="Font Compartment"></a>Font Compartment</h3><p>Front compartment has organizer with RFID blocking card and passport slots, zip wall pocket and pen loop</p><p><img src="../resources/images/waist-bag-main-compartment.jpeg" height="500"></p><h3 id="main-compartment"><a href="#main-compartment" class="headerlink" title="main compartment"></a>main compartment</h3><p>Roomy main compartment with zip wall pocket</p><p>Stylish Canvas Waist Pack</p><p>Main compartment contains dividers for organization</p><p>Spacious main compartment with single zip-opening and an interior zip-pocket.</p><p><img src="../resources/images/waist-bag-main-compartment.jpeg" height="500"></p><h3 id="tear-and-weather-resistant"><a href="#tear-and-weather-resistant" class="headerlink" title="tear- and weather-resistant"></a>tear- and weather-resistant</h3><p>tear- and weather-resistant nylon ripstop</p><h3 id="RFID"><a href="#RFID" class="headerlink" title="RFID"></a>RFID</h3><p>Front organizer with RFID blocking card and passport slots</p><p>RFID-blocking pocket and Smart zipper security</p><h3 id="Waist-strap"><a href="#Waist-strap" class="headerlink" title="Waist strap"></a>Waist strap</h3><p>Adjustable, cut-proof waist strap</p><p>Tuck-away waistbelt</p><p>Lockable & Slashproof detachable Carrysafe® shoulder strap</p><p>Soft herringbone webbing belt lets you carry comfortably around the waist or bandolier style</p><p>Accommodates waist to size 44”</p><p>Two carry options: removable cross-body shoulder strap and Zip-away adjustable waist belt</p><p>Padded waist belt with small sleeve pockets ideal for keeping your power-gel snacks</p><p><img src="../resources/images/waist-bag-belt-pocket.jpeg" height="500"></p><h3 id="Side-Compression-Strap"><a href="#Side-Compression-Strap" class="headerlink" title="Side Compression Strap"></a>Side Compression Strap</h3><p>Adjustable side compression straps secure and stabilize gear.</p><p><img src="../resources/images/waist-bag-side-compression-straps.jpeg" height="500"></p><h3 id="Rear-Pocket"><a href="#Rear-Pocket" class="headerlink" title="Rear Pocket"></a>Rear Pocket</h3><p>Quick access back pocket holds smart phone</p><p>One secure zippered pocket on the back</p><p>Rear zip-pocket for extra security.</p><p>There is also a zippered pocket on the rear exterior for extra security</p><h3 id="LED-light"><a href="#LED-light" class="headerlink" title="LED light"></a>LED light</h3><p>Includes tethered key clip with LED light</p><h3 id="Drainage-grommets"><a href="#Drainage-grommets" class="headerlink" title="Drainage grommets"></a>Drainage grommets</h3><p>Drainage grommets in front, main, and rear compartments</p><p><img src="../resources/images/waist-bag-drainage-grommets.jpeg" height="500"></p><p>Max waist size 48”</p><h3 id="Torch-Lair"><a href="#Torch-Lair" class="headerlink" title="Torch-Lair"></a>Torch-Lair</h3><p>Torch-Lair can hold a medium to large size flashlight</p><p><img src="../resources/images/waist-bag-torch-lair.jpeg" height="500"></p><h3 id="Back-Panel"><a href="#Back-Panel" class="headerlink" title="Back Panel"></a>Back Panel</h3><p>HEX-VENT mesh padded back panel wicks body moisture and provides superior comfort and provides superior comfort. </p><p>High breathability mesh backing for ventilation</p><h3 id="Organizer"><a href="#Organizer" class="headerlink" title="Organizer"></a>Organizer</h3><p>Internal organizer panel with key hook</p><p><img src="../resources/images/waist-bag-key-hook.jpeg" height="500"></p><h2 id="Pocket"><a href="#Pocket" class="headerlink" title="Pocket"></a>Pocket</h2><h3 id="Side-Water-Pocket"><a href="#Side-Water-Pocket" class="headerlink" title="Side Water Pocket"></a>Side Water Pocket</h3><p>Pull out water bottle pocket, zips away when not in use</p><p><img src="../resources/images/waist-bag-water-pocket.jpeg" height="500"></p><p>Dual side water bottle pockets equipped with two BPA free 500 ml soft-touch sports bottles</p><h3 id="Webbing-daisy-chain"><a href="#Webbing-daisy-chain" class="headerlink" title="Webbing daisy chain"></a>Webbing daisy chain</h3><p>Webbing daisy chain loop to attach a carabiner or bike LED blinker</p><p><img src="../resources/images/waist-bag-webbing-daisy-chain.jpeg" height="500"></p><h3 id="velcro-closed-pocket"><a href="#velcro-closed-pocket" class="headerlink" title="velcro-closed pocket"></a>velcro-closed pocket</h3><h3 id="Button-Closure"><a href="#Button-Closure" class="headerlink" title="Button Closure"></a>Button Closure</h3><p>Flap over two straps button closure</p><p><img src="../resources/images/waist-bag-two straps button closure.jpeg" height="500"></p>]]></content>
<summary type="html">
<p>Waist Bag/ Waist Pack</p>
<p>Fanny Pack/ Waist Pack / Hip Bag<br>Vortex Lumbar Pack<br>Lightweight Travel Mini Hip Pack<br>DayLight Lumba
</summary>
<category term="Bag" scheme="http://blog.inesoi.com/categories/Bag/"/>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>箱包 - 水袋包</title>
<link href="http://blog.inesoi.com/bag-hydration-pack.html"/>
<id>http://blog.inesoi.com/bag-hydration-pack.html</id>
<published>2015-10-05T16:00:00.000Z</published>
<updated>2018-08-19T10:09:33.808Z</updated>
<content type="html"><![CDATA[<h3 id="Hydration-reservoir-compartment"><a href="#Hydration-reservoir-compartment" class="headerlink" title="Hydration reservoir compartment"></a>Hydration reservoir compartment</h3><p>Separate, side-access hydration reservoir compartment makes it easy to access your water supply</p><p><img src="../resources/images/hydration system.jpeg" height="400"></p><p>Zippered shoulder strap hose jacket helps protect it from the elements</p><h3 id="hydration-system"><a href="#hydration-system" class="headerlink" title="hydration system"></a>hydration system</h3><p>2-liter hydration system has a wide opening reservoir for easy filling and cleaning. System is BPA free and antimicrobial</p><p>Hands-free reservoir pressure valve</p><p>a zippered shoulder strap hose jacket,</p><p>Insulated water tube cover helps to prevent water from freezing in tube </p><p>Elastic loops for convenient hydration hose positioning 弹性环,方便水化软管定位</p><h3 id="Front-pocket"><a href="#Front-pocket" class="headerlink" title="Front pocket"></a>Front pocket</h3><p>Hinged front pocket holds a helmet</p><p>Front zippered pocket holds bicycle tools, accessories or media player</p><p><img src="../resources/images/hydration-helmet-front-pocket.jpeg" height="400"></p><h3 id="Main-Pocket"><a href="#Main-Pocket" class="headerlink" title="Main Pocket"></a>Main Pocket</h3><p>Large, front-load main compartment holds gear</p><h3 id="Strap"><a href="#Strap" class="headerlink" title="Strap"></a>Strap</h3><p>HEX-VENT mesh adjustable backpack straps</p><h3 id="Paded-Back"><a href="#Paded-Back" class="headerlink" title="Paded Back"></a>Paded Back</h3><p>HEX-VENT mesh padded back wicks moisture</p><h3 id="Adjustable-waist-belt"><a href="#Adjustable-waist-belt" class="headerlink" title="Adjustable waist belt"></a>Adjustable waist belt</h3><p>Tuck-away, adjustable waist belt secures the pack</p><h3 id="sternum-strap"><a href="#sternum-strap" class="headerlink" title="sternum strap"></a>sternum strap</h3><p>Adjustable sternum strap helps stabilize the pack</p><h3 id="Reflective-loop-holds-a-bike-LED-blinker"><a href="#Reflective-loop-holds-a-bike-LED-blinker" class="headerlink" title="Reflective loop holds a bike LED blinker"></a>Reflective loop holds a bike LED blinker</h3>]]></content>
<summary type="html">
<h3 id="Hydration-reservoir-compartment"><a href="#Hydration-reservoir-compartment" class="headerlink" title="Hydration reservoir compartmen
</summary>
<category term="Bag" scheme="http://blog.inesoi.com/categories/Bag/"/>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>箱包 - 专业英语</title>
<link href="http://blog.inesoi.com/bag-english.html"/>
<id>http://blog.inesoi.com/bag-english.html</id>
<published>2015-10-05T16:00:00.000Z</published>
<updated>2018-08-19T10:09:33.808Z</updated>
<content type="html"><![CDATA[<p>whistle buckle 哨子扣<br>Ergonomic 人体工程学</p><ul><li><a href="http://bbs.fobshanghai.com/thread-1051201-1-1.html" target="_blank" rel="external">[分享]箱包英语 - 箱包 - 轻工品 - 福步外贸论坛(FOB Business Forum)</a></li></ul>]]></content>
<summary type="html">
<p>whistle buckle 哨子扣<br>Ergonomic 人体工程学</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="http://bbs.fobshanghai.com/thread-1051201-1-1.html" target="_blank" rel="exte
</summary>
<category term="Bag" scheme="http://blog.inesoi.com/categories/Bag/"/>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>箱包 - 配件</title>
<link href="http://blog.inesoi.com/bag-parts.html"/>
<id>http://blog.inesoi.com/bag-parts.html</id>
<published>2015-10-04T16:00:00.000Z</published>
<updated>2018-08-19T10:09:33.808Z</updated>
<content type="html"><![CDATA[<p>Durable water-repellent zippers and extreme water-resistant front pocket zipper 防水拉链<br>Brass tone hardware 青铜五金<br>Chrome hardware accents<br>Vintage brass fitting hardware<br>Antique brass hardware<br>Gunmetal hardware </p>]]></content>
<summary type="html">
<p>Durable water-repellent zippers and extreme water-resistant front pocket zipper 防水拉链<br>Brass tone hardware 青铜五金<br>Chrome hardware accen
</summary>
<category term="Bag" scheme="http://blog.inesoi.com/categories/Bag/"/>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>箱包 - 颜色</title>
<link href="http://blog.inesoi.com/bag-english-color.html"/>
<id>http://blog.inesoi.com/bag-english-color.html</id>
<published>2015-10-04T16:00:00.000Z</published>
<updated>2018-08-19T10:09:33.807Z</updated>
<content type="html"><![CDATA[<h2 id="Color"><a href="#Color" class="headerlink" title="Color"></a>Color</h2><ul><li>combination 配色</li><li>match color 配色</li><li>shade 色度,颜色的深度</li><li>assorted 混色</li><li>mixtz 混色</li><li>rich color 浓色</li><li>mix color 混色</li><li>dark color 暗色</li><li>deep color 深色</li><li>dull color 暗色</li><li>neutral shade 中性色调</li><li>clear lucent 透明色</li><li>halftone 半色调或中间色调</li><li>sporting shade 运动色调</li><li>weak color 弱(淡)色</li></ul><p>See </p><ul><li><a href="http://www.eion.com.tw/Emily/?v=Name-Various-Colors" target="_blank" rel="external">各種顏色的英文名稱 - 中英文對照</a></li><li><a href="http://html-color-codes.info/color-names/" target="_blank" rel="external">Color Names</a></li><li><a href="http://www.eion.com.tw/Emily/?v=Name-Various-Colors" target="_blank" rel="external">各種顏色的英文名稱 - 中英文對照</a></li></ul><h2 id="White"><a href="#White" class="headerlink" title="White"></a>White</h2><ul><li><span style="background-color:#FAEBD7"></span> Antique White [æn’tiːk] 古董白</li><li><span style="background-color:#D2B48C"></span> Tan [tæn] 日晒色</li><li><span style="background-color:#DEB887"></span> Burly Wood [‘bɜːlɪ] 硬木色</li><li><span style="background-color:#FFEBCD"></span> Blanched Almond [blɑːn(t)ʃ] [‘ɑːmənd] 杏仁白</li><li><span style="background-color:#FFDEAD"></span> Navajo White [‘nævəhəu] 那瓦霍白</li><li><span style="background-color:#F5F5F5"></span> White Smoke 白烟色</li><li><span style="background-color:#FFFFFF"></span> White 白色</li><li><span style="background-color:#FFFAFA"></span> Snow 雪色</li><li><span style="background-color:#625B57"></span> Iron Gray [‘aɪən] 铁灰色</li></ul><h2 id="Yellow"><a href="#Yellow" class="headerlink" title="Yellow"></a>Yellow</h2><ul><li><span style="background-color:#FF9900"></span> Marigold [‘mærɪgəʊld] 万寿菊黄</li><li><span style="background-color:#FFEFD5"></span> Papaya Whip [pə’paɪə] [wɪp] 蕃木瓜色</li><li><span style="background-color:#CCB38C"></span> Pale Ocre [peɪl] 灰土色</li><li><span style="background-color:#996B1F"></span> Khaki [‘kɑːkɪ] 卡其色</li><li><span style="background-color:#FFE4B5"></span> Moccasin [‘mɒkəsɪn] 鹿皮鞋色</li><li><span style="background-color:#FDF5E6"></span> Old Lace 旧蕾丝色</li><li><span style="background-color:#F5DEB3"></span> Wheat [wiːt] 小麦色</li><li><span style="background-color:#FFE5B4"></span> Peach [piːtʃ] 桃色</li><li><span style="background-color:#FFA500"></span> Orange 橙色</li><li><span style="background-color:#FFFAF0"></span> Floral White [‘flɔːr(ə)l; ‘flɒ-] 花卉白</li><li><span style="background-color:#DAA520"></span> Goldenrod [‘ɡəʊld(ə)nrɒd] 金菊色</li><li><span style="background-color:#B8860B"></span> Dark Goldenrod 暗金菊色</li><li><span style="background-color:#4D3900"></span> Coffee 咖啡色</li><li><span style="background-color:#E6C35C"></span> Jasmine [‘dʒæzmɪn] 茉莉黄</li><li><span style="background-color:#FFBF00"></span> Amber [‘æmbə] 琥珀色</li><li><span style="background-color:#FFF8DC"></span> Cornsilk [‘kɔ:nsilk] 玉米丝色</li><li><span style="background-color:#E6B800"></span> Chrome Yellow 铬黄</li><li><span style="background-color:#FFD700"></span> Golden 金色</li><li><span style="background-color:#FFFACD"></span> Lemon Chiffon [‘ʃɪfɒn] 柠檬绸色</li><li><span style="background-color:#F0E68C"></span> Light Khaki 亮卡其色</li><li><span style="background-color:#EEE8AA"></span> Pale Goldenrod 灰金菊色</li><li><span style="background-color:#BDB76B"></span> Dark Khaki 暗卡其色</li><li><span style="background-color:#E6D933"></span> Mimosa [mɪ’məʊzə] 含羞草黄</li><li><span style="background-color:#FFFDD0"></span> Cream 奶油色</li><li><span style="background-color:#FFFFF0"></span> Ivory [‘aɪv(ə)rɪ] 象牙色</li><li><span style="background-color:#F5F5DC"></span> Beige [beɪʒ] 米黄色</li><li><span style="background-color:#FFFFE0"></span> Light Yellow 亮黄</li><li><span style="background-color:#FAFAD2"></span> Light Goldenrod Yellow 亮金菊黄</li><li><span style="background-color:#FFFF99"></span> Champagne Yellow [ʃæm’peɪn] 香槟黄</li><li><span style="background-color:#CCCC4D"></span> Mustard [‘mʌstəd] 芥末黄</li><li><span style="background-color:#FFFF4D"></span> Moon Yellow 月黄</li><li><span style="background-color:#808000"></span> Olive 橄榄色</li><li><span style="background-color:#FFFF00"></span> Canary Yellow [kə’neərɪ] 鲜黄</li><li><span style="background-color:#FFFF00"></span> Yellow 黄色</li><li><span style="background-color:#A0522D"></span> Sienna [sɪ’enə] 赭黄</li><li><span style="background-color:#FF8033"></span> Tropical Orange [‘trɒpɪk(ə)l] 热带橙</li><li><span style="background-color:#A16B47"></span> Camel 驼色</li><li><span style="background-color:#E69966"></span> Apricot [‘eɪprɪkɒt] 杏黄</li><li><span style="background-color:#4D1F00"></span> Coconut Brown [‘kəʊkənʌt] 椰褐</li><li><span style="background-color:#FFF5EE"></span> Seashell [‘siːʃel] 海贝色</li><li><span style="background-color:#8B4513"></span> Saddle Brown [‘sæd(ə)l] 鞍褐</li><li><span style="background-color:#D2691E"></span> Chocolate 巧克力色</li><li><span style="background-color:#CC5500"></span> Burnt Orange [bɜːnt] 燃橙</li><li><span style="background-color:#FF7300"></span> Sun Orange 阳橙</li><li><span style="background-color:#FFDAB9"></span> Peach Puff [pʌf] 粉扑桃色</li><li><span style="background-color:#F4A460"></span> Sand Brown 沙褐</li><li><span style="background-color:#B87333"></span> Bronze [brɒnz] 古铜色</li><li><span style="background-color:#FAF0E6"></span> Linen [‘lɪnɪn] 亚麻色</li><li><span style="background-color:#FFB366"></span> Honey Orange 蜜橙</li><li><span style="background-color:#CD853F"></span> Peru [pə’ru] 秘鲁色</li><li><span style="background-color:#704214"></span> Sepia [‘siːpɪə] 乌贼墨色</li><li><span style="background-color:#CC7722"></span> Ocher [‘əʊkə] 赭色</li><li><span style="background-color:#FFE4C4"></span> Bisque [bɪsk; biːsk] 陶坯黄</li><li><span style="background-color:#F28500"></span> Tangerine [tæn(d)ʒə’riːn] 橘色</li><li><span style="background-color:#FF8C00"></span> Dark Orange 暗橙</li></ul><h2 id="Purple"><a href="#Purple" class="headerlink" title="Purple"></a>Purple</h2><ul><li><span style="background-color:#6640FF"></span> Mauve [məuv] 木槿紫</li><li><span style="background-color:#B399FF"></span> Lilac [‘laɪlək] 紫丁香色</li><li><span style="background-color:#9370DB"></span> Medium Purple 中紫红</li><li><span style="background-color:#6633CC"></span> Amethyst [‘æməθɪst] 紫水晶色</li><li><span style="background-color:#8674A1"></span> Grayish Purple [‘ɡreɪɪʃ] 浅灰紫红</li><li><span style="background-color:#5000B8"></span> Heliotrope [‘hiːlɪətrəʊp; ‘hel-] 缬草紫</li><li><span style="background-color:#B8A1CF"></span> Mineral Violet [‘mɪn(ə)r(ə)l] [‘vaɪələt] 矿紫</li><li><span style="background-color:#8A2BE2"></span> Blue Violet 蓝紫</li><li><span style="background-color:#8B00FF"></span> Violet 紫罗兰色</li><li><span style="background-color:#4B0080"></span> Indigo [‘ɪndɪgəʊ] 靛色</li><li><span style="background-color:#9932CC"></span> Dark Orchid [‘ɔːkɪd] 暗兰紫</li><li><span style="background-color:#9400D3"></span> Dark Violet 暗紫</li><li><span style="background-color:#7400A1"></span> Pansy [‘pænzɪ] 三色堇紫</li><li><span style="background-color:#D94DFF"></span> Mallow [‘mæləu] 锦葵紫</li><li><span style="background-color:#E680FF"></span> Opera Mauve [məʊv] 优品紫红</li><li><span style="background-color:#BA55D3"></span> Medium Orchid 中兰紫</li><li><span style="background-color:#E6CFE6"></span> Pail Lilac [[peɪl,’laɪlək] 淡紫丁香色</li><li><span style="background-color:#D8BFD8"></span> Thistle [‘θɪs(ə)l] 蓟紫</li><li><span style="background-color:#CCA3CC"></span> Clematis [‘klemətɪs; klə’meɪtɪs] 铁线莲紫</li><li><span style="background-color:#DDA0DD"></span> Plum [plʌm] 梅红色</li><li><span style="background-color:#EE82EE"></span> Light Violet 亮紫</li><li><span style="background-color:#800080"></span> Purple 紫色</li></ul><h2 id="Green"><a href="#Green" class="headerlink" title="Green"></a>Green</h2><ul><li><span style="background-color:#697723"></span> Moss Green [mɒs] 苔藓绿</li><li><span style="background-color:#CCFF00"></span> Light Lime [laɪm] 亮柠檬绿</li><li><span style="background-color:#6B8E23"></span> Olive Drab [dræb] 橄榄军服绿</li><li><span style="background-color:#9ACD32"></span> Yellow Green 黄绿</li><li><span style="background-color:#556B2F"></span> Dark Olive Green 暗橄榄绿</li><li><span style="background-color:#8CE600"></span> Apple Green 苹果绿</li><li><span style="background-color:#ADFF2F"></span> Green Yellow 绿黄</li><li><span style="background-color:#99E64D"></span> Grass Green 草绿</li><li><span style="background-color:#7CFC00"></span> Lawn Green [lɔːn] 草坪绿</li><li><span style="background-color:#7FFF00"></span> Chartreuse [ʃɑː’trɜːz] 查特酒绿</li><li><span style="background-color:#73B839"></span> Foliage Green [‘fəʊlɪɪdʒ] 叶绿</li><li><span style="background-color:#99FF4D"></span> Fresh Leaves 嫩绿</li><li><span style="background-color:#66FF00"></span> Bright Green 明绿</li><li><span style="background-color:#66FF59"></span> Cobalt Green [‘kəʊbɔːlt; -ɒlt] 钴绿</li><li><span style="background-color:#F0FFF0"></span> Honeydew [‘hʌnɪdjuː] 蜜瓜绿</li><li><span style="background-color:#8FBC8F"></span> Dark Sea Green 暗海绿</li><li><span style="background-color:#90EE90"></span> Light Green 亮绿</li><li><span style="background-color:#98FB98"></span> Pale Green 灰绿</li><li><span style="background-color:#36BF36"></span> Ivy Green [‘aɪvɪ] 常春藤绿</li><li><span style="background-color:#228B22"></span> Forest Green 森林绿</li><li><span style="background-color:#32CD32"></span> Lime Green [laɪm] 柠檬绿</li><li><span style="background-color:#006400"></span> Dark Green 暗绿</li><li><span style="background-color:#008000"></span> Green 绿色</li><li><span style="background-color:#00FF00"></span> Lime 鲜绿色</li><li><span style="background-color:#22C32E"></span> Malachite [‘mæləkaɪt] 孔雀石绿</li><li><span style="background-color:#16982B"></span> Mint [mɪnt] 薄荷绿</li><li><span style="background-color:#73E68C"></span> Celadon Green [‘selədɒn] 青瓷绿</li><li><span style="background-color:#50C878"></span> Emerald [‘em(ə)r(ə)ld] 碧绿</li><li><span style="background-color:#4DE680"></span> Turquoise Green [‘tɜːkwɒɪz; -kwɑːz] 绿松石绿</li><li><span style="background-color:#127436"></span> Viridian [vɪ’rɪdɪən] 铬绿</li><li><span style="background-color:#A6FFCC"></span> Horizon Blue 苍色</li><li><span style="background-color:#2E8B57"></span> Sea Green 海绿</li><li><span style="background-color:#3CB371"></span> Medium Sea Green 中海绿</li><li><span style="background-color:#F5FFFA"></span> Mint Cream 薄荷奶油色</li><li><span style="background-color:#00FF80"></span> Spring Green 春绿</li><li><span style="background-color:#00A15C"></span> Peacock Green [‘piːkɒk] 孔雀绿</li><li><span style="background-color:#00FA9A"></span> Medium Spring Green 中春绿色</li><li><span style="background-color:#66CDAA"></span> Medium Aquamarine [,ækwəmə’riːn] 中碧蓝色</li><li><span style="background-color:#7FFFD4"></span> Aquamarine 碧蓝色</li></ul><h2 id="Red"><a href="#Red" class="headerlink" title="Red"></a>Red</h2><ul><li><span style="background-color:#8B008B"></span> Dark Magenta [mə’dʒentə] 暗洋红</li><li><span style="background-color:#FF00FF"></span> Magenta 洋红</li><li><span style="background-color:#F400A1"></span> Fuchsia [‘fjuːʃə] 品红</li><li><span style="background-color:#DA70D6"></span> Orchid [‘ɔːkɪd] 兰紫</li><li><span style="background-color:#FFB3E6"></span> Pearl Pink [pɜːl] 浅珍珠红</li><li><span style="background-color:#B85798"></span> Old Rose 陈玫红</li><li><span style="background-color:#FF66CC"></span> Rose Pink 浅玫瑰红</li><li><span style="background-color:#C71585"></span> Medium Violet Red 中青紫红</li><li><span style="background-color:#FF0DA6"></span> Magenta Rose 洋玫瑰红</li><li><span style="background-color:#FF007F"></span> Rose 玫瑰红</li><li><span style="background-color:#CC0080"></span> Ruby 红宝石色</li><li><span style="background-color:#E63995"></span> Camellia [kə’mi:liə] 山茶红</li><li><span style="background-color:#FF1493"></span> Deep Pink 深粉红</li><li><span style="background-color:#E68AB8"></span> Flamingo [flə’mɪŋgəʊ] 火鹤红</li><li><span style="background-color:#FF80BF"></span> Coral Pink [‘kɒr(ə)l] 浅珊瑚红</li><li><span style="background-color:#FF69B4"></span> Hot Pink 暖粉红</li><li><span style="background-color:#470024"></span> Burgundy [‘bɜːgəndɪ] 勃艮第酒红</li><li><span style="background-color:#FF73B3"></span> Spinel Red [spɪ’nel; ‘spɪn(ə)l] 尖晶石红</li><li><span style="background-color:#E6005C"></span> Carmine [‘kɑːmaɪn; -mɪn] 胭脂红</li><li><span style="background-color:#FFD9E6"></span> Baby Pink 浅粉红</li><li><span style="background-color:#990036"></span> Cardinal Red [‘kɑːd(ɪ)n(ə)l] 枢机红</li><li><span style="background-color:#FFF0F5"></span> Lavender Blush [‘lævəndə] [blʌʃ] 薰衣草紫红</li><li><span style="background-color:#DB7093"></span> Pale Violet Red 灰紫红</li><li><span style="background-color:#DE3163"></span> Cerise [se’riːs; -z] 樱桃红</li><li><span style="background-color:#FF8099"></span> Salmon Pink [‘sæmən] 浅鲑红</li><li><span style="background-color:#DC143C"></span> Crimson [‘krɪmz(ə)n] 绯红</li><li><span style="background-color:#FFC0CB"></span> Pink 粉红</li><li><span style="background-color:#FFB6C1"></span> Light Pink 亮粉红</li><li><span style="background-color:#FFB3BF"></span> Shell Pink 壳黄红</li><li><span style="background-color:#E32636"></span> Alizarin Crimson [ə’lɪz(ə)rɪn] 茜红</li><li><span style="background-color:#CD5C5C"></span> Indian Red 印度红</li><li><span style="background-color:#B22222"></span> Fire Brick [brɪk] 耐火砖红</li><li><span style="background-color:#800000"></span> Maroon [mə’ruːn] 栗色</li><li><span style="background-color:#8B0000"></span> Dark Red 暗红</li><li><span style="background-color:#E60000"></span> Strong Red 鲜红</li><li><span style="background-color:#FF0000"></span> Red 红色</li><li><span style="background-color:#FF4D40"></span> Persimmon [pə’sɪmən] 柿子橙</li><li><span style="background-color:#FFE4E1"></span> Misty Rose [‘mɪstɪ] 雾玫瑰色</li><li><span style="background-color:#FA8072"></span> Salmon 鲑红</li><li><span style="background-color:#FF2400"></span> Scarlet [‘skɑːlət] 腥红</li><li><span style="background-color:#FF6347"></span> Tomato 蕃茄红</li><li><span style="background-color:#E9967A"></span> Dark Salmon 暗鲑红</li><li><span style="background-color:#FF7F50"></span> Coral [‘kɒr(ə)l] 珊瑚红</li><li><span style="background-color:#FF4500"></span> Orange Red 橙红</li><li><span style="background-color:#FFA07A"></span> Light Salmon 亮鲑红</li><li><span style="background-color:#FF4D00"></span> Vermilion [və’mɪljən] 朱红</li></ul><h2 id="Blue"><a href="#Blue" class="headerlink" title="Blue"></a>Blue</h2><ul><li><span style="background-color:#1E90FF"></span> Dodger Blue 道奇蓝</li><li><span style="background-color:#004D99"></span> Mineral Blue 矿蓝</li><li><span style="background-color:#007FFF"></span> Azure 湛蓝</li><li><span style="background-color:#5686BF"></span> Wedgwood Blue 韦奇伍德瓷蓝</li><li><span style="background-color:#B0C4DE"></span> Light Steel Blue 亮钢蓝</li><li><span style="background-color:#0047AB"></span> Cobalt Blue 钴蓝</li><li><span style="background-color:#5E86C1"></span> Pale Denim 灰丁宁蓝</li><li><span style="background-color:#6495ED"></span> Cornflower Blue 矢车菊蓝</li><li><span style="background-color:#4D80E6"></span> Salvia Blue 鼠尾草蓝</li><li><span style="background-color:#003399"></span> Dark Powder Blue 暗婴儿粉蓝</li><li><span style="background-color:#082567"></span> Sapphire 蓝宝石色</li><li><span style="background-color:#002FA7"></span> International Klein Blue 国际奇连蓝</li><li><span style="background-color:#2A52BE"></span> Cerulean blue 蔚蓝</li><li><span style="background-color:#4169E1"></span> Royal Blue 品蓝</li><li><span style="background-color:#24367D"></span> Dark Mineral Blue 暗矿蓝</li><li><span style="background-color:#0033FF"></span> Ultramarine 极浓海蓝</li><li><span style="background-color:#0D33FF"></span> Lapis Lazuli 天青石蓝</li><li><span style="background-color:#F8F8FF"></span> Ghost White 幽灵白</li><li><span style="background-color:#E6E6FA"></span> Lavender 薰衣草紫</li><li><span style="background-color:#CCCCFF"></span> Periwinkle 长春花色</li><li><span style="background-color:#191970"></span> Midnight Blue 午夜蓝</li><li><span style="background-color:#000080"></span> Navy Blue 藏青</li><li><span style="background-color:#00008B"></span> Dark Blue 暗蓝</li><li><span style="background-color:#0000CD"></span> Medium Blue 中蓝</li><li><span style="background-color:#0000FF"></span> Blue 蓝色</li><li><span style="background-color:#5C50E6"></span> Wisteria 紫藤色</li><li><span style="background-color:#483D8B"></span> Dark Slate Blue 暗岩蓝</li><li><span style="background-color:#6A5ACD"></span> Slate Blue 岩蓝</li><li><span style="background-color:#7B68EE"></span> Medium Slate Blue 中岩蓝</li><li><span style="background-color:#0DBF8C"></span> Cyan Blue 青蓝</li><li><span style="background-color:#66FFE6"></span> Aqua Blue 水蓝</li><li><span style="background-color:#33E6CC"></span> Turquoise Blue 土耳其蓝</li><li><span style="background-color:#30D5C8"></span> Turquoise 绿松石色</li><li><span style="background-color:#20B2AA"></span> Light Sea Green 亮海绿</li><li><span style="background-color:#48D1CC"></span> Medium Turquoise 中绿松石色</li><li><span style="background-color:#E0FFFF"></span> Light Cyan 亮青</li><li><span style="background-color:#89CFF0"></span> Baby Blue 浅蓝</li><li><span style="background-color:#AFEEEE"></span> Pale Turquoise 灰绿松石色</li><li><span style="background-color:#2F4F4F"></span> Dark Slate Gray 暗岩灰</li><li><span style="background-color:#008080"></span> Teal 凫绿</li><li><span style="background-color:#008B8B"></span> Dark Cyan 暗青</li><li><span style="background-color:#00FFFF"></span> Cyan 青色</li><li><span style="background-color:#AFDFE4"></span> Aqua 水色</li><li><span style="background-color:#00CED1"></span> Dark Turquoise 暗绿松石色</li><li><span style="background-color:#5F9EA0"></span> Cadet Blue 军服蓝</li><li><span style="background-color:#00808C"></span> Peacock Blue 孔雀蓝</li><li><span style="background-color:#B0E0E6"></span> Powder Blue 婴儿粉蓝</li><li><span style="background-color:#006374"></span> Strong Blue 浓蓝</li><li><span style="background-color:#ADD8E6"></span> Light Blue 亮蓝</li><li><span style="background-color:#7AB8CC"></span> Pale Blue 灰蓝</li><li><span style="background-color:#4798B3"></span> Saxe Blue 萨克斯蓝</li><li><span style="background-color:#00BFFF"></span> Deep Sky Blue 深天蓝</li><li><span style="background-color:#87CEEB"></span> Sky Blue 天蓝</li><li><span style="background-color:#87CEFA"></span> Light Sky Blue 亮天蓝</li><li><span style="background-color:#00477D"></span> Marine Blue 水手蓝</li><li><span style="background-color:#003153"></span> Prussian blue 普鲁士蓝</li><li><span style="background-color:#4682B4"></span> Steel Blue 钢青色</li><li><span style="background-color:#F0F8FF"></span> Alice Blue 爱丽丝蓝</li></ul><h2 id="Brown"><a href="#Brown" class="headerlink" title="Brown"></a>Brown</h2><ul><li><span style="background-color:#A52A2A"></span> Brown 褐色</li><li><span style="background-color:#E6C3C3"></span> Sand Beige 沙棕</li><li><span style="background-color:#BC8F8F"></span> Rosy Brown 玫瑰褐</li><li><span style="background-color:#F08080"></span> Light Coral 亮珊瑚色</li></ul><h2 id="Gray-Black"><a href="#Gray-Black" class="headerlink" title="Gray/Black"></a>Gray/Black</h2><ul><li><span style="background-color:#708090"></span> Slate Gray 岩灰</li><li><span style="background-color:#778899"></span> Light Slate Gray 亮岩灰</li><li><span style="background-color:#000000"></span> Black 黑色</li><li><span style="background-color:#696969"></span> Dimgray 昏灰</li><li><span style="background-color:#808080"></span> Gray 灰色</li><li><span style="background-color:#A9A9A9"></span> Dark Gray 暗灰</li><li><span style="background-color:#C0C0C0"></span> Silver 银色</li><li><span style="background-color:#D3D3D3"></span> Light Gray 亮灰色</li><li><span style="background-color:#DCDCDC"></span> Gainsboro 庚斯博罗灰</li></ul><h2 id="Tool"><a href="#Tool" class="headerlink" title="Tool"></a>Tool</h2><p><a href="http://www.colorhexa.com/color-names" target="_blank" rel="external">List of colors</a></p><iframe src="http://www.colorhexa.com/color-names" width="100%" height="500px" frameborder="0"></iframe><style>ul { -moz-column-count: 2; -moz-column-gap: 20px; -webkit-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-gap: 20px; column-count: 2; column-gap: 20px; list-style-type: none;}span { width: 20px; height: 20px; display: inline-block; border-radius: 50%;}</style>]]></content>
<summary type="html">
<h2 id="Color"><a href="#Color" class="headerlink" title="Color"></a>Color</h2><ul>
<li>combination 配色</li>
<li>match color 配色</li>
<li>shad
</summary>
<category term="Bag" scheme="http://blog.inesoi.com/categories/Bag/"/>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>箱包 - 皮革</title>
<link href="http://blog.inesoi.com/bag-leather.html"/>
<id>http://blog.inesoi.com/bag-leather.html</id>
<published>2015-10-03T16:00:00.000Z</published>
<updated>2018-08-19T10:09:33.807Z</updated>
<content type="html"><![CDATA[<h2 id="皮革"><a href="#皮革" class="headerlink" title="皮革"></a>皮革</h2><p>皮革是经脱毛和鞣制等物理、化学加工所得到的已经变性不易腐烂的动物皮。革是由天然蛋白质纤维在三维空间紧密编织构成的,其表面有一种特殊的粒面层,具有自然的粒纹和光泽,手感舒适。</p><p>皮革主要分为真皮和合成革,合成革主要有 PU 革 和 PVC 革两种。</p><p>PVC 比较硬,比较好压印 LOGO,而 PU 较软,不容易压印。如果压下之后的颜色变成另外一种颜色,这种材料成为变色革。</p><p>皮革的厚度使用使用<code>丝</code>来衡量,1mm = 100丝。常见的有8丝和10丝的PVC。</p><p>皮革类面料需要注意色迁移的问题,要防止颜色渗到里布,导致里布的颜色洗不掉。</p><p>PVC 人造革、PU 合成革的区别可以用汽油浸泡的方法区别,方法是用一小块面料,放在汽油中半个小时,然后取出,如果是PVC人造革,则会变硬、变脆,如果是PU合成革,则不会变硬、变脆。</p><h3 id="分类"><a href="#分类" class="headerlink" title="分类"></a>分类</h3><p><strong>按动物种类:</strong></p><p>主要有猪皮革、牛皮革、羊皮革、马皮革、驴皮革和袋鼠皮革等,另有少量的鱼皮革、爬行类动物皮革、两栖类动物皮革、鸵鸟皮革等。</p><p>其中牛皮革又分黄牛皮革、水牛皮革、牦牛皮革和犏牛皮革;羊皮革分为绵羊皮革和山羊皮革。</p><p>在主要几类皮革中,黄牛皮革和绵羊皮革,其表面平细,毛眼小,内在结构细密紧实,革身具有较好的丰满和弹性感,物理性能好。因此,优等黄牛革和绵羊革一般用做高档制品的皮料,其价格是大宗的皮革中较高的一类。</p><p><strong>按层次:</strong></p><p>有头层革和二层革,其中头层革有全粒面革和修面革;二层革又有猪二层革和牛二层革等。</p><p><strong>按制造方式:</strong></p><ul><li>真皮。“真皮”在皮革制品市场上是常见的字眼,是人们为区别合成革而对天然皮革的一种习惯叫法。其中,牛皮、羊皮和猪皮是制革所用原料的三大皮种。</li><li>再生皮。将各种动物的废皮及真皮下脚料粉碎后,调配化工原料加工制作而成。其表面加工工艺同真皮的修面皮、压花皮一样,其特点是皮张边缘较整齐、利用率高、价格便宜;但皮身一般较厚,强度较差,只适宜制作平价公文箱、拉杆袋、球杆套等定型工艺产品和平价皮带,其纵切面纤维组织均匀一致,可辨认出流质物混合纤维的凝固效果。</li><li><p>人造革。人造革也叫仿皮或胶料,是PVC和PU等人造材料的总称。它是在纺织布基或无纺布基上,由各种不同配方的PVC和PU等发泡或覆膜加工制作而成,可以根据不同强度、耐磨度、耐寒度和色彩、光泽、花纹图案等要求加工制成,具有花色品种繁多、防水性能好、边幅整齐、利用率高和价格相对真皮便宜的特点。</p><p> 人造革是极为流行的一类材料,被普遍用来制作各种皮革制品,或替代部分的真皮材料。它日益先进的制作工艺,正被二层皮的加工制作广泛采用。如今,极似真皮特性的人造革已有生产面市,它的表面工艺极其基料的纤维组织,几乎达到真皮的效果,其价格与国产头层皮的价格不相上下。</p><p> 人造皮革是通过多种类型的化学纤维混合而成的。人造皮草幅面较大。可以染成各种明亮的色彩;此外,它具有动物皮草的外观,各种野生和养殖的皮草种类都可以仿制。但其最大的特点就是不环保,不易降解,对环境有污染。</p></li><li><p>合成革。合成革是模拟天然革的组成和结构并可作为其代用材料的塑料制品。表面主要是聚氨脂,基料是涤纶、棉、丙纶等合成纤维制成的无纺布。其正、反面都与皮革十分相似,并具有一定的透气性。特点是光泽漂亮,不易发霉和虫蛀,并且比普通人造革更接近天然革。</p><p> 合成革品种繁多,各种合成革除具有合成纤维无纺布底基和聚氨酯微孔面层等共同特点外,其无纺布纤维品种和加工工艺各不相同。合成革表面光滑、通张厚薄,色泽和强度等均一,在防水、耐酸碱、微生物方面优于天然皮革。</p></li></ul><h2 id="PVC-革"><a href="#PVC-革" class="headerlink" title="PVC 革"></a>PVC 革</h2><p>聚氯乙烯人造革(PVC革)是在织物上涂覆PVC树脂、增塑剂、稳定剂等助剂制成的糊,或者再覆合一层 PVC 膜,然后经一定的工艺过程加工制成的。制品强度高,加工容易,成本低廉。可做各种箱包、座套、衬里、杂物等。但耐油性、耐高温性差,低温柔软性和手感较差。</p><p>PVC 革 在制造过程中要先将塑料颗粒热熔搅拌成糊状,按规定的厚度均匀涂覆在T/C针织布底基上,然后进入发泡炉中进行发泡,使其具有能够适应生产各种不同产品、不同要求的柔软度,在出炉的同时进行表面处理(染色、压纹、磨光、消光、磨面起毛等,主要是依照具体的产品要求来进行的)。</p><figure class="image-bubble"> <div class="img-lightbox"> <div class="overlay"></div> <img src="../resources/images/pvc.jpg" alt="" title=""> </div> <div class="image-caption"></div> </figure><p>PVC 表面也有很多纹路。</p><ul><li>色泽鲜艳、耐腐蚀、牢固耐用。</li><li>不存放食品和药品。由于在制造过程中增加了增塑剂、抗老化剂等一些有毒辅助材料来增强其耐热性,韧性,延展性等,故其产品一般不存放食品和药品。</li></ul><p>根据特性,PVC 材料可分为:</p><ul><li>彩边 PVC。彩色 PVC 比无色 PVC 较贵。</li><li>皮革 PVC</li><li>透明 PVC。常用于制作化妆包。</li></ul><p>常用的为白的,透明的;还有一种是有压痕的,还可以压花,比较贵。</p><p>北欧等一些发达国家禁止使用 PVC 材料(常见女包、化妆包),因为 PVC 不容易降解,燃烧或高温会产生有毒物质,不环保。</p><p>根据材料的不同,又可分为 PE 和 EVA。EVA 比较薄,像薄膜。</p><h2 id="PU-革"><a href="#PU-革" class="headerlink" title="PU 革"></a>PU 革</h2><p>用PU树脂与无纺布为原料生产的人造革称为PU合成革。</p><p>PU 是英文 Polyurethane 的缩写,化学中文名称“聚氨酯”。 PU皮革就是聚氨酯成份的表皮。现在广泛适用于做箱包、服装、鞋、车辆和家具的装饰,它已日益得到市场的肯定,其应用范围之广,数量之大,品种之多,是传统的天然皮革无法满足的。</p><p>PU 革在制造工艺上比PVC革要复杂一些,由于PU的底布是抗拉强度好的帆布PU料,除了可以涂覆在底布的上面外,还可以将底布包含在中间,使之外观看不到底布的存在。</p><p>PU革的物理性能要比PVC革好,耐曲折、柔软度好、抗拉强度大、具有透气性(PVC无)。</p><p>PVC革的花纹是通过钢制的花纹辊热压而成的;PU革的花纹是用一种花纹纸先热贴压在半成品革表面,等待冷却下来后再进行将纸革的分离,做表面处理。</p><p>PU革的价格比PVC革的要高一倍以上,某些特殊要求的PU革的价格要比PVC革要高2―3倍。一般PU革所需要的花纹纸只能用4―5次即告报废;花纹辊的使用周期长,因此PU革的成本比PVC革的为高。</p><p>PU 根据表面成份的不同分为:</p><ul><li>全 PU</li><li>半 PU(SEMI PU)</li></ul><p>区别在于:</p><ul><li>相对全 PU 更薄,更柔软,弹性更大。</li><li>主要用厚度、手感(柔软度)、价格来区分。</li><li>价格:PVC < 半PU < PU,半PU与PU之间非专业人士很难鉴别。</li></ul><p>PU 革从结构上分为纹路、表面和底。</p><ul><li>常见的纹路包括荔枝纹(根据纹路大小可分为小荔枝纹和大荔枝纹)、石头纹、蛇纹、鸵鸟纹、纳帕纹、十字纹(大十字、小十字)、镜面革。有些工程并非使用这些形象的名字来命名纹路,而是使用比较文艺的名字,如水平如镜等。</li><li>PU 一般是绒布底,PVC 一般是针织底和水刺底(或者无纺布底)。</li></ul><p>合成革的宽幅一般都是 1.35,纺织布料一般都是 1.45。一般用于复合的材料有杂革和无纺布,无纺布的宽幅是 1.55,如果和 PU 复合,就要使用较小的宽幅,及 PU 的 1.35。</p><p>荔枝纹:</p><figure class="image-bubble"> <div class="img-lightbox"> <div class="overlay"></div> <img src="../resources/images/litchi-line.jpg" alt="" title=""> </div> <div class="image-caption"></div> </figure><p>石头纹:</p><figure class="image-bubble"> <div class="img-lightbox"> <div class="overlay"></div> <img src="../resources/images/stone-line.jpg" alt="" title=""> </div> <div class="image-caption"></div> </figure><p>纳帕纹:</p><figure class="image-bubble"> <div class="img-lightbox"> <div class="overlay"></div> <img src="../resources/images/nappa-line.jpg" alt="" title=""> </div> <div class="image-caption"></div> </figure><p>蛇纹:</p><figure class="image-bubble"> <div class="img-lightbox"> <div class="overlay"></div> <img src="../resources/images/snake-line.jpg" alt="" title=""> </div> <div class="image-caption"></div> </figure><p>鸵鸟纹:</p><figure class="image-bubble"> <div class="img-lightbox"> <div class="overlay"></div> <img src="../resources/images/ostrich-line.jpg" alt="" title=""> </div> <div class="image-caption"></div> </figure><p>镜面革:</p><figure class="image-bubble"> <div class="img-lightbox"> <div class="overlay"></div> <img src="../resources/images/mirror-line.jpg" alt="" title=""> </div> <div class="image-caption"></div> </figure><h2 id="半-PU"><a href="#半-PU" class="headerlink" title="半 PU"></a>半 PU</h2><p>合成革是一种很好的皮革代用品,用于做冬天的皮夹克,但是由于合成革使用 TPU(聚氨酯弹性体)加工而成的。而TPU价格由非常贵,所以国内很多的生产厂家就用PVC来部分替代,他们是这样做的:布基上先涂上PVC (人造革)然后在涂上TPU的涂层。</p><p>这样价格就可以大大的下降,但是 PVC中的增塑剂不到一年就会迁移出来,造成合成革(其实是人造革)变硬、变脆,所以有一些顾客买了新的皮夹克不到一年就边脆、开裂了,其实这种在生产合成革的工厂叫他是半合成革或半PU革。</p><p>半 PU 革可以用一种很简单的方法鉴定,就是用铜丝放在火加热,一直到火的颜色是红色的(不能有绿色)时候,铜丝也在火中烧红,将铜丝马上放到合成革上,合成革就熔化到铜丝上,最后,将铜丝再放到火上烧,如果此时的火是绿色的,则证明有 PVC,是半 PU 革,如果此时的火是红色的则证明是 PU 革。</p><h2 id="杂革"><a href="#杂革" class="headerlink" title="杂革"></a>杂革</h2><h2 id="PVC-与-PU-的区别"><a href="#PVC-与-PU-的区别" class="headerlink" title="PVC 与 PU 的区别"></a>PVC 与 PU 的区别</h2><table><thead><tr><th>属性</th><th>PVC</th><th>PU</th><th>半 PU</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>柔软度</td><td>较硬,韧性较差</td><td>较软,韧性较好</td><td>最软</td></tr><tr><td>厚度</td><td>最厚</td><td>次厚</td><td>最薄</td></tr><tr><td>价格(元/米)</td><td>7-16,环保 + 2.0</td><td>16-35, 环保 + 1.5</td><td>13.5-16, 环保 + 1.5</td></tr><tr><td>宽幅(有效)</td><td>1.35米</td><td>1.35米</td><td>1.35米</td></tr><tr><td>起订量</td><td>500m</td><td>1000m</td><td>1000m</td></tr><tr><td>耐力</td><td>用手能撕开</td><td>用手不能撕开</td><td>用手不能撕开</td></tr><tr><td>底布</td><td>较稀、较薄</td><td>较厚</td><td>较厚</td></tr><tr><td>比重</td><td>比重大</td><td>比重小</td><td>比重小</td></tr><tr><td>纹路</td><td>纹路较深。中间的发泡层比较明显。</td><td>纹路较浅</td><td>纹路较浅</td></tr></tbody></table><p>从边角看PU的底布要比PVC厚许多,手感方面也有区别,PU的手感柔软一些;PVC的手感较硬一些;也可以用火来烧,PU的味道比PVC的味道要淡很多。</p><p>PU、半 PU 和 PVC 一般用于女包、化妆包、公文包、背包、运动包。登山包一帮使用牛津布料,因为牛津布的防水,而且较 PU 和 PVC 轻。</p><p>半 PU 因为比较软,需要复合一层(或者加厚、胶水),使其撑起成型。考虑到价格原因,有时候可以使用半 PU 复合一层来代替 PU。</p><p>注意,广东的起订量单位为码,1 码 = 0.914米,核算价格时注意单位换算。欧盟和美国会提到环保,谈判的时候需要注意。</p><h2 id="真皮"><a href="#真皮" class="headerlink" title="真皮"></a>真皮</h2><p>“真皮”在皮革制品市场上是常见的字样,是人们为区别合成革而对天然皮革的一种习惯叫法;在消费者的观念中,“真皮”也具有非假的含意。</p><p>把皮剖成几层,带粒面的称为头层皮,以下依次为二层皮、三层皮,带肉面层的为肉面剖层皮,以块为单位。</p><p><strong>全粒面:</strong></p><p>粒面花纹保持完整,天然毛孔和纹理清晰可见的皮革。<br>正如木材的木纹、木质和斑痕应该展现出它所属树种的自然本色一样,皮革也应展示出它所属的动物的特点。越好的皮革,需要的修饰越少。较便宜的皮革的原有粒面被磨去并被涂上颜料,被压花以假粒面来代替,它们不象全粒面皮革一样柔软。尽管被一层颜料盖住,但原有的纹理变化依然可见。</p><p>全粒面革应居榜首,因为它是由伤残较少的上等原料皮加工而成,革面上保留完好的天然状态,涂层薄,能展现出动物皮自然的花纹美。它不仅耐磨,而且具有良好的透气性。</p><p><strong>半粒面:</strong></p><p>将皮革的粒面层只轻轻磨去一部分,但应在整张皮革面上仍保留未磨掉的那部分粒面,粒面上仍可见到天然毛孔和纹理的皮革。由于英文中使用了 “Top顶”这个词,所以这个术语成了在皮革工业中最容易混淆的。人们猜测 “Top顶”表示最好、顶级的,在这里并不是,这里使用了”Top顶”这个词是因为顶层可以被磨砂、涂颜料和印花纹。基本上说,半粒面皮革不是剖层皮。<br>剖层</p><p><strong>修面革:</strong></p><p>将粒面表面部分磨去,以减轻粒面瑕疵的影响,然后通过不同整饰方法造出一个假粒面以模仿全粒面皮的皮革。世界皮革产量的18%属于这种皮革。这种皮革经过较多的加工,如:磨砂、打磨、压花、涂颜料来掩饰原有的瑕疵,虫咬、铁丝网的擦伤、角伤等在涂饰前可用磨砂去掉。头层皮是带粒面的外层皮,约 0.9至1.5mm,称为C级的皮革符合这个种类的标准。这种皮革很明显需要打磨,因为除了用人工造出假粒面来代替原有的表面外,就别无用途了。世界皮革产量其余的65%是不适合做家具,只能用作制鞋、衣服、皮带、手袋和汽车座垫。</p><p>修面革,是利用磨革机将革表面轻磨后进行涂饰,再压上相应的花纹而制成的。实际上是对带有伤残或粗糙的天然革面进行了“整容”。此种革几乎失掉原有的表面状态,涂饰层较厚,耐磨性和透气性比全粒面革较差。</p><h3 id="鉴别方法"><a href="#鉴别方法" class="headerlink" title="鉴别方法"></a>鉴别方法</h3><p><strong>鉴别真皮和人造皮的方法:</strong></p><ol><li>手感:用手触摸皮革表面,如有滑爽、柔软、丰满、弹性的感觉就是真皮;而一般人造合成革面发涩、死板、柔软性差。人造革,用手指按压革面,没有明显的毛孔皱纹,如按压后有皱纹,也不会明显自然消失。</li><li>眼看。观察真皮革面有较清晰的毛孔,花纹。人造革,尽管也仿制了毛孔,但不清晰。</li><li>嗅味:凡是真皮都有皮革的气味;而人造革都具有刺激性较强的塑料气味。</li><li>点燃:从真皮革和人造革背面撕下一点纤维,点燃后,凡发出刺鼻的气味,结成疙瘩的是人造革;凡是发出毛发气味,不结硬疙瘩的是真皮。 </li></ol><p><strong>头层皮和二层皮的鉴定方法</strong></p><ol><li><p>摸手感</p><ul><li>头层牛皮是价值较高的皮革,通常不会做很厚的涂层,所以手感基本保留了皮革的柔韧感和悬垂感。</li><li>二层牛皮因为要经过比较厚的涂饰或者经过覆膜,所以手感有些发硬发梗,比较死板,缺少悬垂感。</li><li>幅面尺寸<br> 头层皮基本保留了蓝湿皮的全部面积,其皮材的张幅面积较大,而且皮面匀称。对二层皮而言,在剖离头层皮时,会有较大的损耗,皮面面积比头层皮会小很多,而且会有较多的伤残部分。</li></ul></li><li><p>抗撕扯:按照整车厂的要求,真皮皮材抗撕裂能力在40公斤/平方厘米。具体来说,二层皮剪一个小口后,成年人能很轻松地撕裂。而头层黄牛皮剪一个小口,成年人也要费力才能撕裂。</p></li><li><p>粒面纹路:头层皮包含乳头层,具有自然的颗粒型粒面和毛孔。用手按下去,自然的皮革皱纹会发生伸缩。而二层皮虽然有人工仿制的纹路,但是没有毛孔,用手按下去,涂层或腹膜的仿皮革皱纹不会发生伸缩变化。</p></li></ol><p><strong>猪革、马革、牛革、羊革的特点和鉴别方法:</strong></p><p>黄牛皮有较匀称的细毛孔,牦牛皮有较粗而稀疏的毛孔,山羊皮有鱼鳞状的毛孔,猪皮有三角粗毛孔。一般来说,皮革表面毛孔的粗细、疏密和分布情况是区分牛革、猪革、马革和羊革的主要依据。</p><ul><li>牛皮革:面细,强度高,最适宜制作皮鞋。</li><li>羊革:革粒面的毛孔扁圆,毛孔清楚,几根组成一组,排列呈鱼鳞状。羊皮革轻,薄而软,是皮革服装的理想面料。</li><li>猪革:表面的毛孔圆而粗大,较倾斜的伸入革内,毛孔的排列为三根一组,革面呈现许多小三角形的图案。猪皮革的透气透水汽性能好,较适于制做内衣和儿童用品;</li><li>马革:革表面的毛孔呈椭圆形,比黄牛革毛孔稍大,排列较有规律。用于制作皮裤和皮靴效果较好。</li></ul><p><strong>区分水牛革和黄牛革:</strong></p><p>黄牛革和水牛革都称为牛革,但二者也有一定的差别。</p><ul><li>黄牛革表面的毛孔呈圆形,较直地伸入革内,毛孔紧密而均匀,排列不规则,好象满天星斗。</li><li>水牛革表面的毛孔比黄牛革粗大,毛孔数较黄牛革稀少,革质较松弛,不如黄牛革细致丰满。</li></ul><h3 id="价格"><a href="#价格" class="headerlink" title="价格"></a>价格</h3><p>头层皮的价格在 800-1000元。有的供应商按 32<em>32/英寸,有的按 28</em>28/英寸来算,在采购的时候要问清楚。</p><p>真皮价格:真皮计量单位:平方英尺(常规 1平方英尺=28*28cm )</p><ul><li>头层皮 15-16元/平方英尺</li><li>二层皮 8-9元/平方英尺</li><li>复合皮 6-8元/平方英尺</li></ul><p>(注:询问真皮价格时,问清楚1平方英尺是按多少厘米算的,因为有些供应商按“1平方英尺=23*23cm ”计算)</p><p>真皮 损耗率≥40%(动物皮不规则,损耗较大)</p>]]></content>
<summary type="html">
<h2 id="皮革"><a href="#皮革" class="headerlink" title="皮革"></a>皮革</h2><p>皮革是经脱毛和鞣制等物理、化学加工所得到的已经变性不易腐烂的动物皮。革是由天然蛋白质纤维在三维空间紧密编织构成的,其表面有一种特殊的粒面层,
</summary>
<category term="Bag" scheme="http://blog.inesoi.com/categories/Bag/"/>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>Fabric</title>
<link href="http://blog.inesoi.com/bag-fabric.html"/>
<id>http://blog.inesoi.com/bag-fabric.html</id>
<published>2015-10-02T16:00:00.000Z</published>
<updated>2018-08-19T10:09:33.806Z</updated>
<content type="html"><![CDATA[<h2 id="牛津布-Oxford"><a href="#牛津布-Oxford" class="headerlink" title="牛津布 Oxford"></a>牛津布 Oxford</h2><p>See <a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/358679.htm" target="_blank" rel="external">牛津布_百度百科</a></p><p>牛津布(oxford),又称牛津纺。起源于英国,以牛津大学命名的传统精梳棉织物,牛津布始于1900年左右。采用较细的精梳高支纱线作双经,与较粗的纬纱以纬重平组织交织而成。</p><p>起源于英国,以牛津大学命名的传统精梳棉织物,牛津布始于1900年左右。早期为该校学生校服面料的传统精梳棉织物。</p><p>起订量一般为 1400m。</p><p>可以用于背包、电脑包、腰包、书包、午餐包、背包、购物袋。女包一般不用涤纶牛津布,要用也使用尼龙牛津布,表面更亮一些。</p><p>按照表层的纺织布料的粗细程度分为不同的档次,210D,300D,420D, 600D,1280D,1680D, 1800D。210D 通常用于作里布。</p><h3 id="特点"><a href="#特点" class="headerlink" title="特点"></a>特点</h3><ul><li>牛津布由面料和涂层构成,表面为纺织布料,背面为涂层。图层的材料分为 PVC 涂层和 PU 涂层。PU 图层几乎用肉眼看不到。</li><li>色泽柔和,布身柔软,透气性好,穿着舒适,易洗速干,多用作衬衣、运动服和睡衣等。</li><li>产品品种花式较多,有素色、漂白、色经白纬、色经色纬、双经单纬、中浅色条形花纹,2/2重平组织等;布面有清晰的色点效果。</li></ul><p>可以用于背包、电脑包、腰包、书包、午餐包、背包、购物袋。女包一般不用涤纶牛津布,要用也使用尼龙牛津布,表面更亮一些。</p><h3 id="分类"><a href="#分类" class="headerlink" title="分类"></a>分类</h3><p>根据使用材质的不同,分为尼龙牛津布和涤纶牛津布。</p><p>牛津布是一种功能多样,用途广泛的新型面料,市场上主要有:套格、全弹、锦纶、提格等品种。</p><ul><li><p>套格牛津布。专门用于制作各类箱包。</p><p> 该面料经纬线都采用涤纶FDY150D/36F。织物应用平纹组织在喷水织机交织而成,经纬密度为360X210,坯布经松弛、碱量、染色、防静电、涂层等处理后,具有质地轻薄、手感柔软、防水性好、耐用性好等优势。这样的牛津布做箱包是最好的,也是最常见的。</p></li><li><p>锦纶牛津布。主要制作防汛防雨用品。</p><p> 该面料经线采用200D锦纶空变丝,纬线采用160D锦纶空变丝为原料。系平纹组织结构,产品经喷水织造而成。坯布经过染整、涂层工艺处理后,具有手感柔软、悬垂性强、风格新颖、防水性能良好等优点,布面具锦纶丝光泽感观效应。因其质量优良、花色新颖,深受用户喜爱。其布面宽幅为150cm,据了解,面料以不褪色、不变形等优势立足市场。上市色泽有藏青、淡黑、虎黄、墨绿等不同种类,并可按客户需求批量选染各种不同的颜色。</p></li><li><p>全弹牛津布。主要制作箱包。</p><p> 该面料经纬丝都采用涤纶DTY300D丝,选用粗点变化透空组织在喷水龙头织机上交织而成。织物经松弛精练、预定型、碱减量、柔软定型后,面料反面再经橡塑涤层。用此面料制作的箱包以其时尚的外观、细腻的质地、良好的防水性,受到众多爱美的新潮女士追捧,成为当前女包市场上的新宠。其面料门幅150cm</p></li><li><p>提格牛津布。主要制作各种箱包。</p><p> 该面料经丝采用涤纶DTY400D网络丝,纬丝采用涤纶DTY丝400D。采用提格组织纹理,在喷水(带龙头)织机上交织而成。面料设计新颖、工艺独特,正面格纹凸现,立体感强,成为面料最突出的部位,同时还在反面采用涂层(PU)工艺,使其防水性更强,悬垂性更好,是制作各种箱包的时尚佳料。面料宽幅为160cm.上市颜色主要有黑色、藏青、咖啡系列等几种。</p></li><li><p>纬条牛津布。主要制作各种箱包。</p><p> 该面料经丝采用涤纶FDY68D/24F,纬丝采用FDY150D/36F为原料,织造工艺采用纬向提条在喷水织(带多臂龙头) 交织而成。布面条子清晰,集现代性、艺术性、悬垂性于一体。坯布经染色、压花或压延后,具有垂感性强、防水性好等优点。面料门幅为 160cm。</p><p> 该材料目前还应用到时尚休闲灰的鞋子制作,因为材料本身的特色给穿着搭配有丰富的选择!</p></li></ul><h3 id="600D"><a href="#600D" class="headerlink" title="600D"></a>600D</h3><p>600D 牛津布分为 A、B、C、D 四个版本,A - D 版的价格渐高,更密,一般高在 10倍 放大镜下看。参考价格为:</p><ul><li>A 版:4.2元/米</li><li>B 版:4.8元/米</li><li>C 版:5.6元/米</li><li>D 版:6.5元/米</li></ul><p>其他牛津布的参考价格为:</p><ul><li>210D:2.2~3.5元/米 </li><li>420D:3.6~4.6元/米</li><li>1680D:12~16元/米</li></ul><h2 id="涤纶-Polyester"><a href="#涤纶-Polyester" class="headerlink" title="涤纶 Polyester"></a>涤纶 Polyester</h2><p>涤纶/聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯/达克纶 PET</p><p>涤纶的学名叫聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯(英语:Polyethylene Terephthalate,简称PET或PETE),简称聚酯纤维(Polyester Fiber)。</p><p>商品名为 Dacron、Terylene、Lavsan(苏联时代或俄罗斯)、的确良、涤纶、达克纶,是生活中常见的一种树脂,可以分为 APET、RPET 和 PETG。</p><p>可以用于背包、电脑包、腰包、书包、午餐包、背包、购物袋。女包一般不用涤纶牛津布,要用也使用尼龙牛津布,表面更亮一些。</p><h3 id="特点-1"><a href="#特点-1" class="headerlink" title="特点"></a>特点</h3><p><strong>优点:</strong></p><ul><li>强度高、耐冲击性好。</li><li>耐酸不耐碱,耐光性很好(仅次于腈纶),曝晒1000小时,强力保持60-70%。</li><li>良好的排湿性。</li><li>挺括,易洗快干,保形性好。具有“洗可穿”的特点。</li><li>价格比尼龙便宜,用的比较多。</li></ul><p><strong>缺点:</strong></p><ul><li>布料外表比尼龙暗,较粗糙、手感硬。</li><li>光泽不柔和、透气性。</li><li>吸湿性很差,染色困难。穿在身上发闷、不透气。</li><li>由于纤维表面光滑,纤维之间的抱合力差,经常摩擦之处易起毛、结球。</li></ul><p>涤纶纤维面料的种类较多,除织制纯涤纶织品外,还有许多和各种纺织纤维混纺或交织的产品,弥补了纯涤纶织物的不足,发挥出更好的服用性能。涤纶织物正向着仿毛、仿丝、仿麻、仿鹿皮等合成纤维天然化的方向发展。</p><p>一般 75D 的倍数的布料为涤沦,如75D,150D,300D,600D,1200D,1800D均为涤沦,布料外表比尼龙暗,较粗糙。 </p><h2 id="涤纶牛津布"><a href="#涤纶牛津布" class="headerlink" title="涤纶牛津布"></a>涤纶牛津布</h2><p>See <a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/1196144.htm" target="_blank" rel="external">涤纶牛津布_百度百科</a></p><p>涤纶牛津布面料(布料):主要制作防汛防雨用品 该面料经线采用200D锦纶空变丝,纬线采用160D锦纶空变丝为原料。系平纹组织结构,产品经喷水织造而成。坯布经过染整、涂层工艺处理后,具有手感柔软、悬垂性强、风格新颖、防水性能等优点,布面具锦纶丝光泽感观效应。</p><p>涤纶是一种材料,牛津布是一种纺织方式,其中可能含有涤纶。其中套格牛津布,提格牛津布,全弹牛津布,都是涤纶牛津布.</p><h2 id="尼龙-锦纶-Nulon"><a href="#尼龙-锦纶-Nulon" class="headerlink" title="尼龙/锦纶/Nulon"></a>尼龙/锦纶/Nulon</h2><p>尼龙/锦纶/聚酰胺纤维/尼龙/锦纶/耐纶 Nylon/PA。</p><p>发明于1935年2月28日,发明者为美国威尔明顿杜邦公司的华莱士·卡罗瑟斯。</p><p>一般 70D 的倍数的布料即为尼龙,如 70D,210D,420D,840D,1680D均为尼龙材质(但是市面上因为价格的关系也用涤纶来制造的),布料的光泽度比较亮,手感较滑。 </p><p>但是市面上因为价格的关系也用涤纶来制造的。</p><p>Nylon is a thermoplastic, silky material, first used commercially in a nylon-bristled toothbrush (1938), followed more famously by women’s stockings (“nylons”; 1940) after being introduced as a fabric at the 1939 New York World’s Fair.</p><p>尼龙是一种丝滑的,具有热塑性的材料,第一个商业应用在尼龙毛牙刷(1938年),其后更著名女性的丝袜(“尼龙”,1940年)。尼龙是第一个商业成功的合成热塑性聚合物。</p><p>用途:长丝,多用于针织和丝绸工业;短纤,大都与羊毛或毛型化纤混纺。工业:帘子线和渔网,也可作地毯,绳索,传送带,筛网等</p><p><strong>Ripstop nylon</strong> is a light-weight nylon fabric with interwoven ripstop reinforcement threads in a crosshatch pattern. </p><ul><li>Diamond Ripstop</li><li>Mini-Ripstop</li></ul><h3 id="特点-2"><a href="#特点-2" class="headerlink" title="特点"></a>特点</h3><p><strong>优点:</strong></p><p>Water-repellent and tear-resistant Nylon Material. </p><ul><li>Excellent abrasion resistance 最大优点是耐磨。</li><li>Durability: its high tenacity fibers are used for seatbelts, tire cords, ballistic cloth and other uses. 结实耐用:其高强度纤维可用于安全带,轮胎帘线,防弹布和其他用途。</li><li>密度小,织物轻</li><li>Softer “Hand” 柔顺</li><li>Pleats and creases can be heat-set at higher temperatures 可以高温定性褶和折痕</li><li>Highly resilient 高弹性,如钓鱼用的尼龙线</li><li>More compact molecular structure 更紧凑的分子结构</li><li>Paved the way for easy-care garments 免烫</li><li>耐疲劳破坏,化学稳定性也很好,耐碱不耐酸</li><li>High melting point (256 °C/492.8 °F) 熔点高(256℃/ 492.8°F)</li><li>Superior colorfastness 色牢度高</li><li>Variation of luster: nylon has the ability to be very lustrous, semilustrous or dull. 光泽变化:尼龙可是有光泽,半光泽,或无光泽。</li></ul><p><strong>缺点:</strong></p><ul><li>锦纶的缺点与涤纶一样,吸湿性和通透性都较差。</li><li>在耐日光性不好,织物久晒就会变黄,强度下降,吸湿也不好,但比腈纶,涤纶好。</li><li>干燥环境下,锦纶易产生静电</li><li>短纤维织物也易起毛、起球</li><li>锦纶的耐热、耐光性都不够好,熨烫承受温度应控制在140℃以下。</li><li>锦纶的保形性差,用其做成的衣服不如涤纶挺括,易变形。</li><li>但它可以随身附体,是制做各种体形衫的好材料。</li></ul><p>On the other hand, nylon 6 is easy to dye, more readily fades; it has a higher impact resistance, a more rapid moisture absorption, greater elasticity and elastic recovery. 另一方面,尼龙6是容易染色,更容易褪色;它具有较高的耐冲击性,更快速的吸湿性,弹性较大和弹性回复。</p><p><strong>优点:</strong></p><ul><li>优点是高强度、高耐磨性、高抗化学性及良好的抗变形性,抗老化性。</li><li>布料的光泽度比较亮,手感较滑。</li></ul><p><strong>缺点:</strong></p><ul><li>表层防水,水滴上去表层会形成水珠。仿的尼龙表层还是会湿,不能通过图层防水。</li><li>尼龙的价格比涤纶的贵。</li></ul><p>比较有名的有PERTEX,CORDURA。</p><h2 id="涤纶与尼龙区别"><a href="#涤纶与尼龙区别" class="headerlink" title="涤纶与尼龙区别"></a>涤纶与尼龙区别</h2><table><thead><tr><th>特性/材质</th><th>尼龙</th><th>涤纶</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>感官</td><td>外表光泽度亮,手感滑</td><td>外表光泽度较暗,表面较粗糙</td></tr><tr><td>用指甲刮</td><td>痕迹不明显</td><td>有明显痕迹</td></tr><tr><td>燃烧</td><td>冒白烟,燃烧后成塑,残物不能捏碎</td><td>冒黑烟,残物可以捏碎</td></tr><tr><td>性能</td><td>表面防水,耐磨,受力,色牢度</td><td>涂层防水,涂层会有白色划痕</td></tr><tr><td>涂层</td><td>PU/优力胶/PVC 涂层</td><td>PVC 涂层</td></tr><tr><td>普通价格(元/米)</td><td>7-16</td><td>4.5-6.5</td></tr><tr><td>环保价格</td><td>+ 1.5-2</td><td>+ 1.5-2</td></tr><tr><td>宽幅</td><td>1.45米</td><td>1.45米</td></tr><tr><td>起订量</td><td>1000米</td><td>1000米</td></tr></tbody></table><p><strong>尼龙和涤纶燃烧现象:</strong></p><ul><li>尼龙,近火焰即迅速卷缩熔成白色胶状,在火焰中熔燃滴落并起泡,燃烧时没有火焰,离开火焰难继续燃烧,散发出芹菜味,冷却后浅褐色熔融物不易研碎。 </li><li>涤纶,易点燃,近火焰即熔缩,燃烧时边熔化边冒黑烟,呈黄色火焰,散发芳香气味,烧后灰烬为黑褐色硬块,用手指可捻碎。 </li></ul><h2 id="无纺布-Non-Woven-Fabric"><a href="#无纺布-Non-Woven-Fabric" class="headerlink" title="无纺布/Non Woven Fabric"></a>无纺布/Non Woven Fabric</h2><p>See <a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/15374.htm" target="_blank" rel="external">无纺布_百度百科</a></p><p>无纺布(英文名:Non Woven Fabric 或者 Nonwoven cloth)又称不织布,是由定向的或随机的纤维而构成,是新一代环保材料,具有防潮、透气、柔韧、质轻、不助燃、容易分解、无毒无刺激性、色彩丰富、价格低廉、可循环再用等特点。如多采用聚丙烯(pp材质)粒料为原料,经高温熔融、喷丝、铺纲、热压卷取连续一步法生产而成。因具有布的外观和某些性能而称其为布。</p><p><strong>特点:</strong></p><p>无纺布没有经纬线,剪裁和缝纫都非常方便,而且质轻容易定型,深受手工爱好者的喜爱。</p><p>它不是由一根一根的纱线交织、编结在一起的,而是将纤维直接通过物理的方法粘合在一起的,所以,当你拿到你衣服里的粘称时,就会发现,是抽不出一根根的线头的。非织造布突破了传统的纺织原理,并具有工艺流程短、生产速率快,产量高、成本低、用途广、原料来源多等特点。</p><p><strong>无纺布与纺粘布的关系:</strong></p><p>纺粘布与无纺布是从属关系。无纺布的制造有许多的生产工艺,其中纺粘法是其中的一种无纺布生产工艺(包括纺粘法、熔喷法、热轧法、水剌法,现市面上大部分都是用纺粘法生产的无纺布)</p><p>无纺布根据成分,有涤纶、丙纶、锦纶、氨纶、腈纶等;不同的成分会有截然不同的无纺布风格。而纺粘布,通常指的是涤纶纺粘、丙纶纺粘;而这两种布的风格非常接近,通过高温测试才能判别出。</p><p>无纺布是一种非织造布,它是直接利用高聚物切片、短纤维或长丝将纤维通过气流或机械成网,然后经过水刺,针刺,或热轧加固,最后经过后整理形成的无编织的布料。具有柔软、透气和平面结构的新型纤维制品,优点是不产生纤维屑,强韧、耐用、丝般柔软,也是增强材料的一种,而且还有棉质的感觉,和棉织品相比,无纺布的袋子容易成形,而且造价便宜。</p><p>优点:</p><ol><li>质轻:以聚丙烯树脂为主要生产原料,比重仅0.9,只有棉花的五分之三,具蓬松性,手感好。</li><li>柔软:由细纤维组成(2-3D)轻点状热熔粘结成型。成品柔软度适中,具舒适感。</li><li>拨水、透气:聚丙烯切片不吸水,含水率零,成品拨水性佳,由100%纤维组成具多孔性,透气性佳,易保持布面干爽、易洗涤。</li><li>无毒、无刺激性:产品采用符合FDA食品级原料生产,不含其他化学成分,性能稳定,无毒、无异味,不刺激皮肤。</li><li>抗菌、抗化学药剂:聚丙烯属化学钝性物质,不虫蛀,并能隔离存在液体内细菌及虫类的侵蚀;抗菌、碱腐蚀、成品不因侵蚀而影响强度。</li><li>抗菌性。制品具拔水性,不发霉,并能隔离存在液体内细菌及虫类的侵蚀,不霉蛀。</li><li>物性佳。由聚丙烯纺丝直接铺成网热粘结而成,制品强度较一般短纤产品为佳,强度无方向性,纵横向强度相近。</li><li>在环保方面,使用的大多数无纺布的原材料是聚丙烯,而塑料袋的原材料是聚乙烯,两种物质虽然名字相似,但在化学结构上却相差甚远。聚乙烯的化学分子结构具有相当强的稳定性,极难降解,所以塑料袋需要300年才可分解完毕;而聚丙烯的化学结构不牢固,分子链很容易就可断裂,从而可以有效地降解,并且在无毒的形态中进入下一步环境循环,一个无纺布购物袋在90天内就可以彻底分解。而且无纺布购物袋可重复使用10次以上,废弃后对环境的污染度也只有塑料袋的10%。</li></ol><p>缺点:</p><ol><li>与纺织布相比强度和耐久性较差。</li><li>不能像其他布料一样清洗。</li><li>纤维按一定方向排列、所以容易从直角方向裂开等等。因此生产方法的改善主要放在防止分裂的改良上。</li></ol><h2 id="帆布-Canvas"><a href="#帆布-Canvas" class="headerlink" title="帆布 Canvas"></a>帆布 Canvas</h2><p>帆布(canvas)是一种较粗厚的棉织物或麻织物。因最初用于船帆而得名。一般多采用平纹组织,少量的用斜纹组织,经纬纱均用多股线。</p><p>常用与斜挎包、背包、妈咪包、沙滩包。由于其具有耐磨的特性,也可以用于登山包。</p><p>没有涂层,化学成份为棉,而牛津的化学成份化纤。现在有些帆布表面会涂一层 PVC(过胶、雅膜)。</p><h3 id="分类-1"><a href="#分类-1" class="headerlink" title="分类"></a>分类</h3><p>市场上有全棉帆布和涤棉帆布之分,全棉帆布较贵。</p><p>帆布通常分粗帆布和细帆布两大类。</p><ul><li>粗帆布又称篷盖布,常用58号(10英支)4~7股线织制,织物坚牢耐折,具有良好的防水性能,用于汽车运输和露天仓库的遮盖以及野外搭帐篷。</li><li>细帆布经纬纱一般为2股58号至6股28号(10英支/2~21英支/6),用于制作劳动保护服装及其用品。经染色后也可用作鞋、旅行袋、背包、等面料。</li></ul><p>粗帆布又称蓬盖布,具有良好的防水性能,用于汽车运输和露天仓库的遮盖以及野外搭帐篷。细帆布用于制作劳动保护服装及其用品,经染色或印花后,也可用作鞋材、箱包面料、手袋、背包、桌布、台布等等。此外,还有橡胶帆布,防火、防辐射用的屏蔽帆布,造纸机用的帆布。</p><p>帆布织物 <em>密度</em> 的计算单位以公制计,是指一平方英寸内经纬纱排列的根数。密度的大小,直接影响织物的外观,手感,厚度,强力,抗折性,透气性,耐磨性和保暖性能等物理机械指标,同时他也关系到产品的成本和生产效率的大小。因此,密度越大防水性越好。</p><p><strong>根据材质不同分为涤棉帆布和纯棉帆布。</strong></p><ul><li>纯棉(100% cutton canvas):手感好 不耐干 结实。</li><li>涤棉(TC canvas):一般情况下:65% 涤,35% 棉。表面比纯棉亮滑。</li><li>再生棉:可回收再利用。用的不多。</li></ul><p><strong>按水洗分类:</strong></p><ul><li>水洗帆布:颜色比较复古,泛白,就像水洗过了一样。</li><li>染色帆布:色彩鲜艳,易掉色,但取决于质量。帆布的原始颜色为米黄色。</li></ul><h3 id="特点-3"><a href="#特点-3" class="headerlink" title="特点"></a>特点</h3><ul><li>耐磨</li><li>透气</li><li>可降解</li><li>耐洗</li><li>不防水</li></ul><h3 id="幅宽和价格"><a href="#幅宽和价格" class="headerlink" title="幅宽和价格"></a>幅宽和价格</h3><p>帆布幅宽为1.45米。</p><p>常用帆布价格:</p><ul><li>10安=7.5元/码</li><li>12安=11.5元/码</li><li>14安=13.5元/码</li><li>16安=15.5元/码</li><li>22安=20元/码</li></ul><h2 id="斜纹"><a href="#斜纹" class="headerlink" title="斜纹"></a>斜纹</h2><h2 id="花瑶"><a href="#花瑶" class="headerlink" title="花瑶"></a>花瑶</h2><p>花瑶因为有加捻,看上去有一丝丝像蛔虫似的暗纹,注意是暗纹哦,锦涤纺最薄的和最厚的差别很大,一般有双色的和单色的,薄的做服装里料,厚的做面料,有部分品种也叫变色龙,做唐装用的。锦涤纺部分品种也有纹路的,不过比较显眼,像裂纹,闪电形状的。</p><h2 id="网布"><a href="#网布" class="headerlink" title="网布"></a>网布</h2><p>网布在箱包行业中一般用于包的两侧,前幅或后幅做于网袋用于放置物品,或者用于夹层来隔离物品!</p><ul><li>优越的透气性</li><li>回弹性,有弹性,提供缓冲保护</li><li>质地轻,易洗涤</li><li>环保无毒</li><li>网孔多样性,美观大方。</li></ul><h3 id="分类-2"><a href="#分类-2" class="headerlink" title="分类"></a>分类</h3><p><strong>根据网眼形状可分为:</strong></p><ol><li><p>三明治网布。布料分为三层。</p><p> <img src="../resources/images/sandwitch-screen-cloth.jpg" alt=""></p></li><li><p>六角网布</p><p> <img src="../resources/images/hexangular-screen-cloth.jpg" alt=""></p></li><li><p>菱形网眼布</p></li><li>方格网眼布</li><li>提花网眼布</li><li><p>鸟眼网布</p><p> <img src="../resources/images/bird-eye-screen-cloth.jpg" alt=""></p></li><li><p>珠地网眼布。珠地网眼,广义的意思是以针织线圈之凹凸风格类面料的泛称,狭义的意思为针织单面圆机所织的4路一个循环的凹凸组织面料。由于面料有排列均匀整齐的凹凸效果,和皮肤接触的面在透气和散热,排汗的感觉舒适度上优于普通的单面汗布组织,一般常用做T恤、运动服等。</p><p> <img src="../resources/images/zhudi-screen-cloth.jpg" alt=""></p></li></ol><p><strong>根据网布使用的原材料可以分为:</strong></p><ol><li>PVC 网布</li><li>涤纶网布</li><li>尼龙网布</li><li>蕾丝网布</li></ol><h3 id="价格"><a href="#价格" class="headerlink" title="价格"></a>价格</h3><ul><li>六角网:1.8~6.5 元/m</li><li>三明治网:5~9 元/m</li></ul><h2 id="里布"><a href="#里布" class="headerlink" title="里布"></a>里布</h2><p>Taslon, 亚麻</p><p>服装里料就是通常听说的服装里子(夹里布),它是指用于部分或全部覆盖服装里面的材料。</p><p>里布的价格一般比面料的价格更低。</p><figure class="image-bubble"> <div class="img-lightbox"> <div class="overlay"></div> <img src="../resources/images/lining.jpg" alt="" title=""> </div> <div class="image-caption"></div> </figure><p>里布尽量不要用白色,会增加次品率。</p><p>根据客人的询盘数量,告知是否可以定做材质,不同材质起订量不一样,数量少的只能用现有材料。</p><p>以下材料常用于女包和运动包的里布:</p><ul><li>210D 牛津布。</li><li>无涂层(即看不到的 PU 图层)的 420D。</li><li>无涂层的斜纹 230D。</li><li>T/C 棉 。涤纶和棉布混纺。一般都带有印花。</li><li>斜纹。</li><li>棉布。成本比较高,用得比较少。</li><li>190T,比 210D 更薄,也是牛津布的一种,也成为涤塔夫,不常用。</li><li>塔丝绒。旁边容易拉丝,不常用。</li><li>桃皮绒。</li></ul><p>比较常见的里布品种有:涤塔夫,舒美绸,人造丝系列,雪纺,色丁等.</p><h3 id="涤塔夫里布"><a href="#涤塔夫里布" class="headerlink" title="涤塔夫里布"></a>涤塔夫里布</h3><p>涤塔夫是一种全涤布,是涤纶长丝织造,外观上光亮,手感光滑。这样的布叫涤塔夫,可以做面料和里料,一般做里料多。</p><p>taffeta是塔夫的意思,这个本来是真丝的一种分类(真丝分4大类24小类),用涤纶仿的叫做涤塔夫或者涤丝纺,尼龙的叫做尼丝纺。</p><p>属于合成纤维的一种,手感滑爽,不粘手,富有弹性,光泽明亮刺眼,颜色鲜艳夺目,不易起皱,缩水率小于5%。单丝粗细均匀,不易扯断。点燃纤维,有其他气味。[1] </p><h3 id="舒美绸里布"><a href="#舒美绸里布" class="headerlink" title="舒美绸里布"></a>舒美绸里布</h3><p>此种面料以FDY68D/24F与DTY75D/36F为原料,在喷水织机上织造,采用斜纹组织。坯绸经整理后,手感柔软、光泽亮丽、无静电,产品适于制作中高档西服、风衣、皮装等。正面以人造丝来表现其风格特色,以手感柔软滑爽、不易退色起皱、光泽亮丽、牢度强等优点,不但适宜配作休闲服和唐装的里料,而且又是时尚箱包里衬布。</p><h3 id="人造丝里布"><a href="#人造丝里布" class="headerlink" title="人造丝里布"></a>人造丝里布</h3><p>人丝里布又称为:涤粘里布,半宾霸里布,是一种仅此于宾霸的里布.常规品种有人丝斜纹,人丝平纹,人丝提花等各个品种,由于是采用涤纶和粘胶两种不同的原料混纺而成的,所以染色出来的效果是拥有真丝一般的双色效果,目前国内比较知名的人造丝里布品牌正信的”鹤立”,其生产的人造丝大提花,小提花产品等远销欧美等国。[1] .</p><h3 id="雪纺里布"><a href="#雪纺里布" class="headerlink" title="雪纺里布"></a>雪纺里布</h3><p>雪纺:在中国东方丝绸市场上全新亮相,备受南北商贾所青睐,小批量多批次成交颇为活跃。 该面料经纬丝采用涤纶FDY100D加捻,然后再经蒸烘退捻的特殊整浆工艺。织物结构采用平纹变化,<br>产品除了具有柔软、滑爽、透气、易洗的优点外,舒适性更强,悬垂性更好。面料既可染色、印花,<br>又可绣花、烫金、褶皱等。上市面料以多种浅彩色调和浅素色泽为主导产品,兼具淡汝素雅之美感。<br>面料门幅150cm,每米克重约在130克左右,是制作春夏时尚女性理想的时装面料之一。[1] </p><h3 id="色丁里布"><a href="#色丁里布" class="headerlink" title="色丁里布"></a>色丁里布</h3><p>色丁”系列:一款洋溢旺盛生命力、显示自然风貌的—“色丁”面料,它是问世已久的老品种,<br>但盛泽地区的纺织界对其产品进行了改版,除了采用大有光三角异型丝原料和织造工艺创新外,<br>也在面料染整后处理工艺延伸,其密度增加,手感更柔软,功能更拓展。“色丁”己经形成系列并且在吴江东方丝绸市场上应市的“色丁”织造风格有缎纹、坚条、竹节、提花等。</p><h3 id="针织里布"><a href="#针织里布" class="headerlink" title="针织里布"></a>针织里布</h3><p>1.采用珠光多纤维原料使产品呈现别具特色的缎面效果,令成衣更具高雅,华丽的感觉。<br>2.经编结构无需锁边也不易撕裂,满足设计师各种设计要求。<br>3.良好的伸展回弹性扩大了针织里布的有效使用率。<br>4..双向经纬的弹力使产品能应用于各种服饰。<br>5.同时拥有滑爽如内衣般的轻柔触感,及贴合人体的高垂感。<br>6.经过一段时间洗涤也能保持效果的耐久防静电加工。<br>7.采用环保染色技术,不污染环境不影响人体健康。[2] </p><p>铝膜、复铝膜珍珠棉常用于冰包、午餐包的里布。使用其防水隔热的特性。复铝膜珍珠棉越厚,价格越高,厚度单位为 mm。</p><p>背包一般使用 210D 或者 230D 作为里布。</p><p><strong>铝箔复合珍珠棉:</strong></p><figure class="image-bubble"> <div class="img-lightbox"> <div class="overlay"></div> <img src="../resources/images/alum-pearl-wool.jpg" alt="" title=""> </div> <div class="image-caption"></div> </figure><p><strong>铝膜</strong></p><figure class="image-bubble"> <div class="img-lightbox"> <div class="overlay"></div> <img src="../resources/images/aluminum.jpg" alt="" title=""> </div> <div class="image-caption"></div> </figure><p><strong>珍珠棉:</strong></p><figure class="image-bubble"> <div class="img-lightbox"> <div class="overlay"></div> <img src="../resources/images/pearl-wool.jpg" alt="" title=""> </div> <div class="image-caption"></div> </figure><p>聚乙烯发泡棉是非交联闭孔结构,又称 EPE 珍珠棉 , 是一种新型环保的包装材料。它由低密度聚乙烯脂经物理发泡产生无数的独立气泡构成。克服了普通发泡胶易碎、变形、恢复性差的缺点。具有隔水防潮、防震、隔音、保温、可塑性能佳、韧性强、循环再造、环保、抗撞力强等诸多优点,亦具有很好的抗化学性能。是传统包装材料的理想替代品。 </p><p><strong>铝箔复合珍珠棉:</strong></p><figure class="image-bubble"> <div class="img-lightbox"> <div class="overlay"></div> <img src="../resources/images/alum-pearl-wool.jpg" alt="" title=""> </div> <div class="image-caption"></div> </figure><p><strong>铝膜</strong></p><figure class="image-bubble"> <div class="img-lightbox"> <div class="overlay"></div> <img src="../resources/images/aluminum.jpg" alt="" title=""> </div> <div class="image-caption"></div> </figure><p><strong>珍珠棉:</strong></p><figure class="image-bubble"> <div class="img-lightbox"> <div class="overlay"></div> <img src="../resources/images/pearl-wool.jpg" alt="" title=""> </div> <div class="image-caption"></div> </figure><p>聚乙烯发泡棉是非交联闭孔结构,又称 EPE 珍珠棉 , 是一种新型环保的包装材料。它由低密度聚乙烯脂经物理发泡产生无数的独立气泡构成。克服了普通发泡胶易碎、变形、恢复性差的缺点。具有隔水防潮、防震、隔音、保温、可塑性能佳、韧性强、循环再造、环保、抗撞力强等诸多优点,亦具有很好的抗化学性能。是传统包装材料的理想替代品。 </p><h2 id="纺织布料常用概念"><a href="#纺织布料常用概念" class="headerlink" title="纺织布料常用概念"></a>纺织布料常用概念</h2><h3 id="克重"><a href="#克重" class="headerlink" title="克重"></a>克重</h3><p>克重:指一平方米布料的重量克数。</p><p>梭织帆布面料用<code>盎司</code>、<code>安</code>或 <code>OZ</code>,针织帆布一般用克重(g/m<sup>2</sup>)。其中 <code>安</code>是 <code>安士</code> 的缩写,英文表示为 <code>OZ</code>。</p><pre><code>1盎司 = 28.3495231g/m<sup>2</sup></code></pre><p>安数越大,经纬度越粗。</p><h3 id="纱支"><a href="#纱支" class="headerlink" title="纱支"></a>纱支</h3><p>纱支简而言之,即指纱的粗细程度。</p><p>一磅(454克)重的棉纱(或其它成分纱),长度为840码(0.9144码/米)时,纱的细度为一支。如果一磅纱,其长度是10×840码,其细度是10支,纱支的表示方法英制式的表示符号是英文字母“S” 。单根纱的表示方法是:32支单纱,表示为32S。</p><p>股线的表示方法是:32支股线(两亘并捻)既为:32S/2,42支3 根并捻既为:42S/3。</p><p>纱支越大,纱越细。</p><h3 id="幅宽和起订量"><a href="#幅宽和起订量" class="headerlink" title="幅宽和起订量"></a>幅宽和起订量</h3><p>幅宽:指帆布的纬向宽度,在国际上常用 <code>英寸</code>或 <code>"</code> 表示,如47”。在国内常用 <code>厘米</code> 或 <code>cm</code> 表示,如 120cm。</p><pre><code>1英寸=2.54厘米</code></pre><p>起订量:理论上是 500米,有现货的情况下 100 米,200米 也可以。</p><h3 id="D-数的含义"><a href="#D-数的含义" class="headerlink" title="D 数的含义"></a>D 数的含义</h3><p>D 是 DENIER(旦尼尔)的缩写,是化学纤维的一种细度表达方法,是指9000米长的丝在公定回潮率时的重量克数,也称为旦数。 </p><pre><code>旦尼尔(D)=(g/L)x9000,其中 g 为丝线重量(克), L为丝线长度(米)。</code></pre><p>D 越大,表示纱线越粗,同样面积的布料就越重。常见于背包面料的材料强度指标。</p><p>一般用于300D,420D,600D,1680D。</p><h3 id="色牢度"><a href="#色牢度" class="headerlink" title="色牢度"></a>色牢度</h3><p>色牢度是纺织品的重要质量指标之一。所谓色牢度是指染色纺织品在物理和化学作用下,颜色保持坚牢的程度,即染色纺织品色泽受外界影响坚牢程度称为染色牢度。以试验后试样的色泽变化,白布沾色程度的评定等级表示色牢度的好坏。</p><p>纺织品的色牢度,分为5级: 1、2、3、4、5 (1级最差,5级最高,在中国市场达不到的。)</p><p>在评定不准时,或者商家只需要在色牢度范围内时,有大概参数等级:1-2, 2-3, 3-4, 4-5。</p><p>常规的色牢度为 3.5。</p><p>以下为织带所必须满足的织带标准:</p><ol><li>耐水洗牢度3.5级以上,通过 ISO105-C01:1989 测试标准</li><li>耐摩擦牢度3.5级以上,通过 ISO105-X12:1993 测试标准</li><li>耐日晒牢度4级以上,通过 ISO105-B02:1994 测试标准</li></ol><h2 id="色丁"><a href="#色丁" class="headerlink" title="色丁"></a>色丁</h2><p>色丁就是satin的音译。色丁是一种面料,也叫沙丁。外观与五枚缎相似,密度高于五枚缎。通常有一面是很光滑的,亮度很好,就是它的缎面。规格通常有75×100D,75×150D等。原料:可以是棉,混纺的,或者涤纶,也有是纯化纤的,是面料的组织不同形成的。主要用于各类女装,睡衣面料或内衣的。该产品流行性广,光泽度悬垂感好,手感柔软有仿真丝效果。</p><p>其原料可以是棉,混纺的,或者涤纶,也有是纯化纤的,是面料的组织不同形成的。主要用于各类女装,睡衣面料或内衣的。该产品流行性广,光泽度悬垂感好,手感柔软有仿真丝效果。布面的风格独特,具有较好的缎面闪光视觉效果。该面料用途十分广阔,不仅可制作休闲的裤装、运动装、套装等,而且又是床上用料。面料制成衣穿着舒适,而颇受欢迎。</p><p>See <a href="http://baike.baidu.com/link?url=l6UqpiViVHb9UufWgJvMnxs8-1KXuqqc0bpMJA-e8V2AtzDcztSKif-X6fCN_ZD8bq8dcvWVexiQySP22lDMFa" target="_blank" rel="external">色丁_百度百科</a></p><h2 id="织带"><a href="#织带" class="headerlink" title="织带"></a>织带</h2><p>Soft herringbone webbing</p><h2 id="篷布"><a href="#篷布" class="headerlink" title="篷布"></a>篷布</h2><h2 id="TODO"><a href="#TODO" class="headerlink" title="TODO"></a>TODO</h2><ul><li>Ballistic Polyester</li><li>反光布</li><li>fleece-lined Top-load tablet pocket is fleece-lined for automatic glass cleaning, measures 8-1/8” wide x 11.5” tall, lays flat between the main and laptop compartment, and is lockable</li><li>450d PET body fabric <a href="http://www.ebags.com/product/mountainsmith/day-tls-r/228596?productid=10173411" target="_blank" rel="external">http://www.ebags.com/product/mountainsmith/day-tls-r/228596?productid=10173411</a></li><li>Taffeta <a href="http://www.ebags.com/product/hedgren/ashur-waist-bag/295572?productid=10368343" target="_blank" rel="external">http://www.ebags.com/product/hedgren/ashur-waist-bag/295572?productid=10368343</a></li></ul>]]></content>
<summary type="html">
<h2 id="牛津布-Oxford"><a href="#牛津布-Oxford" class="headerlink" title="牛津布 Oxford"></a>牛津布 Oxford</h2><p>See <a href="http://baike.baidu.com/vi
</summary>
<category term="Bag" scheme="http://blog.inesoi.com/categories/Bag/"/>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>Textile</title>
<link href="http://blog.inesoi.com/bag-fiber.html"/>
<id>http://blog.inesoi.com/bag-fiber.html</id>
<published>2015-10-01T16:00:00.000Z</published>
<updated>2018-08-19T10:09:33.805Z</updated>
<content type="html"><![CDATA[<h2 id="Textile"><a href="#Textile" class="headerlink" title="Textile"></a>Textile</h2><p>A <em>fabric</em> is a textile material, short for “textile fabric”.</p><p>A <em>textile</em> or cloth is a flexible woven material consisting of a network of <strong>natural or artificial fibres</strong> often referred to as thread or yarn. Textiles are formed by weaving, knitting, crocheting, knotting, or felting. </p><p>纺织品是人工或天然纤维编制而成的柔软材料,这个纤维被称之为线或者纱。纺织品是由机织,针织,钩编,打结或毡形成。</p><p><em>Cloth</em> may be used synonymously with fabric but often refers to a finished piece of fabric used for a specific purpose (e.g., table cloth). </p><p>布通常指的是织物成品。</p><p><em>Yarn</em> is produced by spinning raw fibres of wool, flax, cotton, or other material to produce long strands. </p><p>纱线通过纺纱羊毛,亚麻,棉花,或其它原纤维材料,产生的长线。</p><p>Textiles can be made from many materials. These materials come from four main sources: animal (wool, silk), plant (cotton, flax, jute), mineral (asbestos, glass fibre), and synthetic (nylon, polyester, acrylic). In the past, all textiles were made from natural fibres, including plant, animal, and mineral sources. In the 20th century, these were supplemented by artificial fibres made from petroleum.</p><p>纺织品可以从许多材料制成。这些材料来自四个主要来源:动物(羊毛,丝绸),植物(棉花,亚麻,黄麻),矿物(石棉,玻璃纤维),和合成的(尼龙,聚酯,丙烯酸)。在过去,所有纺织品从天然纤维,包括植物,动物和矿物来源制成。在20世纪,这些都是由石油制成的人造纤维为辅。</p><p>Textiles are made in various strengths and degrees of durability, from the finest gossamer to the sturdiest canvas. Microfibre refers to fibres made of strands thinner than one denier.</p><p>纺织品可以制造不同强度和耐磨程度的材料,从最好的游丝到结实的帆布。微纤维是指由链多于一个旦尼尔更薄的纤维。</p><p>See:</p><ul><li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Textile" target="_blank" rel="external">Textile - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</a></li></ul><h2 id="Production-methods-生产方法"><a href="#Production-methods-生产方法" class="headerlink" title="Production methods 生产方法"></a>Production methods 生产方法</h2><p><em>Weaving</em> is a textile production method which involves interlacing a set of longer threads (called the warp) with a set of crossing threads (called the weft). </p><p>织造是一个纺织生产方法,由一组长一些的线(称为经纱)与一组交叉线程(称为纬纱)交织而成。</p><p><em>Knitting and crocheting</em>(针织和钩针) involve interlacing loops of yarn, which are formed either on a knitting needle or on a crochet hook, together in a line. The two processes are different in that knitting has several active loops at one time, on the knitting needle waiting to interlock with another loop, while crocheting never has more than one active loop on the needle. Knitting can be performed by machine, but crochet can only be performed by hand.</p><p><em>Spread Tow</em> is a production method where the yarn are spread into thin tapes, and then the tapes are woven as warp and weft. This method is mostly used for composite materials; Spread Tow Fabrics can be made in carbon, aramide, etc.</p><p><em>Braiding or plaiting</em>(编织或编结) involves twisting threads together into cloth. Knotting involves tying threads together and is used in making macrame.</p><p><em>Lace</em>(蕾丝) is made by interlocking threads together independently, using a backing and any of the methods described above, to create a fine fabric with open holes in the work. Lace can be made by either hand or machine.</p><p>Carpets, rugs, velvet, velour, and velveteen are made by interlacing a secondary yarn through woven cloth, creating a tufted layer known as a nap or pile.</p><p>Felting involves pressing a mat of fibres together, and working them together until they become tangled. A liquid, such as soapy water, is usually added to lubricate the fibres, and to open up the microscopic scales on strands of wool.</p><p><em>Nonwoven textiles</em>(无纺织物) are manufactured by the bonding of fibres to make fabric. Bonding may be thermal or mechanical, or adhesives can be used. 无纺织物由纤维之间的结合,结合方法可以可以是热,机械,或粘合剂。</p><p><em>Bark cloth</em> is made by pounding bark until it is soft and flat.</p><h2 id="Animal-textiles-动物纺织品"><a href="#Animal-textiles-动物纺织品" class="headerlink" title="Animal textiles 动物纺织品"></a>Animal textiles 动物纺织品</h2><p>主要组成物质是蛋白质,又称为天然蛋白质纤维,分为毛和腺分泌物两类。</p><ol><li>毛发类:绵羊毛、山羊毛、骆驼毛、兔毛、牦牛毛等;</li><li>腺分泌物:桑蚕丝、柞蚕丝等。</li></ol><h2 id="Plant-textiles-植物纤维"><a href="#Plant-textiles-植物纤维" class="headerlink" title="Plant textiles 植物纤维"></a>Plant textiles 植物纤维</h2><p>主要组成物质是纤维素,又称为天然纤维素纤维。是由植物上种籽、果实、茎、叶等处获得的纤维。根据在植物上成长的部位的不同,分为种子纤维、叶纤维和茎纤维。</p><ol><li>种子纤维:棉、木棉等;</li><li>叶纤维:剑麻、蕉麻等;</li><li>茎纤维:苎麻、亚麻、大麻、黄麻等。</li></ol><p>Grass, rush, hemp, and sisal are all used in making rope. In the first two, the entire plant is used for this purpose, while in the last two, only fibres from the plant are utilized. Coir (coconut fibre) is used in making twine, and also in floormats, doormats, brushes, mattresses, floor tiles, and sacking.</p><p>草,灯芯草,麻,剑麻都用在制作绳子。前两种材料,整个植物被用于此目的,而后两个,只有植物中的纤维被利用。椰壳(椰子纤维)被用来制作麻线,也用于制作脚垫,门垫,刷子,垫子,地砖,和袋装。</p><p>Straw and bamboo are both used to make hats. Straw, a dried form of grass, is also used for stuffing, as is kapok.</p><p>稻草和竹子都用来做帽子。稻草(干燥的草),也可用于填充物,因为是木棉。</p><p>Cotton, flax, jute, hemp, modal and even bamboo fibre are all used in clothing. Piña (pineapple fibre) and ramie are also fibres used in clothing, generally with a blend of other fibres such as cotton. Nettles have also been used to make a fibre and fabric very similar to hemp or flax. The use of milkweed stalk fibre has also been reported, but it tends to be somewhat weaker than other fibres like hemp or flax.</p><p>棉,亚麻,黄麻,大麻,莫代尔(一种新型纤维素纤维),甚至竹纤维都被用于服装。皮尼亚(菠萝纤维)和苎麻,可以在衣物中使用,一般用的共混物的其他纤维,如棉花的纤维。荨麻也被用来制造纤维和织物非常相似大麻或亚麻。使用乳草秆纤维也有报道,但它往往比其他纤维如大麻或亚麻稍差。</p><h3 id="棉花"><a href="#棉花" class="headerlink" title="棉花"></a>棉花</h3><p>See <a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A3%89%E8%8A%B1" target="_blank" rel="external">棉花 - 维基百科,自由的百科全书</a></p><p>棉花,是锦葵科棉花属植物的种子纤维,棉花的纤维最常纺织成纱线,用来制作柔软透气的纺织品。</p><p><img src="../resources/images/textile-cotton-plant.jpg" height="300"></p><p>棉花喜热、好光、耐旱、忌渍,适宜于在疏松深厚土壤中种植。棉花主要有如下几种:</p><ul><li>粗绒棉–也叫亚洲棉,原产印度。由于产量低、纤维粗短,不适合 机器纺织,目前已被淘汰。</li><li>长绒棉–也叫海岛棉,原产南美洲。纤维长、强度高是其特点,适合于纺高支纱。目前中国只有新疆生产。</li><li>细绒棉–也叫陆地棉,原产中美洲,所以又称美棉。适应性广、产量高、纤维较长、品质较好是其特点,可纺中支纱。</li></ul><p>中国的细绒棉占棉花产量的98%。</p><p><em>埃及棉</em>一般会指高品质的棉,不过埃及出产的棉只有少部分是高品质的,而大多数写“埃及棉”的制品多半也不是用埃及最好的棉制成。</p><p><em>比马棉</em>(Pima cotton)一般会和埃及棉相比,二者都用在高品质的床单及其他棉制品上,一些权威人士认为比马棉的品质是仅次于埃及棉。比马棉长在美州的西南部,不过也不是所有写比马棉的都用最好的棉花制成。像秘鲁、澳洲及以色列等产棉国家会使用比马棉这个名称</p><p>外观性能:</p><ul><li>棉的光泽较暗淡,风格自然朴实,故多用于日常的休闲装。</li><li>棉纤维的染色性好,色谱齐全,但色牢度不够好。</li><li>棉纤维的缺点是弹性差,不挺括,易起皱且不易恢复,为改善这一性能,常对棉进行免熨整理或树脂整理,如市场上出现的免熨衬衫、免熨休闲裤等棉制品。市场上常见的有DP(double press)或PP(permanent press)标记的衬衫表示具有“耐用熨烫”或“永久熨烫”性能。</li></ul><p>舒适性能:</p><p>棉纤维舒适柔软,手感温暖,吸湿性好(棉纤维为多孔性物质,纤维大分子上存在亲水基因),穿作舒适,不刺激皮肤,且不易产生静电。</p><p>耐用性与加工保养性能:</p><ul><li>具有良好的吸湿性,公定回潮率8.5%;但缩水率较大,约为4%~10%。</li><li>耐热性和耐光性好,熨烫温度可达190℃,若垫干布可提高20~30℃,垫湿布可提高40~60℃,棉织品最好湿烫,易于熨平。但长时间暴晒会引起褪色和强度下降。</li><li>强度较高,湿强高于干强,便于洗涤。</li><li>耐碱不耐酸,在张力和碱液的作用下产生丝光效应,使强度增大获得耐久的光泽。不加张力任其收缩,叫缩碱。</li><li>回弹性较差,耐磨性不够好。</li><li>棉纤维易受霉菌等微生物的侵害,引起纤维素大分子水解、发霉产生黑斑引起色变,尤其是高品质的棉制品色泽变化更为突出,保养时应该注意。</li></ul><p>依照等级、纤维长度及成熟度来判别品质。</p><p>纤维长度:短纤、中长纤、长纤、超长纤</p><h3 id="亚麻"><a href="#亚麻" class="headerlink" title="亚麻"></a>亚麻</h3><p>See <a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E9%BA%BB#/media/File:%D0%9B%D1%91%D0%BD_(%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%8B_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B8_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8B" target="_blank" rel="external">亚麻 - 维基百科,自由的百科全书</a>.JPG)</p><p>亚麻(学名:Linum usitatissimum),是亚麻科亚麻属一年生草本植物。</p><p>象征:</p><ul><li>亚麻花是白俄罗斯的国花;</li><li>亚麻是北爱尔兰议会的徽章图案;</li><li>亚麻是英国1986年和1991年发行的1英镑硬币上的图案,象征北爱尔兰。</li><li>白色人种中棕色头发的人一般被称为头发为亚麻色;</li></ul><p><img src="../resources/images/linum-flower.jpg" height="300"><br><img src="../resources/images/linum-field.jpg" height="300"><br><img src="../resources/images/linum-fiber.jpg" width="40%"><br><img src="../resources/images/linum-fiber-product.jpg" width="58%"></p><p>亚麻纤维:取其茎部韧皮纤维,因其坚韧耐磨,在水中不易腐烂,多用于制绳索、鱼网、降落伞等。亚麻的开发利用价值高,亚麻茎制取的纤维是纺织工业的重要原料,可纯纺,亦可与其它纤维混纺。由于亚麻纤维与动物纤维、其它植物纤维、合成纤维相比,具有许多独特的不可替代的优点,决定了它在国民经济中占重要地位:</p><ol><li>亚麻纤维强韧、柔细,其强度是棉纤维的1.5倍、绢丝的1.6倍,可纺支数高,织物平滑整洁,适宜制作高级衣料。</li><li>亚麻纤维具有吸湿性强、散热快、耐摩擦、耐高温、不易燃、不易裂、导电性小、吸尘率低、抑菌保健等独特优点,适宜制作飞机翼布、军用布、消防、宇航、医疗和卫生保健服装及帆布、水龙带、室内装饰布及工艺刺锈品等。</li><li>打麻下脚料和麻屑也有较高的利用价值,加工后的短纤维即麻棉,可与毛、丝、棉、化纤等生产混纺纱,也可纺纯麻纱;麻屑是制造人造板材或高级纸张的优质原料。</li></ol><h2 id="Mineral-textiles-矿物纺织品"><a href="#Mineral-textiles-矿物纺织品" class="headerlink" title="Mineral textiles 矿物纺织品"></a>Mineral textiles 矿物纺织品</h2><p>Glass fibre is used in the production of ironing board and mattress covers, ropes and cables, reinforcement fibre for composite materials, insect netting, flame-retardant and protective fabric, soundproof, fireproof, and insulating fibres. Glass fibres are woven and coated with Teflon to produce beta cloth, a virtually fireproof fabric which replaced nylon in the outer layer of United States space suits since 1968.</p><p>玻璃纤维是用在生产熨衣板和床罩,绳索和电缆,加固纤维复合材料,昆虫网,阻燃和防护织物,隔音,防火,和绝缘纤维。玻璃纤维编织并涂有特富龙生产测试布,几乎防火织物,美国航天服的外层尼龙取代自1968年以来。</p><h2 id="Synthetic-textiles-化纤纺织-合成纤维"><a href="#Synthetic-textiles-化纤纺织-合成纤维" class="headerlink" title="Synthetic textiles 化纤纺织/合成纤维"></a>Synthetic textiles 化纤纺织/合成纤维</h2><p>See <a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%90%88%E6%88%90%E7%BA%96%E7%B6%AD" target="_blank" rel="external">合成纤维 - 维基百科,自由的百科全书</a></p><p>化学纤维是用天然高分子化合物或人工合成的高分子化合物为原料,经过制备纺丝原液、纺丝和后处理等工序制得的具有纺织性能的纤维。</p><p>合成纤维是由合成的高分子化合物制成的,常用的合成纤维有涤纶、锦纶、腈纶、氯纶、维纶、氨纶等。</p><p>All synthetic textiles are used primarily in the production of clothing. 所有的合成纺织品主要用于生产服装。</p><p>Polyester fibre is used in all types of clothing, either alone or blended with fibres such as cotton. 聚酯纤维用于所有类型的服装,无论是单独或者和棉花等纤维的混合。</p><p>Aramid fibre (e.g. Twaron) is used for flame-retardant clothing, cut-protection, and armor. 芳纶(芳族聚酰胺)纤维(例如特威隆)用于阻燃服装,切保护,和盔甲。</p><p>Acrylic is a fibre used to imitate wools, including cashmere, and is often used in replacement of them. 丙烯酸是用于模仿羊毛,羊绒,包括纤维,并且通常在更换并用。</p><p>Nylon is a fibre used to imitate silk; it is used in the production of pantyhose. Thicker nylon fibres are used in rope and outdoor clothing. 尼龙是用来模仿丝纤维;它被用于生产连裤袜。较厚的尼龙纤维用于在绳和户外服装。</p><p>Spandex (trade name Lycra) is a polyurethane product that can be made tight-fitting without impeding movement. It is used to make activewear, bras, and swimsuits. 氨纶(商品名莱卡)是可以作出紧身不妨碍移动的聚氨酯产物。它是用来制造运动服,胸罩,和泳衣。</p><p>Carbon fibre is mostly used in composite materials, together with resin, such as carbon fibre reinforced plastic. The fibres are made from polymer fibres through carbonization. 碳纤维主要用于在复合材料,与树脂一起,例如碳纤维增强塑料。纤维由通过碳化聚合物纤维制成。</p><p><strong>特点:</strong></p><ul><li><p>粘胶(吸湿易染)</p><p> 是人造纤维素纤维,由溶液法纺丝制得,由于纤维芯层与外层的凝固速率不一致,形成皮芯结构(从横截面切片可明显看出)。粘胶是普通化纤中吸湿最强的,染色性很好,穿着舒适感好,粘胶弹性差,湿态下的强度,耐磨性很差,所以粘胶不耐水洗,尺寸稳定性差。比重大,织物重,耐碱不耐酸。</p><p> 粘胶纤维用途广泛而且环保,几乎所有类型的纺织品都会用到它,如长丝作衬里、美丽绸、旗帜、飘带、轮胎帘子线等;短纤维作仿棉、仿毛、混纺。</p></li><li><p>涤纶(挺括不皱)</p><p> 特点:强度高、耐冲击性好,耐热,耐腐,耐蛀,耐酸不耐碱,耐光性很好(仅次于腈纶),曝晒1000小时,强力保持60-70%,吸湿性很差,染色困难,织物易洗快干,保形性好。具有“洗可穿”的特点。</p><p> 缺点是吸湿性极差,由它纺织的面料穿在身上发闷、不透气。另外,由于纤维表面光滑,纤维之间的抱合力差,经常摩擦之处易起毛、结球。</p><p> 长丝:常作为低弹丝,制作各种纺织品;</p><p> 短纤:棉、毛、麻等均可混纺,工业上:轮胎帘子线,渔网、绳索,滤布,缘绝材料等。涤纶是目前化纤中用量最大的。</p></li><li><p>锦纶(结实耐磨)</p><p> 最大优点是结实耐磨,是最优的一种。密度小,织物轻,弹性好,耐疲劳破坏,化学稳定性也很好,耐碱不耐酸!</p><p> 最大缺点是耐日光性不好,织物久晒就会变黄,强度下降,吸湿也不好,但比腈纶,涤纶好。</p><p> 用途:长丝,多用于针织和丝绸工业;短纤,大都与羊毛或毛型化纤混纺。工业:帘子线和渔网,也可作地毯,绳索,传送带,筛网等</p></li><li><p>腈纶(膨松耐晒)</p><p> 腈纶纤维的性能很羊毛,所以叫“合成羊毛”。</p><p> 特点:耐日光性与耐气候性很好(居第一位),吸湿差,染色难。</p><p> 用途:主要作民用,可纯纺也可混纺,制成多种毛料、毛线、毛毯、运动服也可:人造毛皮、长毛绒,膨体纱,水龙头,雨伞布等。</p></li><li><p>维纶(水溶吸湿)</p><p> 最大特点是吸湿性大,合成纤维中最好的,号称“合成棉花”。强度比锦、涤差,化学稳定性好,不耐强酸,耐碱。耐日光性与耐气候性也很好,但它耐干热而不耐湿热(收缩)弹性最差,织物易起皱,染色较差,色泽不鲜艳。</p><p> 用途:多和棉花混纺:细布,府绸,灯芯绒,内衣,帆布,防水布,包装材料,劳动服等。</p></li><li><p>丙纶(质轻保暖)</p><p> 丙纶纤维是常见化学纤维中最轻的纤维。它几乎不吸湿,但具有良好的芯吸能力,强度高,制成织物尺寸稳定,耐磨弹性也不错,化学稳定性好。但:热稳定性差,不耐日晒,易于老化脆损。</p><p> 用途:可以织袜,蚊帐布,被絮,保暖填料、尿不湿等。工业上:地毯、渔网,帆布,水龙带,医学上带代替棉纱布,做卫生用品。</p></li><li><p>氨纶(弹性纤维)</p><p> 弹性最好,强度最差,吸湿差,有较好的耐光、耐酸、耐碱、耐磨性。</p><p> 用途:氨纶利用它的特性被广泛地使用于内衣,女性用内衣裤,休闲服,运动服,短袜,连裤袜,绷带等为主的纺织领域,医疗领域等。氨纶是追求动感及便利的高性能衣料所必需的高弹性纤维。氨纶比原状可伸长5-7倍,所以穿着舒适、手感柔软、并且不起皱,可始终保持原来的轮廓。</p></li><li><p>改性品种</p><p> 突出的有丙烯腈与氯乙烯共聚纤维,是将丙烯腈和氯乙烯共聚所得的共聚物溶于丙酮,再经干法纺丝或湿法纺丝制得。1949年,由美国联合碳化物公司首先生产,由于氯乙烯含量占50%~60%,因此阻燃性能良好,且具有自熄性,但染色性稍差。</p></li></ul><h3 id="腈纶-jing-lun-PAN"><a href="#腈纶-jing-lun-PAN" class="headerlink" title="腈纶[jīng lún] PAN"></a>腈纶[jīng lún] PAN</h3><p>See <a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/1248852.htm" target="_blank" rel="external">聚丙烯腈纤维_百度百科</a></p><p>腈纶,学名聚丙烯腈纤维,聚丙烯腈或丙烯腈含量大于85%(质量百分比)的丙烯腈共聚物制成的合成纤维。</p><p>聚丙烯腈纤维的性能极似羊毛,弹性较好,伸长20%时回弹率仍可保持 65%,蓬松卷曲而柔软,保暖性比羊毛高15%,有合成羊毛之称。</p><p>腈纶的外观呈白色、卷曲、蓬松、手感柔软,酷似羊毛,多用来和羊毛混纺或作为羊毛的代用品,故又被称为“合成羊毛”。腈纶的吸湿性不够好,但润湿性却比羊毛、丝纤维好。它的耐磨性是合成纤维中较差的,腈纶纤维的熨烫承受温度在130℃以下。</p><p>聚丙烯腈纤维可与羊毛混纺成毛线,或织成毛毯、地毯等,还可与棉、人造纤维、其他合成纤维混纺,织成各种衣料和室内用品。聚丙烯腈纤维加工的膨体可以纯纺,或与粘胶纤维混纺。</p><h3 id="维纶"><a href="#维纶" class="headerlink" title="维纶"></a>维纶</h3><p>See <a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/972476.htm" target="_blank" rel="external">维纶_百度百科</a></p><p>维纶是聚乙烯醇缩醛纤维的商品名称,也叫维尼纶。</p><p>维纶洁白如雪,柔软似棉,因而常被用作天然棉花的代用品,人称“合成棉花”。维纶的吸湿性能是合成纤维中吸湿性能最好的。另外,维纶的耐磨性、耐光性、耐腐蚀性都较好。但因其生产工业流程较长,纤维综合性能不如涤纶、锦纶和腈纶,年产量较小,居合成纤维品种的第5位。</p><p><strong>特点:</strong></p><ul><li>最大特点是吸湿性大,合成纤维中最好的,号称“合成棉花”。强度比锦、涤差,化学稳定性好,不耐强酸,耐碱。耐日光性与耐气候性也很好,但它耐干热而不耐湿热(收缩)弹性最差,织物易起皱,染色较差,色泽不鲜艳。</li><li>维纶是合成纤维中吸湿性最大的品种, 吸湿率为4.5% ~ 5%,接近于棉花(8%)。维纶纺织布穿着舒适,适宜制内衣。</li><li>维纶的强度稍高于棉花, 比羊毛高很多。在一般有机酸、醇、酯及石油等溶剂中不溶解,不易霉蛀,在日光下暴晒强度损失不大。</li><li>耐热水性不够好,弹性较差,染色性较差。</li></ul><p><strong>用途:</strong></p><p>维纶的柔软及保暖性好,它的相对密度比棉花要小,因此与棉花相同重量的维纶能织出更多的衣料。它的热传导率低,因而保暖性好。维纶的耐磨性和强度也比棉花要好,因此维纶在很多方面可以与棉混纺以节省棉花。维纶主要用于制作外衣、棉毛衫裤、运动衫等针织物,还可用于帆布、渔网、外科手术缝线、自行车轮胎帘子线、过滤材料等。</p><p>多和棉花混纺:细布,府绸,灯芯绒,内衣,帆布,防水布,包装材料,劳动服等。</p><p><strong>鉴别:</strong></p><p>维纶学名聚乙烯醇缩甲醛纤维,不易点燃,近焰熔融收缩,燃烧时顶端有一点火焰,待纤维都融成胶状火焰变大,有浓黑烟,散发苦香气味,燃烧后剩下黑色小珠状颗粒,可用手指压碎。</p><h3 id="氯纶-聚氯乙烯-PVC"><a href="#氯纶-聚氯乙烯-PVC" class="headerlink" title="氯纶/聚氯乙烯 PVC"></a>氯纶/聚氯乙烯 PVC</h3><p>See <a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/106617.htm" target="_blank" rel="external">氯纶_百度百科</a></p><p>氯纶的优点较多,耐化学腐蚀性强;导热性能比羊毛还差,因此,保温性强;电绝缘性较高,难燃。另外,它还有一个突出的优点,即用它织成的内衣裤可治疗风湿性关节炎或其它伤痛,而对皮肤无刺激性或损伤。氯纶的缺点也比较突出,即耐热性极差。</p><p>氯纶的突出优点是难燃、保暖、耐晒、耐磨、耐蚀和耐蛀,弹性也很好,可以制造各种针织品、工作服、毛毯、滤布、绳绒、帐篷等,特别是由于它保暖性好,易生产和保持静电,故用它做成的针织内衣对风湿性关节炎有一定疗效。但由于染色性差,热收缩大,限制了它的应用。改善的办法是与其他纤维品种共聚(如维氯纶)或与其他纤维(如粘胶纤维)进行乳液混合纺丝。</p><p>氯纶的缺点也比较突出,即耐热性极差。一般用于服装制造业。</p><figure class="image-bubble"> <div class="img-lightbox"> <div class="overlay"></div> <img src="../resources/images/472309f7905298221f83ddb1d7ca7bcb0a46d414.jpg" alt="" title=""> </div> <div class="image-caption"></div> </figure><h3 id="氨纶-Spandex-PU"><a href="#氨纶-Spandex-PU" class="headerlink" title="氨纶 Spandex/PU"></a>氨纶 Spandex/PU</h3><p>See</p><ul><li><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B0%A8%E7%B6%B8" target="_blank" rel="external">氨纶 - 维基百科,自由的百科全书</a></li><li><a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/115097.htm" target="_blank" rel="external">氨纶_百度百科</a></li></ul><p>氨纶(英文:Spandex),俗称莱卡(英语:Lycra),是一种弹力纤维,由美国杜邦公司于1959年发明。其具有很强的弹性,伸展度可达500%,且能回复原样,比橡胶的强度更大,也更耐磨。当它第一次面世的时候,彻底改变了服装行业的许多领域。</p><p>氨纶是聚氨基甲酸酯纤维的简称,是一种弹性纤维,学名聚氨酯纤维(Polyurethane),简写(PU)。它具有高度弹性,能够拉长6~7倍,但随张力的消失能迅速恢复到初始状态</p><p>氨纶纤维一般不单独使用,而是少量地掺入织物中,如与其它纤维合股或制成包芯纱,用于织制弹力织物。</p><p><img src="../resources/images/800px-Spandex_fiber.jpg" title="氨纶纤维" height="300"><br><img src="../resources/images/Wrestlers_in_spandex.jpg" title=" 摔跤手穿着氨纶" height="300"><br><img src="../resources/images/Denim_shirt_and_leggings.jpg" title="女人穿着氨纶打底裤" height="300"></p><h3 id="丙纶-PP"><a href="#丙纶-PP" class="headerlink" title="丙纶 PP"></a>丙纶 PP</h3><p>学名聚丙烯纤维,近火焰即熔缩,易燃,离火燃烧缓慢并冒黑烟,火焰上端黄色,下端蓝色,散发出石油味,烧后灰烬为硬圆浅黄褐色颗粒,手捻易碎。</p><p>民用用途:可以纯纺或与羊毛、棉或粘纤等混纺混织来制作各种衣料。可以用于织各种针织品如织袜、手套、针织衫、针织裤,洗碗布,蚊帐布,被絮,保暖填料、尿布湿等。</p><p>工业用途:地毯、渔网,帆布,水龙带,混凝土增强材料,工业用织物、非织造织物等。如地毯、工业滤布、绳索、渔网、建筑增强材料、吸油毯以及装饰布等。</p>]]></content>
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<h2 id="Textile"><a href="#Textile" class="headerlink" title="Textile"></a>Textile</h2><p>A <em>fabric</em> is a textile material, short for
</summary>
<category term="Bag" scheme="http://blog.inesoi.com/categories/Bag/"/>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>Plastic</title>
<link href="http://blog.inesoi.com/bag-plastic.html"/>
<id>http://blog.inesoi.com/bag-plastic.html</id>
<published>2015-10-01T16:00:00.000Z</published>
<updated>2018-08-19T10:09:33.806Z</updated>
<content type="html"><![CDATA[<h2 id="塑料"><a href="#塑料" class="headerlink" title="塑料"></a>塑料</h2><h2 id="ABS-树脂"><a href="#ABS-树脂" class="headerlink" title="ABS 树脂"></a>ABS 树脂</h2><p>See <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acrylonitrile_butadiene_styrene" target="_blank" rel="external">Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</a> & <a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/ABS%E6%A0%91%E8%84%82" target="_blank" rel="external">ABS树脂 - 维基百科,自由的百科全书</a></p><p>ABS树脂(丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物,ABS 是 Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene的首字母缩写)是一种强度高、韧性好、易于加工成型的热塑型高分子材料。</p><p>ABS树脂是乳白色固体,有一定的韧性,密度约为 1.04~1.06 g/cm3。它抗酸、碱、盐的腐蚀能力比较强,也可在一定程度上耐受有机溶剂溶解。</p><p>ABS树脂可以在-25℃~60℃的环境下表现正常,而且有很好的成型性,加工出的产品表面光洁,易于染色和电镀。因此它可以被用于家电外壳、玩具等日常用品。常见的乐高积木就是ABS制品。</p><p><img src="../resources/images/ABC-Lego-Color-Bricks.jpg" height="300"></p><h2 id="聚氯乙烯-PVC"><a href="#聚氯乙烯-PVC" class="headerlink" title="聚氯乙烯 PVC"></a>聚氯乙烯 PVC</h2><p>氯乙烯(英文为PolyVinyl Chloride,缩写:PVC)是氯乙烯经加成聚合反应得到的的高分子材料。</p><p><strong>阻燃:</strong></p><p>聚氯乙烯的最大特点是阻燃,因此被广泛用于防火应用。但是聚氯乙烯在高温下的燃烧过程中会释放出氯化氢、氯气和其他有毒气体[2]。</p><p>聚氯乙烯的燃烧分为两步。先在240℃-340℃燃烧分解出氯化氢气体和含有双键的二烯烃,然后在400-470℃发生碳的燃烧。</p><p><strong>物理和化学性质:</strong></p><p>稳定;不易被酸、碱腐蚀;比较耐热。</p><p>PVC是七大塑料中唯一必须使用增塑剂的材料,这使得它的状态可以从软而弹到硬而脆之间变化。而增塑剂就是媒体报道中的“塑化剂”。PVC既然可以呈现软而有弹性的一面,也就可以模拟橡胶或皮革的一些用途,比如小汽车内饰大量使用的人造革、一次性检查手套、地板、桌布、塑胶鞋,因为PVC价格比天然胶和聚氨酯人造革低得多。不过PVC工业通常要用到乙炔。</p><p><strong>安全与危害:</strong></p><ul><li>PVC一定要有添加剂或增塑剂才可用,这些大多有害,可能渗出或气化。</li><li>部分添加剂会干扰生物内分泌(影响生殖机能),部分可增加致癌风险。</li><li>焚化PVC垃圾,会产生致癌的二噁英(Dioxin)而污染空气。</li></ul><p>PVC 常使用邻苯二甲酸二辛酯(DEHP)为增塑剂,因DEHP易气雾化,其他乙烯基产品包括汽车内部、淋浴胶帘或铺地板物料等,也会释放化学气体入空气,且DEHP也易溶入油性液体中。另外,人们也开始关注到,儿童若咀嚼这些软塑玩具,会有添加剂渗出的安全问题。</p><h2 id="PP-聚丙烯-Polypropylene"><a href="#PP-聚丙烯-Polypropylene" class="headerlink" title="PP 聚丙烯 Polypropylene"></a>PP 聚丙烯 Polypropylene</h2><p>See </p><ul><li><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%81%9A%E4%B8%99%E7%83%AF" target="_blank" rel="external">聚丙烯 - 维基百科,自由的百科全书</a> </li><li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polypropylene" target="_blank" rel="external">Polypropylene - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</a> </li><li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyethylene_terephthalate" target="_blank" rel="external">Polyethylene terephthalate - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</a></li></ul><p>聚丙烯(Polypropylene,简称PP)是一种半结晶的热塑性塑料。具有较高的耐冲击性,机械性质强韧,抗多种有机溶剂和酸碱腐蚀。</p><p>聚丙烯的结构和聚乙烯接近,因此很多性能也和聚乙烯类似。但是由于其存在一个甲基构成的侧枝,聚丙烯更易在紫外光和热能作用下氧化降解。</p><p>耐热且化学稳定性比较高。本质上和高密度聚乙烯接近,结晶度比高密度聚乙烯略低,所以一般呈现半透明的状态,而硬度与高密度聚乙烯差不太多。</p><p>PP是安全的食品容器用塑料,但若老化就不安全,例如台湾就有热水器内PP塑料老化的先例。</p><p>PP (Polypropylene)聚丙烯:</p><ul><li>PP 熔点高达167℃,耐热,制品可用蒸气消毒是其特点。<br>以PP制瓶的,最常见的是豆浆、米浆瓶,还有用来装100%纯果汁、优酪乳、果汁饮料、乳制品 (如布丁)等,</li><li>较大的盛器,像水桶、垃圾桶、洗衣槽、箩筐、篮子等等多是以PP做成。</li><li>近年来亦大量使用于制成免洗餐具或免洗杯(供速食餐饮业者装填冰品使用,如市面盛行之“快可利”连锁店所用之盛装容器)</li><li>该材质容器系属不透明或半透明容器,具备有耐酸碱、耐化学物质、耐碰撞及耐高温(约20℃~120℃)等优点。</li></ul><p>市场上绝大多数微波炉专用塑料容器都是PP塑料,这是因为它的耐热且化学稳定性比较高。在食品方面的应用超过其他任何塑料,除了容器,还有软包装中的BOPP膜,香烟盒的最外层薄膜便是这种塑料。此外,目前的新建小区通常使用的家用水管推荐或强制使用PPR管,同样也是聚丙烯材料,除了安全性考虑以外,还因为它具有热熔的特点,易于加工。聚丙烯工业同样也是衡量一个国家产业水平的标准。</p><p><img src="../resources/images/pp-australia-20.jpg" height="300" title="澳大利亚二十元纸币。因为是用塑料制,所以透光度很高,而且有部分地方完全透明。"><br><img src="../resources/images/pp_lid.jpg" height="300" title="一个用聚丙烯为原料的即弃食物容器盖子"></p><h2 id="PE-聚乙烯-Polyethylene"><a href="#PE-聚乙烯-Polyethylene" class="headerlink" title="PE 聚乙烯 Polyethylene"></a>PE 聚乙烯 Polyethylene</h2><p>See <a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%81%9A%E4%B9%99%E7%83%AF" target="_blank" rel="external">聚乙烯 - 维基百科,自由的百科全书</a> & <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyethylene" target="_blank" rel="external">Polyethylene - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</a></p><p>聚乙烯(Polyethylene,缩写:PE)是日常生活中最常用的高分子材料之一,大量用于制造塑料袋,塑料薄膜,牛奶桶的产品,也是白色污染的主要原因。</p><p>化学性质:聚乙烯抗多种有机溶剂,抗多种酸碱腐蚀,但是不抗氧化性酸,例如硝酸。在氧化性环境中聚乙烯会被氧化。</p><p>物理性质:聚乙烯在薄膜状态下可以被认为是透明的,但是在块状存在的时候由于其内部存在大量的晶体,会发生强烈的光散射而不透明。</p><p>聚乙烯有:</p><ul><li>高密度聚乙烯(HDPE, High Density Polyethylene)又称低压聚乙烯,因为在低压下生产,含有较多长链,因此密度高。主要用于制造各种注塑、吹塑和挤出成型制品。高密度聚乙烯属环保材质,加热达到熔点,即可回收再利用。</li></ul><pre><code>须知塑料原料可大分为两大类:“热塑性塑料”(Thermoplastic)及“热固性塑料”(Thermosetting),“热固性塑料”是加热到一定温度后变成固化状态,即使继续加热也无法改变其状态,因此,有环保问题的产品是“热固性塑料”的产品(如轮胎),并非是“热塑性塑料”的产品(如:塑料夹板),所以并非所有“塑料”皆不环保。高密度聚乙烯的高度结晶,因此外观上也就呈现出不透明的状态(高分子材料不同于钻石,结晶度高往往会降低透明度),并且硬度也更高,甚至有点脆生生的感觉。正是因为高强度不怕摔而且不透光,奶制品常常偏好此种塑料。这种塑料耐水耐油性都非常出色,因此适应性很广。一般摄氏100度以上才会容易变形。这种塑料还特别耐酸耐碱耐腐蚀,所以工业中也是应用极为普遍。</code></pre><ul><li>中密度聚乙烯(MDPE, Medium Density Polyethylene)</li><li><p>低密度聚乙烯(LDPE, Low Density Polyethylene) 用高压法(147.17—196.2MPa)生产,支链较多,强度低,多用来生产薄膜制品。</p><p> 非常软而且有些黏,同时由于结晶度很低,LDPE的透明度比较高,所以我们日常生活中主要在保鲜膜、塑料袋等方面。耐油性耐水性比较低。</p><p> 塑料分类标志中,低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)代码是4。</p></li><li><p>线性低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE, Linear Low Density Polyethylene)等多种产品。</p></li></ul><p><img src="../resources/images/pe-rings.jpg" height="300" title="PE 胶制品"><br><img src="../resources/images/PE-Intermediate-Bulk-Container.jpg" height="300" title="聚乙烯水箱"><br><img src="../resources/images/pe-traffic-control.jpg" height="300" title="PE制品水马 (路障)"><br><img src="../resources/images/pe-steel-and-ultra-high-molecular-weight-polythene-hip-replacement.jpg" height="300" title="不锈钢和超高分子量聚乙烯髋关节置换"></p><h2 id="Resin-树脂"><a href="#Resin-树脂" class="headerlink" title="Resin 树脂"></a>Resin 树脂</h2><p>See <a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A0%91%E8%84%82" target="_blank" rel="external">树脂 - 维基百科,自由的百科全书</a> & <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resin" target="_blank" rel="external">Resin - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</a></p><p>树脂是一种来自多种植物,特别是松柏类植物的烃(碳氢化合物)类的分泌物。因为它特殊的化学结构,以及可以作为乳胶漆和胶合剂等材料作使用,因此树脂具有较高的商业价值。它是多种高分子化合物的混合物,所以有不同的熔点。树脂可分为天然树脂和合成树脂两种。大自然中原只有天然树脂这一种,但随着化工的发展,有很多由人工合成的聚合物产生,当中有些聚合物的化学性质及物理性质会和天然树脂很相似,因此,聚合物会被称为合成树脂。</p><p><img src="../resources/images/Resine.jpg" title="松树的树脂" height="300"><br><img src="../resources/images/Frankincense.jpg" title="干燥的乳香树脂块" height="300"></p>]]></content>
<summary type="html">
<h2 id="塑料"><a href="#塑料" class="headerlink" title="塑料"></a>塑料</h2><h2 id="ABS-树脂"><a href="#ABS-树脂" class="headerlink" title="ABS 树脂"></a>A
</summary>
<category term="Bag" scheme="http://blog.inesoi.com/categories/Bag/"/>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>背包</title>
<link href="http://blog.inesoi.com/bag-backpack.html"/>
<id>http://blog.inesoi.com/bag-backpack.html</id>
<published>2015-09-29T16:00:00.000Z</published>
<updated>2018-08-19T10:09:33.805Z</updated>
<content type="html"><![CDATA[<h2 id="分类"><a href="#分类" class="headerlink" title="分类"></a>分类</h2><p>在 Amazon 上 Backpack 分为:</p><ul><li>Casual Daypacks</li><li>Kids’ Backpacks</li><li>Hiking Daypacks</li></ul><p>ebags 上的分类:</p><p>按用途:</p><ul><li>School Backpacks</li><li>Day Hiking Backpacks</li><li>Laptop Backpacks</li><li>Travel Backpacks</li><li>Backpacking Packs</li></ul><p><strong>Gender and Age</strong></p><ul><li>Women’s</li><li>Men’s</li><li>Girls’</li><li>Boys’</li><li>Kids’</li></ul><p><strong>School Age</strong></p><ul><li>Toddler and Pre-School</li><li>Elementary School</li><li>Middle School</li><li>High School</li><li>College</li></ul><p>Daypack<br>Ultra-functional school backpack</p><p>关于 Carry On 的详细部件介绍 <a href="http://www.ebags.com/product/ebags/tls-mother-lode-weekender-convertible-junior/241465?productid=10209113" target="_blank" rel="external">eBags TLS Mother Lode Weekender Convertible Junior - eBags.com</a></p><h2 id="常用的修饰词"><a href="#常用的修饰词" class="headerlink" title="常用的修饰词__"></a>常用的修饰词__</h2><ul><li>durable</li><li>cute</li><li>boutique</li></ul><p>elegant and fashionable. </p><p>Vintage, comfortable/Comfy,<br>Light weight<br>beautiful and practical 实用</p><p>Adorable 可爱的</p><p>Thickened Canvas Laptop Bag/ Shoulder Daypack / School Backpack/ Causal Style Handbag</p><h2 id="材料-Material"><a href="#材料-Material" class="headerlink" title="材料 Material"></a>材料 Material</h2><ul><li>Fabric</li><li>Polyester</li><li>Nylon</li></ul><h2 id="特点-Feature-amp-Design"><a href="#特点-Feature-amp-Design" class="headerlink" title="特点 Feature & Design"></a>特点 Feature & Design</h2><p>This versatile backpack is made for convenience and functionality.</p><ul><li>waterproof/protect/water resistant. this bag is not waterproof but will keep your stuff dry in the rain.</li><li>Light weight/lightweight</li><li>Is there a way to attach to handle of carry-on bag</li><li>the size of laptop can be put into</li><li>Large multi-compartment backpack</li><li>Scientific and reasonable pocket and lining design will make your goods lay in the bag systematically</li></ul><p>classical and refining design</p><h2 id="Design"><a href="#Design" class="headerlink" title="Design"></a>Design</h2><ul><li>designed to protect and hold your laptop while on the move.</li><li>The backpack features multiple storage compartments and features for additional supplies and accessories.</li><li>They design their products to be durable, functional, and versatile. </li></ul><p>flap top design 盖头设计</p><p>Single main compartment and front pocket with organizer for smaller items:</p><p><img src="../resources/images/backpack-single-main-compartment.jpg" height="500"></p><p>shell shape handbag purse:</p><p><img src="../resources/images/shell shape handbag purse.jpg" height="500"></p><p>Versatile. Personalized stylish looking, ideal for service as bookbag, rucksack schoolbag, casual daypack for daily use at school, work, weekend getaway, occasional travel, gyms, hiking etc.</p><p>Nice size admirably suits college students, teen girls boys and adults under 6.2ft in height</p><p>The durable, ballistic weave fabric makes the backpack long-lasting.</p><p>outdoor backpack, daypack, hiking back pack, school backpack, camping back pack</p><p>travel, hiking, school bag, shopping, placing laptop, ipad etc</p><p>Shoulder handbag purse-backpack</p><p>School, Excursion, Going out, window shopping etc.</p><p>Suitable for hiking camping climbing traveling cycling all outdoor activities</p><p>Convenient for hiking,traveling,camping,running,cycling,mountaineering. </p><p>可能存在的问题:</p><ul><li>The nylon that separates compartments is very thin, and feels like it could easily tear or be punctured.</li></ul><h2 id="结构-Constructure"><a href="#结构-Constructure" class="headerlink" title="结构 Constructure"></a>结构 Constructure</h2><ul><li>1 padded laptop compartment</li><li>1 thin compartment that can be used for papers and folders</li><li>1 main compartment that contains vertical dividers to keep things organized, a smaller interior mesh pocket, and an ipod/cell phone pouch that leads to a slit in the top of the backpack for a headphone cord</li><li>1 decent sized pocket on each side (I use 1 for my laptop charger and accessories)</li><li>2 stretchy water bottle pockets big enough for the big 1 liter bottles (good for umbrella too)</li><li>1 small pocket on the top front</li><li>1 pocket on the bottom front that contains a bunch of small organizer pockets found in every backpack that nobody ever uses</li></ul><p><img src="../resources/images/backpack-constructure.jpg" height="400"></p><h3 id="Multi-compartment-design"><a href="#Multi-compartment-design" class="headerlink" title="Multi-compartment design"></a>Multi-compartment design</h3><p>Large main compartments and multiple pockets allow you to keep all of your gear secure and organized.</p><p><img src="../resources/images/backpack-multiple-compartment.jpg" height="400"></p><p><img src="../resources/images/backpack-inner-constructure.jpg" height="400"></p><h3 id="Shoulder-Straps"><a href="#Shoulder-Straps" class="headerlink" title="Shoulder Straps"></a>Shoulder Straps</h3><p>contoured shoulder straps for enhanced comfort.</p><p>cushioned shock absorption.</p><p>Ergonomic S-curve shoulder straps</p><p>Shoulder harness</p><p>nylon webbing straps</p><p>Ergonomic adjustable, padded shoulder straps keep the pressure off</p><p>Adjustable padded laptop straps inside to fit different size laptops.</p><p>S-shaped, VAPEL mesh AIRFLOW padded shoulder straps with Suspension System with removable media pocket</p><p>Padded S-shaped shoulder straps with Suspension System. 这个悬挂系统指的就是 Sunglass 挂钩。: The Suspension System provides relief when carrying heavier loads. It does so by dampening the shock of weight transfer while transporting your gear.</p><p>The specially contoured shoulder straps are ergonomically designed with added padding for comfort and control. </p><p>Straight-cut, padded shoulder straps 直切软垫肩带</p><p>Carry Comfortably: These are no simple backpack straps. Constructed with highly durable materials which are designed to balance out the weight of your bag, this backpackgives you the freedom to pack up and head out without the inconvenience of backpack fatigue. Heavily-padded and shock-absorbing shoulder straps give you the freedom to move comfortably so you can move forward with your day.</p><p>Rucksacks with Adjustable strap to make sure everything stays securely in place and holds almost anything you would need in several.</p><p>Padded Shoulder Straps 软垫肩带</p><p><img src="../resources/images/backpack-shoulder-strap.jpg" height="400"></p><p>Breathable mesh shoulder straps:</p><p><img src="../resources/images/backpack-shoulder-strap.jpg" height="400"></p><h3 id="Front-Pocket"><a href="#Front-Pocket" class="headerlink" title="Front Pocket"></a>Front Pocket</h3><p>Front wide zippered pocket for convenient stashing storage. </p><p>Front zip pocket keeps favorite things in easy reach</p><p>Secondary compartment has internal organization with a secure zippered pocket, </p><p><img src="../resources/images/backpack-front-pocket.jpg" height="400"></p><h3 id="Side-Mesh-Pockets"><a href="#Side-Mesh-Pockets" class="headerlink" title="Side Mesh Pockets"></a>Side Mesh Pockets</h3><ul><li>side mesh pockets for keys.</li><li>Mesh beverage pocket</li></ul><p><img src="../resources/images/backpack-side-mesh-pocket.jpg" height="400"></p><h3 id="Large-Side-Zip-Pockets"><a href="#Large-Side-Zip-Pockets" class="headerlink" title="Large Side Zip Pockets"></a>Large Side Zip Pockets</h3><p>Large side zip pockets for water bottles or laptop chargers etc.</p><p><img src="../resources/images/large-side-zip-pockets.jpg" height="400"></p><h3 id="Water-bottle-pocket"><a href="#Water-bottle-pocket" class="headerlink" title="Water bottle pocket"></a>Water bottle pocket</h3><p>The external dual pockets are made of elasticized mesh, which expands to secure various size water bottles.</p><p>Multi-compartment design with side mesh water bottle pockets.</p><p>Stretch-woven pockets accommodate a wide range of water bottle shapes and sizes</p><p><img src="../resources/images/backpack-water-bottle-pocket.jpg" height="400"></p><h3 id="Audio-Interface"><a href="#Audio-Interface" class="headerlink" title="Audio Interface"></a>Audio Interface</h3><p>Audio and Media Pocket, Equipment Safe</p><p>Mobile phone pocket to keep you organized</p><p>Easy-access deluxe media pocket holds various sizes of cell phones, PDA’s, and MP3 players.</p><p><img src="../resources/images/backpack-audio-interface.jpg" height="400"></p><h3 id="Tablet-Pocket"><a href="#Tablet-Pocket" class="headerlink" title="Tablet Pocket"></a>Tablet Pocket</h3><p>Floating TabletSafe tablet pocket for superior electronics protection.</p><p>Dedicated, padded pocket that holds most 17” laptops is raised off the ground to protect electronics from impact</p><p>Versatile padded sleeve designed for a 3L hydration system or a 15” laptop</p><p>Padded, fleece-lined tablet sleeve located in the front compartment for quick access</p><p><img src="../resources/images/backpack-tablet-pocket.jpg" height="400"></p><h3 id="Laptop-Compartment-Storage"><a href="#Laptop-Compartment-Storage" class="headerlink" title="Laptop Compartment/Storage"></a>Laptop Compartment/Storage</h3><p>an easy access laptop compartment. padded laptop compartment.</p><p>Padded computer sleeve.</p><p>Dedicated, lie-flat, fleece-lined laptop compartment allows for protected, checkpoint-friendly travel</p><p>Fully-padded CUSHION ZONE computer sleeve fits most 17” laptops</p><p>A fully padded CushionZone laptop compartment accommodates most 17-inch models. A dedicated TechSpot sleeve provides an ideal space for your tablet.</p><p>Highly protective laptop-only compartment with adjustable divider designed to fit most portable computers up to 17” in size. Fits most 17-inch laptops. Holds up to 17” notebook computer</p><p>The compartment even has an adjustable padded strap to fit different laptop sizes and quick side entry access.</p><p>有的客户认为:The opening for the laptop is on the side (not the top) which makes it a little awkward to get in and out. Not a big deal though.</p><p>I would have liked a little more padding underneath the laptop. The amount of padding is pretty similar to most other laptop cases though. You just need to be careful about setting it down to hard.</p><p>Open Viewing Comparent: Unique quick recognition window design accommodates most 17” laptops</p><p>可能存在的问题:</p><ul><li>Laptop compartment is too lightly padded. 笔记本区域的填充物不够。</li><li>The back of the laptop backpack is padded, but the cardboard behind it bends and is right next to the laptop compartment inside. ??</li></ul><p><img src="../resources/images/backpack-divider-design.jpg" width="400"></p><p>Laptop and tablet storage:A fully padded CushionZone laptop compartment accommodates most 17-inch models. A dedicated TechSpot sleeve provides an ideal space for your tablet.</p><p><img src="../resources/images/backpack-laptop-tablet-compartment.jpg" width="400"></p><h3 id="Main-Pocket"><a href="#Main-Pocket" class="headerlink" title="Main Pocket"></a>Main Pocket</h3><p>The main pocket provides protected packing for multiple binders, gaming peripherals, and other accessories.</p><p>With lots of pockets within the main compartment, which can carry all of your necessities around you.Large capacity design, most of your living necessities can be loaded freely</p><p>Dual-zip main compartment for secure, spacious storage.</p><p>Spacious large main compartment holds your daily essentials easily. </p><p>Large packing capacity to fit binders and anything else you need.</p><p><img src="../resources/images/backpack-main-component.jpg" width="400"></p><p>Built-in padded laptop sleeve perfect for most 15.6” laptops, extra integrated storage pocket for 10” iPad tablet</p><p><img src="../resources/images/backpack-laptop.jpg" width="400"></p><p>there are seven organizational pockets within the main compartment designed for all of your urban gadgets: wallet, pens, camera, portable chargers, mouse, iPod, samll toys, handy beauty tools etc. </p><h3 id="Organizer-Pocket-Bottom-Front-Pocket"><a href="#Organizer-Pocket-Bottom-Front-Pocket" class="headerlink" title="Organizer Pocket/Bottom Front Pocket"></a>Organizer Pocket/Bottom Front Pocket</h3><p><strong>Multi-pocket organzier with key fob: </strong> Multiple pockets including a zippered mesh pocket, pen pockets, lidded media pocket and key fob hook are perfect for keeping all of your smaller items secure.</p><p>The interior pocket organizer provides divider pockets for pens, pencils, cellphone, and anything else you need.</p><p>1 pocket on the bottom front that contains a bunch of small organizer pockets found in every backpack that nobody ever uses.</p><p>Front organization panel keeps small items in place and makes finding them a breeze</p><p>Zippered laminated mesh pocket inside is perfect for travel documents 主袋内的网袋</p><p>External fleece-lined pocket for sunglasses or electronics</p><p>Front compartment has internal organization with a fleece-lined media pocket, secure zippered pocket and elastic webbing for cord management</p><p>Front compartment has internal organization with a fleece-lined media pocket, secure zippered pocket and elastic webbing for cord management 也可以配一个羊毛里布用于放置眼镜和手机等。</p><p>常用的做法:</p><p><img src="../resources/images/backpack-organizer.jpg" height="400"><img src="../resources/images/backpack-organizer-2.jpg" height="400"><img src="../resources/images/backpack-organizer-3.jpg" height="400"><img src="../resources/images/backpack-organizer-4.jpg" height="400"></p><h3 id="Lay-flat-Design"><a href="#Lay-flat-Design" class="headerlink" title="Lay-flat Design"></a>Lay-flat Design</h3><p>Unobstructed(通常的), lay-flat design(凭证设计), helps speed through airport security(TSA X-ray machines)</p><p>With this backpack, getting through airport security is quicker and easier. The laptop compartment opens quickly at the security checkpoint and the laptop window makes your computer visible while scanning. So, your computer stays inside your bag while it’s scanned.</p><p>The laptop computer compartment is airport friendly allowing you to keep your computer safe when passing through security. At checkpoint, unfolds to flat position, keeping above and below the laptop sections clear.</p><p>The unique quick-recognition window design makes going through security less of a hassle.</p><p><img src="../resources/images/backpack-flat-design.jpg" height="400"></p><h3 id="Airflow-Back-System"><a href="#Airflow-Back-System" class="headerlink" title="Airflow Back System"></a>Airflow Back System</h3><p>Airflow Back System: Multi-panel airflow design provides extra padding for comfort and maximum back support</p><p>AIRFLOW back panel</p><p><img src="../resources/images/backpack-airflow-backing-system.jpg" height="400"></p><h3 id="Sunglass-Holder"><a href="#Sunglass-Holder" class="headerlink" title="Sunglass Holder"></a>Sunglass Holder</h3><p>There is an elastic tab on the shoulder strap that keeps sunglasses secure and conveniently accessible.</p><p>The Suspension System provides relief when carrying heavier loads. It does so by dampening the shock of weight transfer while transporting your gear.</p><p><img src="../resources/images/backpack-eyeglass-holder.jpg" height="400"></p><p>外袋的垂直拉链口常用于放置太阳镜。</p><h3 id="Adjustable-side-compression-straps"><a href="#Adjustable-side-compression-straps" class="headerlink" title="Adjustable side compression straps"></a>Adjustable side compression straps</h3><p>可调侧腰缩带。</p><h3 id="Removable-Key-Fob"><a href="#Removable-Key-Fob" class="headerlink" title="Removable Key Fob"></a>Removable Key Fob</h3><p>Organizer with key fob</p><p>a removable key fob to help you keep track of your keychain.</p><p><img src="../resources/images/backpack-removable-key-fob.jpg" height="400"></p><h3 id="Padded-back-panel"><a href="#Padded-back-panel" class="headerlink" title="Padded back panel"></a>Padded back panel</h3><p>Padded backrest </p><p>air exchange of bearing system</p><p>Increase air cushion gasket back and waist,breathable mesh and inner filling soft interlayer sponge,buffer shock absorption,reduce the pressure of body contact area,further enhance with comfort</p><p>thickening sponge</p><p>Padded back panel ensure cushioning comfort.</p><p>Padded back panel: Padding in the back panel provides comfort when carrying your gear.</p><p>the thickening sponge protection a good protection; it can effectively reduce the burden</p><p>Reduce the burden system design</p><p><img src="../resources/images/backpack-backrest.jpg" height="400"></p><p>Cool Durability: Breathable mesh panels on the backside of the pack provide a comfortable carrying experience for the long-haul, alleviating the discomfort of strenuous and perspiring jaunts! Plus, a secret zipper compartment on the backside of the backpack is the perfect hiding spot for a wallet, keys or an ID.</p><p><img src="../resources/images/backpack-mesh-penel.jpg" height="400"></p><p>The FlexVent™ suspension system boasts custom injection-molded shoulder straps, a padded mesh back panel with a spine channel and a wicking lumbar panel for maximum support and ventilation</p><p>TODO</p><p><img src="../resources/images/backpack-mesh-penel.jpg" height="400"></p><h3 id="Padded-bottom-panel"><a href="#Padded-bottom-panel" class="headerlink" title="Padded bottom panel"></a>Padded bottom panel</h3><p>可能存在的问题:</p><ul><li>A reinforced bottom with another layer of canvas or leather, would be good for durability. 底部不耐用,容易磨损。</li></ul><h3 id="Monster-hook"><a href="#Monster-hook" class="headerlink" title="Monster hook"></a>Monster hook</h3><h3 id="Media-pocket-integrated-on-shoulder-strap"><a href="#Media-pocket-integrated-on-shoulder-strap" class="headerlink" title="Media pocket integrated on shoulder strap"></a>Media pocket integrated on shoulder strap</h3><p>Integrated media pocket: A clever mesh pocket located on the shoulder strap is ideal for quick access items like a cell phone or MP3 player.</p><p>Deluxe media pocket, with headphone port</p><p><img src="../resources/images/backpack-integrated-media-pocket.jpg" height="400"></p><p>Also features a port for headphone wires on the top of right</p><p><img src="../resources/images/backpack-headphone-wires.jpg" height="400"></p><h3 id="Adjustable-sternum-strap"><a href="#Adjustable-sternum-strap" class="headerlink" title="Adjustable sternum strap"></a>Adjustable sternum strap</h3><p>Sternum strap with whistle buckle</p><p>可调节的胸带</p><h3 id="Daisy-chain-loops-for-attaching-extra-gear"><a href="#Daisy-chain-loops-for-attaching-extra-gear" class="headerlink" title="Daisy chain loops for attaching extra gear"></a>Daisy chain loops for attaching extra gear</h3><p><img src="../resources/images/backpack-chain-loops.jpg" height="400"></p><h3 id="Wheels"><a href="#Wheels" class="headerlink" title="Wheels"></a>Wheels</h3><p>Smooth rolling, corner-mounted wheels</p><p>Inline skate style wheels are corner mounted for stability and provide a smooth ride. Molded feet provide added stability.</p><p>The telescoping handle stores neatly under the zippered cover.</p><p><img src="../resources/images/backpack-corner-mounted-wheels.jpg" height="400"></p><p>Soft and noiseless wheels for stable and controlled motion</p><h3 id="Reflective-strip-for-added-safety"><a href="#Reflective-strip-for-added-safety" class="headerlink" title="Reflective strip for added safety"></a>Reflective strip for added safety</h3><p>Reflective bike-light loop, reflective water bottle tabs and reflective shoulder strap create 360-degrees of reflectivity</p><h3 id="Handle"><a href="#Handle" class="headerlink" title="Handle"></a>Handle</h3><p>Top grab handle/Top-mounted, reinforced haul handle</p><p>The top grab handle offers quick grab-and-go mobility</p><p><img src="../resources/images/backpack-top-handle.jpg" height="400"></p><p>Hideaway telescoping handle/Telescoping</p><p><img src="../resources/images/backpack-hideaway-telescoping-handle.jpg" height="400"></p><p>Sturdy molded plastic handle supported by metal grommets and cabling</p><p><img src="../resources/images/backpack-molded-plastic-handle.jpg" height="400"></p><p>Telescoping single handle 伸缩手柄</p><h3 id="Bottom"><a href="#Bottom" class="headerlink" title="Bottom"></a>Bottom</h3><p>Rugged, anti-slip faux leather bottom stabilizes bag on the ground and protects the bag from dirt and wet. </p><p><img src="../resources/images/backpack-bottom.jpg" height="400"></p><h3 id="Back-Pocket"><a href="#Back-Pocket" class="headerlink" title="Back Pocket"></a>Back Pocket</h3><p>Bonus external zipper pocket on the back provide an easy access to the most-used items such as cellphone or keys. </p><h3 id="Side-sleeve-Pocket"><a href="#Side-sleeve-Pocket" class="headerlink" title="Side sleeve Pocket"></a>Side sleeve Pocket</h3><p>Side access exposed mixed metal zippered sleeve pocket</p><p><img src="../resources/images/Side-sleeve-Pocket.jpg" height="400"></p><h3 id="Adjustable-waist-strap"><a href="#Adjustable-waist-strap" class="headerlink" title="Adjustable waist strap"></a>Adjustable waist strap</h3><p>Adjustable shoulder strap and waist strap to fit your need. </p><p>Removable waist belt</p><p><img src="../resources/images/backpack-waist-strap.jpg" height="400"></p><h3 id="D-door"><a href="#D-door" class="headerlink" title="D-door"></a>D-door</h3><p>Front zippered D-door easily opens into a large compartment for gym clothes or shoes</p><p><img src="../resources/images/backpack-D-door.jpeg" height="400"></p><h3 id="Large-top-loading-main-compartment"><a href="#Large-top-loading-main-compartment" class="headerlink" title="Large top-loading main compartment"></a>Large top-loading main compartment</h3><p><img src="../resources/images/large-top-loading.jpeg" height="400"></p><h3 id="Crush-proof-AC-Adapter-garage"><a href="#Crush-proof-AC-Adapter-garage" class="headerlink" title="Crush-proof AC-Adapter garage"></a>Crush-proof AC-Adapter garage</h3><p>Crush-proof AC-Adapter garage that isolates heavy (or fragile) accessories from the rest of the pack. Positioned at the bottom for better load balancing. Removable for those times when you need extra storage capacity</p><p><img src="../resources/images/ac-adapter-garage.jpeg" height="400"></p><h2 id="Closure"><a href="#Closure" class="headerlink" title="Closure"></a>Closure</h2><ul><li>zipper closure</li><li>lockable zippers</li><li>Leather zipper pulls</li></ul><h3 id="Snap-closure"><a href="#Snap-closure" class="headerlink" title="Snap closure"></a>Snap closure</h3><p>Magnetic flap closure/Snap closure/Magnetic strap closures with metal pin clips. </p><p>magnetic strap closures with metal pin clip</p><p>Buckle closure</p><p>Main compartment cinch top closure</p><p><img src="../resources/images/backpack-magnetic-flap-closure.jpg" height="400"></p><h3 id="Adjustable-drawstring-closure"><a href="#Adjustable-drawstring-closure" class="headerlink" title="Adjustable drawstring closure"></a>Adjustable drawstring closure</h3><p>Thick gauge cording witheasy drawstring closure</p><p><img src="../resources/images/backpack-adjustable-drawstring-closure.jpg" height="400"></p><h3 id="snap-fastener"><a href="#snap-fastener" class="headerlink" title="snap fastener"></a>snap fastener</h3><p>Branded magnetic mixed metal snap fastener.</p><p><img src="../resources/images/snap fastener.jpg" height="400"></p><h3 id="diagonal-zipper"><a href="#diagonal-zipper" class="headerlink" title="diagonal zipper"></a>diagonal zipper</h3><p><img src="../resources/images/snap fastener.jpg" height="400"></p><p>High strength zinc alloy resin zipper</p><h3 id="magnetic-buckles"><a href="#magnetic-buckles" class="headerlink" title="magnetic buckles"></a>magnetic buckles</h3><p>磁性搭扣</p><h3 id="Full-expansion-zipper"><a href="#Full-expansion-zipper" class="headerlink" title="Full expansion zipper"></a>Full expansion zipper</h3><p>Full expansion zipper adds over 10 percent of volume for all those treasures you pick up along on your journey</p><p><img src="../resources/images/full-expansion-zipper.jpeg" height="400"></p><h3 id="hip-belt-zip-U-zipper"><a href="#hip-belt-zip-U-zipper" class="headerlink" title="hip belt zip/U-zipper"></a>hip belt zip/U-zipper</h3><p>hip belt zip away for checking luggage</p><p>Full-access U-zipper allows the Redwing to work as both a top-loader and a panel loader, adding convenience to any adventure.</p><p><img src="../resources/images/u-zipper.jpeg" height="400"></p><h3 id="Hip-belt"><a href="#Hip-belt" class="headerlink" title="Hip belt"></a>Hip belt</h3><p>Padded, tuck-away, load bearing hip belt to carry up to 70% of the load</p><p>腰带</p><h2 id="FAQ"><a href="#FAQ" class="headerlink" title="FAQ"></a>FAQ</h2><ul><li>BP1009 材料。</li><li>17 英寸电脑的长宽。</li><li>Airflow Backing System</li></ul>]]></content>
<summary type="html">
<h2 id="分类"><a href="#分类" class="headerlink" title="分类"></a>分类</h2><p>在 Amazon 上 Backpack 分为:</p>
<ul>
<li>Casual Daypacks</li>
<li>Kids’ Ba
</summary>
<category term="Bag" scheme="http://blog.inesoi.com/categories/Bag/"/>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>阿里巴巴排名</title>
<link href="http://blog.inesoi.com/alibaba-ranking.html"/>
<id>http://blog.inesoi.com/alibaba-ranking.html</id>
<published>2015-09-28T16:00:00.000Z</published>
<updated>2018-08-19T10:09:33.804Z</updated>
<content type="html"><![CDATA[<h2 id="阿里巴巴排名"><a href="#阿里巴巴排名" class="headerlink" title="阿里巴巴排名"></a>阿里巴巴排名</h2><p>See <a href="http://waimaoquan.alibaba.com/bbs/read-htm-tid-2444393-fid-309.html" target="_blank" rel="external">2015年阿里巴巴新规则解读之总结篇(八) -外贸名人堂- 阿里巴巴外贸圈外贸论坛</a></p><ol><li>第一个篇章:信保在阿里平台引流过程中对卖家的影响,即信保数据通过平台展现,让买家在选择卖家的时候,信保数据在潜移默化的改变买家的采购行为,进而改变店铺和产品的曝光、点击和反馈等一系列数据; </li><li>第二个篇章:买家偏好直接影响自然排名产品的数据变化,进而改变自然产品的排名; </li><li>第三个篇章:重点跟大家讲解了数据积累对整个P4P排名和出价高低的决定性影响; </li><li>第四个篇章:跟大家讲解了商业因素中,流量资源对自然产品排名和P4P竞价产品的影响; </li><li>第五个篇章:跟大家分解了,影响我们店铺和产品的数据,分别来自于哪些流量渠道,以及我们应该如何去对待这些流量的询盘; </li><li>第六个篇章:重点分享了店铺和产品的数据,给P4P的星级和竞价带来了哪些影响; </li><li>第七个篇章:跟大家分享了在发布产品中,应该如何填写最佳的文本信息,以及文本信息在整个排名中的重要性; </li><li>第八个篇章:通过直观的思维导图,将前面7个篇章的内容以一定的逻辑关系展示出来,如下图所示,依次通过案例给大家做讲解;</li></ol><figure class="image-bubble"> <div class="img-lightbox"> <div class="overlay"></div> <img src="../resources/images/309_1057775_792910bfd43df52.jpg" alt="" title=""> </div> <div class="image-caption"></div> </figure><p>产品排名取决于三个重要的因素,即由买家偏好+商业因素+产品信息质量三者共同决定,且这三者在整个排名中,我在第三个篇章里面推断的是: 买家偏好占50%的权重,商业因素占比30%,产品信息质量占比20%。</p><p>为了证明这个假设的合理性,我就随机从后台列举一个三好产品,即买家偏好(产品的数据好)+商业因素好(橱窗和P4P资源)+文本信息好(买家搜索使用的关键词与产品文本信息的匹配度),如下剪切图(1)所示(剪切路径为: 打开数据管家→我的产品→有效果产品→按月统计→选择橱窗→反馈从高到低排序): </p><p><img src="../resources/images/309_1057775_e3dacab3cda1646.jpg" alt=""></p><ul><li>买家偏好所对应的:产品的曝光、点击、点击率、访客、反馈和反馈率都很好。 </li><li>商业因素: 这个产品所使用的流量为:即是橱窗,也是P4P推广产品。 </li><li><p>文本相关性:依次如下图:</p><p> <img src="../resources/images/309_1057775_ef559163543d290.jpg" alt=""></p></li><li><p>产品的名称为: 42 Inch Touchscreen All In One TV PC computer, 搜索引擎抓取的时候会优先匹配标题,很多关键词都隐藏在标题当中。 </p><p> 在文本信息出现与标题匹配的信息为红色框所示:</p><p> <img src="../resources/images/309_1057775_51fc48eb97fdb93.jpg" alt=""></p><p> 在详细描述中与标题匹配:</p><p> <img src="../resources/images/309_1057775_ef8dd657e5d1fa1.jpg" alt=""></p><p> <img src="../resources/images/309_1057775_86b93ed259bc411.jpg" alt=""></p></li></ul><p>产品设置的三个关键词依次为(Keywords=k): </p><ul><li>K1:All InOne TV PC Computer </li><li>K2:TVPC Computer </li><li>K3: 42 Inch PC Computer </li></ul><p>依次在alibaba.com首页去查找关键词的排名,排名显示为: </p><ul><li>K1排名为首页自然排名第5名 </li><li>K2排名为首页自然排名第5名 </li><li>K3排名为首页自然排名第21名 </li></ul><p>这还不足以说明这个产品的排名很好,产品设置的关键词,都是我们根据自己的想法设置,实际上,我们不可能知道买家是通过什么样的关键词找到我们产品的,但不管怎样,客户能找到这个产品,肯定是与标题中的词语离不开,所以我们现在以PC Computer为核心词语,用标题中的其他词语与核心词语搭配去搜索,看能否有对应的排名,随机选择的关键词如下,并查找排名为: </p><ul><li>K4:PCComputer 首页自然排名第28名 </li><li>K5:AllIn One PC Computer 首页自然排名第10名 </li><li>K6:TouchscreenTV PC Computer 首页自然排名第10名 </li><li>K7:42Inch Touchscreen PC Computer 首页自然排名第2名 </li><li>K8:42 Inch TV PC Computer 首页自然排名第10名 </li></ul><p>通过以上K4到K8的关键词验证得知,一个阿里搜索引擎所偏好的“三好”产品,即使只发布一个产品,这个产品也会覆盖很多关键词,即使没有在K1/K2/K3中设置,依然会被搜索引擎优先抓取而展示在买家面前。 </p><p>通过新规则的推导,也可以解决很多大家提出的疑问,比如: </p><ol><li><p>为什么排名是实时变化的? </p><p> 买家偏好,是由数据积累和买家行为共同决定,数据积累是实时动态变化的一个过程,当对应产品的数据高于前面或者后面产品的时候,买家偏好所占的比重就会跟着变化,自然排名就在实时变化…. </p></li><li><p>为什么发布普通产品排名效果不好? </p><p> 发布普通产品的时候,尤其是很多有热度的词语,最多只能做到产品信息质量拿到20%的权重,买家偏好和商业因素的权重都很低,导致整个产品的权重分上不去,排名自然就上不去….. </p></li><li><p>为什么产品信息优化的很好,但就是没有排名? </p><p> 产品信息好,只表示信息质量拿到了20%的权重值,但缺少买家偏好和商业因素分值。 </p></li><li><p>为什么新规则变化之后,后台数据急剧下降? </p><p> 新规则变化之前,很多产品是靠信息的优化排名上去的,这些有排名的产品,没有实实在在带来数据积累,只有30%的商业因素权重和20%的信息质量权重值,产品的总权重值上不去,排名就会下降…….<br>总结:新规则变化之后,买家偏好的比重加大,这也是互联网的一个最大特征,以买家为导向,将贯穿整个平台的始终,正是这一点的变化,我们运营店铺的思维一定要改变,之前我们可以通过SEO的方式排名靠前,来获得较好的店铺数据和产品数据,当以买家为导向之后,SEO的作用已经被弱化,那如何快速提高店铺的效果呢?无疑是P4P投放,因为P4P可以迅速让产品的排名靠前,即店铺和产品获的流量数据(爆点反…)最快,即通过一定量的P4P投入,来给店铺和产品引流,让流量变成数据(曝光、点击、点击率、反馈、访客…等买家行为),并最终转化成询盘。所以,2015年是一个节点,接下来将是一个流量为王的时代,流量的变现能力将是衡量一家店铺竞争力的重要指标! </p></li></ol><h2 id="信保"><a href="#信保" class="headerlink" title="信保"></a>信保</h2><p>2014 年听过我分享的朋友,都应该记得我有讲到:<strong>排名取决于产品和店铺的权重值,权重值又由很多权重因子构成</strong>,从排名算法上,这条核心没什么变化,变化最大的是阿里巴巴B2B平台未来的战略方向发生了革命性的改变。大家也应该还记得,每次跟大家分享,我都会从平台的本质出发剖析B2B平台的本质: 在我们原本的原本的意识里,B2B还是一个在买家和卖家之间,以信息交易为主的平台,但是从2015年开始,这个以信息交易为主的平台开始过渡到以成交额为主的平台了,这就是我们每天都必须谈论的—信保 (Trade Assurance)。</p><p>阿里从2014年开始就在着手做一件非常有颠覆性的工作: 阿里要给所有的买家和卖家分级,所有经过阿里认证的买家,在发询盘的时候都会有一个蓝标的标志,而且阿里已将世界500强的企业和所有阿里系统活跃的买手全部锁定在认证系统里面,只要他们有采购需求,系统就会主动给卖家提示,这个就是买家的分级,那卖家分级呢?卖家分级就是通过信保的额度分级,信保额度越高,当买家搜索产品的时候,排名系统就会优先把这些信保额度高的卖家匹配给买家,在匹配这些信息的时候,信保额度的比重是相当大,所以,信保额度非常非常重要。因此,我要再次提醒大家,请没有亮灯的卖家一定尽快亮灯,—亮灯之后就会有对应的信保额度。</p><p>2014年底,阿里开始推信保,有同学会发现:有些信保额度高的账号,询盘就多,但有些信保额度低的,询盘就少了很多,甚至排名也下降了很多。</p><p>过去,中国海关记录了咱们企业出口产品的所有数字,这些数字能很好的反应当地政府的政绩,但对企业呢,也仅仅是一组数字而已,一达通要做的,就是要将所有的出口数字变成一组数据,再将这些数据变成企业的商业信用推送给买家,这个就是信保。信,就是阿里给卖家授信,让买家信任卖家;保,就是阿里让买家的利益得到保证,快速促成贸易。信保背后纯商业信用的体现,在纯商业信用的保证下,加速买家和卖家之间的快速匹配及成交,匹配机制是所有搜索系统里面的核心,当成交变成数据之后,数据又通过一定的算法转化成了商业信用,就这就是在互联网的背景下,通过商业信用来颠覆整个传统的贸易方式,这才是阿里平台的未来制高点。</p><p>整个阿里的排名规则,权重值由三个大的维度来决定,<strong>第一个维度是: 买家偏好;第二维度是:商业因素;第三个维度是: 文本信息相关性。</strong>而在买家偏好当中,数据积累和买家行为是核心,信保只是数据积累中的一个重要环节,这个权重因子会在2015年的11月份左右正式引入到搜索匹配规则当中。</p><p>当下,信保的权重因子还没未被引入,引入后的权重比例也未知,但有一点大家务必清楚: 阿里B2B现有所有的流量端口都在主推信保,在这个风口之上,信保一定会间接影响一定数量产品的搜索排序,甚至包括P4P产品的竞价高低。 </p><p>不妨模拟买家行为去思考一下: 如果我是一个真实的买家,由于阿里的各个流量端口都在主推信保,无论我从哪个端口访问阿里巴巴,关于信保的所有内容都会主动推送给我,我可能因为好奇而被动的去了解,但我一旦了解到 <strong>信保对我的交期和质量有保证,而我又不需要有任何额外的成本产生</strong>,那我肯定就有想法去通过信保去了解我所要搜索的产品和供应商,这个时候信保的额度就开始起引导作用,因为信保的额度数字太容易引起买家的注意了,此时,信保额度越高的卖家,卖家被我点击的几率就越高,只要卖家被点击,被点击的这个产品所产生的曝光、点击甚至反馈就开始对整个产品的产品排序就开始发生作用。 额度越高,我就越有安全感,所以是信保在引导买家的行为,这种行为进而改变了产品和店铺的数据,自然询盘和排名都会受到影响。 </p><p>See <a href="http://waimaoquan.alibaba.com/bbs/read-htm-tid-2113195-fid-309.html" target="_blank" rel="external">2015阿里巴巴排名规则深度解读(一) -外贸名人堂- 阿里巴巴外贸圈外贸论坛</a></p><h2 id="买家偏好"><a href="#买家偏好" class="headerlink" title="买家偏好"></a>买家偏好</h2><p>产品搜索排名的位置是实时发生变化,而且这种变化跟浏览器,跟客户所在的区域,跟买家的搜索习惯密切相关。</p><p>数据分析流程如下: </p><ol><li>打开阿里后台,直接选择“数据管家”中的“我的产品”; </li><li>在我的产品模块中选择有效果产品,并选择按周统计; </li><li><p>在按周统计的数据列表中选择“反馈”这个功能,并点击反馈右边的第二个倒三角形,此时会出现很多有反馈的产品,这些产品有些有P4P的标志,有些没有这个标志,选择一个没有P4P标志的产品,直接用这个产品的标题中对应的某个关键词 (旁边有个词来源) alibaba.com 搜索;搜索结果就是: 这个产品的排名很好。 </p><p> <img class="J_post_img" src="http://waimaoquan.alibaba.com/bbs/attachment/1503/thread/309_1057775_9e20908927c51c0.jpg"></p><p> 图中所示红色方框中的产品非P4P产品,也没有橱窗的标志,在alibaba.com中搜索 digital photo frame 这个关键词,有6个固定排名,5个P4P,自然排名排在第19位,亲爱的同学们,这只是一个普通产品哦,产品示例如下: </p><p> <img src="../resources/images/309_1057775_b48ce3d3d7dd17b.jpg" alt=""></p></li><li><p>记住这个产品,再次打开后台,并看下橱窗中是否有设置这个产品,很奇怪的时候,这个产品并没有被设置成橱窗,但排名却非常好。</p></li></ol><p>排名权重值中,买家偏好中的 <em>买家行为</em> 对整个搜索排名的影响。买家偏好有两个重要的权重因子,一个是数据积累,一个是买家行为,今天我所讲到的就是买家行为的重要性。而在买家行为中,阿里巴巴搜索系统最看重的是买家搜索的路径,即: 买家是通过哪些途径找到卖家产品,以及最终给卖家发送的询盘,在所有的买家搜索过程中,阿里巴巴的搜索引擎会选出一条最短的买家搜索路径,一旦阿里的系统认定是最短搜索路径,这个路径下对应的某个产品(不管是橱窗、P4P或是普通产品)的排名就会很快排名靠前,橱窗和普通产品的表现方式就是排名靠前,对应的P4P产品星级就会上升,并最终达到竞价下降的效果。 </p><p>在整个阿里后台里面,我们能找到搜索路径的板块并不多,后台中,“知买家”中的“访客详情”就可以找到访客的访问路径,如图所示:</p><figure class="image-bubble"> <div class="img-lightbox"> <div class="overlay"></div> <img src="../resources/images/309_1057775_93f5688a9136bcf.jpg" alt="" title=""> </div> <div class="image-caption"></div> </figure><p>在都有反馈的前提下,浏览量越少,即表达买家越喜欢这个产品,在搜索引擎中的表达就是: 搜索路径最短,如果是普通产品,排名会越好,如果是P4P产品,所需要的竞价底价越低。 </p><p>今天我自己突然有个大胆的假设: 如果权重值由买家偏好、商业因素和文本相关性因素共同决定,那他们对应的比重值是多少呢?我的推想是:买家偏好占50%,商业因素占30%,文本相关性占20%。</p><p>See <a href="http://waimaoquan.alibaba.com/bbs/read-htm-tid-2163196-fid-309.html" target="_blank" rel="external">2015年阿里巴巴排名规则深度解读(二) -外贸名人堂- 阿里巴巴外贸圈外贸论坛</a></p><h3 id="买家行为"><a href="#买家行为" class="headerlink" title="买家行为"></a>买家行为</h3><p>对于阿里平台本身来说,它是希望买家能在平台里面找到自己所需要的信息,但这些供应商的能力是参差不齐的。如果优质的供应商能排在首页,满足买家的需求的概率就会大很多,但平台本身是无法辨别出供应商的好坏,此时,必须要借助买家行为来判断。买家行为又通过什么样的方式来体现呢?就是数据。买家的行为可以直接通过曝光、点击和反馈的次数,以及买家在产品页面或者旺铺页面停留的时间等各种数据综合反应出来。即数据越好,买家可能会越喜欢,所以阿里的系统能根据综合数据,快速选出哪些供应商是买家所需要的优质供应商,最后通过搜索排名的先后展现在买家面前。 </p><p>当一个买家开始浏览一个页面的时候,买家浏览的页面搜索使用的关键词、以及产生的曝光、点击、反馈、点击率、反馈率….所有这些数据都会被系统所记录, 这些数据就能很好的去反应买家对其所浏览的页面偏好,在某种程度上,数据越好,反映出买家对浏览页面越偏好,从而平台的系统能迅速识别出那些产品页面好,哪些店铺好。 </p><p>为了能更好的留住潜在的买家,于是阿里的系统就会通过数据搜索算法的方式,通过自然排名或者商业因素(P4P)的方式,以最低的成本将这些优质的产品或者店铺排在首页,去服务好那些潜在的买家(当然这只是相对的,因为整个平台上的供应商,信息质量都不好,相当于矮子当中挑高个子来服务好买家),只有这样,整个平台的用户体量才能做的更大。</p><p>其逻辑关系是: 用户变成流量,流量在网络平台里面通过买家行为,以数据的方式沉淀在店铺和产品里面,这些数据就变成衡量卖家好坏的重要指标,这些指标决定着产品的排名和P4P的出价高低,进而决定我们询盘数量的多少,并最终影响店铺的投入和产出比。实际上就是一个逻辑闭环: 流量变成数据—数据变成权重值—权重值改变排名—排名又影响流量。简单地说就是:流量-数据-权重-排名。 </p><p>当明白这个逻辑关系后,就不难理解,P4P产品的竞价底价是越做越低的,这也是为什么同一个关键词在不同的主账号中,P4P的竞价底价都不一样,以及同一个关键词在指向不同产品做P4P推广时,即使都是5星产品,他们的竞价底价都不一样。 </p><h2 id="数据积累"><a href="#数据积累" class="headerlink" title="数据积累"></a>数据积累</h2><p>在做数据对比之前,先给大家讲解一下三个账号的背景,我自己的行业属于电子类,具体的产品是液晶广告显示屏,为了让业务员有更多的询盘,我陆续对这个产品投入了3个主账号。</p><ol><li><p>第一个主账号已经有七年的年限,每年的投资方案分别是: 金品诚企 (69800元/年) +P4P (投放金额为2万/月);如图所示-6年推广的关键词的数量为3474个。(注:金品诚企的价格有年限差异,年限≥5年为69800元/年;<5年为80000元/年)</p><p> <img src="../resources/images/309_1057775_dbf224a8b5de8b0.jpg" alt=""></p></li><li><p>第二个账号是3年的年限,每年的投资方案是: 基础方案(29800元/年)+P4P (投放金额为: +2万/月); 如图所示-关键词的个数为5918个,最近30天的P4P的投放金额为:21211.6元。</p><p> <img src="../resources/images/309_1057775_8bc4a094f3174c5.jpg" alt=""></p></li><li><p>第三个账号是2年的年限,每年的投资方案是: 基础方案(29800元/年)+P4P (投放金额为: +9000元/月),如图所示,关键词的数量为208个,最近30天的投放金额是:</p><p> 选择 digital photo frame 这个词为例,在行业里面有两家供应商已经买了固定排名。</p><p> <a href="http://waimaoquan.alibaba.com/bbs/attachment/1504/thread/309_1057775_7d1b0daaa7444c2.jpg" target="_blank" rel="external"></a></p></li></ol><p>现在我要做这样一个数据对比:现将 digital photo<br>frame 这个热门的关键词分别拿到我所介绍的三个不同的P4P账号里面,来检验一下各自的竞价有何特点?</p><ol><li><p>2 年号的P4P的竞价底价:</p><p> <img src="../resources/images/309_1057775_3ab99ea8dbd8c05.jpg" alt=""></p><p> 2年号: Digital Photo Frame最近30天的数据为: </p><p> 曝光-14391;点击量-62,点击率-0.43%,平均单价为:8.04元,对应的竞价分别为:</p><ol><li>第一名: 84.6</li><li>第二名: 22.9</li><li>第三名: 22.6</li><li>第四名: 19.5</li><li>第五名: 18.7</li></ol></li><li><p>3年号的P4P的竞价底价:</p><p> <img src="../resources/images/309_1057775_96ef275eec53777.jpg" alt=""></p><p> 3年号:Digital Photo Frame最近30天的数据为: </p><p> 曝光-10084;点击量-148,点击率-1.47%,平均单价为:5.52元,对应的竞价分别为:</p><ol><li>第一名: 37.9</li><li>第二名: 10.2</li><li>第三名: 8.8</li><li>第四名: 8.4</li><li>第五名: 6.6</li></ol></li><li><p>7年号的P4P的竞价底价:</p><p> <img src="../resources/images/309_1057775_e79509542562328.jpg" alt=""></p><p> 7年号:Digital<br> Photo Frame最近30天的数据为: 曝光-9520;点击量-160,点击率-1.68%,平均单价为:3.18元,对应的竞价分别为:</p><ul><li>第一名: 4.1</li><li>第二名: 0</li><li>第三名: 0</li><li>第四名: 0</li><li>第五名: 0</li></ul></li></ol><p>同一个关键词,7年号的第一名只要4.1元,没有任何竞争对手可以与之匹配,但2年的第一名却要84.6元,足足相差21倍,即使是第5名,也相差4.5倍的出价。这三个账号完全可以看成是同一个行业的三个不同的供应商—-也就是我们的同行,原来同行与同行在竞争出价的时候,我们每个店铺的竞价底价都是不一样的</p><p>把对应的数据放在一起,请大家看以下三张数据剪切图:</p><figure class="image-bubble"> <div class="img-lightbox"> <div class="overlay"></div> <img src="../resources/images/309_1057775_eb055cfbad6ed9b.jpg" alt="" title=""> </div> <div class="image-caption"></div> </figure> <figure class="image-bubble"> <div class="img-lightbox"> <div class="overlay"></div> <img src="../resources/images/309_1057775_1f66202612c59bb.jpg" alt="" title=""> </div> <div class="image-caption"></div> </figure> <figure class="image-bubble"> <div class="img-lightbox"> <div class="overlay"></div> <img src="../resources/images/309_1057775_3a5f98e2d6deaac.jpg" alt="" title=""> </div> <div class="image-caption"></div> </figure><p>通过如上三个图的数据对比可知:<strong>P4P平均点击单价的高低取决于点击率高低,点击率越高,所需要花费的单价越低,反之越高。</strong></p><p>依次点击打开数据管家中—我的产品—按月统计—反馈</p><ol><li><p>如7年号的剪切图所示:</p><p> <img src="../resources/images/309_1057775_d53a57a34a8cb46.jpg" alt="" title="点击查看原图"></p></li><li><p>3年号剪切图所示:</p><p> <img src="../resources/images/309_1057775_f9db4fbbd27fb47.jpg" alt="" title="点击查看原图"></p></li><li><p>2年号剪切图所示:</p><p> <img src="../resources/images/309_1057775_05d0e6422cba80a.jpg" alt="" title="点击查看原图"> </p></li></ol><p>通过以上数据再次对比发现:</p><ol><li>账号年限(在运营好店铺的前提下)和对应的询盘数量是成正比的,年限越长,数据越好(数据指的是点击率、点击量…),询盘就越多,对应的P4P点击单价就越低。</li><li>询盘越多的产品,则对应该产品在做P4P推广的时候,关键词所对应的竞价底价越低。</li></ol><p>综上所述,可以总结出: 同一行业中店铺与店铺,和同一店铺中产品与产品有着很大的差异性,这些差异性很大程度上,取决于店铺和产品的数据积累(这些数据积累决定着卖家在这个平台当中的投入和产出比),在阿里巴巴B2B平台里面,这些积累的数据更直观的反应出买家在搜索过程中的行为表现,这些行为表现实际反应的就是买家的搜索偏好。</p><p><strong>其中的逻辑关系是: </strong></p><p>买家在平台中进行产品需求搜索–便产生曝光、点击、停留时间、点击率、询盘数量和对应产品的反馈率等一系列的数据,这些数据平台会全部记录下来。在曝光一样的情况下,系统就会对比点击量;在点击量一样的情况下,就对比点击率;在点击率一样的情况下,就对比反馈率;在反馈率一样的前提下,就对比询盘的数量。这是由平台的性质决定了必须以询盘结果为导向(在平台原理中,我反复强调: B2B目前是信息平台,信保的出现,表示这个信息平台正在向交易平台转变,以后很可能就是一个交易平台,当变成交易平台,就会以成交量为结果导向)。</p><p>当这些数据的比值出来之后,买家搜索最短路径就非常容易辨别,此时阿里的搜索引擎和对应的P4P的出价系统便立刻开始通过价格高低的形式来差异化供应商的店铺权重值和产品权重,这个时候自然排名和P4P的竞价排名就开始及时变化,变化的准则是:让优质的卖家优先与买家匹配。</p><p>具体的表现形式为: 让买家偏好高的产品或者店铺优先排名靠前,也就是说即使是数据很好的普通产品,也要比橱窗的排名要靠前多。这就是为什么当新规则实施后,很多店铺的橱窗排名下降了,而很多普通产品却排在了首页的前面位置,大家不妨去验证一下,这些排名很好的普通产品,在后台所对应的数据一定会很好(新规则解读第二个篇章中已做解读)<br>,如果是P4P产品,P4P出价系统就会主动让那些数据好的产品,通过更低的价格,甚至是低价获得第一名的排名位置,此时这些排名好的产品便会进入一个良性的循环,形成马太效应: 低价获得好位置,好位置带来更多的流量,流量又能转化成数据(曝光、点击、点击率…..)沉淀在店铺和产品中,<br>数据越好,越是能反映出买家的偏好,直至循环到通过低价就能排名第一(这一点我会在平台原理的课程中讲解透彻)。</p><p>数据积累中的数据指的是:</p><ol><li>单个产品的曝光、点击、点击率、停留时间、反馈率和询盘数量;</li><li>整个店铺的曝光、点击和询盘的反馈总量;</li><li>整个店铺的流量转化率: 总的曝光到总的点击的转化率;</li><li>询盘和旺旺信息的及时回复率;</li></ol><p>See <a href="http://waimaoquan.alibaba.com/bbs/read-htm-tid-2265162-1-fid-309.html" target="_blank" rel="external">【超级干货】2015年阿里巴巴排名规则深度解读(三) -外贸名人堂- 阿里巴巴外贸圈外贸论坛</a></p><h2 id="商业因素"><a href="#商业因素" class="headerlink" title="商业因素"></a>商业因素</h2><p>一共有如下五种资源是我们要通过商业方式去购买的, 依次分别是: 顶级展位,固定排名,P4P产品、橱窗产品和金品诚企。就是这些商业化的资源,间接影响了我们店铺和产品的数据。</p><p>其中的原理就是: </p><p>平台通过商业因素改变产品和店铺的排名,让买家去选择这些产品,即买家偏好会通过数据闭环(曝光、点击、点击率、反馈、反馈率、最短搜索路径等因素),最终以询盘结果为导向去影响自然产品的排名和P4P的竞价高低,这就是30%的商业因素对产品和店铺的影响。</p><p>我再通过时间维度去介绍这些商业性的产品,分析下他们与平台操作之间的某种逻辑关系:</p><ol><li>首先,阿里巴巴在1999成立之初,全球宝里面就有橱窗资源,根据企业的不同实力,可以选购固定排名;</li><li>其次,2010年11月底,在广东试点P4P(直通车-竞价排名);</li><li>再次,2011年10月,推出金品诚企,金品的三个核心价值是: 40橱窗+2分钟的视频拍摄+一份第三方认证报告;</li><li>最后,是2014年4月,宣布取消固定排名,同年6月推出顶级展位,8月正式上线。</li></ol><p>以上就是阿里巴巴的几个商业产品依次推出的时间段,今天我想给大家总结出,随着这些产品的推出,我们曾有过以及即将有哪些时间机会窗口。大家对比一下,这些机会窗口,我们都把握住了吗?!</p><ol><li><p>1999–2005年: 阿里巴巴成立于1999年,在初期,国际站B2B是唯一的产品。2003年有了淘宝, 2005又收购了雅虎中国,我把收购雅虎中国视为一个时间节点,原因在于2005年之前,B2B和淘宝平台,都没有一个完善的搜索匹配技术,即两个平台不能精确地在买家和卖家之间通过搜索达到高效匹配的原则。但还是得益于互联网刚开始快速发展,以及整个国际商业环境,都处于卖方市场,所以1999年到2005年之间,<strong>只要是阿里国际站的会员,不管是付费,还是免费,供应商都能接到很多订单,付费会员的订单量会更多</strong>。</p></li><li><p>2005 –2007年: 淘宝和国际站引入雅虎的搜索技术后,国际的付费会员和免费会员出现分水岭,通过搜索技术,平台能快速将那些付费的会员排名在首页,所以付费会员的订单量会更多,即使从不操作后台,都会收到询盘,然后这些询盘很快就能转化成订单;免费会员的订单开始急剧减少,只能接到少量的订单,因为平台限制了免费平台在搜索排名中的展示机会,导致的结果就是询盘更少。所以2005年-2007年期间,<strong>只要是阿里的付费会员,账号在7年之上,且大量使用固定排名资源的企业,他们一定赚得盆满钵满</strong>!</p></li><li><p>2007–2011年:搜索技术已经在阿里平台应用得非常成熟,并在2010年底推出P4P竞价排名。然而在2008年爆发全球经融危机——这是一个由卖方市场向买方市场转变的标志,这期间,<strong>只要是阿里的付费会员,即使是19800元的方案,并懂一点平台排名的SEO技术,哪怕SEO的技术就是每天多发一些产品,你的询盘都会比你的同行多得多</strong>。但2007年–2011年之间,真正懂这一点的人,真的不多,所以只要做到这一点的个人或者企业,也是闷声赚大钱,陈老师就是一个非常典型的案例。</p><p> 我06年毕业,07年12月才开始接触阿里平台,07年大年三十的晚上,一个人在深圳过年,实在是无聊得没办法了,就在阿里后台靠子账号发布产品,一个晚上能收到122条询盘。看到商机后,08年8月开始创业,09年7月就有了自己的工厂,2012年就已经初具规模,然后就顺理成章得有了现在的样子;相反,对这个平台,不做任何规划和操作的话,那就很可能订单不饱和,甚至人工成本都收不回,所以这期间的机会窗口就是:懂一点平台操作技巧,订单更多,付费会员有订单,免费会员基本接不到订单。</p></li><li><p>2011–2014年:2011年是另一个节点,为什么这样说呢?2010年10月底,阿里推出了P4P竞价;2011年阿里开始在全国推商圈和橙功营;2011年4月我自己开始对外分享,2011年年底阿里推出金品等等,在阿里的大力推动下,网商生态蓬勃发展,学习分享的风潮更甚, 2012年又开启全国各地的寻梦之旅。正是这股风潮让我从后台走到讲台,开始给全国各地的网商分享精细化运营和后台数据分析,中小外贸企业老板和能吃苦爱学习的外贸人对平台的钻研和热衷达到了野蛮式的发展程度;但是大家听再多的分享都抵挡不住新变化的大势: <strong>光靠发布普通产品和SEO的效果开始越来越差,倒是橱窗和P4P的资源开始越来越好用</strong>。</p><p> 好的时候,一个橱窗可以10个关键词都排在首页,P4P就更不在话下。在2012年业绩最高峰的时候,我的3个主账号一共有270个橱窗;在2013年7月,我开始把我后台的产品数量从13万个删除到只有4500多个。当产品减少的时候,询盘数量和质量却不断提高, 2013年的全年销售比2012年多,2014年又比2013年高出500多万人民币。所以我胆敢总结出: 在2011年–2014年之间,只 <strong>要懂阿里平台优化技巧,合理的多投入一点橱窗和P4P,即能充分利用排名资源的付费会员,订单会更多,有部分付费会员开始接不到充足的订单,免费会员完全接不到订单</strong>。</p></li><li><p>2015–2017年:一到2015年,很多同学,就更急了,急的原因是完全摸不着阿里的规则了,而且原有的排名变得一塌糊涂。甚至在我发布第一篇新规则解读的文章之后,有同学义愤填膺留言: 陈老师,你的文章通篇都在写信保,根本就看不到什么新规则!还好有另外一个同学在后面又补充到:不管什么时候,一定要学会借势!</p><p> 我非常认可这个同学的这句话,古曰“商场如战场”,今有“风借火势,火借风威”。既然,我们要做阿里巴巴这个平台,就要看得懂它的出牌规则,就要按照他的规则去借势,对于中国的中小微企业来说,“接更多的订单、赚更多的钱、养活更多的员工”才是王道,这样的企业才是“道德的”,这也是我们要在这个平台上做生意的初衷!所以,对于企业在阿里平台2015年—2017年之间的生存规则,我的预测如下:</p><ol><li>能专业运营店铺:专业的运营人员、店铺运营方案的投入产出比;</li><li>充分利用流量资源: 高效使用P4P (竞价越用越低) 和橱窗资源;</li><li>具备一定信保额度,并能熟练的运用信保接订单,信保额度越高,在P4P的高效引流作用下,订单会更多;</li><li>品牌和供应链体系开始影响订单的多与少;</li><li>供应商一定要养成淘客户的习惯,即: 从众多客户中挑选出优质的客户,并慢慢培养成我们的大客户;过去等待大客户的时代已经不存在,尤其是小公司接到大订单,肯定性会随着时间推移慢慢变小;</li><li>2016年年底,免费的会员,但能专业运营店铺,并能在国际B2B平台,快速通过信保转化流量的微型企业、会快速崛起。</li></ol></li><li><p>2017–2020年: 在2012年底,阿里B2B网站的总负责人在给马总汇报时就谈到,未来3-5年,B2B国际总体规划里面,就已经把信保视为了唯一的支点,来撬动整个全球的出口贸易,所以信保是不可逆的,在这个前提下,我预测出,要想保证2017年到2020年之间的业务会一直保留较好的发展态势,至少需要做到如下几点:</p><ol><li>有较高的信保的额度和较好的诚信体系;</li><li>有好的供应链及品牌优势, 好的供应链是指: 新产品的开发、创新、产品个性化需求程度、价格、质量、交货期等,在加上自己的品牌优势;</li><li>专业运营店铺是最基本的要求,快速转化平台流量才是王道;</li><li>老客户的数量——老客户的多少,直接决定着公司未来发展是否可持续。</li></ol></li></ol><p>通过上述的解读,请大家一定要在正确的时间窗口做正确的事情,否则会事倍功半。就像现在: 如果一拿到店铺,就开始让业务员或者一个新来的员工开始大量发布产品,这肯定是错误的,往往大多数的同学,都是这样在操作,结果不用说,肯定不会好;或者我们只做一个29800的方案,然后请2-3个人来操作店铺,这也是不科学的。3个人也是成本,为什么不要一个专业的人操作后台,然后另外两个人的成本直接用来投P4P买流量,既好管理,效果来得又快!</p><p>运营好一个店铺,实际上很简单,最为核心的因素:</p><ol><li>首先,一定要有专业的人或者团队来操作店铺,且这个人或者团队一定要非常了解我们的产品、了解我们的客户、了解我们的目标市场…</li><li><p>其次,是我们愿意和能够投入少钱去买流量(流量即客户,通过曝光、点击和反馈的形式存在), 最后将流量转化成订单。29800元只代表我们在万达广场有一个门面,但这个门面需要装修(这个是投入),需要展示产品(这个也是投入),然后是通过广告(这个也是投入)的形式引流,最后有客户来了,就必须要请两个客服人员来接待客户并转化成订单。</p><p> 这是一个互联网快速发展的的时代,物质非常丰富,不缺钱,缺的是客户的体验度和精神上的认可度,所以客服人员一定要专业和敬业;线下如此,线上更亦如此,所以阿里B2B变了,不管是买家偏好,还是商业因素,归结于一点:都是以用户为主,在阿里平台里面,没有买家这个引线,平台和卖家都走不远;如果买家满意了,平台就有流量,卖家就有客户。</p><p> 所以,作为商家的我们,我们必须快速提高并不断优化企业的电子商务能力。因为阿里的发展方向我们改变不了,阿里代表着的是源源不断的潜在客户,更多的时候,我们只能不断地去适应,在适应的过程中,去影响买家,阿里的规则会一直变下去,而且还是以买家变化为主,武功练到最后,就是无招胜有招!写了这么多,我真心希望大家能从文章中找出能回去执行落地的点,并坚持做下去!</p></li><li><p>最后,还是给大家做个推断, 且这个推断会解开大家心中的很多疑惑,2015年之前,阿里权重值有三大影响因素: 买家偏好+商业因素+文本信息相关性。变化之前的比重是: 20%买家偏好+30%商业因素+50%的文本信息,以信息为核心的平台特征;变化之后的比重是: 50%的买家偏好+30%商业因素+20%的文本信息。这样说吧, 变化的最大特征是: 弱化了文本信息的SEO的权重,强化了买家的权重,这样做的目的,或许是为了给信保体系做铺垫,即让更多的买家愿意直接在平台上面成交订单,形成以产品的成交量为核心的平台特征。以上观点仅代表我的个人推断,欢迎大家一起探讨和追溯!</p></li></ol><h2 id="阿里流量"><a href="#阿里流量" class="headerlink" title="阿里流量"></a>阿里流量</h2><p>先从第一个问题开始切入,阿里巴巴B2B平台的流量来自于哪些渠道?我归结为如下四个大的渠道:第一个渠道,是直接输入alibaba.com进行访问;第二个渠道,是阿里巴巴参加全球的各种大型的线下展会,让买家主动去了解阿里巴巴B2B平台;第三个渠道,是搜索引擎引流;第四个渠道,是各种社交媒体的引流。接下来,我逐个分析一下这四个渠道。 </p><p>通过流量的来源渠道综合分析,我们一定要改变对待询盘的态度。之前,绝大部分买家通过PC端给我们发送询盘,所以询盘的内容和资料都比较全,询盘质量的高低很容易鉴别;但随着移动互联的发展,很多买家开始通过手机端来找买家,手机端的优势就是方便快捷,但不足之处是内容不能写太多,所以很多通过移动端过来的询盘,询盘内容很简单,我们的业务员一看,就觉得质量不高,然后随便处理一下,可能在不经意间导致潜在优质客户流失。在此,我提醒大家:优质客户有一部分是自然存在的,另一部分是卖家培养出来的。之前是等待优质询盘和买家,现在一定用“淘”客户的思维去对待这些询盘,从众多询盘中淘出优质的买家;如果是小买家,我们一定要学会去培养买家,这种方式成长起来的客户一定是粘度很高的客户。 </p><p>See <a href="http://waimaoquan.alibaba.com/bbs/read-htm-tid-2314563-fid-309.html" target="_blank" rel="external">2015年阿里巴巴排名规则深度解读(五) -外贸名人堂- 阿里巴巴外贸圈外贸论坛</a></p><h3 id="直接访问-alibaba-com"><a href="#直接访问-alibaba-com" class="headerlink" title="直接访问 alibaba.com"></a>直接访问 alibaba.com</h3><p>随着互联网和移动终端设备的快速发展,由单一的PC端直接访问alibaba.com,演变成与移动终端设备两分天下的局面。据有关数据显示,截止目前,在直接访问阿里平台的所有流量里面,PC和移动端各占50%,而移动端流量的比重还在不断上升。 </p><p>在50%的PC端口,又细化成如下小的渠道: </p><ol><li>搜索结果页面、产品详细展示页面、询盘页面、旺铺页面、RFQ等各个小的搜索结果页面,这些界面都是买家最终到达的页面; </li><li>买家端的后台页面 (MA=My Alibaba): 这个界面应该与供应商的页面有些类似,只要是在阿里平台里面注册的买家,都会有一个自己的My Alibaba平台界面,很多买家每天都通过这个端口进入到alibaba.com的搜索界面; </li><li>阿里系统每天给所有在阿里平台里面注册的买家和卖家推送邮件信息,很多买家会通过这个链接直接返回到alibaba.com的界面; </li></ol><p>在50%的移动端口中,又细化成如下两个的渠道: </p><ol><li>无线买家APP端口, 阿里开发了App,只要买家在手机上安装,买家可以通过该App在手机直接访问alibaba.com平台,进行产品的搜索; </li><li>手机端浏览器,阿里也开发了属于自己的浏览器,只要买家使用对应的浏览器,买家就会在浏览器的引导下,主动进入到 alibaba.com 的搜索页面。 </li></ol><h3 id="线下展会及地方报刊"><a href="#线下展会及地方报刊" class="headerlink" title="线下展会及地方报刊"></a>线下展会及地方报刊</h3><p>阿里巴巴每年都会定期参加全球各种大型的线下展会,让买家主动去了解阿里巴巴B2B平台,这些买家会直接通过输入alibaba.com进入搜索页面;其次阿里巴巴很会“来事”,作为舆论的宠儿,时常能轻易赢得媒体的亲睐,各大报刊和媒体就会变成阿里平台推荐的免费通道。就像2014年9月19日,阿里赴美IPO的时候,全球的报纸都在刊登阿里巴巴的故事,那一天整个平台的流量暴增,举个例子:平时我的P4P只要投放500元就够了,但是那一天却花费了2000元。 </p><h3 id="搜索引擎优化"><a href="#搜索引擎优化" class="headerlink" title="搜索引擎优化"></a>搜索引擎优化</h3><p>这些搜索引擎包括: Google、Yahoo,Bing,MSN,以及各种本地化的搜索引擎。在阿里的公司内部,有一个SEO技术团队,他们每天都会通过免费和付费的方式在这些搜索引擎里面优化alibaba.com这个平台的链接地址去引流,这些流量会直接进入到产品详细页面,或者旺铺页面,或者RFQ页面等,这些链接地址很多都是卖家发布的产品。 </p><h3 id="各种社交媒体的优化推广"><a href="#各种社交媒体的优化推广" class="headerlink" title="各种社交媒体的优化推广"></a>各种社交媒体的优化推广</h3><p>这些社交媒体包括Facebook、LinkedIN、Twitter、Block等社交媒体,阿里的技术团队会定期通过免费或者付费的方式去这些社交媒体里面引流。</p><h2 id="产品数据对P4P星级和竞价底价的影响"><a href="#产品数据对P4P星级和竞价底价的影响" class="headerlink" title="产品数据对P4P星级和竞价底价的影响"></a>产品数据对P4P星级和竞价底价的影响</h2><p>See <a href="http://waimaoquan.alibaba.com/bbs/read-htm-tid-2415889-fid-309.html" target="_blank" rel="external">2015阿里巴巴排名规则深度解读(六) -外贸名人堂- 阿里巴巴外贸圈外贸论坛</a></p><p>我认为P4P产品推广里面的关键词和产品的星级,取决于如下三点: </p><ol><li>正确的类目;</li><li>推广关键词与推广产品标题的匹配度;</li><li>推广产品本身的数据。</li></ol><h3 id="如何选择正确的类目"><a href="#如何选择正确的类目" class="headerlink" title="如何选择正确的类目"></a>如何选择正确的类目</h3><p>输入发布产品所需要的核心关键词,弹出对应的类目,依次点开对应的类目,并查看其属性。 </p><p><img src="../resources/images/309_1057775_b3c04093415c95d.png" alt=""></p><p>根据对产品属性的了解,依次查看对应的类目,选择与产品属性最匹配的类目发布产品。 </p><h3 id="推广关键词与推广产品标题的匹配度"><a href="#推广关键词与推广产品标题的匹配度" class="headerlink" title="推广关键词与推广产品标题的匹配度"></a>推广关键词与推广产品标题的匹配度</h3><figure class="image-bubble"> <div class="img-lightbox"> <div class="overlay"></div> <img src="../resources/images/309_1057775_0794ff7e1e6c785.png" alt="" title=""> </div> <div class="image-caption"></div> </figure><p> 所推广的关键词和产品的星级,最直接的因素就是目标推广关键词与推广产品标题的匹配度,如果不匹配,就是3星以下,如果是匹配,至少是三星级,如果这个产品之前有数据,那可能就会立刻变成5星级。 </p><p>总结: 标题是搜索引擎抓取的第一要素,必须要确保所推广的关键词与产品标题的匹配度。 </p><h3 id="被推广产品本身的数据"><a href="#被推广产品本身的数据" class="headerlink" title="被推广产品本身的数据"></a>被推广产品本身的数据</h3><p>在后台点击数据管家—点击我的产品—点击有效果产品—-点击按月统计—点击反馈,从高到低排序,如下图中红色框框所示所示,该产品的数据是所有产品里面最好的。</p><figure class="image-bubble"> <div class="img-lightbox"> <div class="overlay"></div> <img src="../resources/images/309_1057775_80468d50c7838eb.png" alt="" title=""> </div> <div class="image-caption"></div> </figure><p>如下图,选择词来源,并点击 More,会弹出红色框框中的关键词以及对应的曝光和点击,红色框框中的两个关键词为: 7 inch digital photo Frame 和 digital photo Frame,这两个词语所对应的数据都非常好!</p><figure class="image-bubble"> <div class="img-lightbox"> <div class="overlay"></div> <img src="../resources/images/309_1057775_b37412ae02fcb8f.png" alt="" title=""> </div> <div class="image-caption"></div> </figure><p>为了验证数据对该关键词竞价底价的影响,分别将两个词语 7 inch digital photo frame 和 digital photo frame, 拿到七年号和三年号的P4P后台里面搜索,如图3所示: 在下午18.09分的时刻,该关键词的竞价底价为3.7元,而且没有同级别的供应商与之竞价: </p><p><img src="../resources/images/309_1057775_78076664738e187.jpg" alt=""></p><p>总结: 数据高的产品,分别对应的关键词在P4P的出价过程中,竞价是很低的!</p><p>接着,在把同样的词语拿到3年号的P4P后台里面去搜索,如图4所示: 发现在18.02分的时候,同样的关键词,竞价底价却截然不同,而且同级别的同行有很多都在竞价: </p><p>接着,在把同样的词语拿到3年号的P4P后台里面去搜索,如图4所示: 发现在18.02分的时候,同样的关键词,竞价底价却截然不同,而且同级别的同行有很多都在竞价: </p><p><img src="../resources/images/309_1057775_b20277a79b33b96.png" alt=""></p><p>总结: 如果没有数据做支撑,同行与同行之间的竞价差异非常大,即投入产出截然不一样;</p><p>在把digital photo frame拿到7年号里面搜索,在下午18.12分的时候,该关键词在竞价中为底价,而且没有同级别的同行与之竞价,如图5所示 </p><p><img src="../resources/images/309_1057775_83705ed6539a49b.jpg" alt=""></p><p>总结: 数据高的产品,分别对应的关键词在P4P的出价过程中,竞价是很低的! </p><p>把同样的关键词拿到3年号中查看,在下午18.07分的时刻,该关键词的竞底价,如图5所示,有很多同级别的同行与之竞争,而且价格相当高: </p><p><img src="../resources/images/309_1057775_18918022ce892cf.png" alt=""></p><p>总结: 由以上5张剪切图的数据告诉我们,如果一个产品的数据很好(数据代表买家偏好),这个产品在参与P4P竞价时,这个产品标题中所包含的关键词(推广关键词)的竞价底价都很低,即: 阿里平台通过商业的手段,将优质的产品和供应商,通过最低的成本,让他们展示在首页,去引流并服务好潜在的买家! </p><p>为了更加清晰的阐述数据、星级和出价的关系,请看如下四张图: </p><p><img src="../resources/images/309_1057775_1be19944c20ac69.jpg" alt=""></p><figure class="image-bubble"> <div class="img-lightbox"> <div class="overlay"></div> <img src="../resources/images/309_1057775_3164f1b8984ae75.png" alt="" title=""> </div> <div class="image-caption"></div> </figure><p>该数据为七年号的P4P推广关键词的竞价及对应的推广产品,该推广关键词所指向的产品,均为5星级,优先推广的5星级产品所对应的关键词竞价为底价: </p><p><img src="../resources/images/309_1057775_26a93cc1e87a9b8.png" alt=""></p><figure class="image-bubble"> <div class="img-lightbox"> <div class="overlay"></div> <img src="../resources/images/309_1057775_ecb40e23dcde2ff.jpg" alt="" title=""> </div> <div class="image-caption"></div> </figure><p>该数据为三年号的P4P推广关键词的竞价及对应的推广产品,该推广关键词所指向的产品,均为5星级,优先推广的5星级产品所对应的关键词竞价第一名要37.9元,第5名要9.2元,竞价是7年号的2倍多; </p><p>总结: 在同一个账号或者不同的主账号中,即使关键词指向的产品均为5星级产品,它们各自的竞价底价仍然不一样,数据越好的5星级产品,竞价底价越低,反之亦然;也就说: 产品的数据才是决定产品竞价底价高低的关键词因素,因为数据代表着买家偏好; </p><p><img src="../resources/images/309_1057775_e2ae418a0254509.png" alt=""></p><h2 id="文本信息"><a href="#文本信息" class="headerlink" title="文本信息"></a>文本信息</h2><p>See <a href="http://waimaoquan.alibaba.com/bbs/read-htm-tid-2436468-fid-309.html" target="_blank" rel="external">2015年阿里巴巴排名规则解读(七) -外贸名人堂- 阿里巴巴外贸圈外贸论坛</a></p><p>什么是文本信息呢?不难理解,就是文字信息。在网络推广平台里面,文本信息一般体现在哪些板块呢?但凡SEO或者网络推广专员,文本信息体现在推广产品的产品名称、关键词、产品的详情描述等,在阿里后台中,文本信息还包括产品自定义属性和产品交易信息等。 </p><h3 id="核心属性"><a href="#核心属性" class="headerlink" title="核心属性"></a>核心属性</h3><p>今天就跟大家解析,在产品信息推广的过程当中,应该如何写出高质量的文本信息。要想做到高质量的文本信息,我们必须要深刻地理解产品信息在网络推广中,相当重要的两个核心属性: </p><ol><li><p>第一个核心属性是: 产品文本信息的丰富度,体验对象是人(买家),即产品文本信息的专业性、多样性和完整性,也就是说,当买家在浏览产品文本信息的时候,买家能通过信息获得买家想要的、有价值的信息,最好让能产生依赖; </p></li><li><p>第二个属性是: 产品文本信息的相关性,体验对象是代码(搜索引擎),即买家搜索用的关键词与产品文本信息的匹配度,这个匹配是靠算法说了算,匹配度越高,相关性就越好。相关性越好,搜索引擎算法给出的分值就越高,分值越高,排名就越好,简单一点说,就是文本信息的相关性越好,搜索引擎越易抓取该文本信息。 </p></li></ol><p>当明白产品信息的两个核心属性后,就不难理解: 产品信息的相关性,决定着搜索引擎是否优先抓取而排名靠前。产品排名靠前以后,产品信息的丰富度决定着买家是否给我们发送询盘,产品信息的相关性和丰富度前后的逻辑关系务必要清晰,否则,在实际的运营中就会走入误区。例如: 当我们在阿里巴巴搜索端口查找自己公司产品排名的时候,发现自己很认真的发布了产品的图片和信息,但排名就是上不去,而那些产品图片不好的,信息看上去不怎么样的产品,反而排名却排在我们产品的前面,这就是产品文本信息的相关性和丰富度导致的。 </p><p>我们产品发布的信息好,只能说客户的体验度好,但搜索引擎的体验不一定好,所以排名差,撇开数据因素和商业因素,相关度高的产品信息,搜索引擎就会优先排名,展现的结果就是排名好,说到这里,我只表达一点: 要想有询盘,必须掌握基本的店铺运营能力。用网络推广语言表达就是: 要想把产品文本信息的相关性和丰富度做好,就必须学会如何专业运营店铺。 </p><h3 id="标题"><a href="#标题" class="headerlink" title="标题"></a>标题</h3><p>明白了产品信息相关性和丰富度的重要性,现在就开始跟大家讲解,如何在产品名称、关键词、详细描述、自定义属性和交易信息等文本信息中,做到高质量的相关性和丰富度,为了大家能快速掌握知识点,我就以Iphone6为例给大家做讲解。 </p><p>为了更好的体现产品信息的丰富度,我们必须要很好的了解Iphone6这款产品,否则,很难做到产品信息的专业性、多样性和完整性。在了解Iphone6这个产品的时候,我们应该首先了解这个产品有哪些属性,属性就是这个产品的特征、特点和功能。Iphone6的属性有哪些呢?总结了一些常规的,差异性的,我们感兴趣的产品属性,有如下5个: </p><ol><li>Iphone6的屏幕尺寸—4.7inch &55.5inch, </li><li>Iphone6的外观颜色—-Black/White/Silver/Golden </li><li>Iphone6的存储容量—–16GB/64GB/128GB </li><li>Iphone6的网络制式—–Mobile/Unicom/Telecom </li><li>Iphone6的网络类型—–3G/4G</li></ol><p>当清楚目标产品的属性之后,我们就要从文本信息的相关性和丰富度着手去优化产品的标题。在优化之前,我们必须要清楚客户的习惯,如果我是一个买家,我在搜索我所需要的产品的时候,我使用的关键词会偏离产品的属性吗?答案:否,不然搜索的产品就是客户不需要的产品,既然是这样,那客户搜索的关键词一定是与产品的属性离不开的。 </p><p>经过我们大量的测试和检验,客户搜索的关键词一般都是属性词与产品核心名称之间的组合,不管怎么组合,都是跟核心产品名称和属性词语相关,更多的时候,只是属性词语在核心名称的前面或者后面而已,既然这样,我们可不可以优化这样的一个产品标题出来呢? </p><p>比如: </p><ul><li>Black 4.7 Inch 64GB Telecom 4G Iphone6 </li><li>Silver 5.5 Inch16GB Mobile 4G Iphone6 Plus </li><li>Golden 4.7 Inch16GB Mobile 3G Iphone6 </li><li>Golden 5.5 Inch128GB Unicom 4G Iphone6 Plus </li></ul><p>如果你是买家,你会使用什么词语搜索这个产品呢?64G Iphone6/Iphone 6 Plus、Golden Iphone6with 16G…我想,不管使用什么词语,客户搜索的词语都会在我的标题中体现,体现的越多,说明相关性越高,而且客户的体验度也相当高! </p><h3 id="关键词"><a href="#关键词" class="headerlink" title="关键词"></a>关键词</h3><p>标题优化好后,然后就是填写关键词,绝大多数人,把重心都放在关键词上面,结果事倍功半,甚至为零,为什么呢?难道关键词不重要? </p><p>核心原因之一是: 搜索引擎会优先把客户搜索的关键词与标题进行匹配,然后是关键词;其二: 在阿里的后台里面只能写三个关键词,且三个关键词不一定刚好是客户搜索的关键词。 </p><p>在今年4月份的时候,阿里后台又发生了变化,原来的版本,在写关键词的地方,有三个空格,现在变成只可写一个就可以了,说明什么问题?产品发布中的关键词作用在被弱化。如果关键词弱化,一定会在标题、详细描述…等文本信息方面加强,所以在实际操作中,我们应该如何把关键词写好? </p><p>我的经验是:产品发布中的关键词一定来自于标题中的属性词和核心词的组合,任何一种组合都可以,只是用来加强标题和其他文本信息的相关性,比如产品名称是: Black 4.7 Inch 64GB Telecom 4G Iphone6 (此处不考虑侵权因素), 那我的关键词可以写成 Black Iphone6或者64GB Iphone6 或者Telecom 4G Iphone6……等。 </p><h3 id="自定义属性"><a href="#自定义属性" class="headerlink" title="自定义属性"></a>自定义属性</h3><p>关键词写完了,就要讲到自定义属性,在第6个篇章中,我已经讲到,要想选择准确的类目,就必须通过产品自身的属性特征来判断,如果该类目下的产品属性与我们经营的产品是一致的,说明这个类目是我们要选择的正确类目,在类目选择正确的条件下,<strong>自定义属性在填写的时候,一定要与标题相关联,即标题中出现的属性词语,在自定义属性当中,也最好写一次,这样能很好保证产品文本信息的相关性和丰富度</strong>。 </p><p>交易信息板块中,能体现文本信息的,就只有两个位置:一个是交货期限,一个是常规包装。这两个地方,大家可以灵活的写一些内容来凸显出标题中的描述内容,要很自然的嵌入!</p><h3 id="详细描述"><a href="#详细描述" class="headerlink" title="详细描述"></a>详细描述</h3><p>最后一个板块是详细描述,详细描述是整个文本信息模块中最大的一个板块,而且文本信息的展现方式可以多样化,切记一点: 文本信息不可以做成图片直接插入到详细描述中,如果文本信息变成图片后,搜索引擎是匹配不到的,在填写详细描述的过程中,可以通过表格的方式,有重点的去凸显出产品标题中的属性词和核心名称,甚至是整个标题,在这里就不重点阐述,如果大家想看的更加具体一点,可以去浏览我的阿里网站(<a href="http://lcdworld.en.alibaba.com/)中的产品详细描述。" target="_blank" rel="external">http://lcdworld.en.alibaba.com/)中的产品详细描述。</a> </p><p>在整个新规则的变化中,变化最大的是买家搜索的关键词与标题中内容相关性的应用,变化之后,灵活性更大了,相对于之前,只要是匹配度,排名直接靠前,所以优化的空间很大。同时,搜索关键词与标题匹配总分数权重值下降了,优化的空间一下子很少了,而平台更看重的是买家偏好(产品对应的数据)和商业因素的应用,但信息的丰富度还是影响买家的反馈,所以,要想询盘多一些,还是要把每一个细节都做好! </p><p>Also see:</p><ul><li><a href="http://waimaoquan.alibaba.com/bbs/read-htm-tid-75123-1-fid-95.html" target="_blank" rel="external">02号数据达人陈雍-达人总决赛PPT&视频 -广东外贸人- 阿里巴巴外贸圈外贸论坛</a></li></ul><p>About 陈雍:</p><ul><li><a href="http://www.vcam.cc/" target="_blank" rel="external">digital signage solution</a></li><li>三年账号:<a href="http://videoinfolder.en.alibaba.com/" target="_blank" rel="external">Shenzhen Videoinfolder Technology Co., Ltd. - video greeting card,video brochure</a></li><li>七年账号:<a href="http://fanray-v.en.alibaba.com/" target="_blank" rel="external">Shenzhen Fanray Electronic Co., Ltd. - video card,video greeting card</a></li></ul>]]></content>
<summary type="html">
<h2 id="阿里巴巴排名"><a href="#阿里巴巴排名" class="headerlink" title="阿里巴巴排名"></a>阿里巴巴排名</h2><p>See <a href="http://waimaoquan.alibaba.com/bbs/read-ht
</summary>
<category term="Marketing" scheme="http://blog.inesoi.com/categories/Marketing/"/>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>外贸业务员工作流程</title>
<link href="http://blog.inesoi.com/fs-workflow.html"/>
<id>http://blog.inesoi.com/fs-workflow.html</id>
<published>2015-09-27T16:00:00.000Z</published>
<updated>2018-08-19T10:09:33.803Z</updated>
<content type="html"><![CDATA[<p>See <a href="http://www.liaosam.com/how-to-improve-efficiency.html" target="_blank" rel="external">外贸业务员怎样提高工作效率?-料网 - 料神Sam外贸老鸟之路</a></p><h2 id="查看汇率"><a href="#查看汇率" class="headerlink" title="查看汇率"></a>查看汇率</h2><p>一般以中行或央行为参考,一般还要看看国内的原材料的价格走向。</p><h2 id="查看客户跟踪情况表"><a href="#查看客户跟踪情况表" class="headerlink" title="查看客户跟踪情况表"></a>查看客户跟踪情况表</h2><p>一般是按照2-3个星期左右的时间,给他们逐个发一些问候的邮件,邮件的内容根据不同的对象选择不同的内容。</p><p>这么做的好处在于:</p><ol><li><p>和未成交客户保持联系,让他始终记得你。这点在客户准备换供应商的时候尤为重要,他会第一时间想到你。</p><p> 持续地联系给未成交客户一种感觉,你的服务很好并且有诚意跟他合作,那么当他的老供应商出问题的时候,他会给你机会!</p><p> 拿个找货代的事情为例。以前我们公司有固定货代的时候,我们一接到新的货代的自我推荐的电话,都是随便应付几句,恨不得早点挂电话。后来,公司的货代出现了问题,决定更换货代。正好过了两天,接到一个打过好几次电话的货代的来电,于是很高兴,约了时间谈谈。后来货代过来以后询问了一下价格和服务,之后很快就合作起来了。</p><p> 邮件的内容以简洁、轻描淡写为主,千万别写太长,没时间看!有些业务员,写开发信的时候已经写了一堆介绍公司优势如何如何的内容,那么跟进的时候根本不需要再写了!写多了客户会反感。大家虽然肤色不同,但人的心理还是有共性的。</p> <pre> Dear XXX, How are you ? I hope your everything is going well. I wonder whether you have any pending orders or inquiry recently ? If so, please contact me with no hesitate, we are sure any of your inquiry will get our prompt attention & reply. Thanks. Best regards, XXX </pre></li><li><p>和已经成交客户增进关系,展示服务。</p><p> 客户都喜欢有跟进意识的服务人员。</p><p> 设想一下,当你从商场里买了一个不知名品牌的电器,买回来用了一周后突然有个回访电话,问您使用中是否有任何问题或者不便,您的任何建议都会对今后提升产品的品质和服务起到至关重要的作用。你会不会感觉有种惊讶,或者说惊喜?不管产品品牌如何,产品体验如何,起码服务应该说是比较满意的。对这个品牌或者制造商内心也会打一些分。</p><p> 其实放到外贸中是一个道理,有些业务员认为出了货,收了尾款这一单就结束了。其实,实际情况告诉我,每一次的售后跟进都是客户决定返单的一个机会。这对加强客户对你的印象甚至信任,都会起到潜移默化的作用。这样随手就能发的邮件,为什么不做呢?</p><p> 邮件的内容简洁点、轻描淡写~</p> <pre> Dear XXX, Hope this email finds you well. Have you received the goods ? How do you think ? I hope you are satisfied with our quality. If any comments, please let me know. Thanks. Best regards, XXX </pre></li><li><p>提醒老客户是否考虑新的订单计划</p><p> 提醒老客户是否考虑新的订单计划老客户收到后一般会很快回复你的邮件,而且有些客户会告知你具体什么时候会有新的订单。</p></li></ol><h2 id="查看每日工作计划表"><a href="#查看每日工作计划表" class="headerlink" title="查看每日工作计划表"></a>查看每日工作计划表</h2><p>外贸业务是一项连续性的工作,比较辛苦,但贵在坚持。打个不恰当的比喻,就像农民种庄稼。松土、撒种、施肥、保温、杀虫等等每个环节都需要去做,等待收获收割的那一天。</p><p>根据事情的性质分为四类:</p><ul><li>重要不紧急</li><li>重要且紧急</li><li>紧急不重要</li><li>既不紧急也不重要。</li></ul><p>优先处理重要且紧急和重要不紧急两类。给工作分类:</p><p>重要不紧急的事情有:开发新客户,跟进未成交客户,研究目标市场,学习更多的产品知识,汲取更多业务经验,和客户建立信任,制定销售计划和工作目标,改进与供应商的关系,锻炼身体,好好吃一顿午饭,适当休息等(一切对你未来业绩提升有直接关系的事务)</p><p>重要且紧急:跟客户谈判,催客户尾款,给意向客户报价,给客户做PI,准备样品(维持你现有的业绩的事务),完成工作计划。</p><p>紧急不重要:其他部门要求你配合的工作,领导交待的非业务性工作。很多事情看似很“紧急”,实际上拖一拖,甚至不办,也无关大局。学会委托或分配这些事务交给助理、跟单甚至新业务员去做。</p><p>既不紧急也不重要:娱乐,上网,闲聊,消遣。</p><ul><li>每天固定花半个小时对一段时间未联系的客户say hello</li><li>每天花半个小时时间阅读一下yahoo国际站的英文新闻,对实事多了解一些,并且当做锻炼阅读能力。当有客户来拜访时,在路上,至少你可以多了很多当下热点的话题。</li><li>每天半小时至一小时用来回复老客户的邮件,简洁表达清楚即可。</li><li>把更多的精力用来考虑和研究怎样去跟进和回复潜在客户,力求建立起信任。</li><li>每天花半小时的时间来研究了解目标市场,对一个目标市场的了解起码做到市场销售价格、市场常见品牌、做这个品牌的供应商和其分销商有哪些、销售渠道有哪些、目标市场上行业内的标杆客户、主要规格类型、该国最大的几个supermarket、该国最主要的一两个B2B网站等等。</li></ul><p>出差— 不方便及时查看邮件</p><pre>Dear Mr/Ms,I will be out of office for a business trip during Jun 15th – Jun 25th 2012.With very limited access to email and voicemail, I cannot check or reply your email in time.If you have urgent matter to discuss with me, please call me at +86-xxx xxxx xxxx.If you have a question regarding inquiry of product or price, please contact XXX Durling at cdurling@xxxxxx.com or +86-xxx-XXXXXXX.If you have a question regarding documents of shipment, please contact Cindy Luo at cindy@xxxxxx.com or +86-xxx-XXXXXXX.Thank you and have a nice day!</pre><h2 id="设置邮件签名模板"><a href="#设置邮件签名模板" class="headerlink" title="设置邮件签名模板"></a>设置邮件签名模板</h2><p>出差— 不方便及时查看邮件</p><pre>Dear Mr/Ms,I will be out of office for a business trip during Jun 15th – Jun 25th 2012.With very limited access to email and voicemail, I cannot check or reply your email in time.If you have urgent matter to discuss with me, please call me at +86-xxx xxxx xxxx.If you have a question regarding inquiry of product or price, please contact XXX Durling at cdurling@xxxxxx.com or +86-xxx-XXXXXXX.If you have a question regarding documents of shipment, please contact Cindy Luo at cindy@xxxxxx.com or +86-xxx-XXXXXXX.Thank you and have a nice day!</pre><ul><li>出差 — 但会每天回宾馆查看</li><li>放假 — 不方便及时查看邮件</li><li>收到询价,由于XX原因,不能立即报价</li><li>出差,但方便及时查看邮件</li><li>放假,不方便及时查看邮件</li><li>收到询价,由于XX原因,不能立即报价</li><li>收到询价,会尽快报价</li><li>收到询价,产品种类少,邮件里报价</li><li>收到询价,产品种类多,附件中报价表</li><li>发送CATALOG</li><li>对某些询价的内容不清楚,询问客户</li><li>客户还价太多</li><li>同意客户的还价</li><li>婉拒客户目标价 – 新客户</li></ul><pre>Thanks for your email.We regret that it’s hard to meet your target price. It’s a quite low price and below our cost / make us have no margin profit.Please note that the material cost rising about 5% per tonThe exchange rate float from 6.34 to 6.20 during last two monthsWe would like to work with you and we believe we can be good partners each other, but we really need a health start of cooperation and keep that long-term.Hope to get your understanding and support.</pre><ul><li>同意客户目标价 – 新客户</li><li>婉拒客户目标价 – 老客户</li><li>客户已确认价格,需要寄送样品</li><li>找客户要快递账号</li><li>解释为什么找客户要快递账号</li><li>客户发来订单 – 感谢客户</li><li>和客户确认包装</li><li>订单预付款收到,会立即安排生产</li><li>订单预付款 — 仍未收到,要求客户发付款水单</li><li>订单预付款 — 到款,无法入账,请求客户银行修改收款人信息</li><li>交货期 — 延误 ( 原因1. 工厂太忙 )</li><li>交货期 — 延误 ( 原因2. 工厂/原材料厂停电)</li><li>交货期 — 延误 ( 原因3. 原料太紧俏,不好订 )</li><li>货好 — 通知客户,告知指定货代,安排订舱</li><li>订单尾款 — 催客户付尾款 — 船快到港</li><li>订单尾款 — 催客户付尾款 — 汇率原因</li><li>订单尾款 — 收到,表达谢意</li><li>向老客户推销新产品</li></ul><h2 id="客户资料整理"><a href="#客户资料整理" class="headerlink" title="客户资料整理"></a>客户资料整理</h2><p>根据不同市场建立5个根文件夹:北美 南美 中东 欧洲 亚洲。</p><p>然后在“北美”里面再建立一个公司名称的文件夹,如“AAA GROUP”,之后再根据订单的年期分为2008,2009,2010,2011,2012。</p><p>进入2012后,逐个建立“包装资料”、“客户PO”、“形式发票”、“采购合同”、“大货照片及验货情况”、“装船通知”、“报关单据”和“结汇单据”。</p><p>再建立两个TXT文本,一个是“到款记录”,一个是“快递单号记录”。这样虽然前期工作量比较大,不过大家可以复制操作,并且用熟了之后一切都一目了然。</p><h2 id="报价利润核算表"><a href="#报价利润核算表" class="headerlink" title="报价利润核算表"></a>报价利润核算表</h2><p>对于那些每天会受到N多个要求报价的业务员,如果每个报价单都一个个去做,精力再旺盛也吃不消。久而久之还会产生疲劳感,失去激情。</p><p>因此需要一个表格能高效、方便、快捷的报价利润核算来帮助我们简化报价前的工作。<br>最好填上采购价、退税率、汇率 等一些基本的数值,就能给出报价的参考意见的。</p><p>使用 Sam 的价利润核算表,可以使用公式来核算。你只需填上采购价、退税率、汇率、数量等,就会显示出不同利润率下的价格。价格都填写好后即可查看总体利润。更方便的是,你可以不断修改价格,调整不同的利润率,最终得到一个合理的总利润。你可以不断修改数量,最终使得总体积正好是你目标立方数。</p><p>另外,货物品种多拼一起走散货或整柜的情况下,我们经常要去掉或者加上一些数量的产品。到底哪个产品去掉或者加上好呢? 按照以往的经验,如果超过整柜的体积,就去掉一部分产量低的,手工做的慢的,难做的产品。如果数量不够整柜体积,那么就增加一些产量高,交货快的产品。 现在,你可以根据 利润/立方来考虑。即每立方利润额。这个数值高的,说明每多装一个立方此产品,可以获得较高利润。</p>]]></content>
<summary type="html">
<p>See <a href="http://www.liaosam.com/how-to-improve-efficiency.html" target="_blank" rel="external">外贸业务员怎样提高工作效率?-料网 - 料神Sam外贸老鸟之路</a></p
</summary>
<category term="Trade" scheme="http://blog.inesoi.com/categories/Trade/"/>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>SNS</title>
<link href="http://blog.inesoi.com/sns.html"/>
<id>http://blog.inesoi.com/sns.html</id>
<published>2015-09-11T16:00:00.000Z</published>
<updated>2018-08-19T10:09:33.803Z</updated>
<content type="html"><![CDATA[<h2 id="Tutorial"><a href="#Tutorial" class="headerlink" title="Tutorial"></a>Tutorial</h2><ul><li><a href="http://ask.imiker.com/question/5570" target="_blank" rel="external">视频干货大放送!深米O2O第六期顾小北《跨境电商SNS社交营销》总结 - 米课问答</a></li></ul><h2 id="Tool"><a href="#Tool" class="headerlink" title="Tool"></a>Tool</h2><ul><li><a href="http://ask.imiker.com/question/6970" target="_blank" rel="external">分享一个方法解决Facebook,Linkedin,Twitter,Google+等SNS平台太多更新不过来的问题。 - 米课问答</a></li></ul><h2 id="Tutorial-1"><a href="#Tutorial-1" class="headerlink" title="Tutorial"></a>Tutorial</h2><ul><li><a href="http://ask.imiker.com/question/5941" target="_blank" rel="external">Shopify+Pinterest营销,句句干货,步步实战,玩的就是直接和效果,任何疑惑,请留言,必当知无不言言无不尽(08-10更新!) - 米课问答</a></li></ul><h2 id="LinkedIn"><a href="#LinkedIn" class="headerlink" title="LinkedIn"></a>LinkedIn</h2><ul><li><a href="http://ask.imiker.com/question/5841" target="_blank" rel="external">免费LinkedIn账户如何高效利用LinkedIn群组开发海外市场(摸索了2年多,干货分享) - 米课问答</a></li><li><a href="http://www.crissshare.us/2014/01/20/1-11-alibaba-linkedin-share-1/" target="_blank" rel="external">1.11阿里巴巴杭州外贸微友会现场分享-极简LinekdIn攻略-上篇</a></li><li><a href="http://www.crissshare.us/category/%e5%a4%96%e8%b4%b8%e7%bd%91%e7%bb%9c%e8%90%a5%e9%94%80/linkedin-marketing/" target="_blank" rel="external">LinkedIn-领英使用分享</a></li></ul>]]></content>
<summary type="html">
<h2 id="Tutorial"><a href="#Tutorial" class="headerlink" title="Tutorial"></a>Tutorial</h2><ul>
<li><a href="http://ask.imiker.com/question/
</summary>
<category term="Marketing" scheme="http://blog.inesoi.com/categories/Marketing/"/>
<category term="seo" scheme="http://blog.inesoi.com/tags/seo/"/>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>Bag Customers</title>
<link href="http://blog.inesoi.com/bag-customers.html"/>
<id>http://blog.inesoi.com/bag-customers.html</id>
<published>2015-09-09T16:00:00.000Z</published>
<updated>2018-08-19T10:09:33.802Z</updated>
<content type="html"><![CDATA[<h2 id="参考网站"><a href="#参考网站" class="headerlink" title="参考网站"></a>参考网站</h2><ul><li><a href="http://fetonled.com/" target="_blank" rel="external">COB LED Inventor No.1 Ceramic COB LED Supplier</a></li><li><a href="http://feton-gmc.com/" target="_blank" rel="external">Feton Consulting - Sourcing Agent China</a></li></ul><h2 id="Brances"><a href="#Brances" class="headerlink" title="Brances"></a>Brances</h2><ul><li><a href="http://www.cesobags.com/brand.asp" target="_blank" rel="external">China Handbag Factory(Guangzhou Ceso Handbag Factory)</a></li></ul><h2 id="外链"><a href="#外链" class="headerlink" title="外链"></a>外链</h2><ul><li><a href="http://www.independent.co.uk/extras/indybest/food-drink/10-best-picnic-bags-and-baskets-9399035.html" target="_blank" rel="external">10 best picnic bags and baskets - Food & Drink - IndyBest - The Independent</a></li></ul><h2 id="Facebook"><a href="#Facebook" class="headerlink" title="Facebook"></a>Facebook</h2><ul><li><a href="https://www.facebook.com/Leather.Handbag.Manufacturer.China.VanessaBrig" target="_blank" rel="external">Genuine Leather Handbag Factory/Manufacture China - Vanessa Brig</a></li></ul><h2 id="FAQ"><a href="#FAQ" class="headerlink" title="FAQ"></a>FAQ</h2><ul><li><a href="http://www.instructables.com/id/How-to-Buy-from-the-Greatest-Store-The-World-Has-E/" target="_blank" rel="external">How to Buy from China</a></li><li><a href="http://www.nomadicmatt.com/travel-tips/choosing-the-right-backpack/" target="_blank" rel="external">How to Choose the Right Travel Backpack</a></li><li><a href="http://www.skipstonestaffing.com/157-baby-girl-diaper-bags-canada/" target="_blank" rel="external">Baby Girl Diaper Bags Canada - Diaper Bag : Bags Image Gallery #YW9QKJeyZB</a></li><li><a href="http://www.mommybynurture.com/2015/01/stunning-lace-floral-amber-tote-bumble-collection-diaper-bag-review.html" target="_blank" rel="external">How to Have Style and Function with Stunning Diaper Bags - Mommy by Nurture</a></li><li><a href="http://www.ask.com/home-garden/difference-between-pu-pvc-d24337f16e65e0f4" target="_blank" rel="external">What is the difference between PU and PVC?</a></li><li><a href="http://www.asos.com/women/size-guide/?szgtid=1&ctaref=Size+Guide" target="_blank" rel="external">Women’s size guide</a></li><li><a href="http://composite.about.com/od/Plastics/a/What-Is-Polypropylene.htm" target="_blank" rel="external">What Is Polypropylene and What Is It Used For?</a></li><li><a href="http://s7d2.scene7.com/is/content/Tumi/Documents/How_do_we_measure.pdf" target="_blank" rel="external">How do we measure</a></li><li><a href="http://www.rosewholesale.com/m-article-id-29.html" target="_blank" rel="external">Payment Methods - Rosewholesale.com</a></li></ul><h3 id="for-Content"><a href="#for-Content" class="headerlink" title="for Content"></a>for Content</h3><ul><li><a href="http://www.hunghee.com/" target="_blank" rel="external">China Bag Manufacturer, Evening Bags Factory, Clutch Evening Handbags Supplier, Evening Bags Clutches Manufacturer – HungHee.Com</a></li><li><a href="http://www.nomadicmatt.com/travel-blog/" target="_blank" rel="external">Travel Blog</a></li><li><a href="http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/handle/2027.42/83803/mbgrand_1303339715.pdf?sequence=1" target="_blank" rel="external">The Simple-Basic Backpack</a></li></ul><h2 id="Competitor"><a href="#Competitor" class="headerlink" title="Competitor"></a>Competitor</h2><ul><li><a href="http://www.chinasiliconebag.com/#" target="_blank" rel="external">silicone bag factory</a></li><li><a href="http://www.shenhuang.net/" target="_blank" rel="external">Bestshine Bags</a></li><li><a href="http://yabobags.com/" target="_blank" rel="external">Leading Backpack And Bags Manufacturer In China - Yabobags</a></li><li><a href="http://www.chinaimportal.com/" target="_blank" rel="external">http://www.chinaimportal.com/</a></li><li><a href="http://www.versapak-int.co.uk/index.php" target="_blank" rel="external">Versapak</a></li><li><a href="http://www.lotus-bag.com.tw/index.php?lang=en" target="_blank" rel="external">Lotus Bag - Specialized Bicycle Bags Manufacturer-Home</a></li><li><a href="http://www.lastusbag.com/index.html" target="_blank" rel="external">Last US Bag Company - Home</a></li><li><a href="http://www.lloydbag.com/" target="_blank" rel="external">Bag Supplier & Manufacturer Ontario, Canada – Lloyd Bag Company</a></li><li><a href="http://www.bearseusa.com/" target="_blank" rel="external">Contract Sewing for Custom Bags & Backpacks for Industrial and Military Use - Bearse USA</a></li><li><a href="https://www.everlane.com/factories/leather-bags" target="_blank" rel="external">The Leather Bag Factory – Everlane</a></li><li><a href="https://www.everlane.com/" target="_blank" rel="external">Modern Basics. Radical Transparency. – Everlane</a></li><li><a href="http://www.rosewholesale.com/" target="_blank" rel="external">Wholesale Clothing, Cheap Clothes Online, Discount Clothing Shop - Rosewholesale.com</a></li><li><a href="http://www.bagmanufacturer.com/index.html" target="_blank" rel="external">Bag Manufacturer - China Bag Factory - Yullex Manufacturing Co. China</a></li><li><a href="http://www.bag-factory.fr/" target="_blank" rel="external">Sac eastpak: Bag factory, vente valise delsey et samsonite, sac a dos eastpak et sac à main thierry mugler</a></li><li><a href="http://www.bagmanufacturer.com/aboutus.html" target="_blank" rel="external">About Us - Yullex Bag Manufacturer in China</a></li><li><a href="http://www.bagmanufacturer.com/aboutus.html" target="_blank" rel="external">About Us - Yullex Bag Manufacturer in China</a></li><li><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/20140723023601-273770696-samples-making-handbag-factory-custom-made-bags" target="_blank" rel="external">SAMPLES MAKING – HANDBAG FACTORY,CUSTOM MADE BAGS</a></li></ul><h2 id="Linkedin"><a href="#Linkedin" class="headerlink" title="Linkedin"></a>Linkedin</h2><ul><li><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/pub/bag-leather-products-manufacture-china/77/828/148?trk=pulse-det-athr_prof-art_hdr" target="_blank" rel="external">Bag&Leather products Manufacture (China)</a></li></ul><h2 id="Customers"><a href="#Customers" class="headerlink" title="Customers"></a>Customers</h2><ul><li><a href="http://www.sanait-bag.com/" target="_blank" rel="external">Chinese professional bags manufacturer,China good quality bag factory-Sanait Bag Co.,Ltd</a></li><li><a href="http://www.gzdreamway.net/" target="_blank" rel="external">Bag factory in china,leather bag,bag supplier,handbag manufacturer</a></li><li><a href="http://hockbag.com/index.html" target="_blank" rel="external">HOCK Bag: The Best Bag Manufacturing Company in China</a></li><li><a href="http://www.landsend.com/" target="_blank" rel="external">Lands’ End</a></li><li><a href="http://ogio.com/" target="_blank" rel="external">OGIO : Golf, Backpacks, Travel Luggage</a></li><li><a href="http://www.511tactical.com/bags-packs.html" target="_blank" rel="external">Shop Tactical Bags - Duffel, Range Bags & Packs</a></li><li><a href="http://www.timbuk2.com/customizer" target="_blank" rel="external">Custom Bags & Messenger Bags - Design Your Own Backpack</a></li><li><a href="http://gregorypacks.com/" target="_blank" rel="external">Gregory Mountain Products</a></li><li><a href="http://www.vaude.com/de-DE/Produkte/Rucksaecke/#" target="_blank" rel="external">VAUDE</a></li><li><a href="http://www.badlandspacks.com/gear/packs" target="_blank" rel="external">Badlands Hunting Packs</a></li><li><a href="http://www.betseyjohnson.com/home.jsp" target="_blank" rel="external">Shop Betsey Johnson Dresses, Shoes, Handbags, Accesories & more!</a></li><li><a href="http://shop.herschelsupply.com/collections/backpacks" target="_blank" rel="external">Backpacks</a></li><li><a href="http://www.hippieshop.com/cgi-bin/gold/category.cgi?category=7000" target="_blank" rel="external">Hippie Bags at discount prices from HippieShop.com</a></li><li><a href="https://www.incase.com/" target="_blank" rel="external">Best Laptop Backpacks</a></li><li><a href="http://www.rei.com/" target="_blank" rel="external">REI – Top-Brand Clothing, Gear, Footwear and Expert Advice for All Your Outdoor Adventures - REI.com</a></li><li><a href="http://www.karrimor.com/" target="_blank" rel="external">Karrimor</a></li><li><a href="http://www.ems.com/" target="_blank" rel="external">Eastern Mountain Sports</a></li><li><a href="http://www.mammut.ch/store/INT/en" target="_blank" rel="external">Mammut</a></li><li><a href="http://www.victorinox.com/global/en" target="_blank" rel="external">Victorinox International</a></li><li><a href="http://www.condoroutdoor.com/" target="_blank" rel="external">Condor Outdoor Products - Elite Tactical Gear for Military and Law Enforcement</a></li><li><a href="http://www.condoroutdoor.com/" target="_blank" rel="external">Condor Outdoor Products - Elite Tactical Gear for Military and Law Enforcement</a></li><li><a href="http://www.over-board.co.uk/" target="_blank" rel="external">Waterproof Bag – Waterproof Case – Waterproof Bags – Dry Bag</a></li><li><a href="http://hedgren.com/" target="_blank" rel="external">Home - Hedgren</a></li><li><a href="http://www.footlocker.com/" target="_blank" rel="external">Sneakers - Athletic Shoes</a></li><li><a href="https://www.kelty.com/" target="_blank" rel="external">Kelty</a></li><li><a href="http://www.ospreypacks.com/" target="_blank" rel="external">Osprey Packs, Inc :2015: Official Site</a></li><li><a href="http://www.vans.com" target="_blank" rel="external">http://www.vans.com</a></li><li><a href="http://targus.com/us/backpacks" target="_blank" rel="external">Backpacks</a></li><li><a href="https://www.caselogic.com/en-us/us/products/laptop/backpacks/prevailer-backpack-_-prev_-_117_-_black" target="_blank" rel="external">Prevailer Backpack - Case Logic</a></li><li><a href="http://targus.com/" target="_blank" rel="external">http://targus.com/</a></li><li><a href="http://www.currys.co.uk/" target="_blank" rel="external">http://www.currys.co.uk/</a></li><li><a href="http://www.saddlebackleather.com/" target="_blank" rel="external">Saddleback Leather Co. : Leather Bags, Briefcases & Luggage for Men & Women</a></li><li><a href="http://mattandnat.com/shop/handbags/briefcases" target="_blank" rel="external">Shop Vegan Briefcases</a></li><li><a href="http://www.dakine.com/p/backpacks-and-gear/lifestyle-bags/backpacks/trek-26l-16w" target="_blank" rel="external">Dakine Backpacks and Gear : Trek 26L 16w</a></li></ul><h3 id="Diaper-Bags"><a href="#Diaper-Bags" class="headerlink" title="Diaper Bags"></a>Diaper Bags</h3><ul><li><a href="https://www.skiphop.com/product/studioselectdiaperbag.html" target="_blank" rel="external">Skip Hop Studio Select Diaper Satchel</a></li><li><a href="http://jjcolecollections.com/" target="_blank" rel="external">JJ Cole Collections</a></li><li><a href="https://www.etsy.com/c/vintage/bags-and-purses/luggage-and-travel/duffel-bags?ref=catnav" target="_blank" rel="external">Vintage Duffel Bags – Etsy</a></li><li><a href="http://www.buybuybaby.com/store/category/gear-travel/diaper-bags/messenger-crossbody-bags/32037/" target="_blank" rel="external">Shop Messenger Bag, Messenger Diaper Bag - buybuyBaby.com</a></li><li><a href="http://www.rosewholesale.com/cheap-online/bags-c3/" target="_blank" rel="external">Bags For Women, Buy Cool And Fashion Cheap Bags Wholesale Online</a></li><li><a href="https://www.incase.com/" target="_blank" rel="external">Best Laptop Backpacks</a></li></ul><h3 id="Backpacks"><a href="#Backpacks" class="headerlink" title="Backpacks"></a>Backpacks</h3><ul><li><a href="http://ogio.com/" target="_blank" rel="external">OGIO : Golf, Backpacks, Travel Luggage</a></li><li><a href="http://www.ospreypacks.com/" target="_blank" rel="external">Osprey Packs, Inc :2015: Official Site</a></li><li><a href="http://www.the-house.com/snowboard-packs.html" target="_blank" rel="external">On Sale Snowboard Backpacks - Packs - The-House.com</a></li></ul><h3 id="Business-Bags"><a href="#Business-Bags" class="headerlink" title="Business Bags"></a>Business Bags</h3><ul><li><a href="http://www.knomobags.com/usa/bags/" target="_blank" rel="external">Bags</a></li></ul><h3 id="Handbags"><a href="#Handbags" class="headerlink" title="Handbags"></a>Handbags</h3><ul><li><a href="https://www.skiphop.com/product/studioselectdiaperbag.html" target="_blank" rel="external">Skip Hop Studio Select Diaper Satchel</a></li></ul>]]></content>
<summary type="html">
<h2 id="参考网站"><a href="#参考网站" class="headerlink" title="参考网站"></a>参考网站</h2><ul>
<li><a href="http://fetonled.com/" target="_blank" rel="exte
</summary>
<category term="Bag" scheme="http://blog.inesoi.com/categories/Bag/"/>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>Google SEO Tools</title>
<link href="http://blog.inesoi.com/seo-tools.html"/>
<id>http://blog.inesoi.com/seo-tools.html</id>
<published>2015-08-23T16:00:00.000Z</published>
<updated>2018-08-19T10:09:33.802Z</updated>
<content type="html"><![CDATA[<ul><li>WireFrame 网站架构图。<a href="https://gomockingbird.com/" target="_blank" rel="external">https://gomockingbird.com/</a></li><li><a href="http://ask.imiker.com/question/224" target="_blank" rel="external">资源召集帖:米课tool系列之外的好工具 - 米课问答</a></li></ul><h2 id="Google-站长工具"><a href="#Google-站长工具" class="headerlink" title="Google 站长工具"></a>Google 站长工具</h2><p>MR HUA 认为谷歌站长工具只是提供一些参考数据,要辅助其他的工具才能做更深入的分析。</p><h2 id="Google-Sandbox-沙盒"><a href="#Google-Sandbox-沙盒" class="headerlink" title="Google Sandbox(沙盒)"></a>Google Sandbox(沙盒)</h2><p>对于新的网站,上线后会进入沙盒期,可以理解为 Google 对网站的审核期。验证方式为增加网站的 Title,但还是没有排名。</p><p>为了加快审核,可以尝试如下方法:</p><ul><li>保持有节奏的内容更新。</li><li>使用比较流行的 CMS,如 WordPress。不要经常变更主题,可以延长审核期,甚至降低排名。</li><li>不要轻易改变网站的链接。</li><li>不要轻易变更网站的 Title。</li><li>增加健康的链接,如 SNS 上的链接。</li></ul><h2 id="LOGO"><a href="#LOGO" class="headerlink" title="LOGO"></a>LOGO</h2><ul><li><a href="http://www.logogenie.net" target="_blank" rel="external">http://www.logogenie.net</a></li><li><a href="http://designmantic.com" target="_blank" rel="external">http://designmantic.com</a></li><li><a href="http://www.graphicsprings.com" target="_blank" rel="external">http://www.graphicsprings.com</a></li></ul><h2 id="Mozbar-Authority"><a href="#Mozbar-Authority" class="headerlink" title="Mozbar(Authority)"></a>Mozbar(Authority)</h2><ul><li>PA(Page Authority):代表页面权重。</li><li>mR: link 的质量。</li><li>DA(Domain Authoriry): 域名的权重。</li></ul><h3 id="PR-vs-Authority"><a href="#PR-vs-Authority" class="headerlink" title="PR vs. Authority"></a>PR vs. Authority</h3><ul><li>PR</li><li>PA 页面权重。</li><li>DA 越强,对关键词排名越有利。 DA 代表整个网站的权重。</li></ul><h2 id="外链分析"><a href="#外链分析" class="headerlink" title="外链分析"></a>外链分析</h2><p>通过以下工具来分析某个网站的外部链接。在必要的时候可以跟这些外部链接的网站或者国外的 SEOER 合作,合理做外部链接。</p><ul><li><a href="http://www.opensiteexplorer.org" target="_blank" rel="external">http://www.opensiteexplorer.org</a></li><li><a href="http://ahref.com" target="_blank" rel="external">http://ahref.com</a></li></ul><h3 id="外链成长策略分析"><a href="#外链成长策略分析" class="headerlink" title="外链成长策略分析"></a>外链成长策略分析</h3><p>通过 <a href="http://majesticseo.com" target="_blank" rel="external">http://majesticseo.com</a> 中的 Backlink History 查看链接的增长,也可以查看和竞争对手对比数据。</p><h3 id="社交策略分析"><a href="#社交策略分析" class="headerlink" title="社交策略分析"></a>社交策略分析</h3><p>可以试图找到以下几个问题的答案:</p><ul><li>Do they have social platforms such as Twitter, Facebook, and Google+ linked to from their website?</li><li>Are they actively speaking to their users on these platforms? What are they saying? How are they handling negative facebook?</li><li>What content do they promote on their platforms? Is it their own or other websites as well?</li><li>Is their content beging shared socially?</li></ul><h3 id="Content-Strategy"><a href="#Content-Strategy" class="headerlink" title="Content Strategy"></a>Content Strategy</h3><p>可以试图回答以下问题:</p><ol><li>Does the site have user-generated content, such as product reviews?</li><li>Does the site have a blog? If so, what type of content is on the blog?</li><li>Does it have an active community engaging with the blog? On average, how many social shares of comments does the blog generate and what type of content was the most popular?</li><li>What type of content/resource does the site have on the page?</li><li>White Paper, FAQ, News, Guides, Infographics, BBS, Video。</li></ol><h3 id="Disavow-links"><a href="#Disavow-links" class="headerlink" title="Disavow links"></a>Disavow links</h3><p>通过 Google 的 Disavow Tools 工具可以拒绝外链。指向网站的的外链可以通过 Google Master Tool/搜索流量/指向您网站的链接 中查看。</p><h2 id="流量分析"><a href="#流量分析" class="headerlink" title="流量分析"></a>流量分析</h2><ul><li><a href="http://www.alexa.com/" target="_blank" rel="external">Alexa - Actionable Analytics for the Web</a></li></ul><h2 id="自由职业者"><a href="#自由职业者" class="headerlink" title="自由职业者"></a>自由职业者</h2><ul><li><a href="http://elance.com" target="_blank" rel="external">http://elance.com</a></li><li><a href="http://odesk.com" target="_blank" rel="external">http://odesk.com</a></li></ul><h2 id="Form"><a href="#Form" class="headerlink" title="Form"></a>Form</h2><ul><li><a href="http://ask.imiker.com/question/3978" target="_blank" rel="external">换掉你的Wufoo! - 米课问答</a></li></ul><h2 id="Mail"><a href="#Mail" class="headerlink" title="Mail"></a>Mail</h2><ul><li><a href="http://www.mailtester.com/testmail.php" target="_blank" rel="external">MailTester.com</a></li></ul>]]></content>
<summary type="html">
<ul>
<li>WireFrame 网站架构图。<a href="https://gomockingbird.com/" target="_blank" rel="external">https://gomockingbird.com/</a></li>
<li><a href
</summary>
<category term="Marketing" scheme="http://blog.inesoi.com/categories/Marketing/"/>
<category term="google" scheme="http://blog.inesoi.com/tags/google/"/>
<category term="seo" scheme="http://blog.inesoi.com/tags/seo/"/>
<category term="tool" scheme="http://blog.inesoi.com/tags/tool/"/>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>Google SEO Keywords</title>
<link href="http://blog.inesoi.com/seo-keywords.html"/>
<id>http://blog.inesoi.com/seo-keywords.html</id>
<published>2015-08-22T16:00:00.000Z</published>
<updated>2018-08-19T10:09:33.802Z</updated>
<content type="html"><![CDATA[<h2 id="Keywords-Research"><a href="#Keywords-Research" class="headerlink" title="Keywords Research"></a>Keywords Research</h2><p>通过对关键字的调研,我们可以:</p><p>优化关键词,找出给我们带来最大流量,最大转化的关键词。</p><ul><li>Content Ideas。通过 GA、Google Planner、Tool 搜集关键词,并进行分类,可能产生一些内容。</li><li>Link Building。可以通过关键词优化 Anchor Text + Content Page。</li><li>Structure。可以根据关键词优化网站的导航结构,如把 Toys 分类为 5-7 Toys, 2-3 Toys。</li><li>On Page SEO。根据关键词分析,优化页面的 Title、Description、Detail 等。</li><li>Summary。扩充品类的分裂。</li></ul><h2 id="3-Demension-Keywords-Reserch"><a href="#3-Demension-Keywords-Reserch" class="headerlink" title="3-Demension Keywords Reserch"></a>3-Demension Keywords Reserch</h2><ul><li>Google Trends。时间维度。判断关键词的时间维度。判断关键词在某个时间段内关键词的搜索趋势。</li><li>Google Planner。Peaple Volumn,用户搜索量。</li><li>Index <competition>。Google 收入的页面量,以及竞争对手的分析,如 DA 和 PA 的值。</competition></li></ul><p>根据这几个维度:</p><ul><li>如果 Trends⬆,搜索量⬆,Indexed⬇️,则可以通过长尾关键字做页面带来自然流量。</li><li>如果 Trends⬆,搜索量⬇️,Indexed➡️⬇️,可以使用 Adwords,同事也可以根据情况做 SEO。</li><li>如果 Trends⬆➡️⬇,搜索量⬆,Indexed⬆(>5kw),说明这个词非常有商业价值,SEO 可能比较难。</li></ul><h2 id="Types-of-Keywords"><a href="#Types-of-Keywords" class="headerlink" title="Types of Keywords"></a>Types of Keywords</h2><ul><li>Informational 信息类关键词。如 南京地铁怎么走?</li><li>Trasactional 交易类信息,如 Cheap toys。</li><li>Branded 品牌类关键词。如米课。</li></ul><p>80% 以上的关键词是长尾关键词,通过对新词的分析,可以发现新的商机,带来新的流量和不错的转换。</p><h2 id="Tools"><a href="#Tools" class="headerlink" title="Tools"></a>Tools</h2><h3 id="关键字规划师"><a href="#关键字规划师" class="headerlink" title="关键字规划师"></a>关键字规划师</h3><h3 id="Google-Trends-谷歌趋势"><a href="#Google-Trends-谷歌趋势" class="headerlink" title="Google Trends(谷歌趋势)"></a>Google Trends(谷歌趋势)</h3><p>如果 Google Trends 的走势是波形图,那么可以在波谷的时候准备,在趋势网上走的时候加大广告投入,和别人竞争。</p><h3 id="关键词工具"><a href="#关键词工具" class="headerlink" title="关键词工具"></a>关键词工具</h3><ul><li><a href="https://toolsv6.seotoolset.com" target="_blank" rel="external">https://toolsv6.seotoolset.com</a></li><li><a href="http://www.keywordspy.com/" target="_blank" rel="external">http://www.keywordspy.com/</a></li></ul><h3 id="长尾关键词工具"><a href="#长尾关键词工具" class="headerlink" title="长尾关键词工具"></a>长尾关键词工具</h3><p><a href="http://ubersuggest.org" target="_blank" rel="external">http://ubersuggest.org</a></p><h3 id="链接分析工具"><a href="#链接分析工具" class="headerlink" title="链接分析工具"></a>链接分析工具</h3><ul><li>Chrome 插件 Open SEO Stats</li><li><a href="https://zh.majestic.com/" target="_blank" rel="external">Majestic®:营销搜索引擎和 SEO 反向链接检查器</a></li><li>Screaming Frog SEO Spider 检查 SEO 工具。</li></ul><h2 id="关键词案例"><a href="#关键词案例" class="headerlink" title="关键词案例"></a>关键词案例</h2><h3 id="Six-Question-to-ask-for-your-ideas"><a href="#Six-Question-to-ask-for-your-ideas" class="headerlink" title="Six Question to ask for your ideas"></a>Six Question to ask for your ideas</h3><p>挖掘关键词之前,可以回答以下六个问题:</p><ol><li><p>What is core business of your websites? 核心商业。以 Mocha.co.nz 为例。</p><p> Provides quiality kids furniture, stylish, trendy mocha furniture, with expanding business in home decor products.</p></li><li><p>How does your business make money?</p><p> Sell mocha brand product line such as baby feeding products, ourdoor and indoor kids stuff and balance bike.</p></li><li><p>What products/service you offer?</p><p> We offer baby highchairs, baby change table, baby cot kids bed, kids furniture, been bags, block trolley, ride on toys, scooter, balance bike and we also offer trendy home furnitures for adult.</p></li><li><p>describe your ideal customer or target market</p><p> mostly hoursewife, young couple, and peaple who like trendy furniture to decor their house.</p></li><li><p>what is your product application?</p><p> most peaple buy our products for their newborn baby and kids, some buy for their house decor and few buy for gifts to their friends and family.</p></li></ol><h3 id="关键词列表"><a href="#关键词列表" class="headerlink" title="关键词列表"></a>关键词列表</h3><p>根据以上六个问题,可以组件以下关键词:</p><p>根据第一个问题:</p><ul><li>quality kid furniture</li><li>trendy kid furniture</li><li>stylish kid furniture</li><li>home decor products</li></ul><p>第二个问题:</p><ul><li>mocha kids furniture</li><li>baby feeding product</li><li>outdoor kids product</li><li>indoor kids product</li><li>balance bike</li></ul><p>第三个问题:</p><ul><li>highchair</li><li>baby change table</li><li>baby cot</li><li>kids bed</li><li>kids furniture</li><li>bean bags</li><li>block trolley</li><li>ride on toys</li><li>kids scooter</li><li>adult furniture</li><li>home furniture</li></ul><p>第四个问题:</p><ul><li>gifts for young peaple</li><li>gifts for housewife</li><li>gists for newborn baby</li><li>gifts for newborn kids</li><li>gits for home decor</li></ul><p>…</p><h3 id="产品类目"><a href="#产品类目" class="headerlink" title="产品类目"></a>产品类目</h3><ul><li>kids furniture</li><li>indoor furniture</li><li>outdoor furniture</li><li>baby products</li><li>gitfs</li><li>home decor</li></ul><p>将相应的关键词分配产品类目下。</p><h3 id="利用-GA-扩大关键词列表"><a href="#利用-GA-扩大关键词列表" class="headerlink" title="利用 GA 扩大关键词列表"></a>利用 GA 扩大关键词列表</h3><p>使用 Google Adwords 扩充关键词。如在 GA 中搜索 baby feeding, high chair, baby change table, baby bot 可以得到一系列的关键词。</p><h3 id="利用关键词构思广告"><a href="#利用关键词构思广告" class="headerlink" title="利用关键词构思广告"></a>利用关键词构思广告</h3><p>Ads Ideas:</p><p>Why buy in Kids furniture Store?</p><ul><li>Save your time, buy Online from Mocha</li><li>Starts from $99 </li><li>Free delivery in NZ</li></ul><p>Blog Ideas:</p><ul><li>H1: 10 must buy furniture when design your kid room.</li><li>H2: Your kids will thank you and always remember.</li></ul><p>Promotion:</p><ul><li>50% off on all kids furniture, Last Day!</li><li>Prepare to pay MUST more if you miss this sale!</li></ul><p>Product Ideas:</p><ul><li>Get this product line</li></ul><p>Landing Page Ideas:</p>]]></content>
<summary type="html">
<h2 id="Keywords-Research"><a href="#Keywords-Research" class="headerlink" title="Keywords Research"></a>Keywords Research</h2><p>通过对关键字的调研,
</summary>
<category term="Marketing" scheme="http://blog.inesoi.com/categories/Marketing/"/>
<category term="google" scheme="http://blog.inesoi.com/tags/google/"/>
<category term="seo" scheme="http://blog.inesoi.com/tags/seo/"/>