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  <title>Inesoi Bag Factory</title>
  
  
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  <link href="http://blog.inesoi.com/"/>
  <updated>2018-08-31T16:34:25.213Z</updated>
  <id>http://blog.inesoi.com/</id>
  
  <author>
    <name>Inesoi Bag Factory</name>
    
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  <entry>
    <title>Amazon 操作技巧</title>
    <link href="http://blog.inesoi.com/2018-8-25-amazon-seller-selling.html"/>
    <id>http://blog.inesoi.com/2018-8-25-amazon-seller-selling.html</id>
    <published>2018-08-31T16:34:25.213Z</published>
    <updated>2018-08-31T16:34:25.213Z</updated>
    
    <content type="html"><![CDATA[<ul><li><a href="http://blog.bqool.cn/report-piggyback-listings/" target="_blank" rel="external">向亚马逊跟卖投诉 Report a violation 2018 最安全有效的招式与客服联系技巧－BQool 博客</a></li></ul>]]></content>
    
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&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://blog.bqool.cn/report-piggyback-listings/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; rel=&quot;external&quot;&gt;向亚马逊跟卖投诉 Report a violation 2018 最安全有效的招式与
      
    
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      <category term="Amazon" scheme="http://blog.inesoi.com/categories/Amazon/"/>
    
    
      <category term="amazon" scheme="http://blog.inesoi.com/tags/amazon/"/>
    
  </entry>
  
  <entry>
    <title>How to Ship Products When Import from China - Complete Guide</title>
    <link href="http://blog.inesoi.com/how-to-ship-products-when-import-from-china.html"/>
    <id>http://blog.inesoi.com/how-to-ship-products-when-import-from-china.html</id>
    <published>2018-08-31T16:00:00.000Z</published>
    <updated>2018-08-29T16:23:00.490Z</updated>
    
    <content type="html"><![CDATA[<p>Being a sourcing agent who helps source products from China, we usually ship our large customers’ cargoes <strong>by full containers</strong>. For many other small customers who are satisfied with the price we quote, as they do not have much experience in importing from China, they always get confused about different shipping methods.</p><p>Some of them consider to ship by express in the beginning, but the cost is much higher than they expect even with small quantity. Some just want to ship 2CBM cargo by sea freight because it is the cheapest way, but only find the whole import &amp; export process is complicated and expensive in the end.</p><p>If you are <strong>doing small business</strong> and usually import much less than 20GP container load products one time, or you just start your business in importing from China, this article can give you some useful suggestions about shipping, by analyzing different kinds of situation you may run into.</p><h2 id="1-International-Express-Fast-and-Most-Convenient-Way"><a href="#1-International-Express-Fast-and-Most-Convenient-Way" class="headerlink" title="1. International Express -Fast and Most Convenient Way"></a>1. International Express -Fast and Most Convenient Way</h2><p>For shipping <strong>less than 200Kg</strong> common products, there’s almost <strong>no better choice</strong> than sending by international express. If you can’t afford the express fee, maybe you can buy more products and ship together by sea freight, or you have to give up and buy from local suppliers.  </p><p>International express (FedEx, DHL, UPS, etc.) is suitable for <strong>high-value products</strong> or products which need to be delivered to certain place very soon, such as fashion products including jewelry, clothing, or electronics.</p><p>There is one important thing you should keep in mind when using international express: they calculate the bulky cargo by <strong>dimension weight</strong> (length<em>width</em>height/5000). If you ship 200 mugs to Canada by DHL, the weight is 200g/mug, but the dimension weight is 300g/mug, then DHL will charge by 300g/mug. So that means products with big space will cost a lot express fee.<figure class="image-bubble">                <div class="img-lightbox">                    <div class="overlay"></div>                    <img src="../resources/images/FedEx_Boeing_777-F28_Zhao-300x208.jpg" alt="international express-FedEx" title="">                </div>                <div class="image-caption">international express-FedEx</div>            </figure></p><p>However, large purchasers sometimes prefer international express than air freight because it usually have <strong>cargo promotion price</strong> which is much cheaper if you have large cargo that is over 1,000 Kg. The price is not much difference from air freight, but is more convenient than the latter.</p><p><em>For instance, Chinese Amazon suppliers often use FedEx when they have FBA (Fulfillment by Amazon) goods, 1,000 Kg goods only takes around $2.8/Kg to US. And can arrive in 5-6 days.</em></p><h2 id="2-China-Post-Mail-Package-Most-Economical-Way-for-20-200Kg-Cargo"><a href="#2-China-Post-Mail-Package-Most-Economical-Way-for-20-200Kg-Cargo" class="headerlink" title="2.China Post Mail Package -Most Economical Way for 20-200Kg Cargo"></a>2.China Post Mail Package -Most Economical Way for 20-200Kg Cargo</h2><p>When your cargo is <strong>20-200Kg</strong>, <strong><a href="http://english.chinapost.com.cn/" target="_blank" rel="external">China Post Mail</a></strong> by sea will be another choice, which is around 1/3 price of international express, especially for remote regions like Africa countries where other express companies charge high freight.</p><p>Another good thing is that it calculates all goods <strong>only by weight</strong>, never by dimension weight, which means good for light weight products.</p><p>But it has 20Kg limitation for each package, so you have to separate your cargo into several cartons. And it normally take around 2 month on shipping, so only when you really care about shipping rate, you will choose it.</p><p><em>Example, an Australian customers buy kids toys from us every 2 month. Every shipment will be 5-6 cartons, around 100 Kg, 0.5 CBM. This volume is too less for sea freight shipping (the LCL), and if shipped by express, the freight cost will be calculated by dimension weight which is 2-3 times higher than by China Post.</em> </p><h2 id="3-Air-Freight-Fast-and-Suitable-for-More-than-500Kg-Cargo"><a href="#3-Air-Freight-Fast-and-Suitable-for-More-than-500Kg-Cargo" class="headerlink" title="3.Air Freight -Fast and Suitable for More than 500Kg Cargo"></a>3.Air Freight -Fast and Suitable for More than 500Kg Cargo</h2><p>Air freight is cheaper but faster than express. But your cargo should better be <strong>more than 500Kg</strong>, or international express will be better. And their dimensional weight is calculated as length<em>width</em>height/6000, less than international express.</p><p>This shipping way is <strong>airport to airport</strong>, which means supplier have to send the cargo to the airport and manage the custom export process. When cargo arrives the airport of your place, you have to pick up them at airport and do the custom import process. If the closet international airport is quite far away from your place, then the domestic forwarding cost will be also a lot of money.</p><h2 id="Note-Hazardous-Articles-of-Air-Transportation"><a href="#Note-Hazardous-Articles-of-Air-Transportation" class="headerlink" title="Note: Hazardous Articles of Air Transportation"></a>Note: Hazardous Articles of Air Transportation</h2><p>All airlines have strict rules about shipping hazardous articles cargo, including products which are easy to burn or explode, or chemical products which are toxic. Balancing scooter is one among them because of lithium battery. (<a href="https://jingsourcing.com/importing-balancing-scooter-china-problems-know/" target="_blank" rel="external"><strong>Importing Balancing Scooter from China: Problems You Should Know</strong></a>) So it’s <strong>not possible</strong> to ship this cargo via international express, air freight, or China Post Air Package. The only choice is sea shipping.</p><h2 id="4-Less-than-Container-Load-Sea-Shipping-LCL）"><a href="#4-Less-than-Container-Load-Sea-Shipping-LCL）" class="headerlink" title="4.Less than Container Load Sea Shipping(LCL）"></a>4.Less than Container Load Sea Shipping(LCL）</h2><p>LCL sea shipping is the most economical way among all shipping methods, when your cargo is <strong>more than 2-3CBM</strong>. If even less than that, we would recommend you to choose China Post or others. Because every sea shipping has fixed fees for export process in China, around $100-$150, and also fixed import fees when cargo arrive port. So shipping only 2CBM will cost a lot money.</p><p>Sea freight is port to port, so don’t forget to count in the forwarding cost from the port to your warehouse. If your place is far away from sea port or there’s even no sea port in your country, you’d better to find a local shipping company to inquire them how to ship from China. Because they know the shipping to your place better than Chinese suppliers or forwarders.</p><p>There is one <strong>special situation</strong>: if your cargo is around 15-20CBM, it’s <strong>cheaper and faster</strong> to use a 20GP container rather than LCL.</p><p><strong>Tips</strong>: If there are still some empty space left in your container, you can buy some low-value goods or bulky cargo and ship them together. Because these products can be considered as free shipping. Toys importers usually will buy <strong><a href="https://jingsourcing.com/product/pit-balls/" target="_blank" rel="external">Pit Balls</a></strong> to fill the free space of containers.</p><p>There existing few forwarders who specialized in LCL <strong>in certain countries</strong>, and you can get very cheap price from them. And they will help you handle custom process first, then you pick up cargo in their warehouse. However, finding them is a little difficult.</p><p><em>One forwarder we worked with are specialized in African line. They can even accept as less as 0.1 CBM cargo. For example, they charge $280/CBM to Nairobi, so 0.1 CBM only cost $28. You just need to pick up your cargo in their warehouse located in Nairobi, so it’s supper economic and convenient.</em> </p><p><em>If you know some of this kind company, please tell us by email:</em> <a href="mailto:info@jingsourcing.com" target="_blank" rel="external"><em>info@jingsourcing.com</em></a><em>, thank you.</em></p><figure class="image-bubble">                <div class="img-lightbox">                    <div class="overlay"></div>                    <img src="../resources/images/LCL-sea-shipping.png" alt="Less container load sea shipping way" title="">                </div>                <div class="image-caption">Less container load sea shipping way</div>            </figure><p>A forwarder who offers LCL service</p><h2 id="5-Full-Container-Load-Sea-Shipping"><a href="#5-Full-Container-Load-Sea-Shipping" class="headerlink" title="5.Full Container Load Sea Shipping"></a>5.Full Container Load Sea Shipping</h2><p>It’s well-known that full container load sea shipping is the cheapest shipping way, which is frequently used by our large customers as well. The following are the basis capacities of three common containers:</p><ul><li>20GP 5 ton           26CBM</li><li>40GP 22 ton        54CBM</li><li>40HQ 22 ton       68CBM</li></ul><p>This shipping way will be introduced in detail in future articles.</p><h2 id="6-Full-Container-Railway-Shipping-Yixin’ou-Railway-Shipping-Line"><a href="#6-Full-Container-Railway-Shipping-Yixin’ou-Railway-Shipping-Line" class="headerlink" title="6.Full Container Railway Shipping -Yixin’ou Railway Shipping Line"></a>6.Full Container Railway Shipping -Yixin’ou Railway Shipping Line</h2><p><strong><a href="https://www.rt.com/news/207447-china-spain-longest-train/" target="_blank" rel="external">Yixin’ou Railway Line</a></strong> was opened on Nov. 2014, which connect China and many countries in Europe. This line start at <strong><a href="https://jingsourcing.com/yiwu-wholesale-market-guide-1/" target="_blank" rel="external">Yiwu City</a></strong>, China, via Kazakhstan, Russia, Belarus, Poland, Germany, France, and finally arrived in Madrid, Spain. But it only accept full <strong>container load shipping</strong> currently.</p><figure class="image-bubble">                <div class="img-lightbox">                    <div class="overlay"></div>                    <img src="../resources/images/yixinou-line.jpg" alt="yixinou" title="railway">                </div>                <div class="image-caption">railway</div>            </figure><p>Yixin’ou line’s route</p><p>Before it was opened, the goods traded between China and Europe need at least 1 month in shipping, but right now it only needs 15-20 days by railway. However, its freight fee is around 3-4 times higher than which of sea shipping, but still are much cheaper than air freight (around 8-10 times higher than what of sea shipping).</p><p>Yixin’ou line is really a better choice for European businessmen exporting wine and olive oil to China. Because it’s more stable during the journey, so that the products can be sold after placing very short time when arriving China.</p>]]></content>
    
    <summary type="html">
    
      
      
        &lt;p&gt;Being a sourcing agent who helps source products from China, we usually ship our large customers’ cargoes &lt;strong&gt;by full containers&lt;/str
      
    
    </summary>
    
      <category term="Trade" scheme="http://blog.inesoi.com/categories/Trade/"/>
    
    
      <category term="trade" scheme="http://blog.inesoi.com/tags/trade/"/>
    
  </entry>
  
  <entry>
    <title>Importing Balancing Scooter from China - Problems You Should Know</title>
    <link href="http://blog.inesoi.com/importing-balancing-scooter-china-problems-know.html"/>
    <id>http://blog.inesoi.com/importing-balancing-scooter-china-problems-know.html</id>
    <published>2018-08-30T16:00:00.000Z</published>
    <updated>2018-08-29T16:22:57.745Z</updated>
    
    <content type="html"><![CDATA[<p>Balancing scooter becomes <strong>one of the most popular products</strong> in the world since 2015, and lots of customers want to import this product by asking us to source suppliers from China.</p><p>Our last blog introduces some basic information of<a href="https://jingsourcing.com/import-balancing-scooter-china-complete-guide/" target="_blank" rel="external"> <strong>how to import balancing scooter from China</strong></a>. In this article, we will emphasize the problems you have to deal with when importing balancing scooter from China. By knowing this, your business may be smoother.</p><h2 id="1-Patent-Issue-When-Import-or-Sell-Balancing-Scooter"><a href="#1-Patent-Issue-When-Import-or-Sell-Balancing-Scooter" class="headerlink" title="1.Patent Issue When Import or Sell Balancing Scooter"></a>1.Patent Issue When Import or Sell Balancing Scooter</h2><p>Last September, a US company “Segway” applied to the USITC (United States International Trade Commission) for starting “337 Investigation”. USITC accepted and started “337 Investigation” at last November.</p><p>Segway is the manufacturer of <strong>world’s first balancing scooter</strong>, also the only manufacturer located in US. It holds over 600 patents of balancing scooter. So the application to USITC is aim to several Chinese balancing factories for patent infringement. The final result of this investigation will directly determine whether made-in-China balancing scooters can keep selling in US.</p><figure class="image-bubble">                <div class="img-lightbox">                    <div class="overlay"></div>                    <img src="../resources/images/evoke-shutterstock_186076265.jpg" alt="patent issue of balancing scooter in US" title="">                </div>                <div class="image-caption">patent issue of balancing scooter in US</div>            </figure><p>Loom bands from Rainbow loom</p><p>Actually, the fundamental cause is that <strong>Chinese balancing scooters</strong> are too popular among young American with its fashionable design and affordable price. As a native company, Segway feels much pressure and want to evict these Chinese companies out of US.</p><p>Importing large quantity balancing scooters to US is very difficult now, but this situation <strong>only exists in US</strong> so far. Other countries (such as UK, Canada, and Germany) do not have this kind of patent issue. So if you are planning to import to these countries, do not worry about this problem.</p><p><em>This remains me of loom bands, the most popular toy in 2014. The patent is hold by US Company Rainbow Loom, and it</em> <em>sued against other competitors</em> <em>for copyright infringement regarding its clasp system. Almost all Chinese loom bands suppliers cannot export their products to US, so they choose other countries instead.</em></p><h2 id="2-Shipping-Problem-When-Import-Balancing-Scooter-from-China"><a href="#2-Shipping-Problem-When-Import-Balancing-Scooter-from-China" class="headerlink" title="2.Shipping Problem When Import Balancing Scooter from China"></a>2.Shipping Problem When Import Balancing Scooter from China</h2><p>Being a hazardous article, battery is always difficult to ship by air. Because of the fire disaster cause by lithium battery on airplane, recently all airlines won’t ship any battery that is over 100Wh.</p><p>Battery of balancing scooter is around 150Wh which makes it <strong>not possible</strong> to ship in bulk by air. In the future, the airline may not ship any kind of lithium battery in large quantity. So for balancing scooter importers, sea shipping is and will be only solution when you buy in quantity.</p><p>Although sea shipping must take more time, it’s safer and more legal, which is necessary for all business.</p><figure class="image-bubble">                <div class="img-lightbox">                    <div class="overlay"></div>                    <img src="../resources/images/hazardous-articles.png" alt="balancing scooter is one of hazardous articles in air freight" title="">                </div>                <div class="image-caption">balancing scooter is one of hazardous articles in air freight</div>            </figure><p>A list of hazardous articles in air freight</p><h2 id="3-Too-Many-Chinese-Retailers-on-Internet-Will-You-Have-Profit"><a href="#3-Too-Many-Chinese-Retailers-on-Internet-Will-You-Have-Profit" class="headerlink" title="3.Too Many Chinese Retailers on Internet, Will You Have Profit?"></a>3.Too Many Chinese Retailers on Internet, Will You Have Profit?</h2><p>There are already existing thousands Chinese suppliers selling this on site like EBay, Amazon, and Aliexpress. They sell as low as $320 with free shipping to Germany, however we don’t know the battery quality. People start to worry about will they still have profit in market of their countries.<em>(You may find $250 on Aliexpress, but the price is not including shipping. $310 is the lowest free shipping price I can found on Aliexpress now)</em></p><p>As the air shipping problem mentioned above, Aliexpress seller will pay at least $120 express fee each. Even there are no much express company accept the product now.</p><p>However, if you import more than 10 units from China, supplier usually offer $130-$160 each for 6.5” type (price will be different by battery type), and Sea Freight shipping by LCL or FCL to Germany will cost $6-$12 each. It means you still have good profit, even sell in your country same price as Aliexpress sellers.</p><p>With a reasonable price, a reliable shop, and commendable service, customers will certainly choose you rather than online shops.</p><h2 id="4-How-to-Choose-High-Quality-Balancing-Scooter"><a href="#4-How-to-Choose-High-Quality-Balancing-Scooter" class="headerlink" title="4.How to Choose High Quality Balancing Scooter?"></a>4.How to Choose High Quality Balancing Scooter?</h2><p>Being one kind of electronic bike, battery is <strong>key point of</strong> balancing scooter. It will decide how long distance it goes and the power it performs.</p><figure class="image-bubble">                <div class="img-lightbox">                    <div class="overlay"></div>                    <img src="../resources/images/tmp_25807-SAMSUNG_BATTERY_MINI_SST_Two-Wheels-Self-Balancing-Scooter-2-Wheel-1231541246-300x272.jpeg" alt="choose balancing scooters with good quality battery, such as Samsung or LG battery" title="">                </div>                <div class="image-caption">choose balancing scooters with good quality battery, such as Samsung or LG battery</div>            </figure><p>Balancing scooter with Samsung battery</p><p>Suppliers usually offer two kinds of batteries: 2.2Ah and 4.4Ah, these represent different battery capacities. Besides, Battery can be divided into LG, Samsung brand, and no brand (most are poor quality). The price difference is around $20.</p><p>So it is very important to know <strong>what kind of battery</strong> the supplier offers when you get his quotation. Some suppliers may scam you by quoting high price but using poor quality no brand battery. Be careful when you are looking for suppliers, and do not only focus on price.</p><p>Searching on Alibaba or Google is better way to find wholesale suppliers, and do not go to Aliexpress. Balancing scooter’s factories are mainly gathering in Shenzhen and Yongkang City, so suppliers from these two cities are most possible to be factories. The former is China’s capital of electronic products, while the latter is the capital of scooters and hardware. ( you can get more information in our last blog:<a href="https://jingsourcing.com/import-balancing-scooter-china-complete-guide/" target="_blank" rel="external">How to Import Balancing Scooter from China: Complete Guide</a>)</p>]]></content>
    
    <summary type="html">
    
      
      
        &lt;p&gt;Balancing scooter becomes &lt;strong&gt;one of the most popular products&lt;/strong&gt; in the world since 2015, and lots of customers want to import
      
    
    </summary>
    
      <category term="Trade" scheme="http://blog.inesoi.com/categories/Trade/"/>
    
    
      <category term="trade" scheme="http://blog.inesoi.com/tags/trade/"/>
    
  </entry>
  
  <entry>
    <title>Tips for Sourcing Good Suppliers on Alibaba</title>
    <link href="http://blog.inesoi.com/how-to-source-good-suppliers-on-alibaba-completely-guide.html"/>
    <id>http://blog.inesoi.com/how-to-source-good-suppliers-on-alibaba-completely-guide.html</id>
    <published>2018-08-29T16:00:00.000Z</published>
    <updated>2018-08-29T16:22:55.636Z</updated>
    
    <content type="html"><![CDATA[<p>When it comes to discussing about how to source products (or how to find suppliers) in China, most people will come up with <strong><a href="http://www.alibaba.com/" target="_blank" rel="external">Alibaba.com</a></strong>. Because it is the largest B2B trading platform in the world, with millions Chinese suppliers in every industry. In each product category, there are still thousands suppliers, and most people don’t know how to select their most suitable supplier. As dealing with all kinds Chinese suppliers for years, I’d like to share some tips to find a good supplier on Alibaba.</p><p>The following article will provide you certain <strong>tips</strong> for choosing your desired product from Alibaba. Here we will use ‘x hose’ as an example product. <em>(All companies mentioned in this article have no relationship with author)</em></p><h2 id="1-Gather-relevant-information-about-the-product"><a href="#1-Gather-relevant-information-about-the-product" class="headerlink" title="1. Gather relevant information about the product"></a>1. Gather relevant information about the product</h2><h3 id="a-Know-the-key-word-of-the-product-and-make-related-searches"><a href="#a-Know-the-key-word-of-the-product-and-make-related-searches" class="headerlink" title="a. Know the key word of the product and make related searches"></a>a. Know the key word of the product and make related searches</h3><p>For instance you search for ‘X hose’ on Alibaba. The resultant webpage will show you all products related to ‘X hose’ that are available on Alibaba. Do a thorough check on the search results and identify that particular word for ‘X Hose’ as used by suppliers for sales purposes. Most suppliers sell your desired product by the name of ‘X hose. Other suppliers might use words like ‘magic hose’ or ‘garden hose’ for selling the same product i.e. ‘X hose’. Thus you can also search for ‘magic hose’ or ‘garden hose’ and get relevant results for your desired product. The search results will lead you to more suppliers of ‘X hose’ in China.</p><h3 id="b-Identify-the-places-where-product-is-manufactured-reduce-suppliers’-scope"><a href="#b-Identify-the-places-where-product-is-manufactured-reduce-suppliers’-scope" class="headerlink" title="b.Identify the places where product is manufactured, reduce suppliers’ scope."></a>b.Identify the places where product is manufactured, reduce suppliers’ scope.</h3><p>When you search for <strong>‘<a href="https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=x+hose" target="_blank" rel="external">X hose</a>’</strong> on Alibaba, you will that most manufacturing plants for ‘X hose’ are concentrated in two areas of China. The <strong><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhejiang" target="_blank" rel="external">Zhejiang Province</a></strong> leads with about 14,827 suppliers of ‘X hose’. <strong>Guangdong</strong> falls second in place with about 3145 suppliers of ‘X hose’ registered on Alibaba. There are very few number of ‘x hose’ suppliers from other provinces of China.</p><p>Buyers with certain familiarity about China are well aware of the fact that this commonly used product is usually produced in Guangdong and Zhejiang Provinces. Suppliers in other places are not manufacturers, but generally <strong>middle men</strong>. Do not consider them for purchasing ‘X hose’ as their price per piece is very high.<br><em>(Also bear in mind that most <strong>daily use products</strong> are majorly manufactured in Zhejiang and Guangdong, and only a few of them in Fujian. Other regions of China produce Machine, Farm Products, and chemical products.)</em></p><p>If you compare the suppliers from Guangdong to those in Zhejiang, you will find that the number of suppliers in Zhejiang is 4.6 times to the number of suppliers in Guangdong. Most suppliers in Guangdong are trading companies and not manufacturers or factories. These trading companies purchase all their products from manufacturers based in Zhejiang. This clearly means that the quality of product supplied by both is similar, but products supplied by trading companies are about 10-20 % more expensive in comparison to those supplied by manufacturers.</p><p>Suppliers from Guangdong claim to supply better quality products than manufacturers located in. However, this can <strong>never be true</strong> because Zhejiang has advantages in terms of availability of low cost material and cheap labor. The cost of material and labor are high in areas, like Guangdong and so suppliers cannot supply good quality product at similar prices. Out of the total 3145 suppliers in Guangdong, just two or three are manufacturers. The rest of them are all traders, selling their products at high prices. With all the competitive advantages suppliers in Zhejiang offer excellent quality product at low prices.</p><h2 id="2-Identify-your-actual-requirement-and-choose-an-appropriate-supplier-on-Alibaba"><a href="#2-Identify-your-actual-requirement-and-choose-an-appropriate-supplier-on-Alibaba" class="headerlink" title="2. Identify your actual requirement and choose an appropriate supplier on Alibaba"></a>2. Identify your actual requirement and choose an appropriate supplier on Alibaba</h2><p>The most crucial part here is to identify the actual demand for a particular product. The process of manufacturing ‘X hose’ is quite easy and simple. It is for this reason that there are numerous manufacturers of this product. You now need to decide whether you should make your purchases from manufacturers or from trading companies. If you wish large quantity .i.e. around more than 2,000 pieces, you can buy from manufacturers. But, you only need 200-2,000 pcs, we suggest that you should buy <strong>from trading companies</strong>, even if their price per piece is a bit high as compared to manufacturers.</p><p>The following suggestions will help you in <strong><a href="https://jingsourcing.com/4-reasons-why-trading-companies-are-better-than-manufacturers/" target="_blank" rel="external">choosing a good trading company</a></strong> for making your purchases:</p><h3 id="a-Look-for-the-company’s-name-and-address"><a href="#a-Look-for-the-company’s-name-and-address" class="headerlink" title="a. Look for the company’s name and address"></a>a. Look for the company’s name and address</h3><p>Usually professional companies always choose their names <strong>according to the product</strong> they manufacture. For e.g. there are two companies named ‘Tiantai Fuhua Rubber Co., Ltd’ and ‘Yiwu Huancai Jewelry Co., ltd’. Out of the two the former one appears to be associated with the production of magic hose. This is, because production of magic hose requires the use of rubber and ‘Tiantai Fuhua Rubber’ can produce it at low material cost. On the other hand ‘Yiwu Huancai jewelry’ might have just uploaded the sale of magic hose on Alibaba to supply this product to two or three customers in a year.<figure class="image-bubble">                <div class="img-lightbox">                    <div class="overlay"></div>                    <img src="../resources/images/source-product-on-alibaba-01.jpg" alt="source-product-on-alibaba-01" title="">                </div>                <div class="image-caption">source-product-on-alibaba-01</div>            </figure></p><h3 id="b-Search-for-other-products-of-the-company"><a href="#b-Search-for-other-products-of-the-company" class="headerlink" title="b. Search for other products of the company"></a>b. Search for other products of the company</h3><p>Usually professional trading companies sell <strong>similar type of products</strong>. This means that if a trading company deals in the supply of ‘magic hose’, the other products in its portfolio will also be similar. Unprofessional companies are involved in the sale of mixed and disorderly range of products. For instance they might be selling ‘X hose’ along with related products like <strong><a href="https://jingsourcing.com/how-to-import-toys-from-china-complete-guide-2/" target="_blank" rel="external">toys</a></strong> and totally unrelated products like cosmetics.<br>So if you look at the catalog of two companies discussed above, you will surely find ‘magic hose’ as prominent product in the catalog of “Tiantai Fuhua Rubber”. Whereas the catalog of “Yiwu Huancai Jewelry”, will not have “magic hose’’ as product, because it is primarily involved in the production of cosmetics.<figure class="image-bubble">                <div class="img-lightbox">                    <div class="overlay"></div>                    <img src="../resources/images/source-product-on-alibaba-03.jpg" alt="compare different suppliers" title="product">                </div>                <div class="image-caption">product</div>            </figure></p><h3 id="c-Read-the-description-of-their-products-carefully"><a href="#c-Read-the-description-of-their-products-carefully" class="headerlink" title="c. Read the description of their products carefully"></a>c. Read the description of their products carefully</h3><p>Professional trading companies describe their products <strong>in detail</strong>, but the description of unprofessional trading companies is extremely simple. Professional trading companies have usually supply good quality products. This is primarily due to their experience in manufacturing that particular product since years.</p><h2 id="3-Correspondence-and-communication-are-important"><a href="#3-Correspondence-and-communication-are-important" class="headerlink" title="3. Correspondence and communication are important"></a>3. Correspondence and communication are important</h2><p>After carefully following the above mentioned steps, you will have a long list of suppliers, ready to choose the most suitable supplier. At this point of time, it becomes extremely important for you to <strong>communicate with</strong> the chosen list of potential suppliers. On the basis of this communication you will surely be able to judge the right supplier for your product. Use the following suggestions before placing the final orders for your desired product.</p><h3 id="a-Learn-more-product-details-from-professional-suppliers"><a href="#a-Learn-more-product-details-from-professional-suppliers" class="headerlink" title="a. Learn more product details from professional suppliers"></a>a. Learn more product details from professional suppliers</h3><p>It might so happen that you do not know much about the product you desire to purchase. You can prepare <strong>a list of questions</strong> and ask those from the supplier. This will help in understating the product and its features.<br>Usually professional suppliers are enthusiastic to answer all your questions related to quality, process and price of the product. But, professional suppliers usually sell products at higher price as compared to other suppliers on Alibaba.</p><h3 id="b-Ask-suppliers’-enough-questions-to-judge-if-they-are-qualified"><a href="#b-Ask-suppliers’-enough-questions-to-judge-if-they-are-qualified" class="headerlink" title="b. Ask suppliers’ enough questions to judge if they are qualified"></a>b. Ask suppliers’ enough questions to judge if they are qualified</h3><p>Ask <strong>sufficient questions</strong> about the product and manufacturing process. This will help you identifying whether your supplier is a factory or middlemen (too many middlemen in Alibaba claim that they are themselves involved in manufacturing.). Another advantage is that suppliers won’t quote high price of product, because they think you are experts for that product.</p><p>Taking Xhose as example, you can ask supplier what’s the price for 50FT, 75FT, 100FT and 10FT hose, the width and weight of the textile, rubber’s materials, specifications related to rubber, kind connecting accessories available, maximum water pressure and so on. Inexperienced suppliers and traders are not able to answer all questions well, because of <strong>lack of product knowledge</strong> and little or no experience in selling the product</p><h3 id="c-Compare-the-price-choose-your-best-supplier"><a href="#c-Compare-the-price-choose-your-best-supplier" class="headerlink" title="c. Compare the price, choose your best supplier"></a>c. Compare the price, choose your best supplier</h3><p>By the time you receive the price quote from professional suppliers (usually they are good trading companies), you already know the appropriate product price in accordance to the quality. In most cases this price is higher than others. If this high price is acceptable and you don’t want to take any risk, then buying from these traders is the best available option. At the same time, you can ignore suppliers that are quoting a price higher than these professional traders.</p><p>If you want to buy same quality but at a lower price, then you should make your purchases from suppliers who quote around 10% lower than the professional traders. These suppliers usually are very small trading companies with low profit, or small factories (2 staff operating Alibaba, and 15 workers producing). But, trading with them is <strong>not an easy task</strong> as such suppliers are not very experienced. To avoid unnecessary issues, you as a customer need to tell them every minute detail about your requirement. Suppliers quoting 15% lower price than the professional, tend to supply products that might be different from your expectations. It is vital to order a few sample products to check quality, before making bulk purchases.</p><p>Hope the above mentioned tips will help you choose a reliable professional supplier on Alibaba.</p>]]></content>
    
    <summary type="html">
    
      
      
        &lt;p&gt;When it comes to discussing about how to source products (or how to find suppliers) in China, most people will come up with &lt;strong&gt;&lt;a hr
      
    
    </summary>
    
      <category term="Trade" scheme="http://blog.inesoi.com/categories/Trade/"/>
    
    
      <category term="alibaba" scheme="http://blog.inesoi.com/tags/alibaba/"/>
    
      <category term="trade" scheme="http://blog.inesoi.com/tags/trade/"/>
    
  </entry>
  
  <entry>
    <title>Amazon Message Templates</title>
    <link href="http://blog.inesoi.com/amazon-message-templates.html"/>
    <id>http://blog.inesoi.com/amazon-message-templates.html</id>
    <published>2018-08-28T16:00:00.000Z</published>
    <updated>2018-08-31T16:34:25.268Z</updated>
    
    <content type="html"><![CDATA[<h2 id="Customer-Service"><a href="#Customer-Service" class="headerlink" title="Customer Service"></a>Customer Service</h2><h3 id="Small-Business-Order-Satisfaction"><a href="#Small-Business-Order-Satisfaction" class="headerlink" title="Small Business Order Satisfaction"></a>Small Business Order Satisfaction</h3><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">SUBJECT: Thank you for your order and…</div><div class="line">EVENT: Immediately after delivered</div><div class="line">GOAL: Customer Service</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div><div class="line">6</div><div class="line">7</div><div class="line">8</div><div class="line">9</div><div class="line">10</div><div class="line">11</div><div class="line">12</div><div class="line">13</div><div class="line">14</div><div class="line">15</div><div class="line">16</div><div class="line">17</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">Hello [[buyer-name]],</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line">First of all, thank you for purchasing [[product-name]]. </div><div class="line"></div><div class="line">Our records show your order will arrive today! </div><div class="line"></div><div class="line">As a small company, your satisfaction means everything to our success. Please take a moment to verify that your item arrived safely and intact. If there is any problem with the order, please [[contact-link:let us know]] right away and we&apos;ll do what we can to make it right. You can also simply reply to this email.</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line">[[order-link:Your order can be viewed on Amazon.com here.]]</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line">You are important and we want you to feel satisfied with your purchase!</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line">Thanks again!</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line">Sincerely,</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line">**Signature**</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure><h3 id="Order-Satisfaction"><a href="#Order-Satisfaction" class="headerlink" title="Order Satisfaction"></a>Order Satisfaction</h3><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">SUBJECT: Thank you for your order and…</div><div class="line">EVENT: Immediately after delivered</div><div class="line">GOAL: Customer Service</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div><div class="line">6</div><div class="line">7</div><div class="line">8</div><div class="line">9</div><div class="line">10</div><div class="line">11</div><div class="line">12</div><div class="line">13</div><div class="line">14</div><div class="line">15</div><div class="line">16</div><div class="line">17</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">Hello [[buyer-name]],</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line">First of all, thank you for purchasing [[product-name]]. </div><div class="line"></div><div class="line">Our records show your order will arrive by today or soon after! </div><div class="line"></div><div class="line">As a follow-up, if our [[product-name]] should miss your satisfaction, please [[contact-link:contact us]] so we can resolve this as soon as possible.  As an option, you can simply reply to our message.   </div><div class="line"></div><div class="line">[[order-link:Your order can be viewed on Amazon.com here.]]</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line">You are important and we want you to feel satisfied with your purchase!</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line">Thanks again!</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line">Sincerely,</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line">**Signature**</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure><h3 id="Order-Confirmation"><a href="#Order-Confirmation" class="headerlink" title="Order Confirmation"></a>Order Confirmation</h3><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">SUBJECT: Thanks for your order!</div><div class="line">EVENT: Order confirmed</div><div class="line">GOAL: Customer Service</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div><div class="line">6</div><div class="line">7</div><div class="line">8</div><div class="line">9</div><div class="line">10</div><div class="line">11</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">Hello [[buyer-name]],</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line">Thank you for purchasing [[product-name]]. Your order will arrive soon! If you notice any issues with [[product-name]], please [[contact-link:contact us]] so we can resolve the issue as fast as possible (you can reply to this message).</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line">[[order-link:Your order can be viewed on Amazon.com here]].</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line">Thanks again!</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line">Sincerely,</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line">**Signature**</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure><h2 id="Product-Review"><a href="#Product-Review" class="headerlink" title="Product Review"></a>Product Review</h2><h3 id="All-In-One-Product-Review-–-Attachment-Bonus-Content"><a href="#All-In-One-Product-Review-–-Attachment-Bonus-Content" class="headerlink" title="[All-In-One] Product Review – Attachment/Bonus Content"></a>[All-In-One] Product Review – Attachment/Bonus Content</h3><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">SUBJECT: Your **Ebook/Instruction Guide/Recipe Book/Etc.** is Attached</div><div class="line">EVENT: Immediately after out for delivery</div><div class="line">GOAL: All-In-One</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure><pre>Hello [[first-name]],It is our pleasure to have you as a customer! We’re excited that you chose **Brand Name** toprovide the **product type such as “mixing bowl set”** you need.As mentioned on our Amazon sales page, your **Brand Name** purchase includes a **type ofattachment such as ebook, instruction guide/etc.**. We have that for you here. Simply click todownload and save it to your computer or other device.Inside, you’ll find:**List 2 or 3 things that are included in the attachment such as “3 important steps to takebefore you use your new {product}.”**Once you read through the attachment, please feel free reply to this email if you havequestions or need assistance with your product.**Signature**<b>P.S.</b> How many <b>product reviews</b> did you read when buying your **product type such as “mixingbowl set”**? Other Amazon shoppers will appreciate your help with <b>evaluating the product you bought</b>. Hearing other customers’ opinions is a big help when trying to make a decision.Will you take a minute to [[product-review-link: leave a product review?]] Thanks!</pre><h3 id="All-In-One-Product-Review-–-Reinforce-Your-Brand"><a href="#All-In-One-Product-Review-–-Reinforce-Your-Brand" class="headerlink" title="[All-In-One] Product Review – Reinforce Your Brand"></a>[All-In-One] Product Review – Reinforce Your Brand</h3><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">SUBJECT: Congratulations on Your **Brand Name** Purchase</div><div class="line">EVENT: Immediately after delivered</div><div class="line">GOAL: All-In-One</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure><pre>Hello [[first-name]],We’re excited to welcome you to the **Brand Name** community! If this is your first purchaseof a **Brand Name** product, you are in for a unique experience as you get to know andappreciate the **fill in what your brand stands for, perhaps “quality and luxury” or “sturdinessand long-lasting workmanship, etc.** behind every product we make.[[product-name]] is well known for **enter what you’re known for, perhaps “delightfullydistinctive baked treats and confections”.** We’re sure you will agree!<b>Would you be willing to leave a product review?</b> We’d love for you to [[product-review-link:share your thoughts about your order]] with other shoppers on Amazon to help them make aconfident buying decision.<b>Have questions</b> about your product or **Brand Name**? Simply reply to this email andsomeone from our team will make it a priority to take care of you.**Signature**</pre><h3 id="All-In-One-Product-Review-–-Follow-Up"><a href="#All-In-One-Product-Review-–-Follow-Up" class="headerlink" title="[All-In-One] Product Review – Follow-Up"></a>[All-In-One] Product Review – Follow-Up</h3><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">SUBJECT: Did Your [[product-name]] Arrive?</div><div class="line">EVENT: 2 days after delivered</div><div class="line">GOAL: All-In-One</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure><pre>Hello [[first-name]],We see that your new order was shipped. This is a courtesy follow-up to ensure your[[product-name]]  is everything you hoped it would be!We appreciate your business and want to make certain you are 100% satisfied. <b>Please reply to this email if you:</b>   -  Have general questions about your product.   -  Need help with **using/operating** your product.   -  Have concerns or issues with your product.Please contact Amazon via the Amazon website if:   -  Your order has not arrived (Amazon handles shipping for us).   -  Your package arrived damaged.As our valued customers, we are always available to you to provide exceptional customerservice.Did you read any reviews while you were shopping for your [[product-name]]? Most shoppersdo. If you have 2 or 3 minutes today, would you help other Amazon customers by<b>[[product-review-link: leaving a product review?]]</b> Thanks!Enjoy!**Signature**</pre><h3 id="All-In-One-Product-Review-–-Helpful-Tips"><a href="#All-In-One-Product-Review-–-Helpful-Tips" class="headerlink" title="[All-In-One] Product Review – Helpful Tips"></a>[All-In-One] Product Review – Helpful Tips</h3><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">SUBJECT: Helpful **Tips/Hacks** for Using Your New [[product-name]]</div><div class="line">EVENT: Immediately after shipped</div><div class="line">GOAL: All-In-One</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure><pre>Hello [[first-name]],Your [[product-name]] is on its way and we’re excited for you to **use/eat/etc.** it!While you probably know it **insert one use/feature/benefit such as “is a sinfully delicioustreat”**, you may not be aware that it:<br>**INSERT 3-4 HELPFUL TIPS/HACKS/USES THAT CUSTOMERS MAY NOT KNOW ABOUT. Perhaps your gourmet chocolate squares are excellent when melted into a cup of coffee, or your small paint brushes can also be used when decorating cookies, etc.)**<b>Have questions?</b> Just reply to this email and we’ll be happy to provide additional information.Thanks for your order!**Signature**P.S.  Did you know you can share your thoughts about your [[product-name]] on Amazon? It’s simple and easy to [[product-review-link: let others know what you think]]. If you have a couple of minutes today, <b>please leave a product review. Thanks! </b></pre><h3 id="All-In-One-Product-Review-–-Generic-Thanks"><a href="#All-In-One-Product-Review-–-Generic-Thanks" class="headerlink" title="[All-In-One] Product Review – Generic Thanks"></a>[All-In-One] Product Review – Generic Thanks</h3><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">SUBJECT: Your [[product-name]] Order Made Our Day</div><div class="line">EVENT: Immediately after delivered</div><div class="line">GOAL: All-In-One</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure><pre>Hello [[first-name]],For small businesses, it’s always exciting to see new orders come through. We celebrate eachone and want to express our deep appreciation for trusting **Company Name** with yourrecent [[product-name]] order.Once your shipment arrives, don’t hesitate to reach out to us if you have questions about**use, care instructions, maintenance, replacement parts, etc.** We’re always here to ensureyour complete satisfaction!If you would, please <b>[[product-review-link:leave a product review]]</b> when you’ve had time touse your [[product-name]]. Your opinion will help other Amazon shoppers make confidentdecisions.Enjoy your day and your new [[product-name]]!With sincere thanks,**Signature**</pre><h3 id="All-In-One-Product-Review-–-Product-Information"><a href="#All-In-One-Product-Review-–-Product-Information" class="headerlink" title="[All-In-One] Product Review – Product Information"></a>[All-In-One] Product Review – Product Information</h3><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">SUBJECT: Important information about your new [[product-name]]</div><div class="line">EVENT: Immediately after delivered</div><div class="line">GOAL: All-In-One</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure><pre>Hello [[first-name]],Thanks for your recent order. You’ve made a great choice!Before you use your new [[product-name]] for the first time, take just a moment to read these **instructions/safety guidelines/usage tips/helpful hints/etc.** They will help ensure you have thebest experience possible.     **INSERT INFORMATION YOUR CUSTOMERS NEED TO KNOW RIGHT AWAY BEFORE      USING THE PRODUCT.****This might be clarification on issues many customers get confused about, feature use tips, etc.Examples include:     Be sure to wash your new water bottle in <b>hot</b> water and rinse it thoroughly before     drinking from it to eliminate the plastic taste.     The brackets on your car storage bag may not line up with your headrest posts. This is     not a defect. Simply turn the brackets until they align with your headrest.**Once you follow these simple steps, you’ll be able to use your [[product-name]] and all itsfeatures to the fullest.——————————<b>Have 3 minutes?</b> Just like you, other shoppers put a great deal of value in the reviews they readon Amazon. [[product-review-link: Share your opinion]] of your new [[product-name]] in aproduct review today.——————————Have questions? Simply reply to this email and we’ll respond quickly with the answers you need.Enjoy!**Signature**</pre><h3 id="Review-Request-After-Positive-Feedback"><a href="#Review-Request-After-Positive-Feedback" class="headerlink" title="Review Request After Positive Feedback"></a>Review Request After Positive Feedback</h3><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">SUBJECT: Thank you!</div><div class="line">EVENT: Immediately after positive feedback</div><div class="line">GOAL: Product Review</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure><pre>Hello [[first-name]],I just noticed you left us feedback and I wanted to personally thank you! Customers like you help small businesses like ours succeed, and inform shoppers about trusted sellers.If you could, please let other buyers know how you felt about [[product-name]]. Seller feedback reviews me as a merchant and a product review is your opinion of item purchased. Product reviews go a long way in helping shoppers determine which products they want to buy and your opinion really matters.[[product-review-link]]Please let us know if we can help in any way. Thanks again!**Signature**</pre><h3 id="We-Need-Your-Help"><a href="#We-Need-Your-Help" class="headerlink" title="We Need Your Help"></a>We Need Your Help</h3><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">SUBJECT: Your opinion matters to us.</div><div class="line">EVENT: 7 days after delivered</div><div class="line">GOAL: Product Review</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure><pre>Hello [[first-name]],Thank you again for your purchase!We want to ensure that you feel satisfied with your purchase.  And your review helps other buyers feel confident in their purchasing [[product-name]]; ultimately helping us grow our business.  So we really need your help!Please take a moment and help us by giving our [[product-name]] a review.  Your feedback makes a significant difference to us as a small business.Please click on the link: [[product-review-link]] to leave your comments.We look forward to hearing about your experience!Sincerely,**Signature**P.S.  Remember, by giving a review here: [[product-review-link]], it really helps our small business grow.</pre><h3 id="Share-Your-Review-With-Others"><a href="#Share-Your-Review-With-Others" class="headerlink" title="Share Your Review With Others"></a>Share Your Review With Others</h3><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">SUBJECT: Are you happy with [[product-name]] like our other buyers? </div><div class="line">EVENT: 9 days after delivered</div><div class="line">GOAL: Product Review</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure><pre>Hello [[first-name]],Thank you again for your purchase!Many of our customers are so pleased with our [[product-name]] that they frequently place a second order for themselves or as a gift. Whether you make the decision to place another order or not, we want to ensure that you feel satisfied with your purchase. Please take a moment and give our [[product-name]] a review.  Your review makes a significant difference to help our small business.Your comments on our [[product-name]] helps other buyers realize they can trust our product to give a promising experience.  And it gives us insights on how to improve or expand our product line.Please click on the link: [[product-review-link]] to leave your review.We look forward to hearing about your experience!Sincerely,**Signature**P.S.  Remember, by giving a review here: [[product-review-link]], it really makes a significant difference to help us grow! </pre><h3 id="Helpful-Review-Request"><a href="#Helpful-Review-Request" class="headerlink" title="Helpful Review Request"></a>Helpful Review Request</h3><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">SUBJECT: Share with us how you liked [[product-name]]!</div><div class="line">EVENT: 7 days after delivered</div><div class="line">GOAL: Product Review</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure><pre>Hello [[first-name]],Thank you again for your purchase!Many of our customers are pleased with our [[product-name]], and we like to ensure that you feel the same!Please take a moment and give our [[product-name]] a review.  Your feedback means everything to a small business like ours.Your review of our [[product-name]] helps other buyers feel confident in their purchase.  And it gives us insights on how to improve or expand our product.Please click on the link: [[product-review-link]] to share your thoughts.We look forward to hearing about your experience!Sincerely,**Signature**</pre><h3 id="Valued-Customer-Review-Request"><a href="#Valued-Customer-Review-Request" class="headerlink" title="Valued Customer Review Request"></a>Valued Customer Review Request</h3><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">SUBJECT: How awesome is your new [[product-name]]??</div><div class="line">EVENT: 4 days after delivered</div><div class="line">GOAL: Product Review</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure><pre>Hello [[first-name]]!Thank you so much for becoming a valued customer! We make customer satisfaction a top priority and would like to know how you are enjoying your new product. Help us to improve our products by leaving an honest review. Click on the link below to leave your review.[[product-review-link:Click Here to Leave a Review]][[order-link:View Your Order on Amazon]]Cheers,**Signature**</pre><h3 id="7-Days-After-Delivery-Review-Request"><a href="#7-Days-After-Delivery-Review-Request" class="headerlink" title="7 Days After Delivery Review Request"></a>7 Days After Delivery Review Request</h3><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">SUBJECT: Tell us about how you liked [[product-name]]!</div><div class="line">EVENT: 7 days after delivered</div><div class="line">GOAL: Product Review</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure><pre>Hello [[first-name]],Thank you again for purchasing [[product-name]]! Our customer support doesn't end with your purchase. If there are any issues with your order, please [[contact-link:contact us]] by responding to this email so we can address your concerns.Your opinion matters and other shoppers would love to hear what you have to say. If you haven't already left a review, we would appreciate if you would share your thoughts on it.[[product-review-link:Write your review here]]Thanks again!Sincerely,**Signature**</pre><h3 id="Review-Request"><a href="#Review-Request" class="headerlink" title="Review Request"></a>Review Request</h3><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">SUBJECT: Your [[product-name]] has been delivered! Tell us how you feel about it</div><div class="line">EVENT: Immediately after delivered</div><div class="line">GOAL: Product Review</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure><pre>Hello [[first-name]],We just noticed your [[product-name]] has been delivered. Congrats!Your complete satisfaction is my number one priority. If you have any issues with your purchase, please [[contact-link:contact us]] so we can do our best to resolve them. As a small business, your review goes a long way in helping others determine if they want to buy from us. Would you be able to take 1 minute of your time and share your opinion about [[product-name]]?[[product-review-link:Write your review here]]Again, if there are any issues, please reply to this email so we can help. Thanks again!Sincerely,**Signature**</pre><h2 id="Seller-Feedback"><a href="#Seller-Feedback" class="headerlink" title="Seller Feedback"></a>Seller Feedback</h2><h3 id="All-In-One-Seller-Feedback-–-Attachment-Bonus-Content"><a href="#All-In-One-Seller-Feedback-–-Attachment-Bonus-Content" class="headerlink" title="[All-In-One] Seller Feedback – Attachment/Bonus Content"></a>[All-In-One] Seller Feedback – Attachment/Bonus Content</h3><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">SUBJECT: Your **Ebook/Instruction Guide/Recipe Book/Etc.** is Attached</div><div class="line">EVENT: Immediately after out for delivery</div><div class="line">GOAL: All-In-One</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure><pre>Hello [[first-name]],It is our pleasure to have you as a customer! We’re excited that you chose **Brand Name** toprovide the **product type such as “mixing bowl set”** you need.As mentioned on our Amazon sales page, your **Brand Name** purchase includes a **type ofattachment such as ebook, instruction guide/etc.**. We have that for you here. Simply click todownload and save it to your computer or other device.Inside, you’ll find:**List 2 or 3 things that are included in the attachment such as “3 important steps to takebefore you use your new {product}.”**Once you read through the attachment, please feel free reply to this email is you havequestions or need assistance with your product.**Signature**<b>P.S.</b> Did you check our seller feedback before you bought? Most customers do! Amazonshoppers appreciate hearing other customers’ opinions about the sellers on Amazon. It is a bighelp when trying to make a decision. Will you take a minute or two to [[feedback-link: leaveyour thoughts about **Brand Name**?]] Thanks!</pre><h3 id="All-In-One-Seller-Feedback-–-Reinforce-Your-Brand"><a href="#All-In-One-Seller-Feedback-–-Reinforce-Your-Brand" class="headerlink" title="[All-In-One] Seller Feedback – Reinforce Your Brand"></a>[All-In-One] Seller Feedback – Reinforce Your Brand</h3><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">SUBJECT: Congratulations on Your **Brand Name** Purchase</div><div class="line">EVENT: Immediately after delivered</div><div class="line">GOAL: All-In-One</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure><pre>Hello [[first-name]],We’re excited to welcome you to the **Brand Name** community! If this is your first purchaseof a **Brand Name** product, you are in for a unique experience as you get to know andappreciate the **fill in what your brand stands for, perhaps “quality and luxury” or “sturdinessand long-lasting workmanship, etc.** behind every product we make.[[product-name]] is well known for **enter what you’re known for, perhaps “delightfullydistinctive baked treats and confections”.** We’re sure you will agree!<b>Would you be willing to [[feedback-link: leave feedback about **Brand Name** as anAmazon seller?]]</b> We’d love for you to share your thoughts about **Brand Name** and howwe performed as a seller. Your opinion will help other Amazon shoppers make a confidentbuying decision.Have questions about your product or **Brand Name**? Simply reply to this email andsomeone from our team will make it a priority to take care of you.**Signature**</pre><h3 id="All-In-One-Seller-Feedback-–-Follow-Up"><a href="#All-In-One-Seller-Feedback-–-Follow-Up" class="headerlink" title="[All-In-One] Seller Feedback – Follow-Up"></a>[All-In-One] Seller Feedback – Follow-Up</h3><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">SUBJECT: Did Your [[product-name]] Arrive?</div><div class="line">EVENT: 2 days after delivered</div><div class="line">GOAL: All-In-One</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure><pre>Hello [[first-name]],We see that your new order was shipped. This is a courtesy follow-up to ensure your [[product-name]]  is everything you hoped it would be!We appreciate your business and want to make certain you are 100% satisfied. <b>Please reply to this email if you:</b>   -  Have general questions about your product.   -  Need help with **using/operating** your product.   -  Have concerns or issues with your product.Please contact Amazon via the Amazon website if:   -  Your order has not arrived (Amazon handles shipping for us).   -  Your package arrived damaged.As our valued customers, we are always available to you to provide exceptional customer service.As our valued customers, we are always available to you to provide exceptional customerservice. In fact, you can rate **Company Name** as an Amazon seller. <b>Take a few minutestoday to [[feedback-link: tell other Amazon shoppers what you think of us as a company.]]</b>Thanks!Enjoy!**Signature**</pre><h3 id="All-In-One-Seller-Feedback–-Helpful-Tips"><a href="#All-In-One-Seller-Feedback–-Helpful-Tips" class="headerlink" title="[All-In-One] Seller Feedback– Helpful Tips"></a>[All-In-One] Seller Feedback– Helpful Tips</h3><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">SUBJECT: Helpful **Tips/Hacks** for Using Your New [[product-name]]</div><div class="line">EVENT: Immediately after shipped</div><div class="line">GOAL: All-In-One</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure><pre>Hello [[first-name]],Your [[product-name]] is on its way and we’re excited for you to **use/eat/etc.** it!While you probably know it **insert one use/feature/benefit such as “is a sinfully delicioustreat”**, you may not be aware that it:<b>**INSERT 3-4 HELPFUL TIPS/HACKS/USES THAT CUSTOMERS MAY NOT KNOW ABOUT. Perhapsyour gourmet chocolate squares are excellent when melted into a cup of coffee, or your small paint brushes can also be used when decorating cookies, etc.)**</b><b>Have questions?</b> Just reply to this email and we’ll be happy to provide additional information.Thanks for your order!**Signature**P.S.  Did you know you can rate our performance as an Amazon seller? It’s simple and easy to[[feedback-link: let others know what you think of us as a company]]. If you have a couple ofminutes today, <b>please leave seller feedback. Thanks!</b></pre><h3 id="All-In-One-Seller-Feedback-–-Generic-Thanks"><a href="#All-In-One-Seller-Feedback-–-Generic-Thanks" class="headerlink" title="[All-In-One] Seller Feedback – Generic Thanks"></a>[All-In-One] Seller Feedback – Generic Thanks</h3><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">SUBJECT: Your [[product-name]] Order Made Our Day</div><div class="line">EVENT: Immediately after delivered</div><div class="line">GOAL: All-In-One</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure><pre>Hello [[first-name]],For small businesses, it’s always exciting to see new orders come through. We celebrate eachone and want to express our deep appreciation for trusting **Company Name** with yourrecent [[product-name]] order.Once your shipment arrives, don’t hesitate to reach out to us if you have questions about**use, care instructions, maintenance, replacement parts, etc.** We’re always here to ensureyour complete satisfaction!If you would, please [[feedback-link: leave feedback with your opinion of us as a seller]]. Yourcomments <b>about us as a company</b> will help other Amazon shoppers make confident decisions.Enjoy your day and your new [[product-name]]!With sincere thanks,**Signature**</pre><h3 id="All-In-One-Seller-Feedback-–-Product-Information"><a href="#All-In-One-Seller-Feedback-–-Product-Information" class="headerlink" title="[All-In-One] Seller Feedback – Product Information"></a>[All-In-One] Seller Feedback – Product Information</h3><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">SUBJECT: Important information about your new [[product-name]]</div><div class="line">EVENT: Immediately after delivered</div><div class="line">GOAL: All-In-One</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure><pre>Hello [[first-name]],Thanks for your recent order. You’ve made a great choice!Before you use your new [[product-name]] for the first time, take just a moment to read these **instructions/safety guidelines/usage tips/helpful hints/etc.** They will help ensure you have thebest experience possible.     **INSERT INFORMATION YOUR CUSTOMERS NEED TO KNOW RIGHT AWAY BEFORE      USING THE PRODUCT.****This might be clarification on issues many customers get confused about, feature use tips, etc.Examples include:     Be sure to wash your new water bottle in hot water and rinse it thoroughly before     drinking from it to eliminate the plastic taste.     The brackets on your car storage bag may not line up with your headrest posts. This is     not a defect. Simply turn the brackets until they align with your headrest.**Once you follow these simple steps, you’ll be able to use your [[product-name]] and all itsfeatures to the fullest.——————————Have 3 minutes? Just like you, other shoppers want help deciding which Amazon sellers totrust. [[feedback-link:Share your opinion of us as a seller]] (whether we answered your questions, respondedquickly, etc.) so that other shoppers can learn from your experience.——————————Have questions? Simply reply to this email and we’ll respond quickly with the answers you need.Enjoy!**Signature**</pre><h3 id="Small-Business-Feedback-Request"><a href="#Small-Business-Feedback-Request" class="headerlink" title="Small Business Feedback Request"></a>Small Business Feedback Request</h3><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">SUBJECT:[[product-name]] was delivered and...</div><div class="line">EVENT: Immediately after delivered</div><div class="line">GOAL: Seller Feedback</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure><pre>Hello [[first-name]],Thank you again for your order of [[product-link]].[[order-link:View Order on Amazon.com]]Our carrier shows that your item has been delivered. We want to make sure that you were satisfied with the delivery of your order.   Naturally, as a small business your experience and your feedback are important to our success.   Please take a moment and share your experience on how well we handled your order. If there are any issues with the order, please [[contact-link:let us know]] right away and we'll immediately ameliorate any issues.  As an option, you can report any issues by simply replying to this email.Thanks again for your purchase!  Please take 2 seconds to click the link below and rate your experience.[[feedback-link:Leave Us Feedback]]Thank You,**Signature**</pre><h3 id="Quality-Service-Feedback-Request"><a href="#Quality-Service-Feedback-Request" class="headerlink" title="Quality Service Feedback Request"></a>Quality Service Feedback Request</h3><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">SUBJECT: [[product-name]] was delivered and...</div><div class="line">EVENT: Immediately after delivered</div><div class="line">GOAL: Seller Feedback</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure><pre>Hello [[first-name]],Thank you again for your order of [[product-link]].[[order-link:View Order on Amazon.com]]Our carrier notified us that your item has been delivered. We want to make sure that you were satisfied with the delivery of your order.   And as a small business, your satisfaction and your feedback are important to our success.   Please inspect your order.  If there are any issues with the order, please [[contact-link:let us know]] right away and we'll immediately work to make it right.  You can also simply reply to this email.To ensure quality service, Amazon requests feedback on how well we handled your order. Can you please take a moment and share your experience on how well we processed and shipped your order?Thanks again for your purchase!  Please take just 10 seconds to click the link below and rate our transaction.[[feedback-link:Leave Us Feedback]]Thank You,**Signature**</pre><h3 id="“Tell-Us-How-We-Did-”-Feedback-Request"><a href="#“Tell-Us-How-We-Did-”-Feedback-Request" class="headerlink" title="“Tell Us How We Did!” Feedback Request"></a>“Tell Us How We Did!” Feedback Request</h3><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">SUBJECT: Tell us about how we did [[first-name]]!</div><div class="line">EVENT: 7 days after delivered</div><div class="line">GOAL: Seller Feedback</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure><pre>Hello [[first-name]],Thank you again for purchasing [[product-name]]! Our customer support doesn't end with your purchase. If there are any issues with your order, please [[contact-link:contact us]] by responding to this email so we can address your concerns.Your opinion matters and other shoppers would love to hear what you have to say. If you haven't already left a review, we would appreciate if you would share your thoughts on it.[[feedback-link:Leave your feedback here]]Thanks again!Sincerely,**Signature**</pre><h3 id="“Congrats-”-Feedback-Request"><a href="#“Congrats-”-Feedback-Request" class="headerlink" title="“Congrats!” Feedback Request"></a>“Congrats!” Feedback Request</h3><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">SUBJECT: Your order has been delivered! Tell us how you feel about it</div><div class="line">EVENT: mmediately after delivered</div><div class="line">GOAL: Seller Feedback</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure><pre>Hello [[first-name]],We just noticed your [[product-name]] has been delivered. Congrats!Your complete satisfaction is my number one priority. If you have any issues with your purchase, please [[contact-link:contact us]] so we can do our best to resolve them. As a small business, your feedback goes a long way in helping others determine if they want to buy from us. Would you be able to take 1 minute of your time and share about your recent experience?[[feedback-link:Write your review here]]Again, if there are any issues, please reply to this email so we can help. Thanks again!Sincerely,**Signature**</pre><h3 id="“Mind-Sharing-Your-Experience-”-Feedback-Request"><a href="#“Mind-Sharing-Your-Experience-”-Feedback-Request" class="headerlink" title="“Mind Sharing Your Experience?” Feedback Request"></a>“Mind Sharing Your Experience?” Feedback Request</h3><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">SUBJECT: Mind Sharing Your Experience?</div><div class="line">EVENT: 2 days after delivered</div><div class="line">GOAL: Seller Feedback</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure><pre>Hello [[first-name]],Thank you again for your order of [[product-link]].I hope that you've had a chance to open up the package and make sure that everything is in order. Please [[contact-link:let us know]] right away if there is anything wrong so that we have an opportunity to correct it. You can also simply reply to this email.Thanks again for shopping with us. [[feedback-link:I'd really appreciate it if you could take just a few seconds to leave feedback]] for us. It really affects our ability to sell and be successful. One of the things that makes Amazon such a great place to shop is the feedback system and active participation by buyers like you.[[feedback-link:Leave feedback for **Signature**]].[[order-link:View your order on Amazon]]**Signature**</pre><h3 id="10-Second-Feedback-Request"><a href="#10-Second-Feedback-Request" class="headerlink" title="10 Second Feedback Request"></a>10 Second Feedback Request</h3><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">SUBJECT: [[product-name]] has been delivered</div><div class="line">EVENT: Immediately after delivered</div><div class="line">GOAL: Seller Feedback</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure><pre>Hello [[first-name]],Thank you again for your order of [[product-link]].[[order-link:View Order on Amazon.com]]The available tracking information from [[carrier]] shows that your item has been delivered. Amazon asks that you rate my service based on how I handled your order and processed it for delivery. As a small company, your feedback is critical to our success. Please take a moment to verify that your item was not damaged in transit. If there is any problem with the order, please [[contact-link:let us know]] right away and we'll do what we can to make it right. You can also simply reply to this email.Thanks again for your purchase, we'd appreciate it if you could take less than 10 seconds to click the link below and rate this transaction.[[feedback-link:Leave Us Feedback]]Thank You,**Signature**</pre>]]></content>
    
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        &lt;h2 id=&quot;Customer-Service&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;#Customer-Service&quot; class=&quot;headerlink&quot; title=&quot;Customer Service&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;Customer Service&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;h3 id=&quot;Small-Bus
      
    
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      <category term="Amazon" scheme="http://blog.inesoi.com/categories/Amazon/"/>
    
    
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  <entry>
    <title>Source Product in Yiwu Wholesale Market - Complete Guide</title>
    <link href="http://blog.inesoi.com/yiwu-wholesale-market-complete-guide.html"/>
    <id>http://blog.inesoi.com/yiwu-wholesale-market-complete-guide.html</id>
    <published>2018-08-27T16:00:00.000Z</published>
    <updated>2018-08-31T16:34:25.268Z</updated>
    
    <content type="html"><![CDATA[<p>Whenever people talk about sourcing products from China, the Chinese Fairs always come first to many people’s minds, like the Canton fair in Guangzhou. But you can only attend these exhibitions at specific times. </p><p>In this case, I highly recommend that you come to Yiwu Wholesale Market, Which is the biggest wholesale market in the world. And you’re very likely to find a supplier that you need at any time. </p><p>By reading this article, you will get to learn the features of Yiwu wholesale market, find out how to purchase in Yiwu, discover the products with potential commercial value, and realize your business dream. </p><p>This is a long article, and I organize it into 7 chapters. You can click either icons or the text below, to navigate to each chapters. If you like this article, please share it with your friends.</p><h2 id="1-Where-is-Yiwu-amp-What-is-Yiwu-Wholesale-Market"><a href="#1-Where-is-Yiwu-amp-What-is-Yiwu-Wholesale-Market" class="headerlink" title="1. Where is Yiwu? &amp; What is Yiwu Wholesale Market?"></a>1. Where is Yiwu? &amp; What is Yiwu Wholesale Market?</h2><p>Where is Yiwu? Yiwu is located in Zhejiang Province, close to Ningbo Port and Shanghai Port. For more information about the location of Yiwu and how to get to Yiwu, you can <a href="https://jingsourcing.com/how-to-get-to-yiwu/" target="_blank" rel="external">click here</a>. </p><p><img src="../resources/images/yiwumap1.jpg" alt="yiwu map"></p><p>Yiwu is really a <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/cities/2017/mar/23/welcome-yiwu-china-testing-ground-multicultural-city" target="_blank" rel="external">multicultural city</a>. It attracts more than 500, 000 foreign procurers who come here every year to develop their businesses. Yiwu also has over 14, 000 foreign businessmen from more than 100 different countries who reside there.All the people come to Yiwu for the biggest wholesale market in the world, which is “Yiwu Wholesale market”. </p><p>Here, you will find a wide array of products.There are more than 70, 000 booths in this market exhibiting different products. It makes Yiwu be more of a huge fair instead of a market. And what distinguishes it from all the other open fairs is that Yiwu market is open all year round, except during the Spring Festival.  </p><p>In the Yiwu wholesale market, you can find suppliers of various products. These suppliers are from all parts of China. And their factories may not be in Yiwu, but from the surrounding cities of Yiwu such as Zhuji, or farther, like Guangzhou, Shenzhen, etc. </p><p>But they are all concentrated in the Yiwu wholesale market for sales. This makes it easier for customers at home and from abroad to make centralized purchases.</p><h3 id="Travel-through-Yiwu-Wholesale-Market"><a href="#Travel-through-Yiwu-Wholesale-Market" class="headerlink" title="Travel through Yiwu Wholesale Market"></a>Travel through Yiwu Wholesale Market</h3><p>In fact, Yiwu has many wholesale markets. But the most famous wholesale market is called Yiwu International Trade Market, also known as Futian Market because it is located in Futian. But foreigners prefer to call it “Yiwu Wholesale Market”. </p><p>And what I have mentioned in this article is  referring to this market. As for some other Yiwu Markets, I will discuss them in Chapter 8. </p><h2 id="2-A-Map-Guide-of-Yiwu-Wholesale-Market"><a href="#2-A-Map-Guide-of-Yiwu-Wholesale-Market" class="headerlink" title="2. A Map Guide of Yiwu Wholesale Market"></a>2. A Map Guide of Yiwu Wholesale Market</h2><p>The Yiwu wholesale market has five main districts, each with 3-4 floors. All the areas are connected. Actually, you can visit the market from one district to the other four districts without leaving the building. </p><p><img src="../resources/images/market-map-2.jpg" alt="market map"></p><p>I have to say that Yiwu Wholesale Market is the best in China and even in the whole world. Because no any other wholesale market is as well planned as the Yiwu Wholesale Market. All areas are subdivided according to the category of their products. </p><p>You can easily find the products that you want to import from here. I have sorted out various product categories in every district for your reference. And of course, you can <a href="https://jingsourcing.com/download/94fc2d57d91b6efd228597e33d55fef5.pdf" target="_blank" rel="external">click here</a> to download the map or enter your email to get a detailed map. </p><h3 id="District-1"><a href="#District-1" class="headerlink" title="District 1"></a>District 1</h3><ul><li>F1: Common toys, Electric toys, Inflatable toys, Plush toys, Flower accessories</li><li>F2: Jewelry, Head Ornament</li><li>F3: Ornament Accessories, Porcelain &amp; Crystal, Picture Frame, Tourism Craft, Decoration Craft, Festival Craft</li><li>F4: Factory Outlets</li></ul><h3 id="District-2"><a href="#District-2" class="headerlink" title="District 2"></a>District 2</h3><ul><li>F1: Suitcases &amp; Bags, Schoolbags, Rainwear, Rain Capes &amp; Poly Bags, Umbrellas</li><li>F2: Vehicles, Hardware Tools &amp; Fittings, Locks, Electric Products</li><li>F3: Electric Instrument, Batteries/Lamp $ Flashlight, Clocks &amp; Watches, Telecommunication Appliances, Small Home Appliances, Shaver, Kitchen &amp; Bath</li><li>F4: Factory Outlets, Electronics, Suitcase &amp; Bags, Clocks &amp; Watches, Hardware &amp; Electric Appliances, Pavilion</li></ul><h3 id="District-3"><a href="#District-3" class="headerlink" title="District 3"></a>District 3</h3><ul><li>F1: Glasses, Pen &amp; Inks, Paper Articles</li><li>F2: Sporting Articles, Office suppliers &amp; Stationery</li><li>F3: Factory Outlets-Zippers, Accessories, Sporting Articles</li></ul><h3 id="District-4"><a href="#District-4" class="headerlink" title="District 4"></a>District 4</h3><ul><li>F1: Socks</li><li>F2: General Merchandise for Daily Use, Knitting Products, Gloves, HAT</li><li>F3: Sewing Thread &amp; Tape, Shoes, Lace, Necktie, Wool Yarn, Towel</li><li>F4: Belt, Scarf, Bar &amp; Underwear, Scarf, Bar </li></ul><h3 id="District-5"><a href="#District-5" class="headerlink" title="District 5"></a>District 5</h3><ul><li>F1: Imported Commodities, African Products Exhibition Center, Jewelry &amp; Handcrafts, Clothing &amp; Hats, Article of Daily Use, Food, Health Care Products</li><li>F2: Beddings</li><li>F3: Needle Weaver Fabrics, Knitting Raw Material, Curtains</li><li>F4: Auto Accessories, Car &amp; Motorcycle Parts, Pet (fish) Products</li></ul><h2 id="3-How-to-Deal-With-Suppliers-in-Yiwu-Market"><a href="#3-How-to-Deal-With-Suppliers-in-Yiwu-Market" class="headerlink" title="3. How to Deal With Suppliers in Yiwu Market?"></a>3. How to Deal With Suppliers in Yiwu Market?</h2><h3 id="1-How-to-communicate-with-Suppliers-in-Yiwu-Market"><a href="#1-How-to-communicate-with-Suppliers-in-Yiwu-Market" class="headerlink" title="1.How to communicate with Suppliers in Yiwu Market"></a>1.How to communicate with Suppliers in Yiwu Market</h3><p>When you ask for the products at the booths, you will find that you can simply communicate with the suppliers in Yiwu Wholesale Market, for instance, talking about the price. Because the suppliers can understand some basic English, such as how much, price, cheap, good, and other simple English words. </p><p>When you see a product at a booth, you can use your finger to point it out. And then the suppliers will show you the price of RMB with a calculator. You need to pay attention to the fact that suppliers in the market only accept RMB and reject the US dollars. </p><p><img src="../resources/images/price-on-calculator.jpg" alt="price on calculator"></p><p>Since the sellers can only communicate in this simple way, if you go to buy a small amount of stock, then you can manage on your own. But if you want to communicate more deeply about the product, such as customizing the content. Then you will find that communication will become very difficult. In this case, it would be a good decision to find a translator or Yiwu market agent.</p><h3 id="2-Hire-a-Translator-or-a-Yiwu-Market-Agent-to-Help-You"><a href="#2-Hire-a-Translator-or-a-Yiwu-Market-Agent-to-Help-You" class="headerlink" title="2.Hire a Translator or a Yiwu Market Agent to Help You"></a>2.Hire a Translator or a Yiwu Market Agent to Help You</h3><p>Translator and agents can help you determine price, quantity per carton, CBM per carton, minimum order quantity, production time, minimum quantity for customizing packaging and more with suppliers. </p><p><img src="../resources/images/A-foreign-customer-is-visiting-a-flag-booth-with-an-agent.jpg" alt="A foreign customer is visiting a flag booth with an agent"></p><p>Here, you need to note that the work of the translator is mainly to help you communicate with the supplier in the market. But as for orders, inspections, and delivery after leaving the market, that’s not their job. The reward for a translator is about ¥350 a day, which is equivalent to $40-$50 a day. </p><p>However, an agent will help you with everything in China, even like packaging matters. Sometimes, when your quantity is small, the supplier may not help you to package your products. But agents can package your goods according to your requirements. And fees are mainly charged based on the percentage of the purchase amount.</p><h3 id="3-Tips-for-Finding-Yiwu-Wholesale-Market-Suppliers"><a href="#3-Tips-for-Finding-Yiwu-Wholesale-Market-Suppliers" class="headerlink" title="3.Tips for Finding Yiwu Wholesale Market Suppliers"></a>3.Tips for Finding Yiwu Wholesale Market Suppliers</h3><p>◆. Whether you go directly to buy in the market, or go with a translator or agent, I suggest that you find more suppliers and find a better price among them. The districts of Yiwu market are very clear. </p><p>Generally, the suppliers of the same product are all situated in the same area. You only need to go around them to find similar suppliers. Also you can check on the website of “Yiwugou” to find a supplier’s information.</p><p><img src="../resources/images/yiwugou.png" alt="yiwugou"></p><p>◆. After selecting a supplier, you must confirm with the supplier that the actual products and the samples in the stores are the same. If not, they should let you know in advance. Because it is very common that the actual products and the samples are not the same in Yiwu market. </p><p>For this problem, the supplier will not take the initiative to explain to you, and it is only when you actually receive the actual products that you will find it’s too late. Therefore, I strongly recommend that you confirm this issue with the supplier in advance. </p><p>◆. Some suppliers in the Yiwu market are specialized in doing one category, and some others do the various categories of products at the same time. If you are unfamiliar with Yiwu market, then professional agents can help you find more professional suppliers, even manufacturers. </p><p>Their prices will tend to be better, the quality of the products will be more secure, and the suppliers are more familiar with the products. The suppliers that deal with a lot of categories often have multiple cooperative factories. Relatively speaking, the suppliers who do various categories are not more professional than those who have specialized in just one category. </p><p><img src="../resources/images/Professional-sellers.png" alt="Professional sellers"></p><figure class="image-bubble">                <div class="img-lightbox">                    <div class="overlay"></div>                    <img src="../resources/images/Unprofessional-seller.png" alt="Unprofessional seller" title="">                </div>                <div class="image-caption">Unprofessional seller</div>            </figure><p>◆. For price negotiations, the price of the supplier will not be very different. Generally, the quantity of about 1000 pieces can be offered at a great price. And sometimes, the supplier will give you a little discount of about 3-5%. </p><p>Some customers think that if they directly ask the supplier whether the price of 10, 000 pieces will be lower, they will get a low price of around 10-20%. But this is not true, as even after doing this; the price will still be the same as that of 1000 pieces. </p><p>You don’t have to be surprised, because this is normal. Since suppliers don’t believe you will buy 10, 000 pieces. They just think that this is a trick of you asking them about the lowest price possible. So, when you hear that the price of 1000 pieces is almost the same as that of 10, 000 pieces, you shouldn’t be surprised at all.</p><h2 id="4-Find-A-Yiwu-Market-Agent-and-Know-Their-Tricks"><a href="#4-Find-A-Yiwu-Market-Agent-and-Know-Their-Tricks" class="headerlink" title="4. Find A Yiwu Market Agent and Know Their Tricks"></a>4. Find A Yiwu Market Agent and Know Their Tricks</h2><p>When you come to Yiwu, you will find that there are too many agents. But there are only a few large companies with at least 500 people, and thousands of agents with 10 people or less, or even just 2-3 people. </p><p>Among the various agencies, it is important to find a good company and build trust with them, since long-term cooperation is important.  The damage done by a bad agency to your business cannot be under-estimated. </p><p>So, there are some hidden rules and tricks that you need to know in the Yiwu Wholesale Market. By understanding these things, you can easily find a good agency to protect your own interests. </p><h3 id="4-1-Where-To-Find-Your-Yiwu-Market-Agent"><a href="#4-1-Where-To-Find-Your-Yiwu-Market-Agent" class="headerlink" title="4.1 Where To Find Your Yiwu Market Agent?"></a>4.1 Where To Find Your Yiwu Market Agent?</h3><p>If you are abroad but want to find a good agent in advance for visiting the Yiwu market, then you can search for “Yiwu Market Agent” on Google, where you will find some Yiwu agents. If you have already arrived in Yiwu, you will see a lot of advertisements about Yiwu agents at the airport, train station, and even at your hotel entrance. You can choose one of them. </p><p><img src="../resources/images/google-on-yiwu-market-agent.png" alt="google on yiwu market agent"></p><p>Here, I also want to share something special with you. If you are a customer from the Middle East and Africa, then you can find people who are doing import and export business in Yiwu directly to your country. They can communicate with you in your own language and they fully understand the situation of China and your country. </p><p>You can go and search for them as agents. They will prepare everything for you in China, including visas, air tickets, hotel reservations, etc. After coming to China, you only need to focus on purchasing your products, and they will do the following: inspection, delivery, customs clearance, and other issues for you. </p><p><img src="../resources/images/Cargo-Inspection.jpg" alt="Cargo-Inspection"></p><figure class="image-bubble">                <div class="img-lightbox">                    <div class="overlay"></div>                    <img src="../resources/images/Customs-Clearance-Procedure.jpg" alt="Customs-Clearance-Procedure" title="">                </div>                <div class="image-caption">Customs-Clearance-Procedure</div>            </figure><figure class="image-bubble">                <div class="img-lightbox">                    <div class="overlay"></div>                    <img src="../resources/images/freight-shipping.jpg" alt="freight-shipping" title="">                </div>                <div class="image-caption">freight-shipping</div>            </figure><h3 id="4-2-What-does-Yiwu-Market-Agent-Serve"><a href="#4-2-What-does-Yiwu-Market-Agent-Serve" class="headerlink" title="4.2 What does Yiwu Market Agent Serve?"></a>4.2 What does Yiwu Market Agent Serve?</h3><p>The services provided by the Yiwu Market Agent are as follows: </p><ol><li><p>Yiwu market agent will take you to the market, and help you source wholesale products according to your procurement plan. Or when you don’t have any plan, they can take you to some of the most popular shops in the market.</p></li><li><p>When you enter the store, the agent can act as a translator to help you communicate with the supplier. If you’re lucky, he or she can get some discounts for you. </p></li><li><p>Generally speaking, many guests will purchase some goods in various shops to form a whole cabinet in Yiwu market. And your agent will help you to create a variety of forms to help track your various products. </p></li><li><p>When you finally decide on the goods you want to purchase, the agent will help you to place an order with the supplier and pay the required amount. This is because the supplier only accepts the RMB. </p></li></ol><pre><code>![Two foreigners are confirming order with the booth](../resources/images/Two-foreigners-are-confirming-order-with-the-booth.jpg )</code></pre><ol><li><p>Agents can provide their warehouses in China, by temporarily storing the products you have purchased. This gives you time to concentrate on your purchases without worrying about having a place to store your goods in China.  </p></li><li><p>They receive goods for you, check the goods, and then ship them to your country. When you complete the procurement process, you can just go back to your country. Your agent will help you to complete the follow-up. This way, you don’t have to waste time; after all, time is money. </p></li><li><p>As you enjoy these services provided by the agent, they will charge you a certain service fee, which is usually settled according to the total amount of purchases.</p></li></ol><h3 id="4-3-What-is-Yiwu-Agent’s-Service-Charge-How-Much-Should-You-Pay-for-The-Agent-Service"><a href="#4-3-What-is-Yiwu-Agent’s-Service-Charge-How-Much-Should-You-Pay-for-The-Agent-Service" class="headerlink" title="4.3 What is Yiwu Agent’s Service Charge? How Much Should You Pay for The Agent Service?"></a>4.3 What is Yiwu Agent’s Service Charge? How Much Should You Pay for The Agent Service?</h3><p>This is a very interesting topic and one that foreigners who come to Yiwu to purchase goods are normally concerned about, especially for those importers who have no any purchasing experience in Yiwu. You may not be aware that there are more than 1, 000 agencies in Yiwu! The largest agency normally has at least 500 people and the smallest agency usually has around 5 people. </p><p>There are so many agents available in Yiwu. In fact, you will not know how to choose the best agent. At this point, you may be attracted to ads that claim to offer 3% commission or even lower, and some even give 0% commission. </p><p><img src="../resources/images/Caution-phot-by-ra2-studio-via-fotolia.jpg" alt="caution"></p><p>My advice is that you should not be misled by these ads. This is just a low-cost competitive marketing method used by agencies to attract new customers. When you contact these companies, they will also tell you that there are various other service fees to collect. Although there is no set industry standard in Yiwu, as far as I know, it is more reasonable and reliable for the agents to charge around 5-10% service fee. </p><p>You can go ahead and choose an agent with a low service fee, but you will find some of the problems that I am going to talk about in the next paragraph. They are some of the most used tricks by Yiwu agents, which many of our readers have shared with us. </p><h3 id="4-4-Some-of-Yiwu-Agent’s-Tricks-You-Need-to-Know"><a href="#4-4-Some-of-Yiwu-Agent’s-Tricks-You-Need-to-Know" class="headerlink" title="4.4 Some of Yiwu Agent’s Tricks You Need to Know"></a>4.4 Some of Yiwu Agent’s Tricks You Need to Know</h3><p>In order to maintain the interests of their own company, some agencies that charge 3% or lower service fees often use some tricks to make up for the loss of service fees.</p><p><img src="../resources/images/tips-and-tricks.png" alt="tips and tricks"></p><ol><li><p>Change suppliers</p><p> When you think that the quality of supplier A’s product is good, the price is acceptable, and as a result, you go ahead and place your order. But then, your agent is more likely to replace your supplier A with a cheaper supplier B, in order to benefit from it. As for you, the lower price of supplier B means that you may get a poor quality product.  </p></li><li><p>Ask suppliers for a kick back</p><p> When you go directly to the market, your agent will help you to negotiate with the supplier. During this time, the agent will use the Chinese language to ask the supplier to increase the original price by 2-3% as a quote for you. In this case, the price of the product you pay will be more expensive. </p></li><li><p>Force suppliers to cut prices</p><p> When you and the supplier decide on the product and price, the agent will force the supplier to cut the price when placing the order. This way, the agent receives the profit from the price difference. This situation will also cause the supplier to give you poor product quality and protect their profit.</p></li></ol><h2 id="5-How-to-Ship-Products-from-Yiwu-to-Your-Country"><a href="#5-How-to-Ship-Products-from-Yiwu-to-Your-Country" class="headerlink" title="5. How to Ship Products from Yiwu to Your Country?"></a>5. How to Ship Products from Yiwu to Your Country?</h2><p>Yiwu is a city with very developed logistics and transportation networks. Here, you can choose to ship to your country in many ways. In general, there is express delivery, air transportation, and shipping. </p><p><img src="../resources/images/shipping-way.jpg" alt="shipping way"></p><p>Among them, express delivery is the fastest way. Frankly speaking, the goods can be sent directly to the address door that you provide within 3-5 days. Note that; express delivery is the most costly way. So it is only suitable for small, high-value goods, such as electronic products, accessories, watches and so on. </p><p>If you are ready to send by express, then I suggest that you do not contact Fedex, DHL, UPS, or any other official express. Because their discounts for individuals are usually limited. A good solution would be to contact Yiwu’s express agent. </p><p>You can find a lot of such express delivery companies around the market. They have a very low discount rate because they have a lot of clients. If you compare the two, you will find that using an express agent can really help you reduce the cost of freight. </p><p>If you are shipping, or want to transport by air, you can go to the Chanchun District and Futian District of Yiwu Market to find some freight forwarding companies. </p><p><img src="../resources/images/changchun-futian-district.jpg" alt="changchun futian district"><img src="../resources/images/changchun-futian-district-1024x349.jpg" alt=""></p><p>Many freight forwarding companies will claim to be able to send to any country. However, these freight forwarding companies are not the best choice. I suggest that you find some freight forwarders that are specialized in your country line. Such companies normally give you a full quote to your country right away, including some details on customs clearance. </p><p>Some freight forwarders will tell you that they can ship goods to any country. In fact, they ship to several major countries. So, if your country is not one of those countries that they normally ship to, they will contact other freight forwarders to help you ship. Then, the quote will end up being much higher. </p><p>Especially, for some customers in the Middle East, Africa, Russia, and South America, customs clearance is not as easy as in North America, and it is more likely to have problems.</p><p>The freight forwarding companies in the special line can help you solve various problems more professionally because of their rich experience. And a large number of these special line freight forwarding companies have been opened in Yiwu by people from your country, so it will be more convenient in communicating. </p><p>If you are from a country along the “<a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/the-longest-railway-in-the-world-2015-1" target="_blank" rel="external">Yixinou Railway</a>“, you can also choose to ship the goods to your country by rail. The “Yixinou railway” starts from Yiwu and passes through <strong>Kazakhstan</strong>, <strong>Russia</strong>, <strong>Belarus</strong>, <strong>Poland</strong>, <strong>Germany</strong>, <strong>France</strong>, and finally, <strong>Madrid</strong>. The choice of rail transport saves about half of the cost of time, and its cost is only half or less that of air transport.</p><p><img src="../resources/images/yixinou2.png" alt="“Yixinou Railway”"></p><h2 id="6-Four-Things-You-Need-to-Know-About-Yiwu-Wholesale-Market"><a href="#6-Four-Things-You-Need-to-Know-About-Yiwu-Wholesale-Market" class="headerlink" title="6. Four Things You Need to Know About Yiwu Wholesale Market"></a>6. Four Things You Need to Know About Yiwu Wholesale Market</h2><h3 id="6-1-Are-All-the-Booths-Opened-by-Manufacturers"><a href="#6-1-Are-All-the-Booths-Opened-by-Manufacturers" class="headerlink" title="6.1 Are All the Booths Opened by Manufacturers?"></a>6.1 Are All the Booths Opened by Manufacturers?</h3><p>Most booths are owned by individual businesses, while others are owned by trading companies and they’ve got lots of factories that supply them on a long-term basis. If you do not want to buy in large quantities, in some cases, you may get better prices from them than when buying from the factory. </p><p>There are some booths owned by factories. These are mainly based in Yiwu and nearby cities. Others are based in Fujian, Guangdong, and other provinces. The scales of these factories range between 10 and 1, 000 staffs. </p><p>If it’s your first time visiting Yiwu, or you do not have much information and experience on import, you will find it challenging trying to distinguish whether these are individual businesses, small workshops, or large-scale factories. Even though most booths claim to be manufacturers, you shouldn’t trust them at all. </p><h3 id="6-2-Are-Yiwu-Products-of-Poor-Quality-as-Alleged"><a href="#6-2-Are-Yiwu-Products-of-Poor-Quality-as-Alleged" class="headerlink" title="6.2 Are Yiwu Products of Poor Quality as Alleged?"></a>6.2 Are Yiwu Products of Poor Quality as Alleged?</h3><p>Some commentators on the internet allege that all Yiwu products are of poor quality, thus they cannot be exported to the United States. This is not true because of the following reasons:</p><p>Yiwu product does not mean “Made in Yiwu”. As mentioned earlier, Chinese products have industrial areas where they are manufactured from. Many products sold in Yiwu are made in other leading production areas and they are just availed in Yiwu for sale.</p><p>One of the top 3 exporting countries from Yiwu is the U.S. Many high-quality products are exported from China to the U.S every year. Yiwu also has some budget products which target developing countries, but it’s not true to say that all Yiwu products are not of good quality. </p><p>For example, most Christmas products are produced in Yiwu, but you will also find suppliers in places like Shenzhen and other areas. However, the Shenzen supplier may play a dirty trick by not telling you that the products were manufactured in Yiwu, or even he/she may claim that what they sell is better than that made in Yiwu.  </p><h3 id="6-3-Is-Yiwu-Wholesale-Market-only-suitable-for-Small-Businesses"><a href="#6-3-Is-Yiwu-Wholesale-Market-only-suitable-for-Small-Businesses" class="headerlink" title="6.3 Is Yiwu Wholesale Market only suitable for Small Businesses?"></a>6.3 Is Yiwu Wholesale Market only suitable for Small Businesses?</h3><p>Many articles on the internet are saying that Yiwu market is only suitable for small businesses, and Shenzhen or other big cities are better for big orders. But the truth is that you won’t find a market with an MOQ that’s higher than that of the markets in Yiwu. </p><p>For those individuals who want to buy one item from $1000 or more to 2-3 containers, this is the best place to source them. It’s quite difficult to persuade the booth to sell one or two cartons for one item, as this quantity is very less than their MOQ. </p><p>Usually, every product in any market needs lead time. However, some of them tend to have spot goods so that you can purchase in small quantities. But there are two conditions which you should consider before buying spot goods.</p><p>Spot goods cannot be changed. All the colors, logos, and styles, as well as packaging, remain the same as the samples that you see in the booth. If you want customized products, you will have to buy in large quantities. Because spot goods are already manufactured, their standard or design is not current, thus they are not suitable for fashion products.</p><h3 id="6-4-How-Does-Yiwu-Differ-from-Ningbo-Shenzhen-and-Guangzhou"><a href="#6-4-How-Does-Yiwu-Differ-from-Ningbo-Shenzhen-and-Guangzhou" class="headerlink" title="6.4 How Does Yiwu Differ from Ningbo, Shenzhen, and Guangzhou?"></a>6.4 How Does Yiwu Differ from Ningbo, Shenzhen, and Guangzhou?</h3><p>Ningbo, Shenzhen, and Guangzhou are all big coastal cities in China and have ports, which is a factor that gives them many advantages of export. This is also the reason why most large international companies have set up their procurement or branch offices in these cities. Also, there are various professional trading companies which offer better services. </p><p>Yiwu does not have a port and relies on the Ningbo port, which is 200km away. Meanwhile, Yiwu supplies many goods to Ningbo, Shenzhen, and Guangzhou. </p><p>You can’t find any other place like Yiwu wholesale market that collects so many products from Ningbo, Shenzhen, and Guangzhou. </p><p>Ningbo doesn’t have any market and its advantage is the port only. On the other hand, Shenzhen only has a market for electronic products, while Guangzhou is a popular market for jewelry, clothing, and related items. And these markets are in different places and sourcing from them is not easy. It is only during Canton Fair when suppliers congregate at one place in China.</p><h2 id="7-Other-Wholesale-Markets-and-Yiwu-Fairs"><a href="#7-Other-Wholesale-Markets-and-Yiwu-Fairs" class="headerlink" title="7. Other Wholesale Markets and Yiwu Fairs"></a>7. Other Wholesale Markets and Yiwu Fairs</h2><p>In fact, Yiwu has many different types of wholesale markets. The Yiwu wholesale market that you know is referred to as the “Futian market”. But there are other wholesale markets in Yiwu. These markets are not as famous as the Futian market, but you can also find some products that you want here.</p><h3 id="Yiwu-Huangyuan-Clothing-Market"><a href="#Yiwu-Huangyuan-Clothing-Market" class="headerlink" title="Yiwu Huangyuan Clothing Market"></a>Yiwu Huangyuan Clothing Market</h3><p><img src="../resources/images/Yiwu-Huangyuan-Clothing-Market.jpg" alt="Yiwu Huangyuan Clothing Market"></p><p>Tag: clothes, suit, uniform, coat, scarf, dress, T-shirt, jeans, skirt, shirt, trousers, jacket</p><h3 id="Yiwu-Furniture-Market"><a href="#Yiwu-Furniture-Market" class="headerlink" title="Yiwu Furniture Market"></a>Yiwu Furniture Market</h3><p><img src="../resources/images/Yiwu-Furniture-Market.jpg" alt="Yiwu-Furniture-Market"></p><p>Tag: light, sofa, chair, bed, drawer, door, table, bookshelf, fireplace, couch, mirror, crib, clothes tree</p><h3 id="Yiwu-International-Capital-Goods-Market"><a href="#Yiwu-International-Capital-Goods-Market" class="headerlink" title="Yiwu International Capital Goods Market"></a>Yiwu International Capital Goods Market</h3><p><img src="../resources/images/Yiwu-International-Capital-Goods-Market.jpg" alt="Yiwu International Capital Goods Market"></p><p>Tag: kitchenware, lamp bulb, LED, leather, crafts, tools, equipment</p><p>Although Yiwu has many open markets all year round, Yiwu’s exhibitions will also be held from time-to-time. Most of the customers who come to China to participate in the Canton Fair normally fly to Yiwu to participate in Yiwu Exhibition after the completion of the Canton Fair. </p><p>You can think of Yiwu’s exhibition as a mini Canton, where to find some real factories. But if you want me to give you some advice about whether to go to the Canton Fair or to the Yiwu Exhibition, my suggestion will be the Canton Fair, as you will find more suppliers and products there. The following is an exhibition to be held in Yiwu in September 2018 and 2019. You can refer to it. </p><table><thead><tr><th>Name of Fairs in Yiwu</th><th>Data             </th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><a href="http://ty.yw-ybh.com/" target="_blank" rel="external">The Belt and Road Yiwu Sports Industry Exhibition </a></td><td>Sep.7-9/2018     </td></tr><tr><td><a href="http://www.cafexpo.net/" target="_blank" rel="external">2018 China Art and Frame Expo </a></td><td>Sep.18-20/2018   </td></tr><tr><td><a href="http://www.yiwufair.com/" target="_blank" rel="external">China Yiwu Auto and Motorcycle Parts Exhibition </a></td><td>Oct.21-24/2018   </td></tr><tr><td><a href="http://www.yiwufair.com/" target="_blank" rel="external">China Yiwu International Commodities Fair </a></td><td>Oct.21-25/2018   </td></tr><tr><td><a href="http://www.yw-ybh.com/" target="_blank" rel="external">2018 China Yiwu International Manufacturing Equipment Expo </a></td><td>Nov.29-Dec.1/2018</td></tr><tr><td><a href="http://www.yw-ybh.com/" target="_blank" rel="external">2018 Belt and Road Initiative (Yiwu) glasses and eye care products fair</a></td><td>Apr.1-3/2019     </td></tr><tr><td><a href="http://www.ssofair.com/" target="_blank" rel="external">The 14th China (Yiwu) Cultural Products Trade Fair </a></td><td>Apr.27-30/2019   </td></tr></tbody></table><p><strong>Now It’s Your Turn</strong></p><p>Are you ready to come to Yiwu and see the biggest wholesale market for yourself?</p><p>Do you want to be one of the importers from Yiwu and accelerate your business?</p><p>Have you understood how to avoid the tricks and get the good products at wonderful prices?</p><p>What have you learned from this article? Let me hear your voice by leaving a comment below right now. </p><p><img src="../resources/images/its-your-turn.png" alt=""></p>]]></content>
    
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        &lt;p&gt;Whenever people talk about sourcing products from China, the Chinese Fairs always come first to many people’s minds, like the Canton fair
      
    
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      <category term="Trade" scheme="http://blog.inesoi.com/categories/Trade/"/>
    
    
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  </entry>
  
  <entry>
    <title>Using Amazon Product Inserts for Reviews</title>
    <link href="http://blog.inesoi.com/amazon-insert-card-review.html"/>
    <id>http://blog.inesoi.com/amazon-insert-card-review.html</id>
    <published>2018-08-21T16:00:00.000Z</published>
    <updated>2018-08-31T16:34:25.211Z</updated>
    
    <content type="html"><![CDATA[<h2 id="How-to-Use-Amazon-Product-Inserts-for-Reviews"><a href="#How-to-Use-Amazon-Product-Inserts-for-Reviews" class="headerlink" title="How to Use Amazon Product Inserts for Reviews"></a>How to Use Amazon Product Inserts for Reviews</h2><p>Including physical inserts inside the packages for your products can be a very effective way for Amazon sellers to get product reviews. </p><p>These don’t have to be super complicated. </p><p>Basically, you want to make sure you:</p><ol><li>Follow the rules.</li><li>Remind customers why they bought your product (highlight the benefits).</li><li>Actually ask them to leave a review and include instructions for doing so.</li><li>Keep the design simple, easy-to-read and brand-congruent.</li></ol><h2 id="Don’t-Break-the-Rules"><a href="#Don’t-Break-the-Rules" class="headerlink" title="Don’t Break the Rules"></a>Don’t Break the Rules</h2><p>Make sure your inserts are compliant with Amazon’s Terms of Services. A couple of reviews aren’t worth getting your seller account suspended. So be a good seller and <a href="https://sellercentral.amazon.com/gp/help/external/200386250" target="_blank" rel="external">don’t break the rules</a>. </p><p>You cannot offer a discount or any kind of incentive for a review. This is strictly against Amazon’s rules as we have mentioned in previous chapters.</p><p>And you have to encourage honest reviews – not strictly positive reviews.</p><figure class="image-bubble">                <div class="img-lightbox">                    <div class="overlay"></div>                    <img src="../resources/images/0069RVTdgy1fuonyljs3nj30n60ii0wu.jpg" alt="" title="">                </div>                <div class="image-caption"></div>            </figure><h2 id="What-to-Include-in-Product-Inserts-for-Amazon-Reviews"><a href="#What-to-Include-in-Product-Inserts-for-Amazon-Reviews" class="headerlink" title="What to Include in Product Inserts for Amazon Reviews"></a>What to Include in Product Inserts for Amazon Reviews</h2><p>Amazon Product insert cards are a great way to send a message to your customers because every one of your customers is guaranteed to see it. Whether they bother to read it or not will depend on a couple of things, listed below.</p><p>What is your product? If it is something low cost and basic, your customers will be less likely to read your insert card. However, if it has a higher cost, or is more complex, your customers will be more likely to read what you have to tell them.</p><p>Think Apple Iphone insert vs emoji pillow which one will you be more likely to read the insert card off?</p><p>Common mistakes when designing Amazon insert cards:</p><ol><li><p>Have 1 goal per insert card. If you have a list of things to tell your customer, then send it in a follow-up email using <strong><a href="https://secure.sellerlabs.com/aff//idevaffiliate.php?id=705_2" target="_blank" rel="external">feedback genius</a></strong> or similar automated email services.</p></li><li><p>Do NOT try to get the customer to try and buy from you on Amazon. This is a sure-fire way to get your Amazon seller account suspended.</p></li><li><p>Do NOT expect many people to act on what you ask them to do. If you can get a response rate of 5% to a message in your insert card, this is good.</p></li></ol><p>Below, I give you 4 different examples of Amazon Product insert cards and when and how you should use them to grow your Amazon FBA business. Feel free to copy the templates that I have provided for you.</p><h2 id="Amazon-Product-Insert-Cards"><a href="#Amazon-Product-Insert-Cards" class="headerlink" title="Amazon Product Insert Cards"></a>Amazon Product Insert Cards</h2><h3 id="1-Amazon-Product-Insert-Cards-Increase-Reviews"><a href="#1-Amazon-Product-Insert-Cards-Increase-Reviews" class="headerlink" title="1. Amazon Product Insert Cards: Increase Reviews"></a>1. Amazon Product Insert Cards: Increase Reviews</h3><p>With your first batch of inventory, your focus should be to rank your products and get as many reviews as possible. With this in mind, the aim of your insert cards should be to get customers to leave a product review. Below is an example of the type of insert card that you would use when you are launching a new product and seeking customer reviews. Feel free to copy it and use it as a template for your own Amazon product insert card.</p><figure class="image-bubble">                <div class="img-lightbox">                    <div class="overlay"></div>                    <img src="../resources/images/1-Amazon-Product-Insert-Cards.png" alt="Amazon-Product-Insert-Cards" title="">                </div>                <div class="image-caption">Amazon-Product-Insert-Cards</div>            </figure><h3 id="2-Amazon-Product-Insert-Cards-Increase-Sales-amp-Ranking"><a href="#2-Amazon-Product-Insert-Cards-Increase-Sales-amp-Ranking" class="headerlink" title="2. Amazon Product Insert Cards: Increase Sales &amp; Ranking"></a>2. Amazon Product Insert Cards: Increase Sales &amp; Ranking</h3><p>Once you get over 100 reviews on your product listing, your focus should switch from reviews to sales. Your aim should be to increase the sales of all your products off Amazon so that your ranking improves, which will, in turn, increase your organic sales further. Below is an example of an insert card that you can use to encourage customers to become repeat customers of your brand. Feel free to copy it and use it as a template for your own Amazon product insert card.</p><p>“Thank you for trusting us with your recent order. As a way of showing our appreciation, I would like to give you $5 OFF your next (Insert Brand Name) purchase from Amazon.”</p><figure class="image-bubble">                <div class="img-lightbox">                    <div class="overlay"></div>                    <img src="../resources/images/2-Amazon-Product-Insert-Cards.jpg" alt="example-Amazon-Product-Insert-Cards" title="">                </div>                <div class="image-caption">example-Amazon-Product-Insert-Cards</div>            </figure><h3 id="3-Amazon-Product-Insert-Cards-Branding"><a href="#3-Amazon-Product-Insert-Cards-Branding" class="headerlink" title="3. Amazon Product Insert Cards: Branding"></a>3. Amazon Product Insert Cards: Branding</h3><p>Once you have a wide selection of products ranking well on Amazon and they all have over 100 reviews, you may decide to start building your brand off Amazon. Sharing pictures of your customers using your products is a great way to start building a community around your brand. The third type of insert card that I use is for the sole purpose of branding. Below is an example of an insert card that you can use to encourage customers to become a major part of your brand. Feel free to copy it and use it as a template for your own Amazon product insert card.</p><p>“Thank you for trusting us with your recent order. At (Insert brand name) we simply love yoga. We would love if you could add your yoga pictures to our gallery www.yogapanda.com/gallery. Or our Instagram page www.instagram.com/yogapanda.”</p><figure class="image-bubble">                <div class="img-lightbox">                    <div class="overlay"></div>                    <img src="../resources/images/3-Amazon-Product-Insert-Cards.png" alt="Amazon-fba-Product-Insert-Cards" title="">                </div>                <div class="image-caption">Amazon-fba-Product-Insert-Cards</div>            </figure><h3 id="4-Amazon-Product-Insert-Cards-Growing-an-email-list"><a href="#4-Amazon-Product-Insert-Cards-Growing-an-email-list" class="headerlink" title="4. Amazon Product Insert Cards: Growing an email list"></a>4. Amazon Product Insert Cards: Growing an email list</h3><p>If you simply want to build an email list of your customers so that you can email them during your new product launches, then the best way to do this is by inviting them to a landing page, so that you capture their email addresses. Your product should retail for more than $20 for this to work adequately, as it is extremely unlikely that anyone will take out the warranty on products with a low-value. Below is an example of an insert card that you can use to encourage customers to sign up to your email list. Feel free to copy it and use it as a template for your own Amazon product insert card.</p><p>“At Yoga Panda we offer a <strong>FREE</strong> 1-year warranty on all of our products. This means that if your product breaks through no fault of your own we will replace it with a new one for <strong>FREE</strong>. To the avail of the Yoga Panda 1-year warranty, you must sign up for free within 1 week of making your purchase. Please visit www.yogapanda.com/warranty within 1 week of making your purchase and enter your name and email address to get covered.”</p>]]></content>
    
    <summary type="html">
    
      
      
        &lt;h2 id=&quot;How-to-Use-Amazon-Product-Inserts-for-Reviews&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;#How-to-Use-Amazon-Product-Inserts-for-Reviews&quot; class=&quot;headerlink&quot; title=&quot;Ho
      
    
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      <category term="Amazon" scheme="http://blog.inesoi.com/categories/Amazon/"/>
    
    
      <category term="amazon" scheme="http://blog.inesoi.com/tags/amazon/"/>
    
      <category term="review" scheme="http://blog.inesoi.com/tags/review/"/>
    
  </entry>
  
  <entry>
    <title>Buy One Get One 亚马逊 Promotion 实战经验及设定</title>
    <link href="http://blog.inesoi.com/amazon-seller-promotion.html"/>
    <id>http://blog.inesoi.com/amazon-seller-promotion.html</id>
    <published>2018-08-20T16:00:00.000Z</published>
    <updated>2018-08-31T16:34:25.210Z</updated>
    
    <content type="html"><![CDATA[<h2 id="Promotion"><a href="#Promotion" class="headerlink" title="Promotion"></a>Promotion</h2><p>时不时地设置些 Promotion，除了能增加购买率之外，也可以提高 Listing 的能见度。以下 BQool 归纳了创建Promotion 的步奏，提供各位卖家作参考。</p><p>[<figure class="image-bubble">                <div class="img-lightbox">                    <div class="overlay"></div>                    <img src="http://blog.bqool.cn/wp-content/uploads/image00-42.png" alt="Amazon advertising 设置](../resources/images/image00-42.png  " amazon="" advertising="" 设置")"="" title="">                </div>                <div class="image-caption">Amazon advertising 设置](../resources/images/image00-42.png  "Amazon advertising 设置")</div>            </figure></p><p>登入您的卖家帐号之后，在 <strong>Advertising</strong> 的标签下，点击 <strong>Create</strong>，进到选择Promotion的页面，总共有4种：</p><ul><li>Free shipping (免运费)</li><li>Money off (折扣)</li><li>Buy one get one (买一送一)</li><li>External Benefits (额外赠品)</li></ul><p><strong>Step 1: Conditions 以下有几种情况</strong></p><ol><li><p>Buyers Purchase 买家购买：</p><ul><li><p><strong>At least this quantity of items (至少 X 样商品)</strong>: 表示此促销方案只有在顾客购买X样商品时方可采用，您必须填入数字</p></li><li><p><strong>At least amount (in $) (至少X金额)</strong>: 表示此促销方案只有在顾客购买至少X金额时方可采用</p></li><li><p><strong>For every quantity of items purchased (每 X 样商品)</strong>: 顾客每购买X个商品即可得到此促销方案，这个选项仅适用于Money Off 与 Buy One Get One的促销类别</p></li></ul></li><li><p>Purchased Items 已购买商品：</p><p> Select a product list 挑选商品清单- 您可以创建新的清单 (点击 <strong>Create a new product selection</strong>)，或是挑选不在下拉选单中的清单 (点击 <strong>Select another</strong>)，若您想要在您库存中选择单个产品，点击 <strong>Entire catalog</strong></p></li><li><p>Buyer gets 买家得到：</p><ul><li>Money Off: 从下拉选单中选择一项</li><li>Percent off</li><li>Amount off (in $)</li><li>Fixed price for all items (in $): 此选项表示顾客每购买X项商品，将可享有固定金额的折扣，这个选项仅在您上面选择 <strong>For every quantity of items purchased (每 X 样商品)</strong> 时适用</li><li>Buy One Get One: 使用默认选项的 <strong>Free items</strong></li><li>External Benefits: 使用默认选项的 <strong>Post-order benefits</strong></li></ul></li><li><p>Applies to 适用于：</p><ul><li><strong>Money Off</strong>: 选择 <strong>Qualifying Item，</strong>点击 <strong>Select an ASIN</strong></li><li><strong>Buy One Get One</strong>: 选择 <strong>Qualifying Item，</strong>点击 <strong>Select an ASIN</strong> 来选择适用的品项。还要设置您附赠商品的数量</li><li><strong>External Benefits</strong>: 使用默认设置的 <strong>Purchased Items</strong></li></ul></li><li><p>Advanced Options 进阶选项：</p><p> <strong>Tiers</strong> (只适用于 Money Off 的促销): 创建重叠的促销方案套用于不同金额的 order，您可以创建最多9个方案。注意如果您选择 <strong>Applies to Qualifying Item</strong>，Tiers 的选项将无法套用。</p></li></ol><p><strong>Exclude Items 排除项目</strong>: 选择您想要排除在促销方案之外的产品，要选择不在下拉选单中的清单，<strong>请选择 Select another</strong>。</p><p><strong>Step 2: Scheduling 時程表</strong></p><p><strong>1. Date Range</strong>: 设定开始与结束的日期时间开始的时间必须要在未来四小时之后<br><strong>2. Identifier</strong>: 创建内部描述与 Tracking ID。Tracking ID 并不会显示给买家，仅供内部用途。</p><p><strong>Step 3: Additional Options 附加选项</strong></p><ol><li>Claim code: 选择 <strong>Claim code</strong> 来限制买家使用以取得优惠。点击 <strong>Claim code</strong> 来展开设定</li><li>Customize messaging 客制化讯息: 创建或客制给客户的讯息，并设置展示的先后顺序。点击 Customize messaging 来展开设定</li><li>设定完以上资讯，预览没有问题之后，点击 <strong>Submit</strong></li></ol><h2 id="一次性优惠码"><a href="#一次性优惠码" class="headerlink" title="一次性优惠码"></a>一次性优惠码</h2><ol><li><p>卖家後台点选 Promotion：[ Advertising ]  &gt; [ Promotions ]</p><p> <img src="http://blog.bqool.cn/wp-content/uploads/image13-2.png" alt="亚马逊一次性优惠码 设置亚马逊优惠代码" title="亚马逊一次性优惠码 设置亚马逊优惠代码"></p></li><li><p>点选 [ Percentage off ] → [Create]**</p><p> <img src="http://blog.bqool.cn/wp-content/uploads/QQ%E6%88%AA%E5%9B%BE20180420131825.jpg" alt="" title="设置亚马逊优惠代码"></p></li><li><p>点击 [ Create a new product selection ]**</p><p> <img src="http://blog.bqool.cn/wp-content/uploads/QQ%E6%88%AA%E5%9B%BE20180420132044.jpg" alt="" title="设置亚马逊优惠代码"></p></li><li><p>Create a new product selection</p><ul><li>Product Selection Type： 点选 ASIN List</li><li><p>按下 [ Create Product Selection ]</p><p><img src="http://blog.bqool.cn/wp-content/uploads/QQ%E6%88%AA%E5%9B%BE20180420133946.jpg" alt="" title="设置亚马逊优惠代码"></p></li></ul></li><li><p>Setup product selection details</p><ul><li><p>Product Selection Name / Tracking ID： 输入 Product_Review_Year_Month_Asin# (这是 BQool 建议输入的格式，您也可以自己创造自己的格式！)</p></li><li><p>Internal Description： 输入 Product Review Year Month ASIN#</p></li><li><p>ASIN List： 输入 ASIN</p></li><li><p>Submit： 按下 [Submit]</p><p><img src="http://blog.bqool.cn/wp-content/uploads/image12-3.png" alt="设置亚马逊优惠代码" title="设置亚马逊优惠代码"></p></li></ul></li><li><p>回到 [ Promotions ] &gt;  [ Percentage Off ]  &gt;  [ Create ]</p><p> <img src="http://blog.bqool.cn/wp-content/uploads/QQ%E6%88%AA%E5%9B%BE20180420131825.jpg" alt="" title="设置亚马逊优惠代码"></p></li><li><p>Step 1： Conditions</p><ul><li>Purchased Items： 选择刚建立的 product selection</li><li>Buyer gets： 选择 [ Percentage off ]</li><li><p>输入想要折价百分比</p><p><strong>（举例：如果你想要打 7 折，请输入 30；想要打 2 折，请输入 80，**</strong>千万不要写反，以免下场凄惨。）**</p><p><img src="http://blog.bqool.cn/wp-content/uploads/QQ%E6%88%AA%E5%9B%BE20180420132414.jpg" alt="" title="设置亚马逊优惠代码"></p></li></ul></li><li><p>Step 2： Scheduling</p><ul><li>End Date： 至少输入六个月或一年後的日期 （看您需要的日期）</li><li><p>Internal Description： 输入 Product Review year month ASIN</p><p><img src="http://blog.bqool.cn/wp-content/uploads/image02-17.png" alt="设置亚马逊优惠代码" title="设置亚马逊优惠代码"></p></li></ul></li><li><p>Step 3： Additional Options</p><ul><li>Internal Description：  自行输入</li><li>Claim Code： 请选 Single -Use</li><li>One redemption per customer： 请务必勾选</li><li><p>Detail page display text： 更新之后，默认不会显示</p><p><img src="http://blog.bqool.cn/wp-content/uploads/QQ%E6%88%AA%E5%9B%BE20180420134529.jpg" alt="" title="设置亚马逊优惠代码"></p></li></ul></li><li><p>Review Promotion → [Submit]</p><p><img src="http://blog.bqool.cn/wp-content/uploads/QQ%E6%88%AA%E5%9B%BE20180420134805.jpg" alt="" title="设置亚马逊优惠代码"></p></li><li><p>按下 [Manage Your Promotions]</p><p><img src="http://blog.bqool.cn/wp-content/uploads/image14-1.png" alt="设置亚马逊优惠代码" title="设置亚马逊优惠代码"></p></li><li><p>点击 [ Manage Promotion ] &gt; 选择 [ All ] &gt; 看到刚刚设定的促销</p><p><img src="http://blog.bqool.cn/wp-content/uploads/QQ%E6%88%AA%E5%9B%BE20180420135033.jpg" alt="QQ截图20180420135033"></p></li><li><p>按下 [Manage claim codes]</p><p><img src="http://blog.bqool.cn/wp-content/uploads/QQ%E6%88%AA%E5%9B%BE20180420135208.jpg" alt="QQ截图20180420135208"></p></li><li><p>Manage Claim Codes</p><ul><li>Group Name： 输入名称</li><li>Quantity： 输入数量 Quantity (看您想要给几个人，这边举例 8 位)</li><li>Create： 按下 [Create]</li><li>右下角下载 <strong>[ Download ]</strong> 即可！</li></ul><p><img src="http://blog.bqool.cn/wp-content/uploads/QQ%E6%88%AA%E5%9B%BE20180420135344.jpg" alt="" title="设置亚马逊优惠代码"></p><p><img src="http://blog.bqool.cn/wp-content/uploads/image01-18.png" alt="设置亚马逊优惠代码" title="设置亚马逊优惠代码"></p></li></ol><h2 id="Free-Shipping"><a href="#Free-Shipping" class="headerlink" title="Free Shipping"></a>Free Shipping</h2><p>首先我们先到 亚马逊卖家后台的 promotion 页面。</p><figure class="image-bubble">                <div class="img-lightbox">                    <div class="overlay"></div>                    <img src="http://blog.bqool.cn/wp-content/uploads/image10-5.png" alt="Amazon Promotion Free Shipping](../resources/images/image06-9.png  " amazon="" promotion="" free="" shipping")="" [![amazon="" shipping](..="" resources="" images="" image10-5.png="" "amazon="" shipping")"="" title="">                </div>                <div class="image-caption">Amazon Promotion Free Shipping](../resources/images/image06-9.png  "Amazon Promotion Free Shipping") [![Amazon Promotion Free Shipping](../resources/images/image10-5.png  "Amazon Promotion Free Shipping")</div>            </figure><p>进入到 promotion 的页面后，我们要看的是红色框框内的四个 promotion 的设置。各别为 Free Shipping, Money Off, Buy One Get One 和 External Benefits，promotion 设置讲解的顺序为从左到右。</p><p>[<figure class="image-bubble">                <div class="img-lightbox">                    <div class="overlay"></div>                    <img src="http://blog.bqool.cn/wp-content/uploads/image11-5.png" alt="Amazon Promotion Free Shipping](../resources/images/image11-5.png  " amazon="" promotion="" free="" shipping")"="" title="">                </div>                <div class="image-caption">Amazon Promotion Free Shipping](../resources/images/image11-5.png  "Amazon Promotion Free Shipping")</div>            </figure></p><p>现在先来介绍 Free Shipping ( 免运费 ) 的设置，点击 Create</p><p>[<figure class="image-bubble">                <div class="img-lightbox">                    <div class="overlay"></div>                    <img src="http://blog.bqool.cn/wp-content/uploads/image05-16.png" alt="Amazon Promotion Free Shipping](../resources/images/image05-16.png  " amazon="" promotion="" free="" shipping")"="" title="">                </div>                <div class="image-caption">Amazon Promotion Free Shipping](../resources/images/image05-16.png  "Amazon Promotion Free Shipping")</div>            </figure></p><p>进入到 Create a promotion: Free Shipping 页面，最重要的规则设置莫非于设置 Conditions</p><p>BQool 贴心叮咛：卖家在设置 promotion 时，必须要记得第一步骤的第一选项 Buyer purchases ，是主宰着整个 Step 1 promotion 的设定，那么填写的优先顺序是要从上到下，因为上层的设置都会影响到下方的选项。Free Shipping 的 promotion 虽然没这么明显的显示出设定上的优先顺序，但是其他 promotion 的设置像是 money off 等，读者们就会发觉这情况了。</p><p>[<figure class="image-bubble">                <div class="img-lightbox">                    <div class="overlay"></div>                    <img src="http://blog.bqool.cn/wp-content/uploads/image01-35.png" alt="Amazon Promotion Free Shipping](../resources/images/image01-35.png  " amazon="" promotion="" free="" shipping")"="" title="">                </div>                <div class="image-caption">Amazon Promotion Free Shipping](../resources/images/image01-35.png  "Amazon Promotion Free Shipping")</div>            </figure></p><p>当选择 Buyer purchases ( 红框内 ) 的选项时， Free Shipping 给你个二选一的选择</p><ul><li>At least amount ( in $ ) – 意思是说买家最少要买多少钱的商品才会有这优惠</li><li>At least this quantity of items – 意思是说买家最少要买多少个商品才会有这优惠</li></ul><p>Buyer purchases 的用意是买家要先符合你设定的具备条件，才可以享有这优惠。<br>选择好规则后，在绿色的框框内依照选择的规则输入最少价钱或是最少商品的数值(数字就好)，比如说：最少价钱 50刀，或者是最少商品 3个。</p><p>[<figure class="image-bubble">                <div class="img-lightbox">                    <div class="overlay"></div>                    <img src="http://blog.bqool.cn/wp-content/uploads/image06-10.png" alt="Amazon Promotion Free Shipping](../resources/images/image06-10.png  " amazon="" promotion="" free="" shipping")"="" title="">                </div>                <div class="image-caption">Amazon Promotion Free Shipping](../resources/images/image06-10.png  "Amazon Promotion Free Shipping")</div>            </figure></p><p>[<figure class="image-bubble">                <div class="img-lightbox">                    <div class="overlay"></div>                    <img src="http://blog.bqool.cn/wp-content/uploads/image00-47.png" alt="Amazon Promotion Free Shipping](../resources/images/image00-47.png  " amazon="" promotion="" free="" shipping")"="" title="">                </div>                <div class="image-caption">Amazon Promotion Free Shipping](../resources/images/image00-47.png  "Amazon Promotion Free Shipping")</div>            </figure></p><p>选择完 Buyer purchase 后，卖家需要填写以下栏位</p><p>A. Purchased items：卖家在这选择哪些产品才享有 promotion</p><p>B. Buyer gets：对买家的优惠，这里是默认 Free Shipping</p><p>C. Applies to：哪些产品可以有这 promotion，这里是默认 purchased items (购买的商品)</p><p>[<figure class="image-bubble">                <div class="img-lightbox">                    <div class="overlay"></div>                    <img src="http://blog.bqool.cn/wp-content/uploads/image08-11.png" alt="Amazon Promotion Free Shipping](../resources/images/image08-11.png  " amazon="" promotion="" free="" shipping")"="" title="">                </div>                <div class="image-caption">Amazon Promotion Free Shipping](../resources/images/image08-11.png  "Amazon Promotion Free Shipping")</div>            </figure></p><p>D. Qualifying Shipping options：卖家可以在这打勾勾选择免费寄送的寄送方式有哪些</p><p>[<figure class="image-bubble">                <div class="img-lightbox">                    <div class="overlay"></div>                    <img src="http://blog.bqool.cn/wp-content/uploads/image03-25.png" alt="Amazon Promotion Free Shipping](../resources/images/image03-25.png  " amazon="" promotion="" free="" shipping")"="" title="">                </div>                <div class="image-caption">Amazon Promotion Free Shipping](../resources/images/image03-25.png  "Amazon Promotion Free Shipping")</div>            </figure></p><p>E. Advance Options: 每个promotion 的方案都有 Advance Options，点击后就会出现下方 F 的选项，那每个 promotion 的 Advance Options 显示的选项都不大一样。</p><p>F. Advance Options- Exclude Items: 在 Free Shipping，卖家可以在这排除掉不要参加promotion 的商品。</p><p>步骤一结束之后，卖家们就可以到步骤二选择您要 promotion 开始和结束的日期与时间，这部份较简单易懂，所以就不多说了。</p><p>[<figure class="image-bubble">                <div class="img-lightbox">                    <div class="overlay"></div>                    <img src="http://blog.bqool.cn/wp-content/uploads/image04-23.png" alt="Amazon Promotion Free Shipping](../resources/images/image04-23.png  " amazon="" promotion="" free="" shipping")"="" title="">                </div>                <div class="image-caption">Amazon Promotion Free Shipping](../resources/images/image04-23.png  "Amazon Promotion Free Shipping")</div>            </figure></p><p>步骤三：Additional Options，这部份是用来设置商品页面上的促销讯息，卖家可以自行更改这里面的内容，如果不想要自己改写促销讯息的话，使用亚马逊的默认设置就行了，如果卖家需要使用 claim code 的功能，也可以在步骤 3 这启用 claim code。</p><figure class="image-bubble">                <div class="img-lightbox">                    <div class="overlay"></div>                    <img src="../resources/images/image09-6.png" alt="Amazon Promotion Free Shipping" title="">                </div>                <div class="image-caption">Amazon Promotion Free Shipping</div>            </figure><p>三个步骤完成后，卖家可以 review 自己的 pormotion 设定，再 submit 结束 promotion 设置。</p><p>[<figure class="image-bubble">                <div class="img-lightbox">                    <div class="overlay"></div>                    <img src="http://blog.bqool.cn/wp-content/uploads/image02-31.png" alt="Amazon Promotion Free Shipping](../resources/images/image02-31.png  " amazon="" promotion="" free="" shipping")"="" title="">                </div>                <div class="image-caption">Amazon Promotion Free Shipping](../resources/images/image02-31.png  "Amazon Promotion Free Shipping")</div>            </figure></p><p>[<figure class="image-bubble">                <div class="img-lightbox">                    <div class="overlay"></div>                    <img src="http://blog.bqool.cn/wp-content/uploads/image07-8.png" alt="Amazon Promotion Free Shipping](../resources/images/image07-8.png  " amazon="" promotion="" free="" shipping")"="" title="">                </div>                <div class="image-caption">Amazon Promotion Free Shipping](../resources/images/image07-8.png  "Amazon Promotion Free Shipping")</div>            </figure></p><p>以上是 Free Shipping promotion 的例子，所有的 promotion 步骤二和步骤三设置大致都是一样的 ( 除了External Benefits 会有点不同 )，所以后续三篇的 promotion介绍就不会详细描述这些步骤的设定，而是提供各式各样的 promotion 架设范例让各位参考。敬启期待。</p><h2 id="Buy-One-Get-One"><a href="#Buy-One-Get-One" class="headerlink" title="Buy One Get One"></a>Buy One Get One</h2><p>请先点击 Create 并进入规则架设页面。买家结账 $20 美金以上即可享有指定免费商品一份。</p><p>[<figure class="image-bubble">                <div class="img-lightbox">                    <div class="overlay"></div>                    <img src="http://blog.bqool.cn/wp-content/uploads/image04-24.png" alt="Buy One Get One 亚马逊 Promotion 实战经验及设定](../resources/images/image04-24.png  " buy="" one="" get="" 亚马逊="" promotion="" 实战经验及设定")"="" title="">                </div>                <div class="image-caption">Buy One Get One 亚马逊 Promotion 实战经验及设定](../resources/images/image04-24.png  "Buy One Get One 亚马逊 Promotion 实战经验及设定")</div>            </figure></p><p>买一送一 ，或是买多送一 (结账两个商品以上，其中一个变成免费)。</p><p>[<figure class="image-bubble">                <div class="img-lightbox">                    <div class="overlay"></div>                    <img src="http://blog.bqool.cn/wp-content/uploads/image03-26.png" alt="手动制作 Feedback & Review 链接](../resources/images/image03-26.png  " 手动制作="" feedback="" &="" review="" 链接")"="" title="">                </div>                <div class="image-caption">手动制作 Feedback & Review 链接](../resources/images/image03-26.png  "手动制作 Feedback & Review 链接")</div>            </figure></p><p>够买两个以上有 promotion 的商品，赠送指定商品一份。</p><p>[<figure class="image-bubble">                <div class="img-lightbox">                    <div class="overlay"></div>                    <img src="http://blog.bqool.cn/wp-content/uploads/image01-36.png" alt="手动制作 Feedback & Review 链接](../resources/images/image01-36.png  " 手动制作="" feedback="" &="" review="" 链接")"="" title="">                </div>                <div class="image-caption">手动制作 Feedback & Review 链接](../resources/images/image01-36.png  "手动制作 Feedback & Review 链接")</div>            </figure></p><p>买家购买三个 promotion 的商品，其中两个 promotion 的商品是免费的。</p><p>[<figure class="image-bubble">                <div class="img-lightbox">                    <div class="overlay"></div>                    <img src="http://blog.bqool.cn/wp-content/uploads/image02-32.png" alt="手动制作 Feedback & Review 链接](../resources/images/image02-32.png  " 手动制作="" feedback="" &="" review="" 链接")"="" title="">                </div>                <div class="image-caption">手动制作 Feedback & Review 链接](../resources/images/image02-32.png  "手动制作 Feedback & Review 链接")</div>            </figure></p><p>买家购买3个 promotion 的商品，可以享有指定免费商品一份。</p><p>[<figure class="image-bubble">                <div class="img-lightbox">                    <div class="overlay"></div>                    <img src="http://blog.bqool.cn/wp-content/uploads/image00-48.png" alt="手动制作 Feedback & Review 链接](../resources/images/image00-48.png  " 手动制作="" feedback="" &="" review="" 链接")"="" title="">                </div>                <div class="image-caption">手动制作 Feedback & Review 链接](../resources/images/image00-48.png  "手动制作 Feedback & Review 链接")</div>            </figure></p><p>除了建立 Promotion 之外，技巧性的关闭 Promotion 也是十分重要的！</p>]]></content>
    
    <summary type="html">
    
      
      
        &lt;h2 id=&quot;Promotion&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;#Promotion&quot; class=&quot;headerlink&quot; title=&quot;Promotion&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;Promotion&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;时不时地设置些 Promotion，除了能增加购买率之外，也可以提高 Listing
      
    
    </summary>
    
      <category term="Amazon" scheme="http://blog.inesoi.com/categories/Amazon/"/>
    
    
      <category term="amazon" scheme="http://blog.inesoi.com/tags/amazon/"/>
    
  </entry>
  
  <entry>
    <title>Tips &amp; Tricks for Shipping Smarter while Saving Time and Money</title>
    <link href="http://blog.inesoi.com/shpping-from-china.html"/>
    <id>http://blog.inesoi.com/shpping-from-china.html</id>
    <published>2018-08-19T16:00:00.000Z</published>
    <updated>2018-08-31T16:34:25.268Z</updated>
    
    <content type="html"><![CDATA[<p>We are so excited to have you on board.</p><p>You are on the best way to ship from China.</p><p>The Internet makes it easier for more accurate research and understanding various options available to you and your business. The more you know, the better position you’re in to make the best possible decision.</p><p>If you are reading this, we’re going to make the assumption that you are an intelligent importer. You like to plan, prepare and think ahead. You know preparation is the mother of opportunity and prevention is better than cure.</p><p>You are looking for a close business partner.</p><p>As an international forwarding agent, CFC is serving both exporters in China and importers around the world. We’ve been working together with most of our customers for years.</p><p>We know their business. We know what they want. We give them special attention when they ask for help and anticipate issues before truly happen, though we have had a couple of problems over the years. Maybe we can’t always do everything they need, but we know how to find others to help.</p><p>We’ve seen more and more importers are seeking logistics solutions from local shipping companies like us, instead of from their supplier or freight forwarder in their countries.</p><p><em>They are benefiting from their choices.</em></p><blockquote><p>We’d love to provide international logistics &amp; transportation services to help more importers save time &amp; money, so they can focus on more important work to do. Or just leverage more time to spend with their family.</p></blockquote><p>That’s why we created this blog covering current industry trends, hot topics and best practices, perspectives and commentary. Whether you’re just getting familiar with supply chain issues or you’re a seasoned expert, this is your place.</p><p>In this blog we’ll share <strong>our knowledge and practical experiences</strong> about the international shipping industry, especially for China imports. Hope do some help to those who’re interested in international logistics and transportation.</p><p>We will be adding and updating information often. Be sure to come back to get the latest tips &amp; tricks on China shipping. Below shows you some of our popular subjects.</p><h3 id="Basic-Guide"><a href="#Basic-Guide" class="headerlink" title="Basic Guide"></a>Basic Guide</h3><ul><li><a href="https://cargofromchina.com/isf/" title="ISF 10+2 Filing" target="_blank" rel="external">ISF</a> (US)</li><li><a href="https://cargofromchina.com/hs-code/" title="Understanding HS Code in International Trade" target="_blank" rel="external">HS Code</a></li><li><a href="https://cargofromchina.com/shipping-glossary/" title="Shipping Glossary" target="_blank" rel="external">Glossary</a></li><li><a href="https://cargofromchina.com/incoterms/" title="Importing from China: Incoterms Guide" target="_blank" rel="external">Incoterms</a></li><li><a href="https://cargofromchina.com/sea-air-rail/" title="Cargo Types by Sea, Air, and Rail" target="_blank" rel="external">Cargo Types</a></li><li><a href="https://cargofromchina.com/bill-of-lading/" title="Bill of Lading: Definition, Template, Q&amp;A" target="_blank" rel="external">Bill of Lading</a></li><li><a href="https://cargofromchina.com/eori-number/" title="EORI Number Q&amp;A" target="_blank" rel="external">EORI number</a> (EU)</li><li><a href="https://cargofromchina.com/insurance/" title="Cargo Insurance" target="_blank" rel="external">Marine Insurance</a></li><li><a href="https://cargofromchina.com/packaging/" title="Packaging Guide for China Freight" target="_blank" rel="external">Cargo Packaging</a></li><li><a href="https://cargofromchina.com/certificate-of-origin/" title="Certificate of Origin from China (Samples)" target="_blank" rel="external">Certificate of Origin</a></li><li><a href="https://cargofromchina.com/shipping-documents/" title="Shipping Documents" target="_blank" rel="external">Shipping Documents</a></li><li><a href="https://cargofromchina.com/freight-forwarder/" title="What is a Freight Forwarder and What does It Mean to You?" target="_blank" rel="external">Freight Forwarder Job Description</a></li></ul><h3 id="Premium-Guide"><a href="#Premium-Guide" class="headerlink" title="Premium Guide"></a>Premium Guide</h3><ul><li><a href="https://cargofromchina.com/transit-time/" title="One-Stop Transit Time Finder for China Freight" target="_blank" rel="external">Transit Time</a></li><li><a href="https://cargofromchina.com/shipping-delays/" title="Why Your Shipping Delays?" target="_blank" rel="external">Cargo Delays</a></li><li><a href="https://cargofromchina.com/shipping-routes/" title="Shipping Routes from China" target="_blank" rel="external">Ocean Routes</a></li><li><a href="https://cargofromchina.com/shipping-rates/" title="How Shipping Rates are Calculated and Why Change so often?" target="_blank" rel="external">Shipping Rates</a></li><li><a href="https://cargofromchina.com/why-fob/" title="How to Choose Shipping Terms, FOB or CIF?" target="_blank" rel="external">Buy FOB Sell CIF</a></li><li><a href="https://cargofromchina.com/holiday-shipping/" title="Chinese New Year Shipping Q&amp;A" target="_blank" rel="external">Holiday Shipping</a></li><li><a href="https://cargofromchina.com/fcl-lcl/" title="Ocean Freight Shipping: FCL or LCL?" target="_blank" rel="external">Buy FCL NOT LCL</a></li><li><a href="https://cargofromchina.com/shipping-from-china/" title="Shipping from China: The Complete Guide" target="_blank" rel="external">Shipping from China</a></li><li><a href="https://cargofromchina.com/import/" title="Basic Guide to Importing from China" target="_blank" rel="external">Importing from China</a></li><li><a href="https://cargofromchina.com/save-freight-cost/" title="How to Save Freight Cost when Shipping from China?" target="_blank" rel="external">How to Save Freight Cost?</a></li><li><a href="https://cargofromchina.com/plastic-pallets-vs-wooden-pallets/" title="How to choose pallets in shipping: Plastic vs. Wooden?" target="_blank" rel="external">Plastic Pallet vs. Wooden Pallet</a></li><li><a href="https://cargofromchina.com/landed-cost/" title="How to Calculate Landed Cost When Importing from China?" target="_blank" rel="external">How to Calculate Total Landed Cost?</a></li><li><a href="https://cargofromchina.com/chargeable-weight-calculator/" title="Chargeable Weight Calculator for Air Freight and LCL Sea Freight" target="_blank" rel="external">How to Calculate Dimensional Weight?</a></li><li><a href="https://cargofromchina.com/local-freight-forwarder/" title="Why You Should Find a Local Freight Forwarder in China?" target="_blank" rel="external">Why You Should Find a Local Freight Forwarder?</a></li><li><a href="https://cargofromchina.com/free-shipping/" title="Why Worldwide Free Shipping Make Sense For China Seller?" target="_blank" rel="external">Why Worldwide Free Shipping Make Sense For China Seller?</a></li><li><a href="https://cargofromchina.com/freight-quote/" title="What information you need to provide for an accurate freight quote?" target="_blank" rel="external">What information you need to provide for an accurate freight quote?</a></li></ul><h3 id="Shipping-by-Region-example"><a href="#Shipping-by-Region-example" class="headerlink" title="Shipping by Region (example)"></a>Shipping by Region (example)</h3><ul><li><a href="https://cargofromchina.com/china-usa/" title="Shipping from China to USA: Q&amp;A" target="_blank" rel="external">USA</a></li><li><a href="https://cargofromchina.com/china-india/" title="Shipping from China to India" target="_blank" rel="external">India</a></li><li><a href="https://cargofromchina.com/china-africa/" title="Shipping from China to Africa" target="_blank" rel="external">Africa</a></li><li><a href="https://cargofromchina.com/china-europe/" title="Shipping from China to Europe" target="_blank" rel="external">Europe</a></li><li><a href="https://cargofromchina.com/china-canada/" title="Shipping from China to Canada" target="_blank" rel="external">Canada</a></li><li><a href="https://cargofromchina.com/china-pacific/" title="Shipping from China to Australia" target="_blank" rel="external">Australia</a></li></ul><h3 id="Resources"><a href="#Resources" class="headerlink" title="Resources"></a>Resources</h3><ul><li><a href="https://cargofromchina.com/books/" title="Recommended Books about China, Chinese, Culture, and Business" target="_blank" rel="external">Recommended Books</a></li><li><a href="https://cargofromchina.com/central-asia-rail-station-code/" title="Central Asia Rail Station Code" target="_blank" rel="external">Central Asia Rail Station Code</a></li></ul><p>We supply cargo and freight transportation solutions for all shipping needs from China, with competitive charges. As a customer-driven company, we will:</p><p><em>1. Keep You Informed</em><br>One way to help our customers feel confident is to keep them well informed each step of the shipping process. You’ll be the first to know what’s the status of your goods and what we are discussing with your supplier.</p><p><em>2. Offer Options and Suggest the Best</em><br>Having the ability to choose a preferred shipping option gives our customers an added sense of control. Not only regular carrier and route, but also a better suggestion at the right time.</p><p><em>3. ETA Notifications Accurately</em><br>Keeping the timing of arrival notifications as accurate as possible is an essential part of instilling confidence in our customers. ETA may delay due to objective reasons, but we’ll keep you noted so you can get ready for that.</p><p><em>4. Make It Personal</em><br>You are working together with a professional team, while you are communicating with a kind person. This helps our customers feel more confident that their cargo is in good hands.</p><p>You can use three online methods to get in touch with us, or request a no-cost, hassle-free rate quote. Pick the one you prefer.</p><ul><li><a href="https://cargofromchina.com/quote/" target="_blank" rel="external">Quote form</a> (preferred)</li><li>direct email</li><li>Right corner of every page</li></ul><p>CFC can provide competitive quotes such as:</p><ul><li><em>Documents or parcels</em> by courier delivery</li><li><em>Small samples</em> by courier delivery</li><li><em>Medium and big samples</em> by air freight or LCL sea freight</li><li><em>Small shipments</em> by LCL sea freight</li><li><em>Container shipments</em> by FCL sea freight</li><li><em>Urgent or valuable shipments</em> by air freight</li><li><em>FCL or LCL shipments</em> by rail freight</li><li>Or any questions, comments</li></ul><p>It’s important to secure reliable and timely service providers to insure excellent customer satisfaction. With the right information and partner, you can safely and profitably import from China. By working with us, you can save time and money plus placing more control directly in your hands.</p><blockquote><p>Our lives have been enriched by the endless opportunities that you have allowed us to experience. Thank you for all the feedback, support, praise, criticism, questions, suggestions and comments – you’ve been inspiring us and keeping us going!</p></blockquote><p>We are ready to take the chance to make your life easier.</p><p>We are always happy to hear from you and help in any way possible!</p><p>China is for you!</p>]]></content>
    
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        &lt;p&gt;We are so excited to have you on board.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;You are on the best way to ship from China.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The Internet makes it easier for more a
      
    
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      <category term="Trade" scheme="http://blog.inesoi.com/categories/Trade/"/>
    
    
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  </entry>
  
  <entry>
    <title>How to Import Small Quantity from China - Guide for Business Starter</title>
    <link href="http://blog.inesoi.com/import-from-china.html"/>
    <id>http://blog.inesoi.com/import-from-china.html</id>
    <published>2018-08-18T16:00:00.000Z</published>
    <updated>2018-08-29T15:43:10.722Z</updated>
    
    <content type="html"><![CDATA[<h1 id="How-to-Import-Small-Quantity-from-China-Guide-for-Business-Starter"><a href="#How-to-Import-Small-Quantity-from-China-Guide-for-Business-Starter" class="headerlink" title="How to Import Small Quantity from China: Guide for Business Starter"></a>How to Import Small Quantity from China: Guide for Business Starter</h1><p>We got many inquiries from people who <strong>want to start a small business</strong> by importing small quantity products from China, since our website <a href="https://www.inesoi.com" target="_blank" rel="external">https://www.inesoi.com</a> started. Most of them do not have much relevant experience, and just consider it’s very simple: find a Chinese supplier, buy products in low price, ship home and sell high price in local market.</p><p>But the truth is importing small quantity directly from China is <strong>never that easy</strong>. You will face many different problems, such as shipping fee higher than product’s value, or your order is much less than supplier’s MOQ. In some circumstance, you may have to give up your wonderful plan of starting the new business.</p><p>In this article, we will give a complete introduction of how to import <strong>small quantity products</strong> from China and explain some problems you may have.</p><h2 id="1-What-Is-Small-Business-And-What-Is-Small-Quantity-Buyers"><a href="#1-What-Is-Small-Business-And-What-Is-Small-Quantity-Buyers" class="headerlink" title="1.What Is Small Business? And What Is Small Quantity Buyers?"></a>1.What Is Small Business? And What Is Small Quantity Buyers?</h2><p>Different companies and people have different definitions about small business. Most sourcing agents or consulting companies define small business as those who import less than USD 500,000 annually. But for many business starters, this amount is way too high, and maybe they still can’t reach after 5 years. That’s why it’s not easy for small starter business to find a suitable sourcing or consulting company who can offer them relevant service.</p><p>I’d like to define customers who purchase USD 5,000-50,000 (including different kinds of products) in one order as <strong>Small Business</strong>. With this amount, the shipment volume usually is from 5CBM to a 40HQ container. This amount usually can reach factory’s MOQ, and can buy from them directly.</p><p><strong>4 to 5 CBM</strong> normally will be the most suitable minimum volume for LCL (Less than Container Load) shipping. If less than this, the whole export &amp; import process is complicated and costs lot of money, which means the average cost for each product will be high.</p><p><strong>Small Quantity Buyers</strong> refer to those who buy less than $2,000 per order, and who just start new business (I mentioned in the beginning) are also a part of them. <strong>This article will more focus on helping this group of people.</strong></p><h2 id="2-What-Kind-of-Products-Are-Suitable-for-Small-Quantity-Buyer"><a href="#2-What-Kind-of-Products-Are-Suitable-for-Small-Quantity-Buyer" class="headerlink" title="2.What Kind of Products Are Suitable for Small Quantity Buyer?"></a>2.What Kind of Products Are Suitable for Small Quantity Buyer?</h2><p>For small business importer, those who buy more than USD 5,000 per order, they must know what to import and how to sell. But small business starter probably even have no idea what kind products to start with first.</p><h3 id="a-High-Value-or-Small-Size-Products"><a href="#a-High-Value-or-Small-Size-Products" class="headerlink" title="a. High-Value or Small Size Products"></a>a. High-Value or Small Size Products</h3><p>Shipping is always a big problem for small quantity importers. Because their shipping volume is always too less for LCL, usually less than 2 CBM, and have to choose air freight or express, which cost 8-10 times higher than LCL sea freight.</p><p>Products with large size or large package, like mug and teddy bear, is not suitable for small quantity importers, because both express and air freight fee is charged by dimension weight (length<em>height</em>width).</p><figure class="image-bubble">                <div class="img-lightbox">                    <div class="overlay"></div>                    <img src="../resources/images/accessories-bracelets-cute-fashion-Favim.com-710653.jpg" alt="fashion accessories" title="">                </div>                <div class="image-caption">fashion accessories</div>            </figure><p>Fashion accessories are good choice for small quantity buyer</p><p>This means your shipping cost is even higher than products’ value, but your competitors import by LCL sea freight which costs 80% less than you. Then you have no chance to compete with them in local market.</p><p>So for small quantity importers, high-value, small-sized products are better choice. Shipping cost won’t be high, sometimes only 10% of product’s value. Such as fashion accessories, small <a href="https://www.inesoi.com/product-category/travel-accessories/passport-holders/" target="_blank" rel="external">passport holders</a>, watches, etc. Most importers of them won’t choose sea shipping because of the timeliness, so no need to worry about your shipping cost is higher than competitors.</p><h3 id="b-Choose-Interesting-Products-Instead-of-Normal-Items"><a href="#b-Choose-Interesting-Products-Instead-of-Normal-Items" class="headerlink" title="b. Choose Interesting Products, Instead of Normal Items"></a>b. Choose Interesting Products, Instead of Normal Items</h3><p>Small quantity buyers can try to find some <strong>special and interesting products</strong>, and avoid those common products which can be bought everywhere.</p><p>Some people think that daily used products, such as socks, are very easy to be sold as everyone needs them, but it’s not true. Because there must be numerous people importing and selling these items with low profit, and it will be hard to compete with them. But you can think about importing some special socks, such as “non-slip children socks”, or socks with good designs.</p><p>Common products in daily life are not suitable for small business, either. For instance, we received many inquiries of from different countries (European and Middle East countries), and they want to import 20GP container of A4 printing papers.</p><figure class="image-bubble">                <div class="img-lightbox">                    <div class="overlay"></div>                    <img src="../resources/images/toilet-paper-1024x768.jpg" alt="toilet paper" title="">                </div>                <div class="image-caption">toilet paper</div>            </figure><p>Interesting toilet paper with pictures printed</p><p>But they only found that the total cost to import from China has no big difference from the price in their countries. Because this kind of product has no much added value, and the cost is mostly depending on raw material. So the price is very transparent, even with large demanded quantity.</p><p>Toilet paper is also a very common product, but our Czech customer select those with <strong>interesting designs printed</strong>: such as US dollar, Euro, Heller, and even Kama Sutra. These special toilet paper can be easily sold in several times higher price than the common one.</p><h2 id="3-How-to-Find-Chinese-Suppliers-for-Small-Quantity-Buyers"><a href="#3-How-to-Find-Chinese-Suppliers-for-Small-Quantity-Buyers" class="headerlink" title="3.How to Find Chinese Suppliers for Small Quantity Buyers?"></a>3.How to Find Chinese Suppliers for Small Quantity Buyers?</h2><p>Most small quantity buyers find Chinese suppliers <strong>on Internet</strong>. Even customers who buy larger quantity (around USD 30,000-50,000 for each order), they seldom actually come to China for finding suppliers, except attending some fairs.</p><p>First is the high cost, including air ticket, hotel fee, and traffic allowance, and it will cost totally around USD 4,000 for a week visiting China. Second is finding a good Chinese supplier is a tough task, except you go directly to some places like fairs or <a href="https://blog.inesoi.com/yiwu-wholesale-market-complete-guide.html">Yiwu wholesale market</a>. Or you already contacted suppliers before coming to China.</p><h3 id="a-Alibaba"><a href="#a-Alibaba" class="headerlink" title="a. Alibaba"></a>a. Alibaba</h3><p>No matter for large buyers or small quantity buyers, searching Chinese suppliers on Alibaba is the best choice. But If you are buying too small quantity (less than USD 400 for each item), Alibaba suppliers probably can’t sell you because usually they have higher MOQ.</p><p>Maybe you can pay for products in higher price, and sometimes suppliers will sell you. If not, you have to turn to DHgate or Aliexpress. Don’t spend much time on persuading them that you <strong>will buy big quantity</strong> in future, and this is for trial. Because Chinese suppliers are hearing this from clients every day, and it doesn’t work at all.</p><p>If you want to learn how to find good suppliers on Alibaba, please check another article: <a href="https://blog.inesoi.com/how-to-source-good-suppliers-on-alibaba-completely-guide.html"><strong>Tips for Sourcing Good Suppliers on Alibaba. You Never Knew Before.</strong></a></p><h3 id="b-Dhgate-and-Aliexpress"><a href="#b-Dhgate-and-Aliexpress" class="headerlink" title="b. Dhgate and Aliexpress"></a>b. Dhgate and Aliexpress</h3><p>If the Alibaba supplier’s MOQ is still hard for you to reach, maybe you can only go to DHgate and Aliexpress. Usually DHgate tends to <strong>small quantity wholesalers</strong> whose buying quantity is between Alibaba and Aliexpress. Aliexpress more tends to <strong>retailers</strong>, though it claims itself for online wholesale, and this truth is known by most Chinese suppliers.</p><h2 id="4-How-to-Ship-Cargo-from-China-When-Buying-Small-Quantity"><a href="#4-How-to-Ship-Cargo-from-China-When-Buying-Small-Quantity" class="headerlink" title="4.How to Ship Cargo from China When Buying Small Quantity?"></a>4.How to Ship Cargo from China When Buying Small Quantity?</h2><p>I have to say that shipping way is really a big problem for small quantity buyers as mentioned in the beginning. Sometimes small quantity have to give up importing from China because express is the only way to ship, and it’s too expensive.</p><h3 id="a-International-Express-and-Air-Freight"><a href="#a-International-Express-and-Air-Freight" class="headerlink" title="a. International Express and Air Freight"></a>a. International Express and Air Freight</h3><p>International express is suitable for cargoes under 300kg, while air freight is suitable for over 300kg. But air freight needs the same import &amp; export processes as sea freight. You also need to pick up your cargo at the airport.</p><p>Hazardous articles such as liquid, power and products with battery cannot be shipped by air in cargo. Balancing scooter is also one among them. (You can check another article-<strong><a href="https://blog.inesoi.com/importing-balancing-scooter-china-problems-know.html">Importing Balancing Scooter from China: Problems You Should Know</a></strong>)</p><h3 id="b-LCL-Companies-That-Offer-All-in-Price-Shipping-Service"><a href="#b-LCL-Companies-That-Offer-All-in-Price-Shipping-Service" class="headerlink" title="b. LCL Companies That Offer All-in Price Shipping Service"></a>b. LCL Companies That Offer All-in Price Shipping Service</h3><p>This kind of LCL companies are the best choice for small quantity buyers. They usually are specialized in <strong>certain ports or areas</strong>, and offer all-in price shipping service. They will handle all custom and shipping process, and you just need to pick up your cargo in their warehouse, or sometimes they can deliver to door. Their price is very low even you ship 0.5CBM, because the container is shared by 10 to 40 clients.</p><p>(You can learn more by check another article: <a href="https://blog.inesoi.com/how-to-ship-products-when-import-from-china.html"><strong>How to Ship Products When Import from China: Complete Guide</strong></a></p><p>But these kind of companies are <strong>hard to find</strong>, not existing in every area or cities. You’d better ask some experienced importers in your country, and maybe they know.</p><p>I know some of this kind shipping companies, and I’d like to share them. You can leave your email and country in the comment, and I will send you contact information via Email.  </p><p>There are companies offering $80/CBM to Malaysia &amp; Singapore, delivering to door; $280/CBM to Kenya but you have to pick up cargos at their warehouse in Nairobi; $280/CBM to Sydney/Melbourne warehouse, etc. The rate is just for reference.</p><h3 id="c-Consolidate-Cargoes-from-Different-Suppliers-And-Ship-Together"><a href="#c-Consolidate-Cargoes-from-Different-Suppliers-And-Ship-Together" class="headerlink" title="c.Consolidate Cargoes from Different Suppliers And Ship Together"></a>c.Consolidate Cargoes from Different Suppliers And Ship Together</h3><p>If you are buying from <strong>different suppliers</strong>, then you can think about consolidate them in one shipment, and you will save shipping cost. Because even use international express, heavy cargo is charged in lower price/kg than light one.</p><p>It makes more sense for sea freight. If you import 5 different products from 5 suppliers, each product 0.5CBM, then you can consider to consolidate them together by LCL sea shipping. By doing this, your shipping cost will be 80% less than express. Or you have to pay for 5 international express separately, because there’s no cheaper solution.</p><p>So you need a person to consolidate your cargoes in China. One solution is to find a reliable forwarder who has <strong>its own warehouse</strong>, then you can use it for consolidation (usually free of charge). However, most of forwarders don’t have warehouse, and they just pick up your cargo from the supplier, then send to LCL shipping company to load in container. (This may due to the particularity of Chinese shipping agency industry, which we will introduce in future article)</p><p>Another Solution is you can choose <strong>one reliable supplier</strong>, and let other suppliers send all the cargoes to him, then the forwarder can pick up cargoes together in one place.</p><p>We strongly recommend you to try to consolidate cargoes, so that you can gain more import experience. Then congratulations, you moved the first step of expanding your business, and you can try to purchase larger quantity next time.</p><figure class="image-bubble">                <div class="img-lightbox">                    <div class="overlay"></div>                    <img src="../resources/images/consolidate-cargoes.png" alt="Consolidate cargos from different suppliers and ship together" title="">                </div>                <div class="image-caption">Consolidate cargos from different suppliers and ship together</div>            </figure><p>Forwarder are picking up consolidated cargoes in customer’s warehouse</p><h2 id="5-How-to-Avoid-Scam-When-Buying-Small-Quantity-as-a-Business-Beginner"><a href="#5-How-to-Avoid-Scam-When-Buying-Small-Quantity-as-a-Business-Beginner" class="headerlink" title="5.How to Avoid Scam When Buying Small Quantity as a Business Beginner?"></a>5.How to Avoid Scam When Buying Small Quantity as a Business Beginner?</h2><p>Many starter business are afraid of being scammed when buying products on Internet from China, but the truth is <strong>seldom people</strong> were under this case.</p><p>No matter you are buying from Alibaba, Aliexpress, or DHgate, none of suppliers can take your money without sending the products. Because on this kind of online platforms, all suppliers are required to offer their Chinese ID cards, or company registration information in the beginning. Then they have to <strong>pay certain amount fee</strong> every year to become suppliers on these platforms. Such as for being <strong>Gold Supplier</strong> in Alibaba, you have to pay CNY 29,800 (around USD 4,730) annually for member fee; pay for USD 4,700 deposit to become suppliers in Aliexpress.<figure class="image-bubble">                <div class="img-lightbox">                    <div class="overlay"></div>                    <img src="../resources/images/Gold-Supplier-on-Alibaba.jpg" alt="Gold Supplier on Alibaba" title="">                </div>                <div class="image-caption">Gold Supplier on Alibaba</div>            </figure></p><p><em>One interesting thing is: many people believe that Gold Suppliers are qualified suppliers verified by Alibaba, that’s also what Alibaba tells. But it’s not true. All suppliers on Alibaba are Gold Suppliers, because they already paid for it. So you can just ignore the Gold Supplier thing when searching suppliers on Alibaba.</em></p><p>So the worst situation is the products sent by supplier are in worse quality than you expect, or less products you received.</p><p>What you should do when finding suppliers online is being careful, and <strong>do not only</strong> focus on lowest price, because you already can get good profit in retail. Or you will take risk of receiving cheap quality or problem products. Even you want to return the products at that time, you will find shipping cost is high, and most Chinese sellers <strong>don’t accept</strong> return and refund.</p>]]></content>
    
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        &lt;h1 id=&quot;How-to-Import-Small-Quantity-from-China-Guide-for-Business-Starter&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;#How-to-Import-Small-Quantity-from-China-Guide-for-Busi
      
    
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      <category term="Trade" scheme="http://blog.inesoi.com/categories/Trade/"/>
    
    
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  </entry>
  
  <entry>
    <title>A Comprehensive Guide for Buying the Best Leather</title>
    <link href="http://blog.inesoi.com/a-comprehensive-guide-for-buying-the-best-leather.html"/>
    <id>http://blog.inesoi.com/a-comprehensive-guide-for-buying-the-best-leather.html</id>
    <published>2018-08-06T16:00:00.000Z</published>
    <updated>2018-08-27T14:47:54.818Z</updated>
    
    <content type="html"><![CDATA[<p>Whether it’s furniture or personal accessories, buying genuine leather items requires thoughtful consideration. As you are going to invest considerable funds into buying these products, you must know the answers to two key questions:</p><ul><li>“How do you identify the best leather?”</li><li>“Where do you buy it?”</li></ul><p>While making the final decision is ultimately up to you, the details provided in this leather guide will surely help to push you in the right direction.  But, before we dig deeper into various types, qualities, and features, let’s first take a glimpse at the history of the leather industry and how it has developed over time.  </p><h2 id="Leather-Industry"><a href="#Leather-Industry" class="headerlink" title="Leather Industry"></a>Leather Industry</h2><p>Leather tanning has been around for centuries. It’s one of the oldest industries in human civilization. Indians, Egyptians, Greeks, Chinese, and Mesopotamians had developed several different tanning processes centuries before industrialization. Leather was used to make intricate clothing articles such as footwear, gloves, and armor. It was also used to make buckets, bottles, and even weapons. The Industrial Revolution brought all kinds of new technological advances that made the leather-making process highly efficient, environment-friendly, and hygienic.</p><p>The leather industry in the United States dates back to the colonial times. It grew with the population throughout the 18th century. By 1750, there were more than 1000 tanneries in the country. The number swelled to more than 8000 by 1840!  At the time, the primary leather activity was shoemaking. In 1850, over 11,000 shoemaking establishments were operating in the U.S.</p><h3 id="U-S-Leather-Industry"><a href="#U-S-Leather-Industry" class="headerlink" title="U.S. Leather Industry"></a>U.S. Leather Industry</h3><p>U.S. hides and skins companies, which include producers, processors, brokers, and dealers, export more than <a href="http://www.ushsla.org/" target="_blank" rel="external">90%</a> of the total leather inventory. The U.S is one of the top raw material suppliers to the global leather manufacturing industry. The value of industry exports is worth nearly $3 billion dollars annually.</p><p>In 2016, the hide, skin, and leather industry exported more than<a href="http://www.rendermagazine.com/articles/2017-issues/april-2017/us-hide-skin-and-leather/" target="_blank" rel="external"> $2 billion in cattle hides</a>, pigskins, and semi-processed leather products.</p><h3 id="Global-Leather-Goods-Market"><a href="#Global-Leather-Goods-Market" class="headerlink" title="Global Leather Goods Market"></a>Global Leather Goods Market</h3><ul><li>According to the<a href="http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20171003006031/en/Global-Leather-Goods-Market---Drivers-Forecasts" target="_blank" rel="external"> Global Leather Goods Market 2017-2021 Report</a>, conducted by Technavio analysts, the global leather market is expected to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of almost 5% from 2017-2021.</li><li>In 2017, the total market value was $217.49 billion. It is expected to reach $271.21 billion by 2021.</li><li>This segment is expected to represent an incremental growth of more than $53.72 billion during the forecast period.</li><li>The sub-segment of global footwear market was worth $126.99 billion in 2016.</li><li>In 2016, the Americas registered the highest leather revenue of $83.67 million.</li></ul><figure class="image-bubble">                <div class="img-lightbox">                    <div class="overlay"></div>                    <img src="../resources/images/leather-Global-4.jpg" alt="" title="">                </div>                <div class="image-caption"></div>            </figure><h2 id="Types-of-Leather"><a href="#Types-of-Leather" class="headerlink" title="Types of Leather"></a>Types of Leather</h2><p>The quality of leather varies greatly. You have most likely seen different labels on leather items, such as top grain or genuine. These are simply different types of leathers based on their quality. If you want to get the best bang for your buck, you not only need to know where to buy leather, you also need to know how to distinguish between different types. You will need to understand why some materials last longer than others and why a particular leather bag costs thousands, while others cost a fraction of that price.</p><p>So, what is the best leather?  The best quality leather will depend on these important factors, most notably:</p><ul><li>Type of animal and breed</li><li>Physical location and climate where the animal lived</li><li>Portion of the hide the leather was cut from (see diagram below)</li><li>Layer of the hide that is used (top grain, full grain, split)</li><li>Quality and skill of the processing and tanning</li></ul><figure class="image-bubble">                <div class="img-lightbox">                    <div class="overlay"></div>                    <img src="../resources/images/Hide-Cutting.jpg" alt="leather quality from different portions of the hide" title="">                </div>                <div class="image-caption">leather quality from different portions of the hide</div>            </figure><p>Different breeds of cows will produce different quality hides due to their genetics and environment.  Hot climates tend to have insects that bite the animal and leave scars whereas cold climates don’t suffer from pests as much.  Certain breeds might have more protective hair or thicker skins due to the weather.</p><p>Different portions of the hide also yield different quality leather. For instance, the lower portion, as shown in the diagram above, tends to have looser fibers that make up the hide.  The looser fibers sponge and swell when wet.  Lower portions of the hide also tend to get marked much easier from insects and scrapes like barbed wire fencing.  There are also more wrinkles in the hide around the legs, neck and head.  These scars and wrinkles become permanent and are almost impossible to remove in the processing of the leather.</p><p>Different layers within the hide also have an enormous impact on quality.  Full grain leather and top-grain are the best.  See our in depth focus on the grain vs split just a few paragraphs further down to know which portion you are buying.</p><p>Finally, knowing exactly how to take a raw hide and process it through tanning and finishing is a sought after skill and will influence the quality of the final product significantly.  Italian leather is admired for this very reason – as Italian leather artisans are considered amongst the most skilled in the world.</p><p>In general, there are four types of leather.  These include Full Grain Leather, Top Grain Leather, Corrected Grain Leather, and Bonded Leather. Take a look at the picture below. See how the fibers run both horizontally and vertically in different parts of the hide.</p><p>Buying leather with more horizontal fibers wears out quickly because they can readily pull apart. Vertically running fibers, however, are the strongest. In other words, the higher the number of vertical fibers, the better.</p><h3 id="A-Full-Grain-Leather"><a href="#A-Full-Grain-Leather" class="headerlink" title="A. Full Grain Leather"></a>A. Full Grain Leather</h3><p>Full grain leather comes from the top layer of the hide. It includes all the grain with it – hence the name full grain leather. This type of leather retains the inherent toughness, as well as the imperfections because there are no surface alterations or splitting.</p><p>It is the highest quality leather and the only one suitable for saddleback. Thus, it is also the most expensive. Working with this leather material is challenging. It absorbs body oils and develops a patina over time – a characteristic that attributes to its popularity.</p><h3 id="B-Top-Grain-Leather"><a href="#B-Top-Grain-Leather" class="headerlink" title="B. Top Grain Leather"></a>B. Top Grain Leather</h3><p>Top grain is the second highest grade of leather. Usually, to obtain top grain leather, the top layer of skin from blemished hides is split. The surface is sanded to get rid of inherent imperfections. Pigmentation or staining gives the leather an attractive look.</p><p>This also makes top grain leather smoother and more flexible than the full grain. Although this type of leather is strong and durable, it tends to stretch permanently over time. It is used to produce suede and nubuck. Most high-end products, such as handbags and jackets, are comprised of top grain leather.</p><figure class="image-bubble">                <div class="img-lightbox">                    <div class="overlay"></div>                    <img src="../resources/images/Leather-Grain-3.jpg" alt="the leather grain separation between corium, flesh and the grain of the hide" title="">                </div>                <div class="image-caption">the leather grain separation between corium, flesh and the grain of the hide</div>            </figure><h3 id="C-Corrected-Grain-Bottom-Cut-Split-Leather"><a href="#C-Corrected-Grain-Bottom-Cut-Split-Leather" class="headerlink" title="C. Corrected Grain (Bottom Cut/Split) Leather"></a>C. Corrected Grain (Bottom Cut/Split) Leather</h3><p>Corrected grain leather, also known as genuine leather, is produced using the skin layers that remain after the top is split off. Just like the top grain leather, it is also sanded to remove natural imperfections. Usually, the surface is spray painted and embossed with a leather-like pattern to resemble natural appearance. However, the processing alters the inherent breathability of the leather.</p><h3 id="D-Bonded-Leather"><a href="#D-Bonded-Leather" class="headerlink" title="D. Bonded Leather"></a>D. Bonded Leather</h3><p>Bonded leather is made up of leftovers of the hide. This includes the dust and shavings. These are bonded together using polyurethane or latex on top of a fiber sheet. It is often spray-painted to look like full or top grain leather. You can’t determine the percentage of natural leather unless the manufacturer chooses to disclose it – which is very unlikely. Bonded leather is the lowest (and the cheapest) grade of leather.</p><figure class="image-bubble">                <div class="img-lightbox">                    <div class="overlay"></div>                    <img src="../resources/images/bonded-leather-diagram-1.jpg" alt="bonded leather graphic showing leather content vs polyurethane" title="">                </div>                <div class="image-caption">bonded leather graphic showing leather content vs polyurethane</div>            </figure><p>Though there are four basic types of leather, you can find a wide range of options based on the percentage of organic material, durability, and the finishing process.</p><p><strong>Aniline Leather:</strong>  This is the most natural leather with a minimal resistance to soiling. It requires regular upkeep.</p><p><strong>Semi-Aniline Leather:</strong>  Semi-aniline leather consists of a light surface coating with a small amount of pigment. Thus, it is stronger than aniline leather but maintains its natural look. It also exhibits stain resistance to some extent.</p><p><strong>Antique Grain Leather:</strong>  This one is comprised of a unique surface processing that resembles the ragged appearance of conventional leather. It is also called distressed leather.</p><p><strong>Chrome-Free Leather:</strong>  This type of leather uses aldehyde tanning, which, just like vegetable tanning, does not use chromium. Hence it is called chrome-free. Usually, it is used to make infant shoes and automobile accessories.</p><p><strong>Chrome Tanned Leather:</strong>  Most leather manufacturers use chromium salts (chromium sulfates) for the tanning process instead of vegetable tanning. Though chrome tanned leather is thinner and softer than vegetable tanned leather, the process is not considered environmentally friendly.  </p><p><strong>Corrected Grain Pigmented Leather:</strong>  Usually, imperfections are removed by abrading the grain surface before applying the coating. A decorative grain pattern is embossed to render a natural look.</p><p><strong>Pigmented Leather:</strong>  A polymer surface coating, containing certain pigments, is applied to produce the desired look and properties. Due to its durability, pigmented leather is often used to make furniture and car upholstery.</p><figure class="image-bubble">                <div class="img-lightbox">                    <div class="overlay"></div>                    <img src="../resources/images/pyramid.jpg" alt="world wide leather supply usage" title="">                </div>                <div class="image-caption">world wide leather supply usage</div>            </figure><p><strong>Embossed Leather:</strong>  Embossed leather is imprinted with artificial leatherwork for a certain grain design or pattern.</p><p><strong>Finished Split Leather:</strong>  Usually, the middle or lower section of a hide is used to produce this leather. It is coated with a polymer and embossed to resemble a more natural look.</p><p><strong>Good Hand Leather:</strong>  This is a softer leather. As it feels pleasant to the touch, it is known as good hand leather.</p><p><strong>Kidskin Leather:</strong>  This one is made from the hide of young goats.</p><p><strong>Latigo:</strong>  Latigo is cowhide leather specifically designed for outdoor use. It is usually found in cinches, ties, saddlebacks, and army accouterments.</p><p><strong>Nubuck Leather:</strong>  Nubuck leather is sanded on the grain side to create a velvety appearance. Usually, aniline dyed leather is used to produce nubuck leather.</p><p><strong>Oil Tanned Leather:</strong>  Oil-tanned leather is produced using oils to create a remarkably smooth and flexible finish.</p><p><strong>Pebble Grain Leather:</strong>  The top side of such leather mimics a pattern of small pebbles.</p><p><strong>Printed Leather:</strong>  The printed leather is often stamped with a design or texture to create a unique look.</p><p><strong>Pull-Up Leather:</strong>  Pull-up leather, or oily pull-up leather, stretch over time and provides a unique worn-in effect. It is considered a sign of high quality.</p><p><strong>Skirting Leather:</strong>  This is the leather often used to manufacture saddles and bridles. Skirting leather is made from the sides of cattle hide.</p><p><strong>Suede:</strong>Suede is the most popular leather with a napped finish. It is used to make jackets, shoes, shirts, purses, and furniture.</p><p><strong>Tooling Calf Leather:</strong>  Tooling calf is a thin, lightweight, vegetable-tanned leather. It is suitable for printing and engraving.</p><figure class="image-bubble">                <div class="img-lightbox">                    <div class="overlay"></div>                    <img src="../resources/images/Calf-Leather.jpg" alt="embossed leather imprints" title="">                </div>                <div class="image-caption">embossed leather imprints</div>            </figure><p><strong>Waxy Hand Leather:</strong>  Waxy hand leather comes with a grease or wax finish. It is often used to make upholstery, shoes, and handbags.</p><figure class="image-bubble">                <div class="img-lightbox">                    <div class="overlay"></div>                    <img src="../resources/images/leather-chart-no-text.jpg" alt="the usage of leather based on the thickness" title="">                </div>                <div class="image-caption">the usage of leather based on the thickness</div>            </figure><figure class="image-bubble">                <div class="img-lightbox">                    <div class="overlay"></div>                    <img src="../resources/images/LeatherWeight-chart-1.jpg" alt="" title="">                </div>                <div class="image-caption"></div>            </figure><h2 id="Leather-Processing"><a href="#Leather-Processing" class="headerlink" title="Leather Processing"></a>Leather Processing</h2><p>Leather tanning is a complex and lengthy process. Though mechanization has made it less labor intensive, it still consists of a complex series of treatments that require considerable time and energy. The purpose of the tanning process is to alter the protein structure of the skin to increase its durability, texture, and appearance.</p><iframe src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/PYCvBADKSu4?feature=oembed&wmode=transparent" frameborder="0" gesture="media" allow="encrypted-media" allowfullscreen data-aspectratio="0.562962962962963" style="width: 1000px; height: 562.963px; opacity: 1; visibility: visible;"></iframe><p>As mentioned earlier, there are many varieties of leather. However, all types of leathers have to go through <strong>four fundamental stages.</strong> This includes preparatory steps, tanning, re-tanning, and finishing. Sometimes, a further sub-process of surface coating may be added to the process. Before sending to the tannery, the animal skin needs to be cured. Although curing is not considered a part of the tanning process, it is the first crucial step in obtaining leather.</p><figure class="image-bubble">                <div class="img-lightbox">                    <div class="overlay"></div>                    <img src="../resources/images/Leather-Process.jpg" alt="leather manufacturing process diagram" title="">                </div>                <div class="image-caption">leather manufacturing process diagram</div>            </figure><p>Usually, the animal is killed and skinned before the body heat leaves the tissues. The freshly removed skin or hide is immediately cured with salt to remove water. The skin is allowed to remain in the shade until it is completely dry. The cured skin or animal hide is then transported to the tanneries for further processing.</p><h3 id="A-Preparatory-Steps"><a href="#A-Preparatory-Steps" class="headerlink" title="A. Preparatory Steps"></a>A. Preparatory Steps</h3><p>The cured skin or animal hide needs to be prepared for the tanning process. Although there are various preparatory processes, the purpose of each process is to remove unwanted raw skin components. The tannery may not perform all of them, depending on the quality and type of the desired product.</p><p><strong>1) Soaking</strong></p><p>At this stage, the cured hide is soaked in water for several hours to several days. This process not only restores the moisture lost during salting, but helps to remove dirt, debris, blood, and excess animal fats.</p><p><strong>2) Fleshing</strong></p><p>This process removes subcutaneous material from the flesh side. The pelt is passed through a machine to remove the fat, muscle, and flesh mechanically. Usually, this process takes place after slaughter, soaking, or liming. At this stage, or after tanning, hides may be split into different layers.</p><p><strong>3) Un-hairing</strong></p><p>Hair is removed at this stage using mechanical instruments such as rollers and blades.</p><p><strong>4) Pickling</strong></p><p>This process involves cleaning and soaking the rawhide in acids or salts to prevent decomposition. It helps the penetration of tanning agents such as chromium and aldehydes. Stronger pickling agents are used to preserve hides for several months.</p><p><strong>5) De-Pickling</strong></p><p>The hide is soaked in sulfuric acid to lower the pH after pickling.</p><p><strong>6) Liming</strong></p><p>This process loosens the fibers and allows the skin to absorb various tanning chemicals. Usually, sodium sulfide and hydrated lime are used to treat the hide, as they remove keratinous material such as hair and wool. Fats get hydrolyzed as the pH increases. Water is absorbed into the skin fibers, resulting in a swollen skin structure.</p><p><strong>7) De-Liming</strong></p><p>In this process, the hide is washed with a mixture of water and ammonium chloride or ammonium sulfate. This removes water (along with any impurities) to reduce swelling.</p><p><strong>8) Bating</strong></p><p>Bating marks the end of the liming process. The flaccid skin is treated with proteolytic bating enzymes to remove non-fibrous proteins. It cleans the grain and makes the pelt smooth and silky.</p><p><strong>9) De-Greasing</strong></p><p>Sometimes, water-based solutions and solvents are used to remove excess grease or natural fatty acids from the skin.</p><p><strong>10) Bleaching</strong></p><p>Chemical agents are used to making the hide colorless to add the desired color at a later stage. </p><h3 id="B-Tanning"><a href="#B-Tanning" class="headerlink" title="B. Tanning"></a>B. Tanning</h3><p>The primary purpose of this process is to produce a non-decomposable and sturdy material from the raw animal hide, called leather. Essentially, tanning converts the protein of the rawhide into a durable material. The most common tanning processes include mineral tanning, vegetable tanning, and glutaraldehyde tanning.</p><p><strong>1) Vegetable Tanning</strong></p><figure class="image-bubble">                <div class="img-lightbox">                    <div class="overlay"></div>                    <img src="../resources/images/tanning-labor.jpg" alt="" title="">                </div>                <div class="image-caption"></div>            </figure><p>Vegetable tanning has been around for thousands of years. Unlike mineral tanning, it uses a naturally occurring polyphenol astringent chemical called<a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/tannin" target="_blank" rel="external"> tannin</a>. This is usually found in bark, leaves, and branches of trees such as oak, chestnut, or mimosa. As it produces shades of deep brown, beige, yellow, and red, tannin lends a unique color and texture to the leather.</p><p>However, the process is time-consuming, laborious, and expensive. There are two types of vegetable tanning processes. The slow process takes about 30 days, while the rapid tanning process only lasts about 36 to 48 hours. Sometimes, however, the slow process can take several months, as it may require multiple treatments.</p><p>This process produces highly durable leather. So, the vegetable tanned leather is often used to make products such as saddles or holsters. The unmatched durability and distinct appearance makes this leather suitable for imprinting and intricate leatherwork such as tooling.</p><p><strong>2) Mineral or Chrome Tanning</strong></p><p>Mineral or chrome tanning is the most popular tanning process because it’s much quicker, affordable, and less labor intensive than the others. In 1858, it was introduced as an alternative to the expensive and time-consuming vegetable tanning process. The process can be automated and lasts a day at most. Usually, the time for chromium tanning is around 2 or 3 hours for small and thin skins. However, it can go up to 24 hours for thicker ones obtained from cattle.</p><p>The size of chrome molecules is small compared to vegetable tannin ions. As a result, chrome ions can penetrate the collagen and remove water molecules effectively. That’s why chrome tanned leather is thinner and softer than vegetable tanned leather. Chromium (III) sulfate is the most efficient and effective tanning agent. Chrome tanned leather is also called wet blue leather due to its bluish color.</p><figure class="image-bubble">                <div class="img-lightbox">                    <div class="overlay"></div>                    <img src="../resources/images/tanning-hides-drums-stage2800X600.jpg" alt="" title="">                </div>                <div class="image-caption"></div>            </figure><figure class="image-bubble">                <div class="img-lightbox">                    <div class="overlay"></div>                    <img src="../resources/images/chrome-tanning-wet-blue-hides800X600.jpg" alt="" title="">                </div>                <div class="image-caption"></div>            </figure><figure class="image-bubble">                <div class="img-lightbox">                    <div class="overlay"></div>                    <img src="../resources/images/tanning-hides-drums800X600.jpg" alt="" title="">                </div>                <div class="image-caption"></div>            </figure><figure class="image-bubble">                <div class="img-lightbox">                    <div class="overlay"></div>                    <img src="../resources/images/blue-hides-ready-for-tanning.jpg" alt="blue hides ready for leather tanning" title="">                </div>                <div class="image-caption">blue hides ready for leather tanning</div>            </figure><p>However, the chrome tanning process creates a<a href="https://www.premierevision.com/content/uploads/2017/03/PVLeather_Newsletter6_eng.pdf" target="_blank" rel="external"> negative environmental impact</a> as it comprises heavy usage of acids and other chemicals. The toxic waste can seep into groundwater and contaminate drinking water supplies. The resulting environmental implications are a major concern, especially in developing countries.</p><p><strong>3) Aldehyde Tanning</strong></p><p>This tanning process uses glutaraldehyde or oxazolidine compounds. It is also called wet white leather due to its pale cream color. Aldehyde tanned leather is water absorbent, soft, and can be machine washed. It is, therefore, perfect for use in chamois.</p><p><strong>4) Oil Tanning</strong></p><p>Sometimes, emulsified oils are blended with aldehyde chemicals to produce exceptionally soft and flexible leather. This process is called oil tanning.</p><h3 id="C-Re-Tanning"><a href="#C-Re-Tanning" class="headerlink" title="C. Re-Tanning"></a>C. Re-Tanning</h3><p>Re-tanning converts the tanned leather into a marketable product. The choice of chemicals used in this process depends on the desired color and texture in the final product.</p><p><strong>1) Drying</strong></p><p>At this stage, the tanned leather is pressed between two rolling cylinders to remove the water absorbed during the tanning process.  </p><p><strong>2) Shaving</strong></p><p>This process removes flesh residues and creates uniformly thick leather. The leather passes through two rolling cylinders where the upper one is provided with helical blades.  </p><p><strong>3) Splitting</strong></p><p>A splitting machine slices the thick leather into one or more horizontal layers. Sometimes, this process is also carried out after liming. The top grain layer is the most expensive leather. It is used to make high-end leather merchandise. The layer without grain is used to make suede leather. Sometimes, an artificial grain surface can also be applied to it.</p><figure class="image-bubble">                <div class="img-lightbox">                    <div class="overlay"></div>                    <img src="../resources/images/Leather-cutting-modified-1.jpg" alt="leather cutting showing separation between the top grain and the split hide" title="">                </div>                <div class="image-caption">leather cutting showing separation between the top grain and the split hide</div>            </figure><p><strong>4) Dyeing</strong></p><p>With the exception of vegetable tanned leather, all types of leather are dyed. More often than not, water-soluble dyes are used, allowing the dye molecules to penetrate inside the fibers. Thus, it differs significantly from surface coating where dye is applied only on the top layer.</p><figure class="image-bubble">                <div class="img-lightbox">                    <div class="overlay"></div>                    <img src="../resources/images/color-belts.jpg" alt="" title="">                </div>                <div class="image-caption"></div>            </figure><p><strong>5) Fat Liquoring</strong></p><p>Fat liquoring, or stuffing, consists of adding fats, oils, or waxes between fibers to keep the leather soft and flexible. Without this process, the leather will dry and become stiff.</p><h3 id="D-Finishing"><a href="#D-Finishing" class="headerlink" title="D. Finishing"></a>D. Finishing</h3><p>This is the final stage where finishing touches are added to the tanned leather – as per the desired end product. This includes color, texture, thickness, and surface patterns.</p><p><strong>1) Polishing</strong></p><p>A velvet wheel rubs the leather to create a shiny surface.</p><p><strong>2) Embossing</strong></p><p>The process of embossing obtains a three-dimensional print using heated hydraulic or roller presses.</p><p><strong>3) Surface Coating</strong></p><p>The surface coating process adds color and different designs to leather. As per the customer requirement, resins, pigments, and dyes are added in layers to the surface using a variety of techniques such as spraying, roller-coating, curtain-coating, or hand coating.<a href="https://vimeo.com/248805887" target="_blank" rel="external"><svg version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="600px" height="800px" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 600 800" enable-background="new 0 0 600 800" xml:space="preserve"><path fill="none" d="M0-1.79v800L600,395L0-1.79z"/> </svg></a></p><p><strong>4) Final Grading</strong></p><p>Finally, the leather is graded before it is dispatched to the customers. Grading is often based on a variety of factors such as the feel of the leather, color, pattern, thickness, softness, and flexibility.</p><figure class="image-bubble">                <div class="img-lightbox">                    <div class="overlay"></div>                    <img src="../resources/images/leather-grading-finished-product.jpg" alt="" title="">                </div>                <div class="image-caption"></div>            </figure><figure class="image-bubble">                <div class="img-lightbox">                    <div class="overlay"></div>                    <img src="../resources/images/leather-grading-finished-product2.jpg" alt="finished leather hides after production" title="">                </div>                <div class="image-caption">finished leather hides after production</div>            </figure><figure class="image-bubble">                <div class="img-lightbox">                    <div class="overlay"></div>                    <img src="../resources/images/leather-grading-original-markings-on-hide-2.jpg" alt="leather imperfections on hide showing branding marking" title="">                </div>                <div class="image-caption">leather imperfections on hide showing branding marking</div>            </figure><figure class="image-bubble">                <div class="img-lightbox">                    <div class="overlay"></div>                    <img src="../resources/images/red-hide.jpg" alt="" title="">                </div>                <div class="image-caption"></div>            </figure><h2 id="Leather-For-Furniture"><a href="#Leather-For-Furniture" class="headerlink" title="Leather For Furniture"></a>Leather For Furniture</h2><p>One of the most popular leather item categories is furniture. High-quality leather furniture can last for years. However, each type comes with unique characteristics. In other words, you need to choose the right type of leather to get the most out of your furniture. Hopefully, this quick leather furniture buying guide will help you.</p><figure class="image-bubble">                <div class="img-lightbox">                    <div class="overlay"></div>                    <img src="../resources/images/octane-flex-black-leather-theater-chair.jpg" alt="octane flex hr power headrest black recliner theater seating" title="">                </div>                <div class="image-caption">octane flex hr power headrest black recliner theater seating</div>            </figure><h3 id="Full-Grain-Leather"><a href="#Full-Grain-Leather" class="headerlink" title="Full Grain Leather"></a>Full Grain Leather</h3><p>As mentioned before, this is the most expensive and high-end leather out there. It is also the best for furniture because it retains a natural look and texture. The leather is treated with transparent aniline dyes to keep the original look. The texture is a little rough in the beginning but softens over time. However, this type of leather furniture requires a lot of maintenance, as it is susceptible to sunlight and absorbs liquids readily.</p><h3 id="Top-Grain-Leather"><a href="#Top-Grain-Leather" class="headerlink" title="Top Grain Leather"></a>Top Grain Leather</h3><p>Top grain leather is also suitable for furniture. This type of leather is softer than the full grain leather and comes with the same durability. Top-grain leather furniture comes in two different categories: aniline and semi-aniline. While aniline leather recliners may look natural, they remain susceptible to stains. Semi-aniline leather furniture, on the other hand, is relatively less susceptible because it can be treated with a protective topcoat. This type of leather furniture is also expensive. At Octane Seating, we primarily use top grain leather on all portions of the seating that you will touch. This means the seat back, seat cushion, armrests, and footrest - all utilize top grain. We then use a perfect synthetic PU match (see below) on the exterior sides and the exterior seat back. The synthetic match on those portions of the seat is an excellent choice given that those are the portions that will get scratches, dirt, and nicks. The synthetic cover is easy to clean and maintain in areas like that on the furniture.</p><h3 id="Split-Grain-Leather"><a href="#Split-Grain-Leather" class="headerlink" title="Split Grain Leather"></a>Split Grain Leather</h3><p>Though split grain consists of 100% leather, it lacks the smooth texture and stylish appearances with natural variations in color and pebbling. Some people may not think of it as the best leather for furniture, as it is relatively difficult to maintain. </p><h3 id="Bonded-Leather"><a href="#Bonded-Leather" class="headerlink" title="Bonded Leather"></a>Bonded Leather</h3><p>Bonded leather is the most sought-after leather for furniture because it offers the look and texture of leather for the cheapest price. Usually, it only consists of about 17% leather obtained from various scraps rolled up together using an adhesive material. Unlike the full grain leather furniture, it will never become smooth with age.</p><h3 id="Nubuck-Leather"><a href="#Nubuck-Leather" class="headerlink" title="Nubuck Leather"></a>Nubuck Leather</h3><p>People tend to confuse nubuck leather with suede because they both have a velvet-like surface. However, unlike suede (obtained from split leather), nubuck is produced from the full grain leather. This type of leather is lightly brushed or abraded to create a velvet-like plush nap. It is considered the best leather for furniture due to its soft, velvet-like touch and natural look. Though it is more durable compared to suede, nubuck leather furniture requires high maintenance, especially the velvety fur. You should avoid buying nubuck leather furniture if you have pets.</p><h3 id="Bi-Cast-Leather"><a href="#Bi-Cast-Leather" class="headerlink" title="Bi-Cast Leather"></a>Bi-Cast Leather</h3><p>Bi-cast leather is manufactured by blending split-hide leather or composite leather substrate and a coating of colored polyurethane. Thus, it looks like top grain leather, only it is a lot cheaper. Just like bonded leather furniture, it also lacks the wear or comfort attributes of top-grain leather. It doesn’t have the durability people often associate with top grain leather furniture, either. So, before buying bi-cast leather furniture, make sure you understand the pros and cons related to it.</p><h3 id="Faux-Leather"><a href="#Faux-Leather" class="headerlink" title="Faux Leather"></a>Faux Leather</h3><p>Faux leather is a great choice for furniture upholstery, especially if you are an animal lover. Though it is no match for high-end full grain leather furniture, faux leather furniture is durable and can last longer. It is also affordable, less prone to cracks and peels, can withstand scratches, is not susceptible to sunlight, and is stain resistant. Thus, it can be an economical and low maintenance alternative to natural leather.</p><h2 id="Polyurethane-PU-vs-Polyvinylchloride-PVC-Furniture"><a href="#Polyurethane-PU-vs-Polyvinylchloride-PVC-Furniture" class="headerlink" title="Polyurethane (PU) vs Polyvinylchloride (PVC) Furniture"></a>Polyurethane (PU) vs Polyvinylchloride (PVC) Furniture</h2><p>When it comes to buying leather furniture, people often use the terms polyurethane (PU) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) leather interchangeably. However, they are distinctly different. You must understand this difference if you want to get the best bang for your buck while purchasing leather furniture.</p><p><strong>1) Polyurethane (PU) Leather</strong> </p><ul><li>Polyurethane leather is composed of polyurethane, bicast, or ground leather. Thus, it closely resembles natural leather.</li><li>It provides a soft and flexible seating surface.</li><li>It offers better breathability (vapor transmission), compared to PVC leather.</li><li>The high-performance PU leather can quickly adjust to body temperature. It can remain cool even after sitting for long periods of time.</li><li>However, it is susceptible to direct sunlight and humidity. Prolonged exposure can make it brittle.</li><li>It comes with high abrasion resistance, durability, and inherent stain resistance.</li><li>It is not naturally flame resistant. But, resistants are often added during the manufacturing process.</li><li>Though it is more economical than natural leather, polyurethane upholstery tends to be expensive compared to PVC leather furniture.</li></ul><p><strong>2) Polyvinylchloride (PVC) Leather</strong></p><ul><li>Though polyvinylchloride (PVC) resembles the softness, color, and texture of natural leather, it doesn’t contain natural leather at all.</li><li>It is very durable and inherently flame resistant.</li><li>It has a relatively better resistance to cleaners and disinfectants, compared to PU leather.</li><li>Affordability and an excellent variety of color, texture, and grain are the primary reasons why this leather is the most popular one out there.</li></ul><p>[<figure class="image-bubble">                <div class="img-lightbox">                    <div class="overlay"></div>                    <img src="https://www.octaneseating.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/PVC-chart-1.jpg" alt="what are the differences between PVC and PU upholstery](../resources/images/PVC-chart-1.jpg )" title="">                </div>                <div class="image-caption">what are the differences between PVC and PU upholstery](../resources/images/PVC-chart-1.jpg )</div>            </figure></p><h2 id="How-to-Identify-Genuine-Leather"><a href="#How-to-Identify-Genuine-Leather" class="headerlink" title="How to Identify Genuine Leather"></a>How to Identify Genuine Leather</h2><p>Buying leather can be a challenging task. There are not only different types of leather but also different types of synthetic leather. Manufactures and leather shop owners are finding new ways to sell synthetic leather disguised as genuine. Fortunately, there are a few simple tips on how to buy genuine leather.</p><p><strong>1) Check the Label First</strong></p><p>The first thing you should do before trying any of the following tricks is to check the label. Most high-end leather product manufacturers will proudly give you information about the type of leather they have used to make the merchandise.</p><p>Most leather products have labels indicating different types, such as ‘genuine leather’ or ‘full grain leather.’ If you see dubious labels such as ‘manmade material’ or ‘made with animal products’, chances are, it’s not genuine leather. Avoid buying leather furniture or accessories without any tags. It’s a sure shot sign the manufacturer is trying to conceal the authenticity of leather.</p><p><strong>2) Feel the Texture</strong></p><p>Just run your fingers over the leather to feel its texture. As genuine leather comes from animal hide, it will have a varying or uneven texture. If the surface grain feels extra smooth, chances are, it is faux leather.</p><p><strong>3) Look for Imperfections</strong></p><p><strong>Genuine leather exhibits an inconsistent surface pattern having minor imperfections. In other words, scratches, creases, and wrinkles are an indication of genuine leather</strong>  </p><p><img src="../resources/images/leather-messenger-bag.jpg" alt="leather messenger bag"></p><p><strong>4) Warmth</strong></p><p>Remember, genuine leather comes from hiding, which at some point, belonged to a living animal. That’s why genuine leather begets a cozy and warm feeling to your touch. Faux leather, however, feels cold and lifeless.</p><p><strong>5) Elasticity</strong> </p><p>Just like any animal skin, genuine leather changes color when stretched and has better elasticity. If you press your finger firmly against natural leather, it will wrinkle under pressure. But, it will regain the original quickly. Faux leather, however, will retain the shape of your finger for a while.</p><p><strong>6) Smell</strong></p><p>Real leather has a distinct leathery smell. It retains the smell even after going through the tanning process. The synthetic leather material, on the other hand, smells like plastic.</p><p><strong>7) Rough Edges</strong></p><p>Whether you are out shopping for leather recliners or handbags, they will always have rough or coarse edges. As genuine leather is made of several layers, the edges often fray over time. Faux leather products, however, have smooth edges.</p><p><strong>8) Moisture</strong></p><p>Unlike its synthetic counterparts, natural leather readily absorbs moisture. Splash a drop of water on your leather merchandise. If it soaks up the water in seconds, chances are it’s a genuine leather item.</p><p><strong>9) Fire Test</strong></p><p>You have to execute this test carefully, as it will damage a part of your leather accessory. You can do this test on a hard-to-see area, such as the underside of your leather recliners. Burn the designated area using a matchstick. Genuine leather will slightly char and produce a distinct smell of burnt hair, while faux leather smells of burning plastic.</p><p><strong>10) Check the Cost</strong></p><p>Irrespective of how hard you bargain, genuine leather will always be expensive. When it comes to leather shopping, there are no cheap deals.</p><p><strong>11) Understand Different Types of Leather</strong></p><p>The more you know about leather, the better. So, try to understand as much you can about the different types. When in doubt, refer to this guide.</p><h2 id="Wrapping-It-Up"><a href="#Wrapping-It-Up" class="headerlink" title="Wrapping It Up"></a>Wrapping It Up</h2><p>Even the smallest things made of genuine leather are quite expensive. So, you have to put a lot of thought into buying leather products, big or small. The cost, quality, and aesthetics of leather depending on various aspects including the type of animal hide, tanning process, and finishing touches. Hopefully, this guide will address all your concerns from understanding leather grades and manufacturing processes to identifying and buying genuine leather. How about you? Have you purchased leather furniture or accessories recently? Share your experience in the comments section below.</p>]]></content>
    
    <summary type="html">
    
      
      
        &lt;p&gt;Whether it’s furniture or personal accessories, buying genuine leather items requires thoughtful consideration. As you are going to inves
      
    
    </summary>
    
      <category term="Trade" scheme="http://blog.inesoi.com/categories/Trade/"/>
    
    
      <category term="material" scheme="http://blog.inesoi.com/tags/material/"/>
    
      <category term="leather" scheme="http://blog.inesoi.com/tags/leather/"/>
    
  </entry>
  
  <entry>
    <title>Amazon 上传产品</title>
    <link href="http://blog.inesoi.com/amazon-uploading-products.html"/>
    <id>http://blog.inesoi.com/amazon-uploading-products.html</id>
    <published>2017-12-24T16:00:00.000Z</published>
    <updated>2018-07-27T14:52:01.000Z</updated>
    
    <content type="html"><![CDATA[<h2 id="产品字段"><a href="#产品字段" class="headerlink" title="产品字段"></a>产品字段</h2><ul><li><p>item_type：填空题，填入的内容，告诉亚马逊，我的产品，我要放入的类目，比如你做iphone case ，在你下载的表格里，Valid Values这个页面，已经给出这个值了，就是 basic-cell-phone-carrying-cases ，看到了没有，中间有一杠一杠的，是固定的格式，将这条记录定位到这个类目进去；</p></li><li><p>item_sku：填入的内容，是为了告诉亚马逊，本条记录，本人，要给它一个身份id，便于识别，作者可以看心情编写，比如可以填写成，xiaolandecase，子sku 保持跟父sku一定相关性，比如xiaolandecase-black，代表黑色的子sku，没理解父体和子体？</p></li><li><p>external_product_id：传说中的upc码，官方有卖，不过我都去淘宝买，不安全？我呸，我都用了几千个了，便宜又实用；UPC码干啥用的？亚马逊赋予你这条记录的身份证；</p></li><li><p>external_product_id_type：看到了没有，跟上面那货，就差了一个type，意思就是问你，你刚刚写进去的id的类型，是身份证呢，学生证，驾驶证还是upc码？因为除了upc，还有GCID ，EAN码，不用管那么多，普遍先用UPC码，这样理解了吧；</p></li><li><p>item_name：标题标题标题，这个很容易看懂吧，就是产品名称；</p></li><li><p>manufacturer：制造商，翻译一下就知道了，写你工厂的名字就行了，瞎编一个；</p></li><li><p>brand_name：品牌名，如果还未申请国外商标，也拟定一个可将来用来备案。更能用于吓唬那些跟卖的，要说起品牌备案，我的建议是账号不稳定的时候，先别备案，万一账户挂了，岂不是浪费钱；</p></li><li><p>standard_price：商品吊牌价，一般来讲设置高一些，将来要打折的嘛，父体不用设置，最多保留两个小数点；跟后面的 </p></li><li><p>sale_price 相对应，真正的销售价格是 sale_price； </p></li><li><p>quantity：库存数量，如果有做fba，请写的准确一点；</p></li><li><p>other_image_url1：产品副图，详情图 main_image_url：主图，图片1001*1001，有一边的像素要大于1001，记得要白底，虽然现在也有很多非白底的，但是被查，是迟早的事，最好按照亚马逊的规则走。</p></li><li><p>parent_child ： 父子关系，如果所在记录是父体，就写parent，字体 </p></li><li><p>childparent_sku:父体的sku一般不写，写字体的sku</p></li><li><p>relationship_type：关系类型， 默认填写 Variation 父子变体</p></li><li>variation_theme：变体类型 是颜色  尺码  还是 颜色/尺码</li><li>part_number：填写制造零件号，可以自己编辑一个；</li><li>product_description：产品描述，在前台显示；</li><li>update_delete：不填写默认为创建新品；填写 partial update代表更新本条记录；填写delete，表示删除；</li><li>bullet_point1：卖点，最重要的卖点，切记不能浮夸，不能带有煽动性词语，写出最真实的产品特性；</li><li>generic_keywords：search term 的关键字。</li></ul><h2 id="关键词"><a href="#关键词" class="headerlink" title="关键词"></a>关键词</h2><p>根据跨境电商平台亚马逊的A9算法，关键词是具有一定搜索权重的，而对于卖家而言，关键词则是吸引买家眼球的一个关键部分，优质的关键词能给listing带来较高的曝光、点击和转化，因此用好关键词能给卖家带来非常多的益处。</p><p>亚马逊关键词也被称为Search Term和五行描述，正确的填写产品的5行关键词可以提高客户的购买概率，因此绝不能漫不经心的填写和简单的复制，必须要经过认真的总结和梳理。</p><p>关键词上体现出来的信息，可以有产品的款式、颜色、材质、功能、包装、用途以及其他方面的优势，越具体越好，越是买家关心的越好，越能与竞争对手产生差异化越好。与此同时还要注意文字的排版，不要参差不齐，影响美感。</p><p>A9算法在客户开始搜索某个关键词后，展示出来的结果与客户搜索的关键词有三种对应的情况。</p><ol><li>完全匹配：这种情况权重最高，表明卖家的关键词与买家输入的关键词完全一致，比如买家输入的是men shoes，卖家的关键词也是men shoes；</li><li>词组匹配：这种情况权重中等，表明卖家的关键词与买家输入的关键词部分一致，比如买家输入的是woman red sandals，卖家的关键词是woman red shoes；</li><li>模糊匹配：这种情况权重最低，表明卖家的关键词与买家输入的关键词只有少部分匹配，比如买家输入的是woman red sandals，卖家的关键词是woman white shoes。</li></ol><h3 id="关键词的两种写法"><a href="#关键词的两种写法" class="headerlink" title="关键词的两种写法"></a>关键词的两种写法</h3><p>目前为止，关于跨境电商平台亚马逊关键词的写法主要有两种模式，哪种更好没有定论，只能根据产品的竞争程度、卖家现阶段的经营策略以及卖家对市场和行业的把握做为参考依据。</p><ol><li>第一种写法是在5个search term上都只填写一个关键词或词组，为的就是完全匹配，当买家搜索该关键词时得到好的权重，最有效的抓住每一个精准流量。这需要卖家在众多关键词中将不精准、搜索量低、转化率少的词汇剔除掉，只留下5个搜索多、转化率好、成交高的优质关键词，考验的是智慧。</li><li>第二种写法是在5个search term上填写大量的关键词或词组，能写多少就写多少，每个关键词或词组间用英文的逗号隔开，为的是模糊匹配和词组匹配，玩的是词海战术，增加被搜索到的概率，抓取的是泛流量，东方不亮西方亮。</li></ol><p>至于具体到每个卖家，就要根据实际情况选择一种写法，或者将两者进行综合，比如在5个search term中，2-3个用第一种写法，剩下的用第二种写法。其实，竞争非常激烈的产品，第一种写法占得优势较多，竞争不太激烈的产品，第二种写法更吃香。以下这家采用的是二者融合的模式。</p><h3 id="关键词的书写规则"><a href="#关键词的书写规则" class="headerlink" title="关键词的书写规则"></a>关键词的书写规则</h3><ol><li>两个关键词之间不要用中文的逗号或者其他的标点符号隔开，这样会影响A9的读取，被判定为乱码，彼此间用空格隔开即可，比如woman red sandal和shoes，写成woman red sandal shoes即可；</li><li>另外，同一个关键词不要重复出现，不但有可能被认为是关键词作弊，还会影响买家的阅读体验感，比如这一栏已经用了红色，就不要再重复出现了，例如red sandal和red shoes直接合并成red sandal shoes就好了。</li></ol><h3 id="关键词的书写技巧"><a href="#关键词的书写技巧" class="headerlink" title="关键词的书写技巧"></a>关键词的书写技巧</h3><ol><li>卖家要尽可能的在买家的立场上去筛选和整理关键词，把买家最想知道的、最希望知道的、最迫切知道的关键词排到前面去，剩下的再按照与产品的相关性写到Search Term中。如果可以，5个search term尽量填满，当然也要分产品，有的产品关键词本身就很少，也没有必要吹毛求疵；</li><li>多想一想产品有没有其他的叫法，因为可能每个国家、每个地区、每一类的人对同一个产品的称呼都不一样，这也导致了同一个产品有可能有多个产品名称关键词，比如有人把移动电源也称为充电宝、旅行充电器，还比如灯有lamp和light两种叫法；</li><li>少用介词、形容词和修饰词，浪费字符空间，对买家的成交也没有太多的影响。多写一些尺寸、性能、使用时间、颜色、原材料等方面的内容，充分挖掘和运用有价值的关键词；</li><li>多参考和学习，不断优化自己的关键词，而不是放上去以后就不管了。首先就要参考亚马逊下拉框中推荐的搜索关键词，另外还要看一些大卖家或者品牌店热销品的用词习惯，做的比较好的同行更是监测和对比的重点对象；</li><li>如果所卖产品适合节日使用或送人，要提前修改关键词，一般是在节日前的半个月甚至一个月，就在关键词中加入与节假日有关的词组，比如圣诞节、万圣节、网购星期五等。五、关键词工具解析工具是死的，人才是活的，这些关键词工具只能做为一种思维拓展的辅助，而不能完全依赖它，最终卖家想要获得一个好的结果，还是需要依靠自己对产品和市场的熟悉度。</li></ol><h3 id="关键词工具解析"><a href="#关键词工具解析" class="headerlink" title="关键词工具解析"></a>关键词工具解析</h3><p>工具是死的，人才是活的，这些关键词工具只能做为一种思维拓展的辅助，而不能完全依赖它，最终卖家想要获得一个好的结果，还是需要依靠自己对产品和市场的熟悉度。</p>]]></content>
    
    <summary type="html">
    
      
      
        &lt;h2 id=&quot;产品字段&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;#产品字段&quot; class=&quot;headerlink&quot; title=&quot;产品字段&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;产品字段&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;item_type：填空题，填入的内容，告诉亚马逊，我的产品，我要放入的类目，比如你做iphone cas
      
    
    </summary>
    
      <category term="Amazon" scheme="http://blog.inesoi.com/categories/Amazon/"/>
    
    
      <category term="amazon" scheme="http://blog.inesoi.com/tags/amazon/"/>
    
  </entry>
  
  <entry>
    <title>Amazon 账号防关联</title>
    <link href="http://blog.inesoi.com/amazon-account-avoid-relate.html"/>
    <id>http://blog.inesoi.com/amazon-account-avoid-relate.html</id>
    <published>2017-12-24T16:00:00.000Z</published>
    <updated>2018-07-27T14:52:01.000Z</updated>
    
    <content type="html"><![CDATA[<h2 id="什么是账号关联"><a href="#什么是账号关联" class="headerlink" title="什么是账号关联"></a>什么是账号关联</h2><p>亚马逊规定一个卖家只能拥有一个店铺。账号关联就是亚马逊通过自己的技术手段获取卖家信息，通过匹配关联因素来判定多个账号是否属于同一个卖家所有。如果亚马逊判定多个账号为同一卖家操作，就产生了账号关联。</p><h2 id="产生关联的后果"><a href="#产生关联的后果" class="headerlink" title="产生关联的后果"></a>产生关联的后果</h2><p>亚马逊账号关联本身并不会产生什么问题，问题的关键是，你其中的一个账号出现问题，那你其他关联的账号就会受到影响。</p><p>同站点的账号关联，亚马逊检测到你在各账号之间有交叉销售的话，它会发邮件警告你自行删除一个账号上的Listing，如果你无动于衷，那么亚马逊就会强制关闭所有关联的账号。</p><h2 id="账号关联的三种后果"><a href="#账号关联的三种后果" class="headerlink" title="账号关联的三种后果"></a>账号关联的三种后果</h2><ul><li>同站点账号关联，且账号间所售卖产品存在交叉，亚马逊会强制要求你下架新账号的全部Listing。</li><li>同站点所售卖产品不存在交叉，账号可能继续存活。</li><li>任意站点，关联账号中的一个被关闭，那么其他几个也难逃厄运，仅仅只是时间问题。</li></ul><h2 id="关联因素及预防措施"><a href="#关联因素及预防措施" class="headerlink" title="关联因素及预防措施"></a>关联因素及预防措施</h2><ol><li>网络关联：每个店铺配备独立的宽带网络或者电脑配备独立无线网卡，死过店铺的网络不要在使用，电脑更换配置。</li><li>浏览器指纹：亚马逊可以通过 JS 收集有关你浏览器的无害数据，如插件、系统字体、操作系统版本、打字方式、打字速度等等。这些数据合在一起，就是一个数字指纹，可以判断是不是同一个人操作，就如同我们可以通过一个指纹找到一个人。</li><li>密码相同关联：亚马逊每个店铺的账号及密码不能相同。</li><li><p>图片关联：不同的店铺，产品图片名称，产品拍摄角度都不能相同。<br>5.描述关联：标题描述，细节描述不能照抄一个店铺，每个店铺必须重写。</p></li><li><p>注册信息关联：每个店铺的注册信息必须具有唯一性，从公司的名称，个人名字，地址，电话，邮箱都要有一套对应的资料。</p></li><li><p>cookies关联：cookie是当你浏览某网站时，web服务器置于硬盘上的一个简单的文本文件，它可以记录你的用户ID、密码、浏览过的网页、停留的时间等信息。</p></li><li><p>FBA 发货信息关联：发货地址及联系电话，每个店铺都最好不要相同。</p></li><li><p>跟卖关联：很多卖家都用小号跟卖大号，或者相互跟卖，跟卖不会关联，但由于跟卖的缘由，当你出现问题时，跟卖的账号也会被审核。</p></li><li><p>品牌备案关联：每个备案网站的联系信息要完全跟商标注册以及亚马逊后台店铺信息对于，利于通过备案又能避免关联。(品牌授权除外)</p></li><li><p>联系方式关联：亚马逊后台开case或者让亚马逊电话联系你的时候，一定要留亚马逊后台对应的电话及邮箱，而不是留自己习惯的邮箱及电话。</p></li><li><p>邮件图片或者flash关联：邮件中加载图片或flash的时候是可以读取你的ip地址的，针对这个情况，使用gmail的禁用邮件加载功能，详细信息去亚马逊后台看。</p></li><li><p>欧洲kyc审核查出关联：对股东信息及地址账单信息进行详查。</p></li><li><p>产品相同关联：多店铺的售卖产品基本一样，建议交叉售卖，新老产品的比例小于3：7。</p></li><li><p>因关联被关闭过店铺的商标及公司个人信用卡地址信息不要再次使用。</p></li><li><p>云主机登录管理多账号被查出：亚马逊的业务之一就是AWS，最好不要使用云主机管理，亚马逊很容易查出关联。使用独立电脑最安全。</p></li><li><p>产品型号关联：所有店铺上架公司的同一系列产品，且是同一款产品，外观一样，亚马逊可能会因为这个因素查你的店铺。</p></li><li><p>翻墙软件/翻墙路由器关联：当你翻墙上twitter、YouTube的时候记得推出亚马逊后台，以免误伤。</p></li><li><p>说明书关联：很多卖家因为产品销量少而不单独硬刷品牌包装，多店铺使用同一包装，在这个时候，不一样的说明是证明非关联的重要因素。</p></li></ol><h2 id="放关联核心应对方"><a href="#放关联核心应对方" class="headerlink" title="放关联核心应对方"></a>放关联核心应对方</h2><ol><li>让亚马逊认为多个账号是不同的人在不同的地方操作。</li><li>关联根据多个因素判定，单一因素相同，不会关联，但长期不知不觉的积累起来的关联因素多起来之后，就会因为某次关联因素而被判定为关联，卖家们应尽量减少关联因素。</li><li>做到十新，新邮箱，新电脑，新系统，新浏览器，新路由，新收款账号和新产品，新宽带，新手机号，新信用卡。</li></ol>]]></content>
    
    <summary type="html">
    
      
      
        &lt;h2 id=&quot;什么是账号关联&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;#什么是账号关联&quot; class=&quot;headerlink&quot; title=&quot;什么是账号关联&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;什么是账号关联&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;亚马逊规定一个卖家只能拥有一个店铺。账号关联就是亚马逊通过自己的技术手段获取卖家信息，通过匹配关联因
      
    
    </summary>
    
      <category term="Amazon" scheme="http://blog.inesoi.com/categories/Amazon/"/>
    
    
      <category term="amazon" scheme="http://blog.inesoi.com/tags/amazon/"/>
    
  </entry>
  
  <entry>
    <title>Amazon Vine</title>
    <link href="http://blog.inesoi.com/amazon-vine-review.html"/>
    <id>http://blog.inesoi.com/amazon-vine-review.html</id>
    <published>2017-12-02T16:00:00.000Z</published>
    <updated>2018-08-27T15:11:47.526Z</updated>
    
    <content type="html"><![CDATA[<p>原文：<a href="https://www.amazon.com/gp/vine/help" target="_blank" rel="external">What is Amazon Vine</a></p><h2 id="Review"><a href="#Review" class="headerlink" title="Review"></a>Review</h2><p>从 16 年开始的一系列政策变化：</p><ul><li>买家必须使用有效的信用卡或借记卡账户，订购至少5美元的订单才可以留评（Amazon会员免费购买除外），之后金额调整为50美元 See <a href="https://www.amazon.com/gp/help/customer/display.html?nodeId=201929730" target="_blank" rel="external">Amazon.com Help: Profile &amp; Community Guidelines</a>。</li><li>Amazon明确禁止通过提供折扣换取评价的行为。</li><li>卖家不得使用第三方机构来发出带折扣或者免费的产品给reviewer换取评价。此政策即刻生效，如果卖家继续用免费或者折扣产品来换取评价，账号有可能被关闭。今后只有通过Amazon VINE VOICE项目组的人来做折扣码或者送测，是合规的。</li></ul><h2 id="Amazon-Vine"><a href="#Amazon-Vine" class="headerlink" title="Amazon Vine"></a>Amazon Vine</h2><p>Vine Program 的宗旨：提供一般买家在购买时能有更多的诚实、专业且没有偏见的评论可以参考。<br>Vine Program 会邀请具有公信力的 Reviewer 测评新商品或是尚未上架的商品，做为一般客户购买商品时参考。</p><p>Vine Program 是要受到亚马逊邀请才能参加的，主要是依照 Reviewer 的排名，Review 的品质和帮助程度（Helpful Vote 多寡），和是否对于某类别的商品有特别专业的 Review。</p><p>例如您是一个园艺类目商品专业人士，并且写了很多该类目商品有帮助且专业的 Review ，就很有机会成为 Vine Voice，亚马逊提供给您 Vine Program 测评商品也大多会属于同类目的商品。</p><p>Amazon 会提供免费商品给 Vine Voice 会员，这些商品必须是有参加 Vine Program 的卖家商品。</p><p>如何成为 Vine Program 测评商品？方式有两种！</p><p>１．Amazon Vendor Central 会邀请某些 品牌卖家 或是 大型制造商 成为会员，接着您的商品就有资格成为 Vine Program 测评商品。</p><p>２．注册 <a href="https://vendorexpress.amazon.com/" target="_blank">Ｖendor Express</a> 账号并且同意 <a href="https://vendorexpress.amazon.com/termsAndConditions" target="_blank">条款</a> ，这个方法是一般第三方卖家能够成为 Vine Program 会员的唯一途径。Vendor Express 跟一般 Seller Central 的差别在于 Vendor Express 成本较高，审核机制复杂，适合制造商或是有专利商品生产线的卖家，所以不适合大多数卖家，但只要申请成功将可以省去很多学习经营亚马逊的时间，因为亚马逊会为您打理好一切，不过可能也就失去了经营亚马逊店铺的经验和成就感了！</p><p>除了资格不好取得外，还有另外个因素让许多卖家望之却步，就是上架一个 ASIN 您必须额外付出 2500～7000 美元不等的费用（土豪快来～）且每次促销的商品数量限制，依照类别不同一次只能促销 15～100 个商品。即使如此，还是有不少 Vine Vendor 卖家觉得绿色魔力很值得，一次的花费就可以让＂Vine Customer Review of Free Product＂永久留在商品页面上！</p><p>基本上绝大多数的 VINE 商品都是 Ship and sold by Amazon</p><p>Vine Voice 的评论支持</p><figure class="image-bubble">                <div class="img-lightbox">                    <div class="overlay"></div>                    <img src="../resources/images/105808k9z4t5s9e4t9ce6s.png" alt="" title="">                </div>                <div class="image-caption"></div>            </figure><h3 id="针对-review-新政我们还能怎么做？"><a href="#针对-review-新政我们还能怎么做？" class="headerlink" title="针对 review 新政我们还能怎么做？"></a>针对 review 新政我们还能怎么做？</h3><ul><li><p>官方认证的途径送测。</p><p>  规则里明确说明你找 Amazon Vine Program 送测是允许的，并没有堵死送测这条路。那接下来你一定想知道，究竟什么是AmazonVine Program，如何成为 VineProgram 测评商品？在这里我就不详细展开了，详细内容可以参考 <a href="http://bbs.ichuanglan.com/thread-44344-1-1.html" target="_blank" rel="external">http://bbs.ichuanglan.com/thread-44344-1-1.html</a>。</p></li><li><p>正常促销。</p><p>  规定里只是要求不以折扣或者赠送的方式去换购产品评价，但是并没有禁止折扣等促销活动，至于通过促销活动而来的review亚马逊将怎么处置并没有明确说明；所以折扣订单自然而来的review，无论是亚马逊是否保留还是移除，只要你没有违规操作，都应该只是买家的原因。</p></li><li><p>PPC推广。</p><p>  通过ppc站内广告提高销售，这个措施是Amazon一直在提倡的。不能再依靠送测超链模式了，这种模式毫无技术含量且风险很大，不要以为放在快递盒里就可以神不知鬼不觉，被查到封了账号就没地儿哭了。</p></li><li><p>定期邮件询问。</p><p>  卖家可以定期询问买家用户体验，间接索评，提醒、引导用户对产品进行一个反馈。但不宜大量向买家发该类邮件，现在亚马逊向买家推出了垃圾邮件屏蔽服务，所以过度索评，只会浪费时间而且买家可能还不会收到邮件。建议方式我在上文有提到，可返回查看。</p></li><li><p>全款刷单</p><p>  造假有风险，刷单要谨慎，如果实在要刷review，我建议全款刷单，虽然成本高，但相对风险低。就是下单之后把订单金额用paypal或者银行转账返还给评测者。卖家会损失掉amazon的15%的订单佣金以及可能涉及到的FBA仓储费等等。</p><ul><li><p>主动联系。</p><p>  如果产品足够好是会有人发邮件主动询问是否可以免费赠送产品为条件，来帮你刷产品review，我司（裹媒跨境）运营过程中就遇到过这个情况。</p></li><li><p>熟人刷单。</p><p>  如果卖家在国外有熟人，千万不要放过这个得天独厚的条件。通过熟人真实购买留评，是一个很好的刷单途径。但是不宜一个账号多次刷review，容易引起亚马逊的注意。</p></li><li><p>外国聊天群（Facebook groups）。一般有2种方式：一种是自己在里面发帖，另外一种是找管理员做promote，然后支付一定的金钱作为回报。这种方法成功率较高，可以快速获取小批量的review，但风险点在于里面可能有reseller（中间商）或者竞争对手在寻找新的产品想法。且反馈有骗子的存在，他们可能会骗产品，然后并没有留review，具体的风险把控还是需要自己注意。</p></li><li><p>社交平台。Facebook、Twitter、Instagram、Pinterest、YouTube等平台，不仅仅可以从中找到刷单人员，甚至也是一个站外引流的好地方!</p></li></ul></li><li><p>建立邮件列表。</p><ul><li><p>被动获取用户 email list。这是一个长期的工作，但是稳定的方法，通常第一个产品做起来会比较困难，但是如果第一个产品积累了足够的用户邮箱，第二个，第三个产品就非常好做Review了。可以通过Instagram，facebook，youtube吸引粉丝，举办营销活动收集到邮箱，不过这就会比较花费时间。</p></li><li><p>主动联系reviewer。被动获取用户email list 是个耗时耗钱的方法，但主动联系reviewer是一个最安全有效的方式，因为定位的用户群非常精准，同时对账号的风险是最低的。所以要想办法主动获取目标用户的邮箱。具体做法是，通过找到目标购买产品和留评论的产品页面，将所有留评论的用户的邮箱信息拿到，给他们发邮件。例如，目标用户群是热爱运动的女性，就去类似卖瑜伽垫，和相关设备的亚马逊listing页面找目标的用户邮箱。但手工找这个邮箱比较麻烦，所以会用到工具amzdiscover。通过这种方法，获取review评论的概率非常大，因为用户精准，时间耗费少，账号风险，风险低，性价比比较高。</p></li></ul></li></ul>]]></content>
    
    <summary type="html">
    
      
      
        &lt;p&gt;原文：&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.amazon.com/gp/vine/help&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; rel=&quot;external&quot;&gt;What is Amazon Vine&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 id=&quot;Review&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;#Rev
      
    
    </summary>
    
      <category term="Amazon" scheme="http://blog.inesoi.com/categories/Amazon/"/>
    
    
      <category term="amazon" scheme="http://blog.inesoi.com/tags/amazon/"/>
    
  </entry>
  
  <entry>
    <title>Amazon open shop</title>
    <link href="http://blog.inesoi.com/amazon-open-shop.html"/>
    <id>http://blog.inesoi.com/amazon-open-shop.html</id>
    <published>2017-12-02T16:00:00.000Z</published>
    <updated>2018-07-27T14:52:01.000Z</updated>
    
    <content type="html"><![CDATA[<h2 id="开店"><a href="#开店" class="headerlink" title="开店"></a>开店</h2><ul><li><a href="https://gs.amazon.cn/" target="_blank" rel="external">亚马逊全球开店</a></li><li><a href="https://gs.amazon.cn/amazon-business.htm" target="_blank" rel="external">Amazon Business</a></li><li><a href="https://haimai.amazon.cn/" target="_blank" rel="external">全球开店助手</a></li><li><a href="https://gs.amazon.cn/policy.htm" target="_blank" rel="external">全球开店规则</a></li></ul><h2 id="工具"><a href="#工具" class="headerlink" title="工具"></a>工具</h2><ul><li><a href="http://www.amazon.com/gp/feedback/leave-consolidated-feedback.html" target="_blank" rel="external">Feedback 链接</a> 买家点击此链接可直接进入留feedback页面，找到你的订单即可</li><li><a href="http://www.amazon.com/review/review-your-purchases%23" target="_blank" rel="external">Review 链接</a> 让买家直接打开这个并找到你的产品留评。</li></ul><h2 id="店铺类型"><a href="#店铺类型" class="headerlink" title="店铺类型"></a>店铺类型</h2><p>亚马逊店铺只有两种：</p><ol><li>个人卖家 Individual</li><li>专业卖家 Pro</li></ol><p>两者之间可以切换。</p><h2 id="亚马逊市场"><a href="#亚马逊市场" class="headerlink" title="亚马逊市场"></a>亚马逊市场</h2><p>Amazon 全球14个分站分别是：中国、美国、加拿大、巴西、墨西哥、英国、德国、法国、西班牙、意大利、荷兰、日本、印度、澳大利亚 ；对中国开放的目前有10大站点，常用的站点有，北美账户，欧洲账户，日本账户；</p><p>北美账户覆盖美国，加拿大，墨西哥三个市场，即开启北美账户，意味着你的产品可以同步销售到<a href="http://amazon.comhttp://amazon.ca" target="_blank" rel="external">http://amazon.comhttp://amazon.ca</a> amazon.com.mx;欧洲账户，覆盖英国，法国，德国，意大利，西班牙5个地区，可统一管理，产品可以销售到这5个站点；</p><h2 id="黄页"><a href="#黄页" class="headerlink" title="黄页"></a>黄页</h2><ul><li><a href="http://www.amz123.com/" target="_blank" rel="external">AMZ123 亚马逊卖家网址导航</a></li><li><a href="https://sellercentral.amazon.com/forums/index.jspa" target="_blank" rel="external">Amazon Seller Forums</a></li></ul><h2 id="PrimeDay"><a href="#PrimeDay" class="headerlink" title="PrimeDay"></a>PrimeDay</h2><p>TODO</p><h2 id="A＋"><a href="#A＋" class="headerlink" title="A＋"></a>A＋</h2><h2 id="入仓"><a href="#入仓" class="headerlink" title="入仓"></a>入仓</h2><h2 id="FAQ"><a href="#FAQ" class="headerlink" title="FAQ"></a>FAQ</h2><h3 id="北美、欧洲和日本，亚马逊卖家应该如何抉择？"><a href="#北美、欧洲和日本，亚马逊卖家应该如何抉择？" class="headerlink" title="北美、欧洲和日本，亚马逊卖家应该如何抉择？"></a>北美、欧洲和日本，亚马逊卖家应该如何抉择？</h3><blockquote><p>作者：赢商荟老魏<br>链接：<a href="https://www.zhihu.com/question/58600154/answer/157646956" target="_blank" rel="external">https://www.zhihu.com/question/58600154/answer/157646956</a><br>来源：知乎<br>著作权归作者所有。商业转载请联系作者获得授权，非商业转载请注明出处。</p></blockquote><p>和Ebay、速卖通不同，亚马逊的卖家们，要想在亚马逊销售，必须针对不同的站点分别注册才能进行有针对性的销售，当前，对于亚马逊第三方卖家来说，我们可以参与经营的站点包括北美（美国、加拿大、墨西哥），欧洲站（英国、德国、法国、意大利、西班牙）和日本。</p><p>当面对这九个站点时，大部分卖家的选择一般是首选美国，原因在于美国站市场容量大，政策相对宽松，语言方面的难度比较小等等，但选择美国站的卖家也同时面临另外一个情况，那就是平台上卖家众多，竞争激烈，很多类目和产品已经处于白炽化的红海状态。<br>红海竞争激烈，利润空间越来越小，所以，很多卖家开始选择在欧洲站运营，选择欧洲站时，英国和德国成为大家的首选，欧洲站虽然利润较高，竞争也没有那么激烈，但VAT税仿佛是悬在头上的达摩克利斯之剑，你不知道什么时候它会掉下来，击得你粉身碎骨，所以，很多卖家在运营中往往会处于一种忐忑和纠结中。而且，有些卖家已经收到英国税务部门的通知，更有甚者，有卖家的账号已经因为税务部门要求做VAT税务申报账号也被平台暂停销售，所以，VAT税将是很多卖家在下一步运营中面临的一个绕不过的坎。</p><p>相比较而言，日本站因为语言方面的障碍，并没有成为卖家们关注的重点，但亚马逊日本站在最近两年整体销量呈现快速增长的趋势，增幅远远超过其他站点，因为卖家数量少，日本站卖家的销量和利润普遍较高，成了中国卖家可以运营的九个站点中为数不多的蓝海市场。</p><p>在亚马逊日本站，卖家数量少竞争不激烈只是其一，另一方面，因为中日两国相邻，物流成本低，时效快，对于卖家来说，在运营层面上会比欧洲站容易许多，而且，和欧洲各国相比，日本没有VAT税，运营中受政策层面上的影响较小。<br>虽然选择在日本站运营有有利因素，但想进入经营，选择优秀的日语运营人员是基础条件，语言障碍之外，卖家还需要有针对性的思考日本市场的选品。和欧美市场不同的是，日本国土面积小，人口比较密集，各种线下购物相对来说比较方便，这就要求卖家在选品时尽量避免选择价值太低的产品，除了价格之外，卖家还要避免选择日本自身具有优势的电子产品以及像马桶盖、电饭煲之类的产品，比较适合的产品是中国具有优势的产品，比如中国的纺织品等。</p><p>同时，运营过亚马逊各个站点的卖家一定能够感觉到，在对产品品质要求方面，日本顾客显然对品质标准要求更高，既要求高品质，同时还要求各种信息的精准，甚至包括产品说明书都需要尽可能的提供日文说明书才好。在产品规格方面，卖家也同样需要做到精准，因为日本居家面积偏小，如果购买的日常物件过大，实际空间就会不相配，所以，卖家在销售家居类或者家具类产品时，一定要在产品尺寸上做精细把握，否则，一颗粗枝大叶的心，恐怕难以在精细的日本市场获取期望的利润。</p>]]></content>
    
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        &lt;h2 id=&quot;开店&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;#开店&quot; class=&quot;headerlink&quot; title=&quot;开店&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;开店&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://gs.amazon.cn/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; rel=&quot;external&quot;&gt;亚
      
    
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      <category term="Amazon" scheme="http://blog.inesoi.com/categories/Amazon/"/>
    
    
      <category term="amazon" scheme="http://blog.inesoi.com/tags/amazon/"/>
    
  </entry>
  
  <entry>
    <title>外贸基础</title>
    <link href="http://blog.inesoi.com/fs-why.html"/>
    <id>http://blog.inesoi.com/fs-why.html</id>
    <published>2015-11-05T16:00:00.000Z</published>
    <updated>2018-08-19T10:09:33.811Z</updated>
    
    <content type="html"><![CDATA[<h2 id="Professionalism"><a href="#Professionalism" class="headerlink" title="Professionalism"></a>Professionalism</h2><ul><li>了解市场</li><li>懂谈判</li><li>专注细节</li><li>了解验货标准</li><li>培养独特的思维方式</li><li>危机处理的手段和意识</li><li>了解海外市场和一些区域市场</li><li>了解测试要求和相关法律法规</li><li>懂付款，懂单证</li><li>懂人文文化</li></ul><h2 id="Be-yourself-be-your-sole"><a href="#Be-yourself-be-your-sole" class="headerlink" title="Be yourself, be your sole"></a>Be yourself, be your sole</h2><pre><code>Be yourself, be your sole</code></pre><h2 id="Some-wrong-issues-amp-thinking-ways"><a href="#Some-wrong-issues-amp-thinking-ways" class="headerlink" title="Some wrong issues &amp; thinking ways"></a>Some wrong issues &amp; thinking ways</h2><ul><li>No price advantage, no quality advantage, how can i develop customers and get orders?</li><li>Platform is not good. No fairs, no B2B, how could I proceed?</li><li>We’re a trading company, not a factory. It is difficult to get orders.</li><li>Our product is raw material, our product is technical machinery, ect. I can’t make several suggestions on the packaging, the logo, the size, and so on.</li><li>Our products belong to standard items, with no differentiation. No cutomers will only focus on the price.</li></ul><h3 id="Price-amp-Quality"><a href="#Price-amp-Quality" class="headerlink" title="Price &amp; Quality"></a>Price &amp; Quality</h3><p>It is most confused by junior sales rep（初级销售代表）, especially by green hand(新手).</p><p>But actually, customer will not choose the best price or best quality. Because it couldn’t be calculated. They have to find a reference substance for comparison. If you cometitor quoted USD3.5/pc, so you offer USD4.2/pc was expensive.</p><p>However, if you couldn’t let customer to find a ref substance? What is the result? Cusomer cannot figure out the pricing is good or not. He could only compare with the retail price to evaluate the price, with no toher choice.</p><p>Then, quality, what is the most evidence? I think the testing report or testing regulation is the must. You could show customer your testing report or cert to demonstrate the quality.</p>]]></content>
    
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        &lt;h2 id=&quot;Professionalism&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;#Professionalism&quot; class=&quot;headerlink&quot; title=&quot;Professionalism&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;Professionalism&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;了解市场&lt;/li&gt;
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      <category term="Trade" scheme="http://blog.inesoi.com/categories/Trade/"/>
    
    
  </entry>
  
  <entry>
    <title>Alibaba - 营销</title>
    <link href="http://blog.inesoi.com/alibaba-marketing.html"/>
    <id>http://blog.inesoi.com/alibaba-marketing.html</id>
    <published>2015-10-22T16:00:00.000Z</published>
    <updated>2018-08-19T10:09:33.811Z</updated>
    
    <content type="html"><![CDATA[<p><a href="http://waimaoquan.alibaba.com/bbs/read-htm-tid-1934693-1-fid-253.html" target="_blank" rel="external">【官方帖】旺旺实时营销（5.7更新） -询盘和客户- 阿里巴巴外贸圈外贸论坛</a></p>]]></content>
    
    <summary type="html">
    
      
      
        &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://waimaoquan.alibaba.com/bbs/read-htm-tid-1934693-1-fid-253.html&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; rel=&quot;external&quot;&gt;【官方帖】旺旺实时营销（5.7更新） -询盘和客户-
      
    
    </summary>
    
      <category term="Bag" scheme="http://blog.inesoi.com/categories/Bag/"/>
    
    
  </entry>
  
  <entry>
    <title>如何快速找到你的标杆同行并分析出他们的橱窗关键词</title>
    <link href="http://blog.inesoi.com/alibaba-compitors.html"/>
    <id>http://blog.inesoi.com/alibaba-compitors.html</id>
    <published>2015-10-21T16:00:00.000Z</published>
    <updated>2018-08-19T10:09:33.811Z</updated>
    
    <content type="html"><![CDATA[<p><a href="http://waimaoquan.alibaba.com/bbs/read-htm-tid-2434037-1-fid-205.html" target="_blank" rel="external">数据管家—知己—我的产品升级啦！ -数据管家- 阿里巴巴外贸圈外贸论坛</a></p><p><strong>如何找出你的标杆同行（Top10）再分析出他们的橱窗关键词【干货】</strong> <strong><br>阿里国际站绝大多数海外客户都是通过搜索关键词来寻找合适的供应商，关键词就是营销客户的重要纽带，如果关键词没有选择好，就像射箭没有对准靶子，很多工作都是无效的。那些做得非常好的</strong>标杆同行选择的关键词**就是我们学习的参照的重要依据！ 俗话说，知彼知己百战不殆！<br>如何找到自己行业的标杆（Top10）同行呢？怎么知道这些标杆同行使用哪些关键词呢？<br>下面通过这个案例告诉大家！<br>第一步，找到自己的标杆同行   </p><ol><li>以mp3 player为例子，在阿里巴巴首页搜索你的行业关键词，例如mp3 player<br><img src="../resources/images/640" alt="" title="点击查看原图">   </li><li>拖到搜索页面的最底部，<strong>Popular Buying Requests for “**</strong>mp3 player<strong>**”,</strong>这些供应商是阿里智能挑选出这个关键词（mp3 player）做的相对比较好的标杆企业。<br><img src="../resources/images/640" alt="" title="点击查看原图"><br>注意，位置在搜索页面的底部，“<strong>Popular Buying Requests for</strong> <strong>关键词”就是这些阿里智能推荐的标杆企业。</strong>   </li><li>用他的公司名称，再去阿里搜索Supplier，获得标杆企业的阿里国际站网站（<a href="http://**.en.alibaba.com）" target="_blank" rel="external">http://**.en.alibaba.com）</a><br><img src="../resources/images/640" alt="" title="点击查看原图"><br>注意，不是选择产品，而且用同行名称搜索供应商！<br>第二步，分析同行用了哪些关键词   </li><li>进入阿里外贸导航<a href="http://www.vgmc.cn" target="_blank" rel="external">http://www.vgmc.cn</a> 点击同行橱窗查询<br><img src="../resources/images/640" alt="" title="点击查看原图">  </li><li>输入同行的国际站网站，点击查询<br><img src="../resources/images/640" alt="" title="点击查看原图"><br>非常简单，同行设置的橱窗关键词就完全一览无遗了！<br>此外，再推荐一个免费的长尾关键词工具给大家。<br><a href="http://www.vgmc.cn/seo/longkey.html" target="_blank" rel="external">http://www.vgmc.cn/seo/longkey.html</a>   **</li></ol><p><strong>图片：image011.png**</strong><figure class="image-bubble">                <div class="img-lightbox">                    <div class="overlay"></div>                    <img src="../resources/images/640" alt="" title="">                </div>                <div class="image-caption"></div>            </figure>**  </p><p><strong><figure class="image-bubble">                <div class="img-lightbox">                    <div class="overlay"></div>                    <img src="../resources/images/640" alt="" title="">                </div>                <div class="image-caption"></div>            </figure></strong></p>]]></content>
    
    <summary type="html">
    
      
      
        &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://waimaoquan.alibaba.com/bbs/read-htm-tid-2434037-1-fid-205.html&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; rel=&quot;external&quot;&gt;数据管家—知己—我的产品升级啦！ -数据管家- 阿里
      
    
    </summary>
    
      <category term="Trade" scheme="http://blog.inesoi.com/categories/Trade/"/>
    
    
  </entry>
  
  <entry>
    <title>Alibaba - 标题设置</title>
    <link href="http://blog.inesoi.com/alibaba-title.html"/>
    <id>http://blog.inesoi.com/alibaba-title.html</id>
    <published>2015-10-18T16:00:00.000Z</published>
    <updated>2018-08-19T10:09:33.810Z</updated>
    
    <content type="html"><![CDATA[<p>产品名称是买家搜索的第一匹配要素，名称的设置决定了买家是否能精准的搜索定位到你的产品，换句话说（同等产品信息质量的前提下）产品名称书写是否专业，决定了你的产品排名是否靠前。</p><p>好标题的基本模板：</p><ol><li>具有基本属性特征，大小，规格，材质，型号等。</li><li>区别于同行的特征：认证，特别市场，促销或独家卖点。</li></ol><p>基本模板：属性 1 + 属性 2 + 产品关键词, + (区别于同行的特征)</p><h2 id="和搜索词的相关性"><a href="#和搜索词的相关性" class="headerlink" title="和搜索词的相关性"></a>和搜索词的相关性</h2><p>以Snake sandal 举例：</p><p>如果买家在用Snake sandal 搜索产品的时，以下三种标题描述方式，从文本相关性上讲，都是一样的</p><ul><li>New model sexys woman shoes summer Snake print sandals 2014 </li><li>2014 Ladies nice snake skin hemp sole wedge sandals </li><li>Thong sandal snake cross</li></ul><p>所以不要盲目为了买家搜索词而不断新发产品、重复铺货。</p><h2 id="核心关键词后置"><a href="#核心关键词后置" class="headerlink" title="核心关键词后置"></a>核心关键词后置</h2><p>核心关键词后置，修饰词放前面。</p><p>修饰词 + 修饰词 + … + 核心词</p><p>18mm    Black         Film Faced Plywood</p><h2 id="for-和-with"><a href="#for-和-with" class="headerlink" title="for 和 with"></a>for 和 with</h2><p>产品名称中加 for 和 with 突出产品属性和用途的情况——标题中也可使用 with/for ，核心词在with/for前面。</p><p>China <strong>steel pipe</strong> export factory with astm jis din standard steel pipe </p><p>这个名称中核心词steel pipe放在了最后，但是也是错误的，因为在有with或者for系统会判断with\for前面的是核心词 </p><p>可以写成：</p><p><strong>steel pipe</strong> with ASTM DIN JIS Standard </p><p>再举个正确的例子：</p><ol><li>15mm film <strong>faced plywood</strong> for construction</li><li>full automatic <strong>packing machine</strong> with CE certificated</li></ol><h2 id="产品名称长度"><a href="#产品名称长度" class="headerlink" title="产品名称长度"></a>产品名称长度</h2><p>产品名称长度要适当，产品的名称能恰当的突出产品优势特性就最好！不要过短，也不要过长。买家搜索词是有50个字符限制的 ，名称写的太长了就跟买家搜索词匹配度不高。不要忘了：产品名称即产品标题是买家搜索的第一匹配要素。</p><h2 id="产品名称罗列和堆砌问题"><a href="#产品名称罗列和堆砌问题" class="headerlink" title="产品名称罗列和堆砌问题"></a>产品名称罗列和堆砌问题</h2><p>不要把多个关键词在名称中重复累加</p><p>产品标题中含多个不同的名称，买家用这些不同的名称搜索都能搜索到该产品吗？其实这是个误区，产品名称罗列和堆砌不但不会提升您产品的曝光可能，反而会降低您的产品与买家搜索词匹配的精度，从而影响搜索结果，影响排序。</p><p>Automatic sugar <strong>packaging machinery</strong>, salt <strong>packing maching</strong>, grain <strong>wrapping maching</strong></p><p>正确写法：</p><p>Automactic sugar packaging machinery</p><h2 id="特殊符号"><a href="#特殊符号" class="headerlink" title="特殊符号"></a>特殊符号</h2><p>产品名称中的特殊符号——慎用特殊符号</p><p>产品名称中慎用特殊符号 “/”、“ –”、 “( )”等，可能被系统默认成无法识别字符，影响排序。如需使用，请在符号前后加空格。</p><h2 id="See"><a href="#See" class="headerlink" title="See"></a>See</h2><ul><li><a href="http://service.alibaba.com/supplier/faq_detail/10469630.htm?id=10469630&amp;tracelog=ma_zsky_cpmc#1" target="_blank" rel="external">如何设置产品名称？ - 常见问题</a></li></ul>]]></content>
    
    <summary type="html">
    
      
      
        &lt;p&gt;产品名称是买家搜索的第一匹配要素，名称的设置决定了买家是否能精准的搜索定位到你的产品，换句话说（同等产品信息质量的前提下）产品名称书写是否专业，决定了你的产品排名是否靠前。&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;好标题的基本模板：&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ol&gt;
&lt;li&gt;具有基本属性特征，大小，规格，材质，型号
      
    
    </summary>
    
      <category term="Trade" scheme="http://blog.inesoi.com/categories/Trade/"/>
    
    
  </entry>
  
  <entry>
    <title>Alibaba - 关键词设置</title>
    <link href="http://blog.inesoi.com/alibaba-keywords.html"/>
    <id>http://blog.inesoi.com/alibaba-keywords.html</id>
    <published>2015-10-17T16:00:00.000Z</published>
    <updated>2018-08-19T10:09:33.810Z</updated>
    
    <content type="html"><![CDATA[<p>作用：产品关键词是对产品名称的校正，便于机器快速识别准确抓取匹配。跟您的产品排在第几名是没有关系的。</p><p>一个产品的多种叫法可以在关键词中体现，如“手机”的关键词可以是cellphone或mobile phone等。</p><p>See <a href="http://service.alibaba.com/supplier/faq_detail/10469854.htm?id=10469854&amp;tracelog=ma_zsky_cpgjc#wuqu" target="_blank" rel="external">如何设置产品关键词？ - 常见问题</a></p><h2 id="高质量关键词表"><a href="#高质量关键词表" class="headerlink" title="高质量关键词表"></a>高质量关键词表</h2><ul><li><a href="http://waimaoquan.alibaba.com/px/detail/video.htm?courseId=2344" target="_blank" rel="external">阿里巴巴与十四大道&mdash;&mdash;妈妈-阿里巴巴培训之家</a></li><li><a href="http://waimaoquan.alibaba.com/px/detail/video.htm?courseId=2345" target="_blank" rel="external">http://waimaoquan.alibaba.com/px/detail/video.htm?courseId=2345</a></li><li><a href="http://waimaoquan.alibaba.com/px/detail/video.htm?courseId=2670" target="_blank" rel="external">如何最少产品覆盖最多关键词</a></li></ul><p>产品名称和产片关键字常用的组合方式：</p><ol><li><p>产品名称 = 修饰语 + ABK</p><p> K1 = K；K2 = BK；K3 = ABK</p><p> 如： [Factory Price Mature Fuji] [Fresh] [Red] Apple</p><p> K1 = apple; K2 = red apple; K3 = fresh red apple</p></li><li><p>产品名称 = 修饰语 + AKB</p><p> K1 = K; K2 = AK; K3 = KB</p></li><li><p>产品名称 = 修饰语 + AKB, K2</p><p> K1 = AK, K2 = KB, K3 = K2</p><p> [Factory Price Mature Fujian] [red apple fresh], [red star apple]</p><p> K1 = red apple, K2 = apple fresh, K3 = red start apple</p></li><li><p>产品名称 = 修饰语 + AKB, CKD</p><p> K1 = AK, K2 = KB, K3 = CK(或 KD)</p><p> [Factory Price] Red Apple Fresh, Fuji Apple Mature</p><p> K1 = Red Apple,  K2 = Apple Fresh, K3 = Fuji Apple</p></li><li><p>产品名称 = 修饰 + K1, K2, K3</p><p> K1 = K1, K2 = K2, K3 = K3</p><p> [Factory Price] golden delicious apple, red chief apple, fresh apple fruit for sals</p><p> K1 = golden delicious apple, K2 = red chief apple, fresh apple gruit for sale</p></li></ol><p>###　阿里站内搜索</p><ul><li>数据管家/热门搜索词</li><li>数据管家/我的词</li><li>数据管家/我的产品/词来源</li><li>P4P 词。外贸直通车/行业关联词</li><li>蓝海词。发布产品时出现的蓝海词推荐，不是热门搜索词，但是一旦曝光，转化率较高。</li><li>数据管家/行业视角/淘词</li><li>首页关联词<ul><li>主页搜索框中根据输入推荐的关键词。</li><li>搜索结果页面的 “Related Searches”</li></ul></li><li>同行词/源代码 在同行的产品页面，查看其源代码，查看 keywords 的内容。</li><li>外贸邮/买家最近搜索</li><li>数据管家/访客详情/常用搜索词</li><li>数据管家/RFQ 商机</li></ul><p>###　阿里站外搜索</p><ul><li><a href="https://adwords.google.com" target="_blank" rel="external">Google AdWords</a></li><li><a href="https://translate.google.com/globalmarketfinder/g/index.html" target="_blank" rel="external">谷歌全球商机洞察</a></li><li>国外各大搜索引擎及关键词工具<ul><li><a href="http://www.wordtracker.com/" target="_blank" rel="external">Keyword Research Tools from Wordtracker</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="http://keywordtool.io/" target="_blank" rel="external">http://keywordtool.io/</a></li></ul><h2 id="关键词搜索工具汇总"><a href="#关键词搜索工具汇总" class="headerlink" title="关键词搜索工具汇总"></a>关键词搜索工具汇总</h2><ol><li><p>谷歌全球商机洞察，查找英文关键词请看具体操作链接 </p><p> <a href="http://waimaoquan.alibaba.com/bbs/read-htm-tid-474111-fid-47.html" target="_blank" rel="external">http://waimaoquan.alibaba.com/bbs/read-htm-tid-474111-fid-47.html</a> </p><p> 面对如今的多语言蓝海市场，这个工具发挥更大作用，因为使用这个工具可以看到很多国家的关键词，全世界各个国家的官方语言，都会有对应的产品关键词，比如巴西官方语言是葡萄牙语，在巴西这个国家下面就能够显示葡萄牙语关键词，其他国家依此类推，具体操作链接如下： </p></li><li><p>Keywordspy, 具体操作链接</p><p> <a href="http://waimaoquan.alibaba.com/bbs/read-htm-tid-713647-fid-47.html" target="_blank" rel="external">http://waimaoquan.alibaba.com/bbs/read-htm-tid-713647-fid-47.html</a> </p><p> 这个网站不仅可以获取一些关键词，还可以看到同行一些国际品牌的网站。另外，每个关键词有搜索热度和点击付费参考，这对我们操作P4P有一定借鉴作用。</p></li></ol><ol><li><p>Triplify，具体操作链接</p><p> <a href="http://waimaoquan.alibaba.com/bbs/read-htm-tid-719261-fid-47.html" target="_blank" rel="external">http://waimaoquan.alibaba.com/bbs/read-htm-tid-719261-fid-47.html</a> </p><p> 这个工具不用注册直接输入产品关键词搜索就可以看到同行的网站，从他们的网站不仅可以搜集关键词，还可以开发客户，最好的卖家就是最好的买家，询盘少有空可以发开发信给他们，主动出击。 </p></li></ol><ol><li><p>Keyworddiscovery，具体操作链接 </p><p> <a href="http://waimaoquan.alibaba.com/bbs/read-htm-tid-724925-fid-47.html" target="_blank" rel="external">http://waimaoquan.alibaba.com/bbs/read-htm-tid-724925-fid-47.html</a> </p><p> 这个因为是免费版的，搜索结果有限，分享只是希望大家能多了解一种关键词搜索工具，虽然得到关键词不多，但可以扩充知识，有兴趣的可以试试。</p></li></ol><ol><li><p>Wordtracker，具体操作链接</p><p> <a href="http://waimaoquan.alibaba.com/bbs/read-htm-tid-721801-fid-47.html" target="_blank" rel="external">http://waimaoquan.alibaba.com/bbs/read-htm-tid-721801-fid-47.html</a> </p><p> 这个工具因为我没有那几种信用卡号，注册不了，有信用卡的朋友可以试试。</p></li></ol><ol><li><p>关键词延伸表，具体操作链接如下： </p><p> <a href="http://waimaoquan.alibaba.com/bbs/read-htm-tid-732901-fid-47.html" target="_blank" rel="external">http://waimaoquan.alibaba.com/bbs/read-htm-tid-732901-fid-47.html</a> </p><p> 以上6种方法是扩展关键词工具，如果在阿里平台发布产品，首先要把阿里数据管家热门搜索词全部覆盖，再用以上6种工具扩充，不要本末倒置哦。</p></li></ol>]]></content>
    
    <summary type="html">
    
      
      
        &lt;p&gt;作用：产品关键词是对产品名称的校正，便于机器快速识别准确抓取匹配。跟您的产品排在第几名是没有关系的。&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;一个产品的多种叫法可以在关键词中体现，如“手机”的关键词可以是cellphone或mobile phone等。&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;See &lt;a href=&quot;htt
      
    
    </summary>
    
      <category term="Trade" scheme="http://blog.inesoi.com/categories/Trade/"/>
    
    
  </entry>
  
  <entry>
    <title>箱包 - Message Bag</title>
    <link href="http://blog.inesoi.com/bag-message-bag.html"/>
    <id>http://blog.inesoi.com/bag-message-bag.html</id>
    <published>2015-10-12T16:00:00.000Z</published>
    <updated>2018-08-19T10:09:33.809Z</updated>
    
    <content type="html"><![CDATA[<h2 id="分类"><a href="#分类" class="headerlink" title="分类"></a>分类</h2><ul><li>Laptop Messenger Bags (523)</li><li>Messenger Bags (887)</li><li>Shoulder Messenger Bags (282)</li><li>Slings (264)</li></ul><h2 id="Message-Bag-Feature"><a href="#Message-Bag-Feature" class="headerlink" title="Message Bag Feature"></a>Message Bag Feature</h2><ul><li>Anti-Theft (9)</li><li>Checkpoint Friendly (16)</li><li>eBags Exclusive (4)</li><li>Eco Friendly (20)</li><li>Holds Yoga Mat (1)</li><li>iPad &amp; Tablet Pocket (125)</li><li>Kindle &amp; eReader Pocket (30)</li><li>Luggage Strap (287)</li><li>Made in the USA (4)</li><li>Organizer Panel (298)</li><li>Premium (15)</li><li>RFID Blocking (11)</li><li>Vertical (104)</li><li>Waist Belt (5)</li><li>Water Bottle Pocket (28)</li><li>Water Resistant (14)</li><li>Without Laptop Pocket (141)</li></ul><p>Boys (3)<br>Girls (33)<br>Kids (10)<br>Men’s (787)<br>Women’s (168)</p><h2 id="Lining"><a href="#Lining" class="headerlink" title="Lining"></a>Lining</h2><p>TPU liner</p><h2 id="专业名词"><a href="#专业名词" class="headerlink" title="专业名词"></a>专业名词</h2><ul><li>floating pad 移动垫</li><li>laptop compartment </li><li>front flap 前盖</li><li>lined(internal) pocket for phone or sunglasses 内里口袋</li><li>Slip rear pocket 后滑袋</li><li>shoulder strap 肩带</li><li>tablet slip pocket 平板滑带</li><li>zippered pocket 拉链口袋<ul><li>Internal see-through zippered pocket 透明口袋</li></ul></li><li>Side water bottle pockets 侧水瓶袋</li><li>compression straps 压缩带</li><li>front zip pocket 前幅拉链袋</li><li>Mesh beverage pockets 网状饮料袋</li><li>Flapover construction with two hidden magnetic closures 带隐藏磁扣的盖结构</li><li>rear exterior full length open pocket  尾部全长袋</li><li>Suspended Back Panel with integrated trolley system attachment 旅行箱停靠面板</li><li>Velcro front closure 魔术贴</li><li>Fleece-lined computer pocket 背绒计算机口袋</li><li>key clip 钥匙扣</li><li>Easy grip top handle 易握手柄</li><li>Trolley slip pocket at back</li><li>Pushlock</li></ul><p>Exterior zippered pocket on flap has moisture-shedding reverse coil zipper 反向防潮拉链。</p><p>Fully adjustable shoulder strap with a permanent, super comfortable airmesh strap pad. 网状肩垫。</p><p>Back pass through secures the bag to the handle of your wheeled travel piece 后手提的好处。</p><p>Dedicated tablet slip pocket with soft nylex lining 常用于隔离 tablet 的里布。</p><h2 id="Description"><a href="#Description" class="headerlink" title="Description"></a>Description</h2><ul><li><a href="http://www.ebags.com/product/stm-bags/trust-medium-shoulder-bag/274917?productid=10368116" target="_blank" rel="external">STM Bags Trust Medium Shoulder Bag - eBags.com</a></li></ul>]]></content>
    
    <summary type="html">
    
      
      
        &lt;h2 id=&quot;分类&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;#分类&quot; class=&quot;headerlink&quot; title=&quot;分类&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;分类&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Laptop Messenger Bags (523)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Messenger Bags (887)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;
      
    
    </summary>
    
      <category term="Bag" scheme="http://blog.inesoi.com/categories/Bag/"/>
    
    
  </entry>
  
  <entry>
    <title>箱包 - 化妆包</title>
    <link href="http://blog.inesoi.com/bag-cosmetic-bag.html"/>
    <id>http://blog.inesoi.com/bag-cosmetic-bag.html</id>
    <published>2015-10-07T16:00:00.000Z</published>
    <updated>2018-08-19T10:09:33.809Z</updated>
    
    <content type="html"><![CDATA[<p>Toiletry Kit/Cosmetic Bag</p><p>Pack-it-Flat Toiletry Kit</p><p>Cosmetic Pouch</p><p>Durable, lightweight and water repellent</p><p>Freezable Lunch Bag with Zip Closure</p><p>Extra Large Insulated Cooler Bag </p><h2 id="Feature"><a href="#Feature" class="headerlink" title="Feature"></a>Feature</h2><p>Water-resistant and anti-staining properties</p><p>Main compartment is wet/dry to keep leaks from spreading？</p><p>Rubber feet lift kit off wet surfaces</p><h3 id="Waterproof"><a href="#Waterproof" class="headerlink" title="Waterproof"></a>Waterproof</h3><p>Water-resistant interior for easy cleaning</p><h3 id="Hanging-hook"><a href="#Hanging-hook" class="headerlink" title="Hanging hook"></a>Hanging hook</h3><p>Includes a removable hanging hook for those who prefer a countertop kit</p><p>Hangs conveniently for easy access</p><p>Stow-away swivel non-slip hook for versatile hanging options</p><p>Top hook allows case to hang from a shower bar or towel rack</p><p><img src="../resources/images/cosmetic-bag-hanging-hook.jpeg" height="500"></p><p>Hang strap fits over most hooks and towel bars</p><h3 id="Compartments"><a href="#Compartments" class="headerlink" title="Compartments"></a>Compartments</h3><p>Four separate compartments, each 2.25”D x 9.25”W - center section is 7.75” wide and right side expands to 3.5”</p><p>Center section - 7.75” wide - has a cut-away opening to hold things in place when hanging</p><p>Two mesh retainer pockets with elastic binding and an upper mesh pocket that nests into the opening when closed</p><p>Left section is 3.75” wide and lined with PVC film to store damp contents</p><p>Right section measures 2.5” wide and the expansion zipper increases the width to 3-1/2” wide</p><p><img src="../resources/images/cosmetic-compartments.jpeg" height="500"></p><p>Roomy compartment holds full size bottles or clothing</p><p>Adjustable fastener keeps it closed for convenient packing, Multiple pockets and compartments for maximum organization</p><p><img src="../resources/images/cosmetic-fastener.jpeg" height="500"></p><h3 id="Organizer"><a href="#Organizer" class="headerlink" title="Organizer"></a>Organizer</h3><p>Cosmetic organizer zips to form travel case</p><h3 id="Elastic-loops"><a href="#Elastic-loops" class="headerlink" title="Elastic loops"></a>Elastic loops</h3><p>Elastic loops holds bottles upright</p><h3 id="Top-grab-handle-and-removable-shoulder-strap"><a href="#Top-grab-handle-and-removable-shoulder-strap" class="headerlink" title="Top grab handle and removable shoulder strap"></a>Top grab handle and removable shoulder strap</h3><p>top handle for easy carrying.</p><h3 id="main-compartment"><a href="#main-compartment" class="headerlink" title="main compartment"></a>main compartment</h3><p>Large main compartment features mesh divider, zippered pocket and pocket with easy-to-clean antibacterial lining helping to prevent the growth of odor-, mildew- and mold-causing bacteria</p><p>Double zip openings reveals main compartment</p><p><img src="../resources/images/cosmetic-double-opening-zip.jpeg" height="500"></p><p>Easy-access doctor bag-style opening</p><p><img src="../resources/images/cosmetic-doctor-stype.jpeg" height="500"></p><h3 id="silnylon-ripstop"><a href="#silnylon-ripstop" class="headerlink" title="silnylon ripstop"></a>silnylon ripstop</h3><p>Ultra lightweight silnylon ripstop allows for visibility of contents</p><h2 id="Pockets"><a href="#Pockets" class="headerlink" title="Pockets"></a>Pockets</h2><p>Inside zip pocket and elastic compartments.</p><h2 id="Explain-3-1-1-Rule-for-Air-Travel"><a href="#Explain-3-1-1-Rule-for-Air-Travel" class="headerlink" title="Explain 3-1-1 Rule for Air Travel"></a>Explain 3-1-1 Rule for Air Travel</h2><p>See <a href="http://traveltips.usatoday.com/explain-3-1-1-rule-air-travel-11207.html" target="_blank" rel="external">http://traveltips.usatoday.com/explain-3-1-1-rule-air-travel-11207.html</a></p><p>The Transportation Security Administration, or TSA, sets and enforces the rules for air travel in the United States. Its 3-1-1 rule limits the amount of liquid a passenger can bring on in airplane in his carry-on baggage. These limits were put in place in 2006, following a foiled plot to bomb airplanes using liquids as explosives. Knowing the 3-1-1 rules can help you pack successfully for your trip.</p><h3 id="Rules"><a href="#Rules" class="headerlink" title="Rules"></a>Rules</h3><p>The 3-1-1 rule limits the amount of liquid you can bring on an airplane in your carry-on luggage. Passengers are limited to using containers no larger than <strong>3</strong>.4 oz. for their liquids. All containers of liquid which must be placed in a <strong>1 qt</strong>., transparent, plastic, sealable bag. <strong>Each passenger</strong> may have only one bag for liquids. Passengers can bring on as many 3.4-oz. containers as they can fit in the quart-sized bag when it is sealed.</p><h3 id="Exceptions"><a href="#Exceptions" class="headerlink" title="Exceptions"></a>Exceptions</h3><p>The TSA allows a very limited number of exceptions to the 3-1-1 rule. Passengers can pack in their carry-on bags medicine, baby formula and food, breast milk, liquids such as water or orange juice for passengers with a special condition and frozen items–even if the item exceeds the 3-1-1 limits. The TSA says passengers should carry on only what will be needed during the flight but does not place a specific volume limit, saying only that these exceptions are allowed in “reasonable quantities.”</p><h2 id="Prop"><a href="#Prop" class="headerlink" title="Prop"></a>Prop</h2><p>CA Prop 65 compliant hardware (no lead, nickel or cadmium)</p><p>Eco friendly. HADAKI products are AZO free. We use no Phthalates/DEHP, DBP, or BOP.</p>]]></content>
    
    <summary type="html">
    
      
      
        &lt;p&gt;Toiletry Kit/Cosmetic Bag&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Pack-it-Flat Toiletry Kit&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Cosmetic Pouch&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Durable, lightweight and water repellent&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;F
      
    
    </summary>
    
      <category term="Bag" scheme="http://blog.inesoi.com/categories/Bag/"/>
    
    
  </entry>
  
  <entry>
    <title>箱包 - 冰包</title>
    <link href="http://blog.inesoi.com/bag-cooler-bag.html"/>
    <id>http://blog.inesoi.com/bag-cooler-bag.html</id>
    <published>2015-10-07T16:00:00.000Z</published>
    <updated>2018-08-19T10:09:33.809Z</updated>
    
    <content type="html"><![CDATA[<h2 id="Category"><a href="#Category" class="headerlink" title="Category"></a>Category</h2><p>Coolers &amp; Insulated Bags</p><ul><li>Lunch Bags</li><li>Coolers</li><li>Bottle Holders &amp; Flasks</li></ul><h2 id="Lining"><a href="#Lining" class="headerlink" title="Lining"></a>Lining</h2><p>Bottom “cold” compartment is insulated on all six sides and has a welded replaceable PVC-free <strong>PEVA</strong> liner</p><p>Lining is made of <strong>BOPET</strong> material. This lining complies with the lead standards mandated by the state of California</p><p>PVC, BPA &amp; Phthalate-free</p><p>Foil lining</p><p>PVC-, BPA-, phthalate- and lead-free</p><p>vinyl lining</p><p>Gray PEVA lining is easy to clean and PVC free</p><p>常用的里布：</p><ul><li><p>Aluminum + PEVA Lining</p></li><li><p>Aluminum Foil</p><p>  <img src="../resources/images/lunch-bag-lining-foil.jpeg" height="500"></p></li><li><p>EVA</p><p>  <img src="../resources/images/lunch-bag-lining-eva.jpeg" height="500"></p></li><li><p>PEVA</p></li></ul><p><img src="../resources/images/lunch-bag-lining-peva.jpeg" height="500"></p><ul><li><p>BOPET</p><p>  应该就是铝膜。</p></li><li><p>PVC/vinyl</p></li></ul><h2 id="Cooler"><a href="#Cooler" class="headerlink" title="Cooler"></a>Cooler</h2><p>.35mm thick PEVA</p><p>25% more foam - stay cooler larger.</p><h2 id="Material"><a href="#Material" class="headerlink" title="Material"></a>Material</h2><h3 id="EVA-vs-PEVA"><a href="#EVA-vs-PEVA" class="headerlink" title="EVA vs PEVA"></a>EVA vs PEVA</h3><p>See <a href="http://www.debralynndadd.com/q-a/peva-vs-eva-shower-curtain/" target="_blank" rel="external">PEVA vs. EVA shower curtain - Live Toxic Free</a></p><p><strong>Question from HEG</strong></p><p>I went to Target looking for alternatives to vinyl shower curtains and I found both EVA and PEVA ones. What is the difference and is there one that is less toxic than the other?</p><p>Thank you</p><p><strong>Debra’s Answer</strong></p><p>PEVA is a nontoxic vinyl (it doesn’t have the chlorine molecule that makes PVC toxic). I used a PEVA shower curtain in a rented apartment for three months. It worked great and doesn’t smell at all.</p><p>EVA is Ethylene vinyl acetate, a copolymer of ethylene and vinyl acetate.</p><p>Both of these are plastics made from petrochemicals, but they have very low toxicity.</p><p>Either a PEVA or an EVA shower curtain would be better than a PVC shower curtain.</p><h3 id="PVC-vs-PEVA"><a href="#PVC-vs-PEVA" class="headerlink" title="PVC vs PEVA"></a>PVC vs PEVA</h3><p>See <a href="http://www.gorillamarketing.net/news/pvc-vs-peva.html" target="_blank" rel="external">PVC vs PEVA: What’s the difference?</a></p><p>Most consumers will know PVC by the commonly used name “vinyl”.  PVC is short for polyvinyl chloride, and is most notably used to line shower curtains and other items made of plastic. So what is PEVA, you ask? PEVA is an alternative to PVC. Polyethylene vinyl acetate (PEVA) is a non-chlorinated vinyl and has become the common substitute in several products on the market. </p><p><img src="../resources/images/plastic%20vinyl.jpg" alt="" title="plastic vinyl"></p><p>WAIT! This does not mean you need to throw out products made with PVC! Vinyl exists in many of the products we know and use today. It is one of the most widely produced plastic in the world! While there are other, safer options, the health risks for vinyl are minimal and only exist with acute exposure. So, unless you are living and working in a vinyl-lined room with all vinyl products, your exposure level is low. We only hope to give you more information about the products you most commonly buy and use, not to worry you.</p><p>Big words for small items, right? Consumers are becoming more conscientious of the products they purchase and we work with suppliers that offer products made with PEVA. A smart consumer is one who is aware of <a href="http://www.gorillamarketing.net/poly-pure-bottle.html" target="_blank" rel="external">safer and healthier products</a> that exist on the market. Just because PEVA is chlorine free, it doesn’t make it perfect, but it makes it better. What types of products are being made with PEVA? The most common items are table coverings, car covers, cosmetic bags, baby bibs, lunch coolers, and suit/clothes covers, but as the trend picks up steam, there are sure to be more products made with PEVA.</p><figure class="image-bubble">                <div class="img-lightbox">                    <div class="overlay"></div>                    <img src="../resources/images/car%20cover.jpg" alt="" title="">                </div>                <div class="image-caption"></div>            </figure><p>If you are looking to create a healthier lifestyle for you, your family, or your customers consider asking the question: “Is this product made with PVC or PEVA?” Not only will you be taking a step in ‘healthier’ direction, you’ll sound pretty cool doing it!</p><p>Interested in a PEVA product? Check out our summer deal for a <a href="http://www.gorillamarketing.net/clique-6-pack-cooler.html" target="_blank" rel="external">Clique 6 pack cooler </a>with PEVA lining!  If you do want to learn more about the effects of vinyl visit <a href="http://www.osha.gov/" target="_blank" rel="external">www.osha.gov</a>.   </p>]]></content>
    
    <summary type="html">
    
      
      
        &lt;h2 id=&quot;Category&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;#Category&quot; class=&quot;headerlink&quot; title=&quot;Category&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;Category&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;Coolers &amp;amp; Insulated Bags&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Lunc
      
    
    </summary>
    
      <category term="Bag" scheme="http://blog.inesoi.com/categories/Bag/"/>
    
    
  </entry>
  
  <entry>
    <title>箱包 - 腰包</title>
    <link href="http://blog.inesoi.com/bag-wasit-bag.html"/>
    <id>http://blog.inesoi.com/bag-wasit-bag.html</id>
    <published>2015-10-05T16:00:00.000Z</published>
    <updated>2018-08-19T10:09:33.809Z</updated>
    
    <content type="html"><![CDATA[<p>Waist Bag/ Waist Pack</p><p>Fanny Pack/ Waist Pack / Hip Bag<br>Vortex Lumbar Pack<br>Lightweight Travel Mini Hip Pack<br>DayLight Lumbar Pack</p><p>Fanny Packs, Lumbar Packs, &amp; Waist Packs</p><p>Lightweight<br>avel Hip Pack<br>VERSIPACK<br>Versatile<br>Small Adonis Genuine Leather Waist Purse Fanny Pack</p><h2 id="Structure"><a href="#Structure" class="headerlink" title="Structure"></a>Structure</h2><p><img src="../resources/images/waist-bag-structure.jpeg" height="500"></p><p><img src="../resources/images/waist-bag-constructure-2.jpeg" height="500"></p><h2 id="Material"><a href="#Material" class="headerlink" title="Material"></a>Material</h2><h2 id="Feature"><a href="#Feature" class="headerlink" title="Feature"></a>Feature</h2><ul><li>Slash-proof construction</li><li>Lightweight</li><li>Slim profile</li></ul><h3 id="Font-Compartment"><a href="#Font-Compartment" class="headerlink" title="Font Compartment"></a>Font Compartment</h3><p>Front compartment has organizer with RFID blocking card and passport slots, zip wall pocket and pen loop</p><p><img src="../resources/images/waist-bag-main-compartment.jpeg" height="500"></p><h3 id="main-compartment"><a href="#main-compartment" class="headerlink" title="main compartment"></a>main compartment</h3><p>Roomy main compartment with zip wall pocket</p><p>Stylish Canvas Waist Pack</p><p>Main compartment contains dividers for organization</p><p>Spacious main compartment with single zip-opening and an interior zip-pocket.</p><p><img src="../resources/images/waist-bag-main-compartment.jpeg" height="500"></p><h3 id="tear-and-weather-resistant"><a href="#tear-and-weather-resistant" class="headerlink" title="tear- and weather-resistant"></a>tear- and weather-resistant</h3><p>tear- and weather-resistant nylon ripstop</p><h3 id="RFID"><a href="#RFID" class="headerlink" title="RFID"></a>RFID</h3><p>Front organizer with RFID blocking card and passport slots</p><p>RFID-blocking pocket and Smart zipper security</p><h3 id="Waist-strap"><a href="#Waist-strap" class="headerlink" title="Waist strap"></a>Waist strap</h3><p>Adjustable, cut-proof waist strap</p><p>Tuck-away waistbelt</p><p>Lockable &amp; Slashproof detachable Carrysafe® shoulder strap</p><p>Soft herringbone webbing belt lets you carry comfortably around the waist or bandolier style</p><p>Accommodates waist to size 44”</p><p>Two carry options: removable cross-body shoulder strap and Zip-away adjustable waist belt</p><p>Padded waist belt with small sleeve pockets ideal for keeping your power-gel snacks</p><p><img src="../resources/images/waist-bag-belt-pocket.jpeg" height="500"></p><h3 id="Side-Compression-Strap"><a href="#Side-Compression-Strap" class="headerlink" title="Side Compression Strap"></a>Side Compression Strap</h3><p>Adjustable side compression straps secure and stabilize gear.</p><p><img src="../resources/images/waist-bag-side-compression-straps.jpeg" height="500"></p><h3 id="Rear-Pocket"><a href="#Rear-Pocket" class="headerlink" title="Rear Pocket"></a>Rear Pocket</h3><p>Quick access back pocket holds smart phone</p><p>One secure zippered pocket on the back</p><p>Rear zip-pocket for extra security.</p><p>There is also a zippered pocket on the rear exterior for extra security</p><h3 id="LED-light"><a href="#LED-light" class="headerlink" title="LED light"></a>LED light</h3><p>Includes tethered key clip with LED light</p><h3 id="Drainage-grommets"><a href="#Drainage-grommets" class="headerlink" title="Drainage grommets"></a>Drainage grommets</h3><p>Drainage grommets in front, main, and rear compartments</p><p><img src="../resources/images/waist-bag-drainage-grommets.jpeg" height="500"></p><p>Max waist size 48”</p><h3 id="Torch-Lair"><a href="#Torch-Lair" class="headerlink" title="Torch-Lair"></a>Torch-Lair</h3><p>Torch-Lair can hold a medium to large size flashlight</p><p><img src="../resources/images/waist-bag-torch-lair.jpeg" height="500"></p><h3 id="Back-Panel"><a href="#Back-Panel" class="headerlink" title="Back Panel"></a>Back Panel</h3><p>HEX-VENT mesh padded back panel wicks body moisture and provides superior comfort and provides superior comfort. </p><p>High breathability mesh backing for ventilation</p><h3 id="Organizer"><a href="#Organizer" class="headerlink" title="Organizer"></a>Organizer</h3><p>Internal organizer panel with key hook</p><p><img src="../resources/images/waist-bag-key-hook.jpeg" height="500"></p><h2 id="Pocket"><a href="#Pocket" class="headerlink" title="Pocket"></a>Pocket</h2><h3 id="Side-Water-Pocket"><a href="#Side-Water-Pocket" class="headerlink" title="Side Water Pocket"></a>Side Water Pocket</h3><p>Pull out water bottle pocket, zips away when not in use</p><p><img src="../resources/images/waist-bag-water-pocket.jpeg" height="500"></p><p>Dual side water bottle pockets equipped with two BPA free 500 ml soft-touch sports bottles</p><h3 id="Webbing-daisy-chain"><a href="#Webbing-daisy-chain" class="headerlink" title="Webbing daisy chain"></a>Webbing daisy chain</h3><p>Webbing daisy chain loop to attach a carabiner or bike LED blinker</p><p><img src="../resources/images/waist-bag-webbing-daisy-chain.jpeg" height="500"></p><h3 id="velcro-closed-pocket"><a href="#velcro-closed-pocket" class="headerlink" title="velcro-closed pocket"></a>velcro-closed pocket</h3><h3 id="Button-Closure"><a href="#Button-Closure" class="headerlink" title="Button Closure"></a>Button Closure</h3><p>Flap over two straps button closure</p><p><img src="../resources/images/waist-bag-two straps button closure.jpeg" height="500"></p>]]></content>
    
    <summary type="html">
    
      
      
        &lt;p&gt;Waist Bag/ Waist Pack&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Fanny Pack/ Waist Pack / Hip Bag&lt;br&gt;Vortex Lumbar Pack&lt;br&gt;Lightweight Travel Mini Hip Pack&lt;br&gt;DayLight Lumba
      
    
    </summary>
    
      <category term="Bag" scheme="http://blog.inesoi.com/categories/Bag/"/>
    
    
  </entry>
  
  <entry>
    <title>箱包 - 水袋包</title>
    <link href="http://blog.inesoi.com/bag-hydration-pack.html"/>
    <id>http://blog.inesoi.com/bag-hydration-pack.html</id>
    <published>2015-10-05T16:00:00.000Z</published>
    <updated>2018-08-19T10:09:33.808Z</updated>
    
    <content type="html"><![CDATA[<h3 id="Hydration-reservoir-compartment"><a href="#Hydration-reservoir-compartment" class="headerlink" title="Hydration reservoir compartment"></a>Hydration reservoir compartment</h3><p>Separate, side-access hydration reservoir compartment makes it easy to access your water supply</p><p><img src="../resources/images/hydration system.jpeg" height="400"></p><p>Zippered shoulder strap hose jacket helps protect it from the elements</p><h3 id="hydration-system"><a href="#hydration-system" class="headerlink" title="hydration system"></a>hydration system</h3><p>2-liter hydration system has a wide opening reservoir for easy filling and cleaning. System is BPA free and antimicrobial</p><p>Hands-free reservoir pressure valve</p><p>a zippered shoulder strap hose jacket,</p><p>Insulated water tube cover helps to prevent water from freezing in tube </p><p>Elastic loops for convenient hydration hose positioning 弹性环，方便水化软管定位</p><h3 id="Front-pocket"><a href="#Front-pocket" class="headerlink" title="Front pocket"></a>Front pocket</h3><p>Hinged front pocket holds a helmet</p><p>Front zippered pocket holds bicycle tools, accessories or media player</p><p><img src="../resources/images/hydration-helmet-front-pocket.jpeg" height="400"></p><h3 id="Main-Pocket"><a href="#Main-Pocket" class="headerlink" title="Main Pocket"></a>Main Pocket</h3><p>Large, front-load main compartment holds gear</p><h3 id="Strap"><a href="#Strap" class="headerlink" title="Strap"></a>Strap</h3><p>HEX-VENT mesh adjustable backpack straps</p><h3 id="Paded-Back"><a href="#Paded-Back" class="headerlink" title="Paded Back"></a>Paded Back</h3><p>HEX-VENT mesh padded back wicks moisture</p><h3 id="Adjustable-waist-belt"><a href="#Adjustable-waist-belt" class="headerlink" title="Adjustable waist belt"></a>Adjustable waist belt</h3><p>Tuck-away, adjustable waist belt secures the pack</p><h3 id="sternum-strap"><a href="#sternum-strap" class="headerlink" title="sternum strap"></a>sternum strap</h3><p>Adjustable sternum strap helps stabilize the pack</p><h3 id="Reflective-loop-holds-a-bike-LED-blinker"><a href="#Reflective-loop-holds-a-bike-LED-blinker" class="headerlink" title="Reflective loop holds a bike LED blinker"></a>Reflective loop holds a bike LED blinker</h3>]]></content>
    
    <summary type="html">
    
      
      
        &lt;h3 id=&quot;Hydration-reservoir-compartment&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;#Hydration-reservoir-compartment&quot; class=&quot;headerlink&quot; title=&quot;Hydration reservoir compartmen
      
    
    </summary>
    
      <category term="Bag" scheme="http://blog.inesoi.com/categories/Bag/"/>
    
    
  </entry>
  
  <entry>
    <title>箱包 - 专业英语</title>
    <link href="http://blog.inesoi.com/bag-english.html"/>
    <id>http://blog.inesoi.com/bag-english.html</id>
    <published>2015-10-05T16:00:00.000Z</published>
    <updated>2018-08-19T10:09:33.808Z</updated>
    
    <content type="html"><![CDATA[<p>whistle buckle 哨子扣<br>Ergonomic 人体工程学</p><ul><li><a href="http://bbs.fobshanghai.com/thread-1051201-1-1.html" target="_blank" rel="external">[分享]箱包英语 - 箱包 - 轻工品 - 福步外贸论坛(FOB Business Forum)</a></li></ul>]]></content>
    
    <summary type="html">
    
      
      
        &lt;p&gt;whistle buckle 哨子扣&lt;br&gt;Ergonomic 人体工程学&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://bbs.fobshanghai.com/thread-1051201-1-1.html&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; rel=&quot;exte
      
    
    </summary>
    
      <category term="Bag" scheme="http://blog.inesoi.com/categories/Bag/"/>
    
    
  </entry>
  
  <entry>
    <title>箱包 - 配件</title>
    <link href="http://blog.inesoi.com/bag-parts.html"/>
    <id>http://blog.inesoi.com/bag-parts.html</id>
    <published>2015-10-04T16:00:00.000Z</published>
    <updated>2018-08-19T10:09:33.808Z</updated>
    
    <content type="html"><![CDATA[<p>Durable water-repellent zippers and extreme water-resistant front pocket zipper 防水拉链<br>Brass tone hardware 青铜五金<br>Chrome hardware accents<br>Vintage brass fitting hardware<br>Antique brass hardware<br>Gunmetal hardware </p>]]></content>
    
    <summary type="html">
    
      
      
        &lt;p&gt;Durable water-repellent zippers and extreme water-resistant front pocket zipper 防水拉链&lt;br&gt;Brass tone hardware 青铜五金&lt;br&gt;Chrome hardware accen
      
    
    </summary>
    
      <category term="Bag" scheme="http://blog.inesoi.com/categories/Bag/"/>
    
    
  </entry>
  
  <entry>
    <title>箱包 - 颜色</title>
    <link href="http://blog.inesoi.com/bag-english-color.html"/>
    <id>http://blog.inesoi.com/bag-english-color.html</id>
    <published>2015-10-04T16:00:00.000Z</published>
    <updated>2018-08-19T10:09:33.807Z</updated>
    
    <content type="html"><![CDATA[<h2 id="Color"><a href="#Color" class="headerlink" title="Color"></a>Color</h2><ul><li>combination 配色</li><li>match color 配色</li><li>shade 色度，颜色的深度</li><li>assorted 混色</li><li>mixtz 混色</li><li>rich color 浓色</li><li>mix color 混色</li><li>dark color 暗色</li><li>deep color 深色</li><li>dull color 暗色</li><li>neutral shade 中性色调</li><li>clear lucent 透明色</li><li>halftone 半色调或中间色调</li><li>sporting shade 运动色调</li><li>weak color 弱（淡）色</li></ul><p>See </p><ul><li><a href="http://www.eion.com.tw/Emily/?v=Name-Various-Colors" target="_blank" rel="external">各種顏色的英文名稱 - 中英文對照</a></li><li><a href="http://html-color-codes.info/color-names/" target="_blank" rel="external">Color Names</a></li><li><a href="http://www.eion.com.tw/Emily/?v=Name-Various-Colors" target="_blank" rel="external">各種顏色的英文名稱 - 中英文對照</a></li></ul><h2 id="White"><a href="#White" class="headerlink" title="White"></a>White</h2><ul><li><span style="background-color:#FAEBD7"></span> Antique White [æn’tiːk] 古董白</li><li><span style="background-color:#D2B48C"></span> Tan [tæn] 日晒色</li><li><span style="background-color:#DEB887"></span> Burly Wood [‘bɜːlɪ] 硬木色</li><li><span style="background-color:#FFEBCD"></span> Blanched Almond [blɑːn(t)ʃ] [‘ɑːmənd] 杏仁白</li><li><span style="background-color:#FFDEAD"></span> Navajo White [‘nævəhəu] 那瓦霍白</li><li><span style="background-color:#F5F5F5"></span> White Smoke 白烟色</li><li><span style="background-color:#FFFFFF"></span> White 白色</li><li><span style="background-color:#FFFAFA"></span> Snow 雪色</li><li><span style="background-color:#625B57"></span> Iron Gray [‘aɪən] 铁灰色</li></ul><h2 id="Yellow"><a href="#Yellow" class="headerlink" title="Yellow"></a>Yellow</h2><ul><li><span style="background-color:#FF9900"></span> Marigold [‘mærɪgəʊld] 万寿菊黄</li><li><span style="background-color:#FFEFD5"></span> Papaya Whip [pə’paɪə] [wɪp] 蕃木瓜色</li><li><span style="background-color:#CCB38C"></span> Pale Ocre [peɪl] 灰土色</li><li><span style="background-color:#996B1F"></span> Khaki [‘kɑːkɪ] 卡其色</li><li><span style="background-color:#FFE4B5"></span> Moccasin [‘mɒkəsɪn] 鹿皮鞋色</li><li><span style="background-color:#FDF5E6"></span> Old Lace 旧蕾丝色</li><li><span style="background-color:#F5DEB3"></span> Wheat [wiːt] 小麦色</li><li><span style="background-color:#FFE5B4"></span> Peach [piːtʃ] 桃色</li><li><span style="background-color:#FFA500"></span> Orange 橙色</li><li><span style="background-color:#FFFAF0"></span> Floral White [‘flɔːr(ə)l; ‘flɒ-] 花卉白</li><li><span style="background-color:#DAA520"></span> Goldenrod [‘ɡəʊld(ə)nrɒd] 金菊色</li><li><span style="background-color:#B8860B"></span> Dark Goldenrod 暗金菊色</li><li><span style="background-color:#4D3900"></span> Coffee 咖啡色</li><li><span style="background-color:#E6C35C"></span> Jasmine [‘dʒæzmɪn] 茉莉黄</li><li><span style="background-color:#FFBF00"></span> Amber [‘æmbə] 琥珀色</li><li><span style="background-color:#FFF8DC"></span> Cornsilk [‘kɔ:nsilk] 玉米丝色</li><li><span style="background-color:#E6B800"></span> Chrome Yellow 铬黄</li><li><span style="background-color:#FFD700"></span> Golden 金色</li><li><span style="background-color:#FFFACD"></span> Lemon Chiffon [‘ʃɪfɒn] 柠檬绸色</li><li><span style="background-color:#F0E68C"></span> Light Khaki 亮卡其色</li><li><span style="background-color:#EEE8AA"></span> Pale Goldenrod 灰金菊色</li><li><span style="background-color:#BDB76B"></span> Dark Khaki 暗卡其色</li><li><span style="background-color:#E6D933"></span> Mimosa [mɪ’məʊzə] 含羞草黄</li><li><span style="background-color:#FFFDD0"></span> Cream 奶油色</li><li><span style="background-color:#FFFFF0"></span> Ivory [‘aɪv(ə)rɪ] 象牙色</li><li><span style="background-color:#F5F5DC"></span> Beige [beɪʒ] 米黄色</li><li><span style="background-color:#FFFFE0"></span> Light Yellow 亮黄</li><li><span style="background-color:#FAFAD2"></span> Light Goldenrod Yellow 亮金菊黄</li><li><span style="background-color:#FFFF99"></span> Champagne Yellow [ʃæm’peɪn] 香槟黄</li><li><span style="background-color:#CCCC4D"></span> Mustard [‘mʌstəd] 芥末黄</li><li><span style="background-color:#FFFF4D"></span> Moon Yellow 月黄</li><li><span style="background-color:#808000"></span> Olive 橄榄色</li><li><span style="background-color:#FFFF00"></span> Canary Yellow [kə’neərɪ] 鲜黄</li><li><span style="background-color:#FFFF00"></span> Yellow 黄色</li><li><span style="background-color:#A0522D"></span> Sienna [sɪ’enə] 赭黄</li><li><span style="background-color:#FF8033"></span> Tropical Orange [‘trɒpɪk(ə)l] 热带橙</li><li><span style="background-color:#A16B47"></span> Camel 驼色</li><li><span style="background-color:#E69966"></span> Apricot [‘eɪprɪkɒt] 杏黄</li><li><span style="background-color:#4D1F00"></span> Coconut Brown [‘kəʊkənʌt] 椰褐</li><li><span style="background-color:#FFF5EE"></span> Seashell [‘siːʃel] 海贝色</li><li><span style="background-color:#8B4513"></span> Saddle Brown [‘sæd(ə)l] 鞍褐</li><li><span style="background-color:#D2691E"></span> Chocolate 巧克力色</li><li><span style="background-color:#CC5500"></span> Burnt Orange [bɜːnt] 燃橙</li><li><span style="background-color:#FF7300"></span> Sun Orange 阳橙</li><li><span style="background-color:#FFDAB9"></span> Peach Puff [pʌf] 粉扑桃色</li><li><span style="background-color:#F4A460"></span> Sand Brown 沙褐</li><li><span style="background-color:#B87333"></span> Bronze [brɒnz] 古铜色</li><li><span style="background-color:#FAF0E6"></span> Linen [‘lɪnɪn] 亚麻色</li><li><span style="background-color:#FFB366"></span> Honey Orange 蜜橙</li><li><span style="background-color:#CD853F"></span> Peru [pə’ru] 秘鲁色</li><li><span style="background-color:#704214"></span> Sepia [‘siːpɪə] 乌贼墨色</li><li><span style="background-color:#CC7722"></span> Ocher [‘əʊkə] 赭色</li><li><span style="background-color:#FFE4C4"></span> Bisque [bɪsk; biːsk] 陶坯黄</li><li><span style="background-color:#F28500"></span> Tangerine [tæn(d)ʒə’riːn] 橘色</li><li><span style="background-color:#FF8C00"></span> Dark Orange 暗橙</li></ul><h2 id="Purple"><a href="#Purple" class="headerlink" title="Purple"></a>Purple</h2><ul><li><span style="background-color:#6640FF"></span> Mauve [məuv] 木槿紫</li><li><span style="background-color:#B399FF"></span> Lilac [‘laɪlək] 紫丁香色</li><li><span style="background-color:#9370DB"></span> Medium Purple 中紫红</li><li><span style="background-color:#6633CC"></span> Amethyst [‘æməθɪst] 紫水晶色</li><li><span style="background-color:#8674A1"></span> Grayish Purple [‘ɡreɪɪʃ] 浅灰紫红</li><li><span style="background-color:#5000B8"></span> Heliotrope [‘hiːlɪətrəʊp; ‘hel-] 缬草紫</li><li><span style="background-color:#B8A1CF"></span> Mineral Violet [‘mɪn(ə)r(ə)l] [‘vaɪələt] 矿紫</li><li><span style="background-color:#8A2BE2"></span> Blue Violet 蓝紫</li><li><span style="background-color:#8B00FF"></span> Violet 紫罗兰色</li><li><span style="background-color:#4B0080"></span> Indigo [‘ɪndɪgəʊ] 靛色</li><li><span style="background-color:#9932CC"></span> Dark Orchid [‘ɔːkɪd]  暗兰紫</li><li><span style="background-color:#9400D3"></span> Dark Violet 暗紫</li><li><span style="background-color:#7400A1"></span> Pansy [‘pænzɪ] 三色堇紫</li><li><span style="background-color:#D94DFF"></span> Mallow [‘mæləu] 锦葵紫</li><li><span style="background-color:#E680FF"></span> Opera Mauve [məʊv] 优品紫红</li><li><span style="background-color:#BA55D3"></span> Medium Orchid 中兰紫</li><li><span style="background-color:#E6CFE6"></span> Pail Lilac [[peɪl,’laɪlək] 淡紫丁香色</li><li><span style="background-color:#D8BFD8"></span> Thistle [‘θɪs(ə)l] 蓟紫</li><li><span style="background-color:#CCA3CC"></span> Clematis  [‘klemətɪs; klə’meɪtɪs] 铁线莲紫</li><li><span style="background-color:#DDA0DD"></span> Plum [plʌm] 梅红色</li><li><span style="background-color:#EE82EE"></span> Light Violet 亮紫</li><li><span style="background-color:#800080"></span> Purple 紫色</li></ul><h2 id="Green"><a href="#Green" class="headerlink" title="Green"></a>Green</h2><ul><li><span style="background-color:#697723"></span> Moss Green [mɒs] 苔藓绿</li><li><span style="background-color:#CCFF00"></span> Light Lime [laɪm] 亮柠檬绿</li><li><span style="background-color:#6B8E23"></span> Olive Drab [dræb] 橄榄军服绿</li><li><span style="background-color:#9ACD32"></span> Yellow Green 黄绿</li><li><span style="background-color:#556B2F"></span> Dark Olive Green 暗橄榄绿</li><li><span style="background-color:#8CE600"></span> Apple Green 苹果绿</li><li><span style="background-color:#ADFF2F"></span> Green Yellow 绿黄</li><li><span style="background-color:#99E64D"></span> Grass Green 草绿</li><li><span style="background-color:#7CFC00"></span> Lawn Green [lɔːn] 草坪绿</li><li><span style="background-color:#7FFF00"></span> Chartreuse [ʃɑː’trɜːz] 查特酒绿</li><li><span style="background-color:#73B839"></span> Foliage Green [‘fəʊlɪɪdʒ] 叶绿</li><li><span style="background-color:#99FF4D"></span> Fresh Leaves 嫩绿</li><li><span style="background-color:#66FF00"></span> Bright Green 明绿</li><li><span style="background-color:#66FF59"></span> Cobalt Green [‘kəʊbɔːlt; -ɒlt] 钴绿</li><li><span style="background-color:#F0FFF0"></span> Honeydew [‘hʌnɪdjuː] 蜜瓜绿</li><li><span style="background-color:#8FBC8F"></span> Dark Sea Green 暗海绿</li><li><span style="background-color:#90EE90"></span> Light Green 亮绿</li><li><span style="background-color:#98FB98"></span> Pale Green 灰绿</li><li><span style="background-color:#36BF36"></span> Ivy Green [‘aɪvɪ] 常春藤绿</li><li><span style="background-color:#228B22"></span> Forest Green 森林绿</li><li><span style="background-color:#32CD32"></span> Lime Green [laɪm] 柠檬绿</li><li><span style="background-color:#006400"></span> Dark Green 暗绿</li><li><span style="background-color:#008000"></span> Green 绿色</li><li><span style="background-color:#00FF00"></span> Lime 鲜绿色</li><li><span style="background-color:#22C32E"></span> Malachite [‘mæləkaɪt] 孔雀石绿</li><li><span style="background-color:#16982B"></span> Mint [mɪnt] 薄荷绿</li><li><span style="background-color:#73E68C"></span> Celadon Green [‘selədɒn] 青瓷绿</li><li><span style="background-color:#50C878"></span> Emerald [‘em(ə)r(ə)ld] 碧绿</li><li><span style="background-color:#4DE680"></span> Turquoise Green [‘tɜːkwɒɪz; -kwɑːz] 绿松石绿</li><li><span style="background-color:#127436"></span> Viridian [vɪ’rɪdɪən] 铬绿</li><li><span style="background-color:#A6FFCC"></span> Horizon Blue 苍色</li><li><span style="background-color:#2E8B57"></span> Sea Green 海绿</li><li><span style="background-color:#3CB371"></span> Medium Sea Green 中海绿</li><li><span style="background-color:#F5FFFA"></span> Mint Cream 薄荷奶油色</li><li><span style="background-color:#00FF80"></span> Spring Green 春绿</li><li><span style="background-color:#00A15C"></span> Peacock Green [‘piːkɒk] 孔雀绿</li><li><span style="background-color:#00FA9A"></span> Medium Spring Green 中春绿色</li><li><span style="background-color:#66CDAA"></span> Medium Aquamarine [,ækwəmə’riːn] 中碧蓝色</li><li><span style="background-color:#7FFFD4"></span> Aquamarine 碧蓝色</li></ul><h2 id="Red"><a href="#Red" class="headerlink" title="Red"></a>Red</h2><ul><li><span style="background-color:#8B008B"></span> Dark Magenta [mə’dʒentə] 暗洋红</li><li><span style="background-color:#FF00FF"></span> Magenta 洋红</li><li><span style="background-color:#F400A1"></span> Fuchsia [‘fjuːʃə] 品红</li><li><span style="background-color:#DA70D6"></span> Orchid [‘ɔːkɪd] 兰紫</li><li><span style="background-color:#FFB3E6"></span> Pearl Pink [pɜːl] 浅珍珠红</li><li><span style="background-color:#B85798"></span> Old Rose 陈玫红</li><li><span style="background-color:#FF66CC"></span> Rose Pink 浅玫瑰红</li><li><span style="background-color:#C71585"></span> Medium Violet Red 中青紫红</li><li><span style="background-color:#FF0DA6"></span> Magenta Rose 洋玫瑰红</li><li><span style="background-color:#FF007F"></span> Rose 玫瑰红</li><li><span style="background-color:#CC0080"></span> Ruby 红宝石色</li><li><span style="background-color:#E63995"></span> Camellia [kə’mi:liə] 山茶红</li><li><span style="background-color:#FF1493"></span> Deep Pink 深粉红</li><li><span style="background-color:#E68AB8"></span> Flamingo [flə’mɪŋgəʊ] 火鹤红</li><li><span style="background-color:#FF80BF"></span> Coral Pink [‘kɒr(ə)l] 浅珊瑚红</li><li><span style="background-color:#FF69B4"></span> Hot Pink 暖粉红</li><li><span style="background-color:#470024"></span> Burgundy [‘bɜːgəndɪ] 勃艮第酒红</li><li><span style="background-color:#FF73B3"></span> Spinel Red [spɪ’nel; ‘spɪn(ə)l] 尖晶石红</li><li><span style="background-color:#E6005C"></span> Carmine [‘kɑːmaɪn; -mɪn] 胭脂红</li><li><span style="background-color:#FFD9E6"></span> Baby Pink 浅粉红</li><li><span style="background-color:#990036"></span> Cardinal Red [‘kɑːd(ɪ)n(ə)l] 枢机红</li><li><span style="background-color:#FFF0F5"></span> Lavender Blush [‘lævəndə] [blʌʃ] 薰衣草紫红</li><li><span style="background-color:#DB7093"></span> Pale Violet Red 灰紫红</li><li><span style="background-color:#DE3163"></span> Cerise [se’riːs; -z] 樱桃红</li><li><span style="background-color:#FF8099"></span> Salmon Pink [‘sæmən] 浅鲑红</li><li><span style="background-color:#DC143C"></span> Crimson [‘krɪmz(ə)n] 绯红</li><li><span style="background-color:#FFC0CB"></span> Pink 粉红</li><li><span style="background-color:#FFB6C1"></span> Light Pink 亮粉红</li><li><span style="background-color:#FFB3BF"></span> Shell Pink 壳黄红</li><li><span style="background-color:#E32636"></span> Alizarin Crimson [ə’lɪz(ə)rɪn] 茜红</li><li><span style="background-color:#CD5C5C"></span> Indian Red 印度红</li><li><span style="background-color:#B22222"></span> Fire Brick [brɪk] 耐火砖红</li><li><span style="background-color:#800000"></span> Maroon [mə’ruːn] 栗色</li><li><span style="background-color:#8B0000"></span> Dark Red 暗红</li><li><span style="background-color:#E60000"></span> Strong Red 鲜红</li><li><span style="background-color:#FF0000"></span> Red 红色</li><li><span style="background-color:#FF4D40"></span> Persimmon [pə’sɪmən] 柿子橙</li><li><span style="background-color:#FFE4E1"></span> Misty Rose [‘mɪstɪ] 雾玫瑰色</li><li><span style="background-color:#FA8072"></span> Salmon 鲑红</li><li><span style="background-color:#FF2400"></span> Scarlet [‘skɑːlət] 腥红</li><li><span style="background-color:#FF6347"></span> Tomato 蕃茄红</li><li><span style="background-color:#E9967A"></span> Dark Salmon 暗鲑红</li><li><span style="background-color:#FF7F50"></span> Coral [‘kɒr(ə)l] 珊瑚红</li><li><span style="background-color:#FF4500"></span> Orange Red 橙红</li><li><span style="background-color:#FFA07A"></span> Light Salmon 亮鲑红</li><li><span style="background-color:#FF4D00"></span> Vermilion [və’mɪljən] 朱红</li></ul><h2 id="Blue"><a href="#Blue" class="headerlink" title="Blue"></a>Blue</h2><ul><li><span style="background-color:#1E90FF"></span> Dodger Blue 道奇蓝</li><li><span style="background-color:#004D99"></span> Mineral Blue 矿蓝</li><li><span style="background-color:#007FFF"></span> Azure 湛蓝</li><li><span style="background-color:#5686BF"></span> Wedgwood Blue 韦奇伍德瓷蓝</li><li><span style="background-color:#B0C4DE"></span> Light Steel Blue 亮钢蓝</li><li><span style="background-color:#0047AB"></span> Cobalt Blue 钴蓝</li><li><span style="background-color:#5E86C1"></span> Pale Denim 灰丁宁蓝</li><li><span style="background-color:#6495ED"></span> Cornflower Blue 矢车菊蓝</li><li><span style="background-color:#4D80E6"></span> Salvia Blue 鼠尾草蓝</li><li><span style="background-color:#003399"></span> Dark Powder Blue 暗婴儿粉蓝</li><li><span style="background-color:#082567"></span> Sapphire 蓝宝石色</li><li><span style="background-color:#002FA7"></span> International Klein Blue 国际奇连蓝</li><li><span style="background-color:#2A52BE"></span> Cerulean blue 蔚蓝</li><li><span style="background-color:#4169E1"></span> Royal Blue 品蓝</li><li><span style="background-color:#24367D"></span> Dark Mineral Blue 暗矿蓝</li><li><span style="background-color:#0033FF"></span> Ultramarine 极浓海蓝</li><li><span style="background-color:#0D33FF"></span> Lapis Lazuli 天青石蓝</li><li><span style="background-color:#F8F8FF"></span> Ghost White 幽灵白</li><li><span style="background-color:#E6E6FA"></span> Lavender 薰衣草紫</li><li><span style="background-color:#CCCCFF"></span> Periwinkle 长春花色</li><li><span style="background-color:#191970"></span> Midnight Blue 午夜蓝</li><li><span style="background-color:#000080"></span> Navy Blue 藏青</li><li><span style="background-color:#00008B"></span> Dark Blue 暗蓝</li><li><span style="background-color:#0000CD"></span> Medium Blue 中蓝</li><li><span style="background-color:#0000FF"></span> Blue 蓝色</li><li><span style="background-color:#5C50E6"></span> Wisteria 紫藤色</li><li><span style="background-color:#483D8B"></span> Dark Slate Blue 暗岩蓝</li><li><span style="background-color:#6A5ACD"></span> Slate Blue 岩蓝</li><li><span style="background-color:#7B68EE"></span> Medium Slate Blue 中岩蓝</li><li><span style="background-color:#0DBF8C"></span> Cyan Blue 青蓝</li><li><span style="background-color:#66FFE6"></span> Aqua Blue 水蓝</li><li><span style="background-color:#33E6CC"></span> Turquoise Blue 土耳其蓝</li><li><span style="background-color:#30D5C8"></span> Turquoise 绿松石色</li><li><span style="background-color:#20B2AA"></span> Light Sea Green 亮海绿</li><li><span style="background-color:#48D1CC"></span> Medium Turquoise 中绿松石色</li><li><span style="background-color:#E0FFFF"></span> Light Cyan 亮青</li><li><span style="background-color:#89CFF0"></span> Baby Blue 浅蓝</li><li><span style="background-color:#AFEEEE"></span> Pale Turquoise 灰绿松石色</li><li><span style="background-color:#2F4F4F"></span> Dark Slate Gray 暗岩灰</li><li><span style="background-color:#008080"></span> Teal 凫绿</li><li><span style="background-color:#008B8B"></span> Dark Cyan 暗青</li><li><span style="background-color:#00FFFF"></span> Cyan 青色</li><li><span style="background-color:#AFDFE4"></span> Aqua 水色</li><li><span style="background-color:#00CED1"></span> Dark Turquoise 暗绿松石色</li><li><span style="background-color:#5F9EA0"></span> Cadet Blue 军服蓝</li><li><span style="background-color:#00808C"></span> Peacock Blue 孔雀蓝</li><li><span style="background-color:#B0E0E6"></span> Powder Blue 婴儿粉蓝</li><li><span style="background-color:#006374"></span> Strong Blue 浓蓝</li><li><span style="background-color:#ADD8E6"></span> Light Blue 亮蓝</li><li><span style="background-color:#7AB8CC"></span> Pale Blue 灰蓝</li><li><span style="background-color:#4798B3"></span> Saxe Blue 萨克斯蓝</li><li><span style="background-color:#00BFFF"></span> Deep Sky Blue 深天蓝</li><li><span style="background-color:#87CEEB"></span> Sky Blue 天蓝</li><li><span style="background-color:#87CEFA"></span> Light Sky Blue 亮天蓝</li><li><span style="background-color:#00477D"></span> Marine Blue 水手蓝</li><li><span style="background-color:#003153"></span> Prussian blue 普鲁士蓝</li><li><span style="background-color:#4682B4"></span> Steel Blue 钢青色</li><li><span style="background-color:#F0F8FF"></span> Alice Blue 爱丽丝蓝</li></ul><h2 id="Brown"><a href="#Brown" class="headerlink" title="Brown"></a>Brown</h2><ul><li><span style="background-color:#A52A2A"></span> Brown 褐色</li><li><span style="background-color:#E6C3C3"></span> Sand Beige 沙棕</li><li><span style="background-color:#BC8F8F"></span> Rosy Brown 玫瑰褐</li><li><span style="background-color:#F08080"></span> Light Coral 亮珊瑚色</li></ul><h2 id="Gray-Black"><a href="#Gray-Black" class="headerlink" title="Gray/Black"></a>Gray/Black</h2><ul><li><span style="background-color:#708090"></span> Slate Gray 岩灰</li><li><span style="background-color:#778899"></span> Light Slate Gray 亮岩灰</li><li><span style="background-color:#000000"></span> Black 黑色</li><li><span style="background-color:#696969"></span> Dimgray 昏灰</li><li><span style="background-color:#808080"></span> Gray 灰色</li><li><span style="background-color:#A9A9A9"></span> Dark Gray 暗灰</li><li><span style="background-color:#C0C0C0"></span> Silver 银色</li><li><span style="background-color:#D3D3D3"></span> Light Gray 亮灰色</li><li><span style="background-color:#DCDCDC"></span> Gainsboro 庚斯博罗灰</li></ul><h2 id="Tool"><a href="#Tool" class="headerlink" title="Tool"></a>Tool</h2><p><a href="http://www.colorhexa.com/color-names" target="_blank" rel="external">List of colors</a></p><iframe src="http://www.colorhexa.com/color-names" width="100%" height="500px" frameborder="0"></iframe><style>ul {    -moz-column-count: 2;    -moz-column-gap: 20px;    -webkit-column-count: 2;    -webkit-column-gap: 20px;    column-count: 2;    column-gap: 20px;    list-style-type: none;}span {    width: 20px;    height: 20px;    display: inline-block;    border-radius: 50%;}</style>]]></content>
    
    <summary type="html">
    
      
      
        &lt;h2 id=&quot;Color&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;#Color&quot; class=&quot;headerlink&quot; title=&quot;Color&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;Color&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;combination 配色&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;match color 配色&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;shad
      
    
    </summary>
    
      <category term="Bag" scheme="http://blog.inesoi.com/categories/Bag/"/>
    
    
  </entry>
  
  <entry>
    <title>箱包 - 皮革</title>
    <link href="http://blog.inesoi.com/bag-leather.html"/>
    <id>http://blog.inesoi.com/bag-leather.html</id>
    <published>2015-10-03T16:00:00.000Z</published>
    <updated>2018-08-19T10:09:33.807Z</updated>
    
    <content type="html"><![CDATA[<h2 id="皮革"><a href="#皮革" class="headerlink" title="皮革"></a>皮革</h2><p>皮革是经脱毛和鞣制等物理、化学加工所得到的已经变性不易腐烂的动物皮。革是由天然蛋白质纤维在三维空间紧密编织构成的，其表面有一种特殊的粒面层，具有自然的粒纹和光泽，手感舒适。</p><p>皮革主要分为真皮和合成革，合成革主要有 PU 革 和 PVC 革两种。</p><p>PVC 比较硬，比较好压印 LOGO，而 PU 较软，不容易压印。如果压下之后的颜色变成另外一种颜色，这种材料成为变色革。</p><p>皮革的厚度使用使用<code>丝</code>来衡量，1mm = 100丝。常见的有8丝和10丝的PVC。</p><p>皮革类面料需要注意色迁移的问题，要防止颜色渗到里布，导致里布的颜色洗不掉。</p><p>PVC 人造革、PU 合成革的区别可以用汽油浸泡的方法区别，方法是用一小块面料，放在汽油中半个小时，然后取出，如果是PVC人造革，则会变硬、变脆，如果是PU合成革，则不会变硬、变脆。</p><h3 id="分类"><a href="#分类" class="headerlink" title="分类"></a>分类</h3><p><strong>按动物种类：</strong></p><p>主要有猪皮革、牛皮革、羊皮革、马皮革、驴皮革和袋鼠皮革等，另有少量的鱼皮革、爬行类动物皮革、两栖类动物皮革、鸵鸟皮革等。</p><p>其中牛皮革又分黄牛皮革、水牛皮革、牦牛皮革和犏牛皮革；羊皮革分为绵羊皮革和山羊皮革。</p><p>在主要几类皮革中，黄牛皮革和绵羊皮革，其表面平细，毛眼小，内在结构细密紧实，革身具有较好的丰满和弹性感，物理性能好。因此，优等黄牛革和绵羊革一般用做高档制品的皮料，其价格是大宗的皮革中较高的一类。</p><p><strong>按层次：</strong></p><p>有头层革和二层革，其中头层革有全粒面革和修面革；二层革又有猪二层革和牛二层革等。</p><p><strong>按制造方式：</strong></p><ul><li>真皮。“真皮”在皮革制品市场上是常见的字眼，是人们为区别合成革而对天然皮革的一种习惯叫法。其中，牛皮、羊皮和猪皮是制革所用原料的三大皮种。</li><li>再生皮。将各种动物的废皮及真皮下脚料粉碎后，调配化工原料加工制作而成。其表面加工工艺同真皮的修面皮、压花皮一样，其特点是皮张边缘较整齐、利用率高、价格便宜；但皮身一般较厚，强度较差，只适宜制作平价公文箱、拉杆袋、球杆套等定型工艺产品和平价皮带，其纵切面纤维组织均匀一致，可辨认出流质物混合纤维的凝固效果。</li><li><p>人造革。人造革也叫仿皮或胶料，是PVC和PU等人造材料的总称。它是在纺织布基或无纺布基上，由各种不同配方的PVC和PU等发泡或覆膜加工制作而成，可以根据不同强度、耐磨度、耐寒度和色彩、光泽、花纹图案等要求加工制成，具有花色品种繁多、防水性能好、边幅整齐、利用率高和价格相对真皮便宜的特点。</p><p>  人造革是极为流行的一类材料，被普遍用来制作各种皮革制品，或替代部分的真皮材料。它日益先进的制作工艺，正被二层皮的加工制作广泛采用。如今，极似真皮特性的人造革已有生产面市，它的表面工艺极其基料的纤维组织，几乎达到真皮的效果，其价格与国产头层皮的价格不相上下。</p><p>  人造皮革是通过多种类型的化学纤维混合而成的。人造皮草幅面较大。可以染成各种明亮的色彩；此外，它具有动物皮草的外观，各种野生和养殖的皮草种类都可以仿制。但其最大的特点就是不环保，不易降解，对环境有污染。</p></li><li><p>合成革。合成革是模拟天然革的组成和结构并可作为其代用材料的塑料制品。表面主要是聚氨脂，基料是涤纶、棉、丙纶等合成纤维制成的无纺布。其正、反面都与皮革十分相似，并具有一定的透气性。特点是光泽漂亮，不易发霉和虫蛀，并且比普通人造革更接近天然革。</p><p>  合成革品种繁多，各种合成革除具有合成纤维无纺布底基和聚氨酯微孔面层等共同特点外，其无纺布纤维品种和加工工艺各不相同。合成革表面光滑、通张厚薄，色泽和强度等均一，在防水、耐酸碱、微生物方面优于天然皮革。</p></li></ul><h2 id="PVC-革"><a href="#PVC-革" class="headerlink" title="PVC 革"></a>PVC 革</h2><p>聚氯乙烯人造革(PVC革)是在织物上涂覆PVC树脂、增塑剂、稳定剂等助剂制成的糊，或者再覆合一层 PVC 膜，然后经一定的工艺过程加工制成的。制品强度高，加工容易，成本低廉。可做各种箱包、座套、衬里、杂物等。但耐油性、耐高温性差，低温柔软性和手感较差。</p><p>PVC 革 在制造过程中要先将塑料颗粒热熔搅拌成糊状，按规定的厚度均匀涂覆在T/C针织布底基上，然后进入发泡炉中进行发泡，使其具有能够适应生产各种不同产品、不同要求的柔软度，在出炉的同时进行表面处理（染色、压纹、磨光、消光、磨面起毛等，主要是依照具体的产品要求来进行的）。</p><figure class="image-bubble">                <div class="img-lightbox">                    <div class="overlay"></div>                    <img src="../resources/images/pvc.jpg" alt="" title="">                </div>                <div class="image-caption"></div>            </figure><p>PVC 表面也有很多纹路。</p><ul><li>色泽鲜艳、耐腐蚀、牢固耐用。</li><li>不存放食品和药品。由于在制造过程中增加了增塑剂、抗老化剂等一些有毒辅助材料来增强其耐热性，韧性，延展性等，故其产品一般不存放食品和药品。</li></ul><p>根据特性，PVC 材料可分为：</p><ul><li>彩边 PVC。彩色 PVC 比无色 PVC 较贵。</li><li>皮革 PVC</li><li>透明 PVC。常用于制作化妆包。</li></ul><p>常用的为白的，透明的；还有一种是有压痕的，还可以压花，比较贵。</p><p>北欧等一些发达国家禁止使用 PVC 材料（常见女包、化妆包），因为 PVC 不容易降解，燃烧或高温会产生有毒物质，不环保。</p><p>根据材料的不同，又可分为 PE 和 EVA。EVA 比较薄，像薄膜。</p><h2 id="PU-革"><a href="#PU-革" class="headerlink" title="PU 革"></a>PU 革</h2><p>用PU树脂与无纺布为原料生产的人造革称为PU合成革。</p><p>PU 是英文 Polyurethane 的缩写，化学中文名称“聚氨酯”。 PU皮革就是聚氨酯成份的表皮。现在广泛适用于做箱包、服装、鞋、车辆和家具的装饰，它已日益得到市场的肯定，其应用范围之广，数量之大，品种之多，是传统的天然皮革无法满足的。</p><p>PU 革在制造工艺上比PVC革要复杂一些，由于PU的底布是抗拉强度好的帆布PU料，除了可以涂覆在底布的上面外，还可以将底布包含在中间，使之外观看不到底布的存在。</p><p>PU革的物理性能要比PVC革好，耐曲折、柔软度好、抗拉强度大、具有透气性（PVC无）。</p><p>PVC革的花纹是通过钢制的花纹辊热压而成的；PU革的花纹是用一种花纹纸先热贴压在半成品革表面，等待冷却下来后再进行将纸革的分离，做表面处理。</p><p>PU革的价格比PVC革的要高一倍以上，某些特殊要求的PU革的价格要比PVC革要高2―3倍。一般PU革所需要的花纹纸只能用4―5次即告报废；花纹辊的使用周期长，因此PU革的成本比PVC革的为高。</p><p>PU 根据表面成份的不同分为：</p><ul><li>全 PU</li><li>半 PU(SEMI PU)</li></ul><p>区别在于：</p><ul><li>相对全 PU 更薄，更柔软，弹性更大。</li><li>主要用厚度、手感（柔软度）、价格来区分。</li><li>价格：PVC &lt; 半PU &lt; PU，半PU与PU之间非专业人士很难鉴别。</li></ul><p>PU 革从结构上分为纹路、表面和底。</p><ul><li>常见的纹路包括荔枝纹（根据纹路大小可分为小荔枝纹和大荔枝纹）、石头纹、蛇纹、鸵鸟纹、纳帕纹、十字纹（大十字、小十字）、镜面革。有些工程并非使用这些形象的名字来命名纹路，而是使用比较文艺的名字，如水平如镜等。</li><li>PU 一般是绒布底，PVC 一般是针织底和水刺底（或者无纺布底）。</li></ul><p>合成革的宽幅一般都是 1.35，纺织布料一般都是 1.45。一般用于复合的材料有杂革和无纺布，无纺布的宽幅是 1.55，如果和 PU 复合，就要使用较小的宽幅，及 PU 的 1.35。</p><p>荔枝纹：</p><figure class="image-bubble">                <div class="img-lightbox">                    <div class="overlay"></div>                    <img src="../resources/images/litchi-line.jpg" alt="" title="">                </div>                <div class="image-caption"></div>            </figure><p>石头纹：</p><figure class="image-bubble">                <div class="img-lightbox">                    <div class="overlay"></div>                    <img src="../resources/images/stone-line.jpg" alt="" title="">                </div>                <div class="image-caption"></div>            </figure><p>纳帕纹：</p><figure class="image-bubble">                <div class="img-lightbox">                    <div class="overlay"></div>                    <img src="../resources/images/nappa-line.jpg" alt="" title="">                </div>                <div class="image-caption"></div>            </figure><p>蛇纹：</p><figure class="image-bubble">                <div class="img-lightbox">                    <div class="overlay"></div>                    <img src="../resources/images/snake-line.jpg" alt="" title="">                </div>                <div class="image-caption"></div>            </figure><p>鸵鸟纹：</p><figure class="image-bubble">                <div class="img-lightbox">                    <div class="overlay"></div>                    <img src="../resources/images/ostrich-line.jpg" alt="" title="">                </div>                <div class="image-caption"></div>            </figure><p>镜面革：</p><figure class="image-bubble">                <div class="img-lightbox">                    <div class="overlay"></div>                    <img src="../resources/images/mirror-line.jpg" alt="" title="">                </div>                <div class="image-caption"></div>            </figure><h2 id="半-PU"><a href="#半-PU" class="headerlink" title="半 PU"></a>半 PU</h2><p>合成革是一种很好的皮革代用品，用于做冬天的皮夹克，但是由于合成革使用 TPU（聚氨酯弹性体）加工而成的。而TPU价格由非常贵，所以国内很多的生产厂家就用PVC来部分替代，他们是这样做的：布基上先涂上PVC (人造革)然后在涂上TPU的涂层。</p><p>这样价格就可以大大的下降，但是 PVC中的增塑剂不到一年就会迁移出来，造成合成革（其实是人造革）变硬、变脆，所以有一些顾客买了新的皮夹克不到一年就边脆、开裂了，其实这种在生产合成革的工厂叫他是半合成革或半PU革。</p><p>半 PU 革可以用一种很简单的方法鉴定，就是用铜丝放在火加热，一直到火的颜色是红色的（不能有绿色）时候，铜丝也在火中烧红，将铜丝马上放到合成革上，合成革就熔化到铜丝上，最后，将铜丝再放到火上烧，如果此时的火是绿色的，则证明有 PVC,是半 PU 革，如果此时的火是红色的则证明是 PU 革。</p><h2 id="杂革"><a href="#杂革" class="headerlink" title="杂革"></a>杂革</h2><h2 id="PVC-与-PU-的区别"><a href="#PVC-与-PU-的区别" class="headerlink" title="PVC 与 PU 的区别"></a>PVC 与 PU 的区别</h2><table><thead><tr><th>属性</th><th>PVC</th><th>PU</th><th>半 PU</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>柔软度</td><td>较硬，韧性较差</td><td>较软，韧性较好</td><td>最软</td></tr><tr><td>厚度</td><td>最厚</td><td>次厚</td><td>最薄</td></tr><tr><td>价格（元/米）</td><td>7-16，环保 + 2.0</td><td>16-35, 环保 + 1.5</td><td>13.5-16, 环保 + 1.5</td></tr><tr><td>宽幅（有效）</td><td>1.35米</td><td>1.35米</td><td>1.35米</td></tr><tr><td>起订量</td><td>500m</td><td>1000m</td><td>1000m</td></tr><tr><td>耐力</td><td>用手能撕开</td><td>用手不能撕开</td><td>用手不能撕开</td></tr><tr><td>底布</td><td>较稀、较薄</td><td>较厚</td><td>较厚</td></tr><tr><td>比重</td><td>比重大</td><td>比重小</td><td>比重小</td></tr><tr><td>纹路</td><td>纹路较深。中间的发泡层比较明显。</td><td>纹路较浅</td><td>纹路较浅</td></tr></tbody></table><p>从边角看PU的底布要比PVC厚许多，手感方面也有区别，PU的手感柔软一些；PVC的手感较硬一些；也可以用火来烧，PU的味道比PVC的味道要淡很多。</p><p>PU、半 PU 和 PVC 一般用于女包、化妆包、公文包、背包、运动包。登山包一帮使用牛津布料，因为牛津布的防水，而且较 PU 和 PVC 轻。</p><p>半 PU 因为比较软，需要复合一层（或者加厚、胶水），使其撑起成型。考虑到价格原因，有时候可以使用半 PU 复合一层来代替 PU。</p><p>注意，广东的起订量单位为码，1 码 = 0.914米，核算价格时注意单位换算。欧盟和美国会提到环保，谈判的时候需要注意。</p><h2 id="真皮"><a href="#真皮" class="headerlink" title="真皮"></a>真皮</h2><p>“真皮”在皮革制品市场上是常见的字样，是人们为区别合成革而对天然皮革的一种习惯叫法；在消费者的观念中，“真皮”也具有非假的含意。</p><p>把皮剖成几层，带粒面的称为头层皮，以下依次为二层皮、三层皮，带肉面层的为肉面剖层皮，以块为单位。</p><p><strong>全粒面：</strong></p><p>粒面花纹保持完整，天然毛孔和纹理清晰可见的皮革。<br>正如木材的木纹、木质和斑痕应该展现出它所属树种的自然本色一样，皮革也应展示出它所属的动物的特点。越好的皮革，需要的修饰越少。较便宜的皮革的原有粒面被磨去并被涂上颜料，被压花以假粒面来代替，它们不象全粒面皮革一样柔软。尽管被一层颜料盖住，但原有的纹理变化依然可见。</p><p>全粒面革应居榜首，因为它是由伤残较少的上等原料皮加工而成，革面上保留完好的天然状态，涂层薄，能展现出动物皮自然的花纹美。它不仅耐磨，而且具有良好的透气性。</p><p><strong>半粒面：</strong></p><p>将皮革的粒面层只轻轻磨去一部分，但应在整张皮革面上仍保留未磨掉的那部分粒面，粒面上仍可见到天然毛孔和纹理的皮革。由于英文中使用了 “Top顶”这个词，所以这个术语成了在皮革工业中最容易混淆的。人们猜测 “Top顶”表示最好、顶级的，在这里并不是，这里使用了”Top顶”这个词是因为顶层可以被磨砂、涂颜料和印花纹。基本上说，半粒面皮革不是剖层皮。<br>剖层</p><p><strong>修面革：</strong></p><p>将粒面表面部分磨去，以减轻粒面瑕疵的影响，然后通过不同整饰方法造出一个假粒面以模仿全粒面皮的皮革。世界皮革产量的18%属于这种皮革。这种皮革经过较多的加工，如：磨砂、打磨、压花、涂颜料来掩饰原有的瑕疵，虫咬、铁丝网的擦伤、角伤等在涂饰前可用磨砂去掉。头层皮是带粒面的外层皮，约 0.9至1.5mm，称为C级的皮革符合这个种类的标准。这种皮革很明显需要打磨，因为除了用人工造出假粒面来代替原有的表面外，就别无用途了。世界皮革产量其余的65%是不适合做家具，只能用作制鞋、衣服、皮带、手袋和汽车座垫。</p><p>修面革，是利用磨革机将革表面轻磨后进行涂饰，再压上相应的花纹而制成的。实际上是对带有伤残或粗糙的天然革面进行了“整容”。此种革几乎失掉原有的表面状态，涂饰层较厚，耐磨性和透气性比全粒面革较差。</p><h3 id="鉴别方法"><a href="#鉴别方法" class="headerlink" title="鉴别方法"></a>鉴别方法</h3><p><strong>鉴别真皮和人造皮的方法：</strong></p><ol><li>手感：用手触摸皮革表面，如有滑爽、柔软、丰满、弹性的感觉就是真皮；而一般人造合成革面发涩、死板、柔软性差。人造革，用手指按压革面，没有明显的毛孔皱纹，如按压后有皱纹，也不会明显自然消失。</li><li>眼看。观察真皮革面有较清晰的毛孔，花纹。人造革，尽管也仿制了毛孔，但不清晰。</li><li>嗅味：凡是真皮都有皮革的气味；而人造革都具有刺激性较强的塑料气味。</li><li>点燃：从真皮革和人造革背面撕下一点纤维，点燃后，凡发出刺鼻的气味，结成疙瘩的是人造革；凡是发出毛发气味，不结硬疙瘩的是真皮。   </li></ol><p><strong>头层皮和二层皮的鉴定方法</strong></p><ol><li><p>摸手感</p><ul><li>头层牛皮是价值较高的皮革，通常不会做很厚的涂层，所以手感基本保留了皮革的柔韧感和悬垂感。</li><li>二层牛皮因为要经过比较厚的涂饰或者经过覆膜，所以手感有些发硬发梗，比较死板，缺少悬垂感。</li><li>幅面尺寸<br>  头层皮基本保留了蓝湿皮的全部面积，其皮材的张幅面积较大，而且皮面匀称。对二层皮而言，在剖离头层皮时，会有较大的损耗，皮面面积比头层皮会小很多，而且会有较多的伤残部分。</li></ul></li><li><p>抗撕扯：按照整车厂的要求，真皮皮材抗撕裂能力在40公斤/平方厘米。具体来说，二层皮剪一个小口后，成年人能很轻松地撕裂。而头层黄牛皮剪一个小口，成年人也要费力才能撕裂。</p></li><li><p>粒面纹路：头层皮包含乳头层，具有自然的颗粒型粒面和毛孔。用手按下去，自然的皮革皱纹会发生伸缩。而二层皮虽然有人工仿制的纹路，但是没有毛孔，用手按下去，涂层或腹膜的仿皮革皱纹不会发生伸缩变化。</p></li></ol><p><strong>猪革、马革、牛革、羊革的特点和鉴别方法：</strong></p><p>黄牛皮有较匀称的细毛孔，牦牛皮有较粗而稀疏的毛孔，山羊皮有鱼鳞状的毛孔，猪皮有三角粗毛孔。一般来说，皮革表面毛孔的粗细、疏密和分布情况是区分牛革、猪革、马革和羊革的主要依据。</p><ul><li>牛皮革：面细，强度高，最适宜制作皮鞋。</li><li>羊革：革粒面的毛孔扁圆，毛孔清楚，几根组成一组，排列呈鱼鳞状。羊皮革轻，薄而软，是皮革服装的理想面料。</li><li>猪革：表面的毛孔圆而粗大，较倾斜的伸入革内，毛孔的排列为三根一组，革面呈现许多小三角形的图案。猪皮革的透气透水汽性能好，较适于制做内衣和儿童用品；</li><li>马革：革表面的毛孔呈椭圆形，比黄牛革毛孔稍大，排列较有规律。用于制作皮裤和皮靴效果较好。</li></ul><p><strong>区分水牛革和黄牛革：</strong></p><p>黄牛革和水牛革都称为牛革，但二者也有一定的差别。</p><ul><li>黄牛革表面的毛孔呈圆形，较直地伸入革内，毛孔紧密而均匀，排列不规则，好象满天星斗。</li><li>水牛革表面的毛孔比黄牛革粗大，毛孔数较黄牛革稀少，革质较松弛，不如黄牛革细致丰满。</li></ul><h3 id="价格"><a href="#价格" class="headerlink" title="价格"></a>价格</h3><p>头层皮的价格在 800-1000元。有的供应商按 32<em>32/英寸,有的按 28</em>28/英寸来算，在采购的时候要问清楚。</p><p>真皮价格：真皮计量单位：平方英尺（常规 1平方英尺=28*28cm ）</p><ul><li>头层皮  15-16元/平方英尺</li><li>二层皮  8-9元/平方英尺</li><li>复合皮  6-8元/平方英尺</li></ul><p>（注：询问真皮价格时，问清楚1平方英尺是按多少厘米算的，因为有些供应商按“1平方英尺=23*23cm ”计算）</p><p>真皮 损耗率≥40%(动物皮不规则，损耗较大)</p>]]></content>
    
    <summary type="html">
    
      
      
        &lt;h2 id=&quot;皮革&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;#皮革&quot; class=&quot;headerlink&quot; title=&quot;皮革&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;皮革&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;皮革是经脱毛和鞣制等物理、化学加工所得到的已经变性不易腐烂的动物皮。革是由天然蛋白质纤维在三维空间紧密编织构成的，其表面有一种特殊的粒面层，
      
    
    </summary>
    
      <category term="Bag" scheme="http://blog.inesoi.com/categories/Bag/"/>
    
    
  </entry>
  
  <entry>
    <title>Fabric</title>
    <link href="http://blog.inesoi.com/bag-fabric.html"/>
    <id>http://blog.inesoi.com/bag-fabric.html</id>
    <published>2015-10-02T16:00:00.000Z</published>
    <updated>2018-08-19T10:09:33.806Z</updated>
    
    <content type="html"><![CDATA[<h2 id="牛津布-Oxford"><a href="#牛津布-Oxford" class="headerlink" title="牛津布 Oxford"></a>牛津布 Oxford</h2><p>See <a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/358679.htm" target="_blank" rel="external">牛津布_百度百科</a></p><p>牛津布（oxford），又称牛津纺。起源于英国，以牛津大学命名的传统精梳棉织物，牛津布始于1900年左右。采用较细的精梳高支纱线作双经，与较粗的纬纱以纬重平组织交织而成。</p><p>起源于英国，以牛津大学命名的传统精梳棉织物，牛津布始于1900年左右。早期为该校学生校服面料的传统精梳棉织物。</p><p>起订量一般为 1400m。</p><p>可以用于背包、电脑包、腰包、书包、午餐包、背包、购物袋。女包一般不用涤纶牛津布，要用也使用尼龙牛津布，表面更亮一些。</p><p>按照表层的纺织布料的粗细程度分为不同的档次，210D，300D，420D, 600D，1280D，1680D， 1800D。210D 通常用于作里布。</p><h3 id="特点"><a href="#特点" class="headerlink" title="特点"></a>特点</h3><ul><li>牛津布由面料和涂层构成，表面为纺织布料，背面为涂层。图层的材料分为 PVC 涂层和 PU 涂层。PU 图层几乎用肉眼看不到。</li><li>色泽柔和，布身柔软，透气性好，穿着舒适，易洗速干，多用作衬衣、运动服和睡衣等。</li><li>产品品种花式较多，有素色、漂白、色经白纬、色经色纬、双经单纬、中浅色条形花纹，2/2重平组织等；布面有清晰的色点效果。</li></ul><p>可以用于背包、电脑包、腰包、书包、午餐包、背包、购物袋。女包一般不用涤纶牛津布，要用也使用尼龙牛津布，表面更亮一些。</p><h3 id="分类"><a href="#分类" class="headerlink" title="分类"></a>分类</h3><p>根据使用材质的不同，分为尼龙牛津布和涤纶牛津布。</p><p>牛津布是一种功能多样，用途广泛的新型面料，市场上主要有：套格、全弹、锦纶、提格等品种。</p><ul><li><p>套格牛津布。专门用于制作各类箱包。</p><p>  该面料经纬线都采用涤纶FDY150D/36F。织物应用平纹组织在喷水织机交织而成，经纬密度为360X210，坯布经松弛、碱量、染色、防静电、涂层等处理后，具有质地轻薄、手感柔软、防水性好、耐用性好等优势。这样的牛津布做箱包是最好的，也是最常见的。</p></li><li><p>锦纶牛津布。主要制作防汛防雨用品。</p><p>  该面料经线采用200D锦纶空变丝，纬线采用160D锦纶空变丝为原料。系平纹组织结构，产品经喷水织造而成。坯布经过染整、涂层工艺处理后，具有手感柔软、悬垂性强、风格新颖、防水性能良好等优点，布面具锦纶丝光泽感观效应。因其质量优良、花色新颖，深受用户喜爱。其布面宽幅为150cm，据了解，面料以不褪色、不变形等优势立足市场。上市色泽有藏青、淡黑、虎黄、墨绿等不同种类，并可按客户需求批量选染各种不同的颜色。</p></li><li><p>全弹牛津布。主要制作箱包。</p><p>  该面料经纬丝都采用涤纶DTY300D丝，选用粗点变化透空组织在喷水龙头织机上交织而成。织物经松弛精练、预定型、碱减量、柔软定型后，面料反面再经橡塑涤层。用此面料制作的箱包以其时尚的外观、细腻的质地、良好的防水性，受到众多爱美的新潮女士追捧，成为当前女包市场上的新宠。其面料门幅150cm</p></li><li><p>提格牛津布。主要制作各种箱包。</p><p>  该面料经丝采用涤纶DTY400D网络丝，纬丝采用涤纶DTY丝400D。采用提格组织纹理，在喷水(带龙头)织机上交织而成。面料设计新颖、工艺独特，正面格纹凸现，立体感强，成为面料最突出的部位，同时还在反面采用涂层(PU)工艺，使其防水性更强，悬垂性更好，是制作各种箱包的时尚佳料。面料宽幅为160cm.上市颜色主要有黑色、藏青、咖啡系列等几种。</p></li><li><p>纬条牛津布。主要制作各种箱包。</p><p>  该面料经丝采用涤纶FDY68D/24F，纬丝采用FDY150D/36F为原料，织造工艺采用纬向提条在喷水织(带多臂龙头) 交织而成。布面条子清晰，集现代性、艺术性、悬垂性于一体。坯布经染色、压花或压延后，具有垂感性强、防水性好等优点。面料门幅为 160cm。</p><p>  该材料目前还应用到时尚休闲灰的鞋子制作，因为材料本身的特色给穿着搭配有丰富的选择！</p></li></ul><h3 id="600D"><a href="#600D" class="headerlink" title="600D"></a>600D</h3><p>600D 牛津布分为 A、B、C、D 四个版本，A - D 版的价格渐高，更密，一般高在 10倍 放大镜下看。参考价格为：</p><ul><li>A 版：4.2元/米</li><li>B 版：4.8元/米</li><li>C 版：5.6元/米</li><li>D 版：6.5元/米</li></ul><p>其他牛津布的参考价格为：</p><ul><li>210D：2.2~3.5元/米    </li><li>420D：3.6~4.6元/米</li><li>1680D：12~16元/米</li></ul><h2 id="涤纶-Polyester"><a href="#涤纶-Polyester" class="headerlink" title="涤纶 Polyester"></a>涤纶 Polyester</h2><p>涤纶/聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯/达克纶 PET</p><p>涤纶的学名叫聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯（英语：Polyethylene Terephthalate，简称PET或PETE），简称聚酯纤维(Polyester Fiber)。</p><p>商品名为 Dacron、Terylene、Lavsan（苏联时代或俄罗斯）、的确良、涤纶、达克纶，是生活中常见的一种树脂，可以分为 APET、RPET 和 PETG。</p><p>可以用于背包、电脑包、腰包、书包、午餐包、背包、购物袋。女包一般不用涤纶牛津布，要用也使用尼龙牛津布，表面更亮一些。</p><h3 id="特点-1"><a href="#特点-1" class="headerlink" title="特点"></a>特点</h3><p><strong>优点：</strong></p><ul><li>强度高、耐冲击性好。</li><li>耐酸不耐碱，耐光性很好（仅次于腈纶），曝晒1000小时，强力保持60-70%。</li><li>良好的排湿性。</li><li>挺括，易洗快干，保形性好。具有“洗可穿”的特点。</li><li>价格比尼龙便宜，用的比较多。</li></ul><p><strong>缺点：</strong></p><ul><li>布料外表比尼龙暗，较粗糙、手感硬。</li><li>光泽不柔和、透气性。</li><li>吸湿性很差，染色困难。穿在身上发闷、不透气。</li><li>由于纤维表面光滑，纤维之间的抱合力差，经常摩擦之处易起毛、结球。</li></ul><p>涤纶纤维面料的种类较多，除织制纯涤纶织品外，还有许多和各种纺织纤维混纺或交织的产品，弥补了纯涤纶织物的不足，发挥出更好的服用性能。涤纶织物正向着仿毛、仿丝、仿麻、仿鹿皮等合成纤维天然化的方向发展。</p><p>一般 75D 的倍数的布料为涤沦，如75D，150D，300D，600D，1200D，1800D均为涤沦，布料外表比尼龙暗，较粗糙。 </p><h2 id="涤纶牛津布"><a href="#涤纶牛津布" class="headerlink" title="涤纶牛津布"></a>涤纶牛津布</h2><p>See <a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/1196144.htm" target="_blank" rel="external">涤纶牛津布_百度百科</a></p><p>涤纶牛津布面料（布料）：主要制作防汛防雨用品 该面料经线采用200D锦纶空变丝，纬线采用160D锦纶空变丝为原料。系平纹组织结构，产品经喷水织造而成。坯布经过染整、涂层工艺处理后，具有手感柔软、悬垂性强、风格新颖、防水性能等优点，布面具锦纶丝光泽感观效应。</p><p>涤纶是一种材料，牛津布是一种纺织方式，其中可能含有涤纶。其中套格牛津布，提格牛津布，全弹牛津布，都是涤纶牛津布.</p><h2 id="尼龙-锦纶-Nulon"><a href="#尼龙-锦纶-Nulon" class="headerlink" title="尼龙/锦纶/Nulon"></a>尼龙/锦纶/Nulon</h2><p>尼龙/锦纶/聚酰胺纤维/尼龙/锦纶/耐纶 Nylon/PA。</p><p>发明于1935年2月28日，发明者为美国威尔明顿杜邦公司的华莱士·卡罗瑟斯。</p><p>一般 70D 的倍数的布料即为尼龙，如 70D，210D，420D，840D，1680D均为尼龙材质(但是市面上因为价格的关系也用涤纶来制造的），布料的光泽度比较亮，手感较滑。 </p><p>但是市面上因为价格的关系也用涤纶来制造的。</p><p>Nylon is a thermoplastic, silky material, first used commercially in a nylon-bristled toothbrush (1938), followed more famously by women’s stockings (“nylons”; 1940) after being introduced as a fabric at the 1939 New York World’s Fair.</p><p>尼龙是一种丝滑的，具有热塑性的材料，第一个商业应用在尼龙毛牙刷（1938年），其后更著名女性的丝袜（“尼龙”，1940年）。尼龙是第一个商业成功的合成热塑性聚合物。</p><p>用途：长丝，多用于针织和丝绸工业；短纤，大都与羊毛或毛型化纤混纺。工业：帘子线和渔网，也可作地毯，绳索，传送带，筛网等</p><p><strong>Ripstop nylon</strong> is a light-weight nylon fabric with interwoven ripstop reinforcement threads in a crosshatch pattern. </p><ul><li>Diamond Ripstop</li><li>Mini-Ripstop</li></ul><h3 id="特点-2"><a href="#特点-2" class="headerlink" title="特点"></a>特点</h3><p><strong>优点：</strong></p><p>Water-repellent and tear-resistant Nylon Material. </p><ul><li>Excellent abrasion resistance 最大优点是耐磨。</li><li>Durability: its high tenacity fibers are used for seatbelts, tire cords, ballistic cloth and other uses. 结实耐用：其高强度纤维可用于安全带，轮胎帘线，防弹布和其他用途。</li><li>密度小，织物轻</li><li>Softer “Hand” 柔顺</li><li>Pleats and creases can be heat-set at higher temperatures 可以高温定性褶和折痕</li><li>Highly resilient 高弹性，如钓鱼用的尼龙线</li><li>More compact molecular structure 更紧凑的分子结构</li><li>Paved the way for easy-care garments 免烫</li><li>耐疲劳破坏，化学稳定性也很好，耐碱不耐酸</li><li>High melting point (256 °C/492.8 °F) 熔点高（256℃/ 492.8°F）</li><li>Superior colorfastness 色牢度高</li><li>Variation of luster: nylon has the ability to be very lustrous, semilustrous or dull. 光泽变化：尼龙可是有光泽，半光泽，或无光泽。</li></ul><p><strong>缺点：</strong></p><ul><li>锦纶的缺点与涤纶一样，吸湿性和通透性都较差。</li><li>在耐日光性不好，织物久晒就会变黄，强度下降，吸湿也不好，但比腈纶，涤纶好。</li><li>干燥环境下，锦纶易产生静电</li><li>短纤维织物也易起毛、起球</li><li>锦纶的耐热、耐光性都不够好，熨烫承受温度应控制在140℃以下。</li><li>锦纶的保形性差，用其做成的衣服不如涤纶挺括，易变形。</li><li>但它可以随身附体，是制做各种体形衫的好材料。</li></ul><p>On the other hand, nylon 6 is easy to dye, more readily fades; it has a higher impact resistance, a more rapid moisture absorption, greater elasticity and elastic recovery. 另一方面，尼龙6是容易染色，更容易褪色；它具有较高的耐冲击性，更快速的吸湿性，弹性较大和弹性回复。</p><p><strong>优点：</strong></p><ul><li>优点是高强度、高耐磨性、高抗化学性及良好的抗变形性，抗老化性。</li><li>布料的光泽度比较亮，手感较滑。</li></ul><p><strong>缺点：</strong></p><ul><li>表层防水，水滴上去表层会形成水珠。仿的尼龙表层还是会湿，不能通过图层防水。</li><li>尼龙的价格比涤纶的贵。</li></ul><p>比较有名的有PERTEX，CORDURA。</p><h2 id="涤纶与尼龙区别"><a href="#涤纶与尼龙区别" class="headerlink" title="涤纶与尼龙区别"></a>涤纶与尼龙区别</h2><table><thead><tr><th>特性/材质</th><th>尼龙</th><th>涤纶</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>感官</td><td>外表光泽度亮，手感滑</td><td>外表光泽度较暗，表面较粗糙</td></tr><tr><td>用指甲刮</td><td>痕迹不明显</td><td>有明显痕迹</td></tr><tr><td>燃烧</td><td>冒白烟，燃烧后成塑，残物不能捏碎</td><td>冒黑烟，残物可以捏碎</td></tr><tr><td>性能</td><td>表面防水，耐磨，受力，色牢度</td><td>涂层防水，涂层会有白色划痕</td></tr><tr><td>涂层</td><td>PU/优力胶/PVC 涂层</td><td>PVC 涂层</td></tr><tr><td>普通价格（元/米）</td><td>7-16</td><td>4.5-6.5</td></tr><tr><td>环保价格</td><td>+ 1.5-2</td><td>+ 1.5-2</td></tr><tr><td>宽幅</td><td>1.45米</td><td>1.45米</td></tr><tr><td>起订量</td><td>1000米</td><td>1000米</td></tr></tbody></table><p><strong>尼龙和涤纶燃烧现象：</strong></p><ul><li>尼龙，近火焰即迅速卷缩熔成白色胶状，在火焰中熔燃滴落并起泡，燃烧时没有火焰，离开火焰难继续燃烧，散发出芹菜味，冷却后浅褐色熔融物不易研碎。 </li><li>涤纶，易点燃，近火焰即熔缩，燃烧时边熔化边冒黑烟，呈黄色火焰，散发芳香气味，烧后灰烬为黑褐色硬块，用手指可捻碎。 </li></ul><h2 id="无纺布-Non-Woven-Fabric"><a href="#无纺布-Non-Woven-Fabric" class="headerlink" title="无纺布/Non Woven Fabric"></a>无纺布/Non Woven Fabric</h2><p>See <a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/15374.htm" target="_blank" rel="external">无纺布_百度百科</a></p><p>无纺布（英文名：Non Woven Fabric 或者 Nonwoven cloth）又称不织布，是由定向的或随机的纤维而构成，是新一代环保材料，具有防潮、透气、柔韧、质轻、不助燃、容易分解、无毒无刺激性、色彩丰富、价格低廉、可循环再用等特点。如多采用聚丙烯（pp材质）粒料为原料，经高温熔融、喷丝、铺纲、热压卷取连续一步法生产而成。因具有布的外观和某些性能而称其为布。</p><p><strong>特点:</strong></p><p>无纺布没有经纬线，剪裁和缝纫都非常方便，而且质轻容易定型，深受手工爱好者的喜爱。</p><p>它不是由一根一根的纱线交织、编结在一起的，而是将纤维直接通过物理的方法粘合在一起的，所以，当你拿到你衣服里的粘称时，就会发现，是抽不出一根根的线头的。非织造布突破了传统的纺织原理，并具有工艺流程短、生产速率快，产量高、成本低、用途广、原料来源多等特点。</p><p><strong>无纺布与纺粘布的关系：</strong></p><p>纺粘布与无纺布是从属关系。无纺布的制造有许多的生产工艺，其中纺粘法是其中的一种无纺布生产工艺(包括纺粘法、熔喷法、热轧法、水剌法，现市面上大部分都是用纺粘法生产的无纺布)</p><p>无纺布根据成分，有涤纶、丙纶、锦纶、氨纶、腈纶等；不同的成分会有截然不同的无纺布风格。而纺粘布，通常指的是涤纶纺粘、丙纶纺粘；而这两种布的风格非常接近，通过高温测试才能判别出。</p><p>无纺布是一种非织造布，它是直接利用高聚物切片、短纤维或长丝将纤维通过气流或机械成网，然后经过水刺，针刺，或热轧加固，最后经过后整理形成的无编织的布料。具有柔软、透气和平面结构的新型纤维制品，优点是不产生纤维屑，强韧、耐用、丝般柔软，也是增强材料的一种，而且还有棉质的感觉，和棉织品相比，无纺布的袋子容易成形，而且造价便宜。</p><p>优点：</p><ol><li>质轻：以聚丙烯树脂为主要生产原料，比重仅0.9，只有棉花的五分之三，具蓬松性，手感好。</li><li>柔软：由细纤维组成(2-3D)轻点状热熔粘结成型。成品柔软度适中，具舒适感。</li><li>拨水、透气：聚丙烯切片不吸水，含水率零，成品拨水性佳，由100%纤维组成具多孔性，透气性佳，易保持布面干爽、易洗涤。</li><li>无毒、无刺激性:产品采用符合FDA食品级原料生产，不含其他化学成分，性能稳定，无毒、无异味，不刺激皮肤。</li><li>抗菌、抗化学药剂：聚丙烯属化学钝性物质，不虫蛀，并能隔离存在液体内细菌及虫类的侵蚀；抗菌、碱腐蚀、成品不因侵蚀而影响强度。</li><li>抗菌性。制品具拔水性，不发霉，并能隔离存在液体内细菌及虫类的侵蚀，不霉蛀。</li><li>物性佳。由聚丙烯纺丝直接铺成网热粘结而成，制品强度较一般短纤产品为佳，强度无方向性，纵横向强度相近。</li><li>在环保方面，使用的大多数无纺布的原材料是聚丙烯，而塑料袋的原材料是聚乙烯，两种物质虽然名字相似，但在化学结构上却相差甚远。聚乙烯的化学分子结构具有相当强的稳定性，极难降解，所以塑料袋需要300年才可分解完毕；而聚丙烯的化学结构不牢固，分子链很容易就可断裂，从而可以有效地降解，并且在无毒的形态中进入下一步环境循环，一个无纺布购物袋在90天内就可以彻底分解。而且无纺布购物袋可重复使用10次以上，废弃后对环境的污染度也只有塑料袋的10%。</li></ol><p>缺点：</p><ol><li>与纺织布相比强度和耐久性较差。</li><li>不能像其他布料一样清洗。</li><li>纤维按一定方向排列、所以容易从直角方向裂开等等。因此生产方法的改善主要放在防止分裂的改良上。</li></ol><h2 id="帆布-Canvas"><a href="#帆布-Canvas" class="headerlink" title="帆布 Canvas"></a>帆布 Canvas</h2><p>帆布（canvas）是一种较粗厚的棉织物或麻织物。因最初用于船帆而得名。一般多采用平纹组织，少量的用斜纹组织，经纬纱均用多股线。</p><p>常用与斜挎包、背包、妈咪包、沙滩包。由于其具有耐磨的特性，也可以用于登山包。</p><p>没有涂层，化学成份为棉，而牛津的化学成份化纤。现在有些帆布表面会涂一层 PVC（过胶、雅膜）。</p><h3 id="分类-1"><a href="#分类-1" class="headerlink" title="分类"></a>分类</h3><p>市场上有全棉帆布和涤棉帆布之分，全棉帆布较贵。</p><p>帆布通常分粗帆布和细帆布两大类。</p><ul><li>粗帆布又称篷盖布，常用58号（10英支）4～7股线织制，织物坚牢耐折，具有良好的防水性能，用于汽车运输和露天仓库的遮盖以及野外搭帐篷。</li><li>细帆布经纬纱一般为2股58号至6股28号（10英支/2～21英支/6），用于制作劳动保护服装及其用品。经染色后也可用作鞋、旅行袋、背包、等面料。</li></ul><p>粗帆布又称蓬盖布，具有良好的防水性能，用于汽车运输和露天仓库的遮盖以及野外搭帐篷。细帆布用于制作劳动保护服装及其用品，经染色或印花后，也可用作鞋材、箱包面料、手袋、背包、桌布、台布等等。此外，还有橡胶帆布，防火、防辐射用的屏蔽帆布，造纸机用的帆布。</p><p>帆布织物 <em>密度</em> 的计算单位以公制计，是指一平方英寸内经纬纱排列的根数。密度的大小，直接影响织物的外观，手感，厚度，强力，抗折性，透气性，耐磨性和保暖性能等物理机械指标，同时他也关系到产品的成本和生产效率的大小。因此，密度越大防水性越好。</p><p><strong>根据材质不同分为涤棉帆布和纯棉帆布。</strong></p><ul><li>纯棉（100% cutton canvas）：手感好 不耐干 结实。</li><li>涤棉(TC canvas)：一般情况下：65% 涤，35% 棉。表面比纯棉亮滑。</li><li>再生棉：可回收再利用。用的不多。</li></ul><p><strong>按水洗分类：</strong></p><ul><li>水洗帆布：颜色比较复古，泛白，就像水洗过了一样。</li><li>染色帆布：色彩鲜艳，易掉色，但取决于质量。帆布的原始颜色为米黄色。</li></ul><h3 id="特点-3"><a href="#特点-3" class="headerlink" title="特点"></a>特点</h3><ul><li>耐磨</li><li>透气</li><li>可降解</li><li>耐洗</li><li>不防水</li></ul><h3 id="幅宽和价格"><a href="#幅宽和价格" class="headerlink" title="幅宽和价格"></a>幅宽和价格</h3><p>帆布幅宽为1.45米。</p><p>常用帆布价格：</p><ul><li>10安=7.5元/码</li><li>12安=11.5元/码</li><li>14安=13.5元/码</li><li>16安=15.5元/码</li><li>22安=20元/码</li></ul><h2 id="斜纹"><a href="#斜纹" class="headerlink" title="斜纹"></a>斜纹</h2><h2 id="花瑶"><a href="#花瑶" class="headerlink" title="花瑶"></a>花瑶</h2><p>花瑶因为有加捻，看上去有一丝丝像蛔虫似的暗纹，注意是暗纹哦，锦涤纺最薄的和最厚的差别很大，一般有双色的和单色的，薄的做服装里料，厚的做面料，有部分品种也叫变色龙，做唐装用的。锦涤纺部分品种也有纹路的，不过比较显眼，像裂纹，闪电形状的。</p><h2 id="网布"><a href="#网布" class="headerlink" title="网布"></a>网布</h2><p>网布在箱包行业中一般用于包的两侧，前幅或后幅做于网袋用于放置物品，或者用于夹层来隔离物品！</p><ul><li>优越的透气性</li><li>回弹性,有弹性,提供缓冲保护</li><li>质地轻,易洗涤</li><li>环保无毒</li><li>网孔多样性,美观大方。</li></ul><h3 id="分类-2"><a href="#分类-2" class="headerlink" title="分类"></a>分类</h3><p><strong>根据网眼形状可分为：</strong></p><ol><li><p>三明治网布。布料分为三层。</p><p> <img src="../resources/images/sandwitch-screen-cloth.jpg" alt=""></p></li><li><p>六角网布</p><p> <img src="../resources/images/hexangular-screen-cloth.jpg" alt=""></p></li><li><p>菱形网眼布</p></li><li>方格网眼布</li><li>提花网眼布</li><li><p>鸟眼网布</p><p> <img src="../resources/images/bird-eye-screen-cloth.jpg" alt=""></p></li><li><p>珠地网眼布。珠地网眼，广义的意思是以针织线圈之凹凸风格类面料的泛称，狭义的意思为针织单面圆机所织的4路一个循环的凹凸组织面料。由于面料有排列均匀整齐的凹凸效果，和皮肤接触的面在透气和散热，排汗的感觉舒适度上优于普通的单面汗布组织，一般常用做T恤、运动服等。</p><p> <img src="../resources/images/zhudi-screen-cloth.jpg" alt=""></p></li></ol><p><strong>根据网布使用的原材料可以分为：</strong></p><ol><li>PVC 网布</li><li>涤纶网布</li><li>尼龙网布</li><li>蕾丝网布</li></ol><h3 id="价格"><a href="#价格" class="headerlink" title="价格"></a>价格</h3><ul><li>六角网：1.8~6.5 元/m</li><li>三明治网：5~9 元/m</li></ul><h2 id="里布"><a href="#里布" class="headerlink" title="里布"></a>里布</h2><p>Taslon, 亚麻</p><p>服装里料就是通常听说的服装里子（夹里布），它是指用于部分或全部覆盖服装里面的材料。</p><p>里布的价格一般比面料的价格更低。</p><figure class="image-bubble">                <div class="img-lightbox">                    <div class="overlay"></div>                    <img src="../resources/images/lining.jpg" alt="" title="">                </div>                <div class="image-caption"></div>            </figure><p>里布尽量不要用白色，会增加次品率。</p><p>根据客人的询盘数量，告知是否可以定做材质，不同材质起订量不一样，数量少的只能用现有材料。</p><p>以下材料常用于女包和运动包的里布：</p><ul><li>210D 牛津布。</li><li>无涂层（即看不到的 PU 图层）的 420D。</li><li>无涂层的斜纹 230D。</li><li>T/C 棉 。涤纶和棉布混纺。一般都带有印花。</li><li>斜纹。</li><li>棉布。成本比较高，用得比较少。</li><li>190T，比 210D 更薄，也是牛津布的一种，也成为涤塔夫，不常用。</li><li>塔丝绒。旁边容易拉丝，不常用。</li><li>桃皮绒。</li></ul><p>比较常见的里布品种有:涤塔夫,舒美绸,人造丝系列,雪纺,色丁等.</p><h3 id="涤塔夫里布"><a href="#涤塔夫里布" class="headerlink" title="涤塔夫里布"></a>涤塔夫里布</h3><p>涤塔夫是一种全涤布，是涤纶长丝织造,外观上光亮，手感光滑。这样的布叫涤塔夫，可以做面料和里料，一般做里料多。</p><p>taffeta是塔夫的意思，这个本来是真丝的一种分类（真丝分4大类24小类），用涤纶仿的叫做涤塔夫或者涤丝纺，尼龙的叫做尼丝纺。</p><p>属于合成纤维的一种，手感滑爽，不粘手，富有弹性，光泽明亮刺眼，颜色鲜艳夺目，不易起皱，缩水率小于5%。单丝粗细均匀，不易扯断。点燃纤维，有其他气味。[1] </p><h3 id="舒美绸里布"><a href="#舒美绸里布" class="headerlink" title="舒美绸里布"></a>舒美绸里布</h3><p>此种面料以FDY68D/24F与DTY75D/36F为原料，在喷水织机上织造，采用斜纹组织。坯绸经整理后，手感柔软、光泽亮丽、无静电，产品适于制作中高档西服、风衣、皮装等。正面以人造丝来表现其风格特色，以手感柔软滑爽、不易退色起皱、光泽亮丽、牢度强等优点，不但适宜配作休闲服和唐装的里料，而且又是时尚箱包里衬布。</p><h3 id="人造丝里布"><a href="#人造丝里布" class="headerlink" title="人造丝里布"></a>人造丝里布</h3><p>人丝里布又称为:涤粘里布,半宾霸里布,是一种仅此于宾霸的里布.常规品种有人丝斜纹,人丝平纹,人丝提花等各个品种,由于是采用涤纶和粘胶两种不同的原料混纺而成的,所以染色出来的效果是拥有真丝一般的双色效果,目前国内比较知名的人造丝里布品牌正信的”鹤立”,其生产的人造丝大提花,小提花产品等远销欧美等国。[1]  .</p><h3 id="雪纺里布"><a href="#雪纺里布" class="headerlink" title="雪纺里布"></a>雪纺里布</h3><p>雪纺：在中国东方丝绸市场上全新亮相，备受南北商贾所青睐，小批量多批次成交颇为活跃。 该面料经纬丝采用涤纶FDY100D加捻，然后再经蒸烘退捻的特殊整浆工艺。织物结构采用平纹变化，<br>产品除了具有柔软、滑爽、透气、易洗的优点外，舒适性更强,悬垂性更好。面料既可染色、印花,<br>又可绣花、烫金、褶皱等。上市面料以多种浅彩色调和浅素色泽为主导产品，兼具淡汝素雅之美感。<br>面料门幅150cm，每米克重约在130克左右，是制作春夏时尚女性理想的时装面料之一。[1] </p><h3 id="色丁里布"><a href="#色丁里布" class="headerlink" title="色丁里布"></a>色丁里布</h3><p>色丁”系列：一款洋溢旺盛生命力、显示自然风貌的—“色丁”面料，它是问世已久的老品种，<br>但盛泽地区的纺织界对其产品进行了改版，除了采用大有光三角异型丝原料和织造工艺创新外，<br>也在面料染整后处理工艺延伸，其密度增加，手感更柔软，功能更拓展。“色丁”己经形成系列并且在吴江东方丝绸市场上应市的“色丁”织造风格有缎纹、坚条、竹节、提花等。</p><h3 id="针织里布"><a href="#针织里布" class="headerlink" title="针织里布"></a>针织里布</h3><p>1．采用珠光多纤维原料使产品呈现别具特色的缎面效果，令成衣更具高雅，华丽的感觉。<br>2．经编结构无需锁边也不易撕裂，满足设计师各种设计要求。<br>3．良好的伸展回弹性扩大了针织里布的有效使用率。<br>4.．双向经纬的弹力使产品能应用于各种服饰。<br>5．同时拥有滑爽如内衣般的轻柔触感，及贴合人体的高垂感。<br>6．经过一段时间洗涤也能保持效果的耐久防静电加工。<br>7．采用环保染色技术，不污染环境不影响人体健康。[2] </p><p>铝膜、复铝膜珍珠棉常用于冰包、午餐包的里布。使用其防水隔热的特性。复铝膜珍珠棉越厚，价格越高，厚度单位为 mm。</p><p>背包一般使用 210D 或者 230D 作为里布。</p><p><strong>铝箔复合珍珠棉：</strong></p><figure class="image-bubble">                <div class="img-lightbox">                    <div class="overlay"></div>                    <img src="../resources/images/alum-pearl-wool.jpg" alt="" title="">                </div>                <div class="image-caption"></div>            </figure><p><strong>铝膜</strong></p><figure class="image-bubble">                <div class="img-lightbox">                    <div class="overlay"></div>                    <img src="../resources/images/aluminum.jpg" alt="" title="">                </div>                <div class="image-caption"></div>            </figure><p><strong>珍珠棉：</strong></p><figure class="image-bubble">                <div class="img-lightbox">                    <div class="overlay"></div>                    <img src="../resources/images/pearl-wool.jpg" alt="" title="">                </div>                <div class="image-caption"></div>            </figure><p>聚乙烯发泡棉是非交联闭孔结构，又称 EPE 珍珠棉 , 是一种新型环保的包装材料。它由低密度聚乙烯脂经物理发泡产生无数的独立气泡构成。克服了普通发泡胶易碎、变形、恢复性差的缺点。具有隔水防潮、防震、隔音、保温、可塑性能佳、韧性强、循环再造、环保、抗撞力强等诸多优点，亦具有很好的抗化学性能。是传统包装材料的理想替代品。 </p><p><strong>铝箔复合珍珠棉：</strong></p><figure class="image-bubble">                <div class="img-lightbox">                    <div class="overlay"></div>                    <img src="../resources/images/alum-pearl-wool.jpg" alt="" title="">                </div>                <div class="image-caption"></div>            </figure><p><strong>铝膜</strong></p><figure class="image-bubble">                <div class="img-lightbox">                    <div class="overlay"></div>                    <img src="../resources/images/aluminum.jpg" alt="" title="">                </div>                <div class="image-caption"></div>            </figure><p><strong>珍珠棉：</strong></p><figure class="image-bubble">                <div class="img-lightbox">                    <div class="overlay"></div>                    <img src="../resources/images/pearl-wool.jpg" alt="" title="">                </div>                <div class="image-caption"></div>            </figure><p>聚乙烯发泡棉是非交联闭孔结构，又称 EPE 珍珠棉 , 是一种新型环保的包装材料。它由低密度聚乙烯脂经物理发泡产生无数的独立气泡构成。克服了普通发泡胶易碎、变形、恢复性差的缺点。具有隔水防潮、防震、隔音、保温、可塑性能佳、韧性强、循环再造、环保、抗撞力强等诸多优点，亦具有很好的抗化学性能。是传统包装材料的理想替代品。 </p><h2 id="纺织布料常用概念"><a href="#纺织布料常用概念" class="headerlink" title="纺织布料常用概念"></a>纺织布料常用概念</h2><h3 id="克重"><a href="#克重" class="headerlink" title="克重"></a>克重</h3><p>克重：指一平方米布料的重量克数。</p><p>梭织帆布面料用<code>盎司</code>、<code>安</code>或 <code>OZ</code>，针织帆布一般用克重（g/m<sup>2</sup>）。其中 <code>安</code>是 <code>安士</code> 的缩写，英文表示为 <code>OZ</code>。</p><pre><code>1盎司 = 28.3495231g/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;</code></pre><p>安数越大，经纬度越粗。</p><h3 id="纱支"><a href="#纱支" class="headerlink" title="纱支"></a>纱支</h3><p>纱支简而言之，即指纱的粗细程度。</p><p>一磅（454克）重的棉纱（或其它成分纱），长度为840码（0.9144码/米）时，纱的细度为一支。如果一磅纱，其长度是10×840码，其细度是10支，纱支的表示方法英制式的表示符号是英文字母“S” 。单根纱的表示方法是：32支单纱，表示为32S。</p><p>股线的表示方法是：32支股线（两亘并捻）既为：32S/2，42支3 根并捻既为：42S/3。</p><p>纱支越大，纱越细。</p><h3 id="幅宽和起订量"><a href="#幅宽和起订量" class="headerlink" title="幅宽和起订量"></a>幅宽和起订量</h3><p>幅宽：指帆布的纬向宽度，在国际上常用 <code>英寸</code>或 <code>&quot;</code> 表示，如47”。在国内常用 <code>厘米</code> 或 <code>cm</code> 表示，如 120cm。</p><pre><code>1英寸=2.54厘米</code></pre><p>起订量：理论上是 500米，有现货的情况下 100 米，200米 也可以。</p><h3 id="D-数的含义"><a href="#D-数的含义" class="headerlink" title="D 数的含义"></a>D 数的含义</h3><p>D 是 DENIER（旦尼尔）的缩写，是化学纤维的一种细度表达方法，是指9000米长的丝在公定回潮率时的重量克数，也称为旦数。 </p><pre><code>旦尼尔（D）=(g/L)x9000，其中 g 为丝线重量(克), L为丝线长度(米)。</code></pre><p>D 越大，表示纱线越粗，同样面积的布料就越重。常见于背包面料的材料强度指标。</p><p>一般用于300D，420D，600D，1680D。</p><h3 id="色牢度"><a href="#色牢度" class="headerlink" title="色牢度"></a>色牢度</h3><p>色牢度是纺织品的重要质量指标之一。所谓色牢度是指染色纺织品在物理和化学作用下，颜色保持坚牢的程度，即染色纺织品色泽受外界影响坚牢程度称为染色牢度。以试验后试样的色泽变化，白布沾色程度的评定等级表示色牢度的好坏。</p><p>纺织品的色牢度，分为5级: 1、2、3、4、5 （1级最差，5级最高，在中国市场达不到的。）</p><p>在评定不准时，或者商家只需要在色牢度范围内时，有大概参数等级：1-2, 2-3, 3-4, 4-5。</p><p>常规的色牢度为 3.5。</p><p>以下为织带所必须满足的织带标准：</p><ol><li>耐水洗牢度3.5级以上,通过 ISO105-C01:1989 测试标准</li><li>耐摩擦牢度3.5级以上,通过 ISO105-X12:1993 测试标准</li><li>耐日晒牢度4级以上,通过 ISO105-B02:1994 测试标准</li></ol><h2 id="色丁"><a href="#色丁" class="headerlink" title="色丁"></a>色丁</h2><p>色丁就是satin的音译。色丁是一种面料，也叫沙丁。外观与五枚缎相似，密度高于五枚缎。通常有一面是很光滑的，亮度很好，就是它的缎面。规格通常有75×100D，75×150D等。原料：可以是棉，混纺的，或者涤纶，也有是纯化纤的，是面料的组织不同形成的。主要用于各类女装，睡衣面料或内衣的。该产品流行性广，光泽度悬垂感好，手感柔软有仿真丝效果。</p><p>其原料可以是棉，混纺的，或者涤纶，也有是纯化纤的，是面料的组织不同形成的。主要用于各类女装，睡衣面料或内衣的。该产品流行性广，光泽度悬垂感好，手感柔软有仿真丝效果。布面的风格独特，具有较好的缎面闪光视觉效果。该面料用途十分广阔，不仅可制作休闲的裤装、运动装、套装等，而且又是床上用料。面料制成衣穿着舒适，而颇受欢迎。</p><p>See <a href="http://baike.baidu.com/link?url=l6UqpiViVHb9UufWgJvMnxs8-1KXuqqc0bpMJA-e8V2AtzDcztSKif-X6fCN_ZD8bq8dcvWVexiQySP22lDMFa" target="_blank" rel="external">色丁_百度百科</a></p><h2 id="织带"><a href="#织带" class="headerlink" title="织带"></a>织带</h2><p>Soft herringbone webbing</p><h2 id="篷布"><a href="#篷布" class="headerlink" title="篷布"></a>篷布</h2><h2 id="TODO"><a href="#TODO" class="headerlink" title="TODO"></a>TODO</h2><ul><li>Ballistic Polyester</li><li>反光布</li><li>fleece-lined Top-load tablet pocket is fleece-lined for automatic glass cleaning, measures 8-1/8” wide x 11.5” tall, lays flat between the main and laptop compartment, and is lockable</li><li>450d PET body fabric <a href="http://www.ebags.com/product/mountainsmith/day-tls-r/228596?productid=10173411" target="_blank" rel="external">http://www.ebags.com/product/mountainsmith/day-tls-r/228596?productid=10173411</a></li><li>Taffeta <a href="http://www.ebags.com/product/hedgren/ashur-waist-bag/295572?productid=10368343" target="_blank" rel="external">http://www.ebags.com/product/hedgren/ashur-waist-bag/295572?productid=10368343</a></li></ul>]]></content>
    
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        &lt;h2 id=&quot;牛津布-Oxford&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;#牛津布-Oxford&quot; class=&quot;headerlink&quot; title=&quot;牛津布 Oxford&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;牛津布 Oxford&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;See &lt;a href=&quot;http://baike.baidu.com/vi
      
    
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      <category term="Bag" scheme="http://blog.inesoi.com/categories/Bag/"/>
    
    
  </entry>
  
  <entry>
    <title>Textile</title>
    <link href="http://blog.inesoi.com/bag-fiber.html"/>
    <id>http://blog.inesoi.com/bag-fiber.html</id>
    <published>2015-10-01T16:00:00.000Z</published>
    <updated>2018-08-19T10:09:33.805Z</updated>
    
    <content type="html"><![CDATA[<h2 id="Textile"><a href="#Textile" class="headerlink" title="Textile"></a>Textile</h2><p>A <em>fabric</em> is a textile material, short for “textile fabric”.</p><p>A <em>textile</em> or cloth is a flexible woven material consisting of a network of <strong>natural or artificial fibres</strong> often referred to as thread or yarn. Textiles are formed by weaving, knitting, crocheting, knotting, or felting. </p><p>纺织品是人工或天然纤维编制而成的柔软材料，这个纤维被称之为线或者纱。纺织品是由机织，针织，钩编，打结或毡形成。</p><p><em>Cloth</em> may be used synonymously with fabric but often refers to a finished piece of fabric used for a specific purpose (e.g., table cloth). </p><p>布通常指的是织物成品。</p><p><em>Yarn</em> is produced by spinning raw fibres of wool, flax, cotton, or other material to produce long strands. </p><p>纱线通过纺纱羊毛，亚麻，棉花，或其它原纤维材料，产生的长线。</p><p>Textiles can be made from many materials. These materials come from four main sources: animal (wool, silk), plant (cotton, flax, jute), mineral (asbestos, glass fibre), and synthetic (nylon, polyester, acrylic). In the past, all textiles were made from natural fibres, including plant, animal, and mineral sources. In the 20th century, these were supplemented by artificial fibres made from petroleum.</p><p>纺织品可以从许多材料制成。这些材料来自四个主要来源：动物（羊毛，丝绸），植物（棉花，亚麻，黄麻），矿物（石棉，玻璃纤维），和合成的（尼龙，聚酯，丙烯酸）。在过去，所有纺织品从天然纤维，包括植物，动物和矿物来源制成。在20世纪，这些都是由石油制成的人造纤维为辅。</p><p>Textiles are made in various strengths and degrees of durability, from the finest gossamer to the sturdiest canvas. Microfibre refers to fibres made of strands thinner than one denier.</p><p>纺织品可以制造不同强度和耐磨程度的材料，从最好的游丝到结实​​的帆布。微纤维是指由链多于一个旦尼尔更薄的纤维。</p><p>See:</p><ul><li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Textile" target="_blank" rel="external">Textile - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</a></li></ul><h2 id="Production-methods-生产方法"><a href="#Production-methods-生产方法" class="headerlink" title="Production methods 生产方法"></a>Production methods 生产方法</h2><p><em>Weaving</em> is a textile production method which involves interlacing a set of longer threads (called the warp) with a set of crossing threads (called the weft). </p><p>织造是一个纺织生产方法，由一组长一些的线（称为经纱）与一组交叉线程（称为纬纱）交织而成。</p><p><em>Knitting and crocheting</em>(针织和钩针) involve interlacing loops of yarn, which are formed either on a knitting needle or on a crochet hook, together in a line. The two processes are different in that knitting has several active loops at one time, on the knitting needle waiting to interlock with another loop, while crocheting never has more than one active loop on the needle. Knitting can be performed by machine, but crochet can only be performed by hand.</p><p><em>Spread Tow</em> is a production method where the yarn are spread into thin tapes, and then the tapes are woven as warp and weft. This method is mostly used for composite materials; Spread Tow Fabrics can be made in carbon, aramide, etc.</p><p><em>Braiding or plaiting</em>(编织或编结) involves twisting threads together into cloth. Knotting involves tying threads together and is used in making macrame.</p><p><em>Lace</em>(蕾丝) is made by interlocking threads together independently, using a backing and any of the methods described above, to create a fine fabric with open holes in the work. Lace can be made by either hand or machine.</p><p>Carpets, rugs, velvet, velour, and velveteen are made by interlacing a secondary yarn through woven cloth, creating a tufted layer known as a nap or pile.</p><p>Felting involves pressing a mat of fibres together, and working them together until they become tangled. A liquid, such as soapy water, is usually added to lubricate the fibres, and to open up the microscopic scales on strands of wool.</p><p><em>Nonwoven textiles</em>(无纺织物) are manufactured by the bonding of fibres to make fabric. Bonding may be thermal or mechanical, or adhesives can be used. 无纺织物由纤维之间的结合，结合方法可以可以是热，机械，或粘合剂。</p><p><em>Bark cloth</em> is made by pounding bark until it is soft and flat.</p><h2 id="Animal-textiles-动物纺织品"><a href="#Animal-textiles-动物纺织品" class="headerlink" title="Animal textiles 动物纺织品"></a>Animal textiles 动物纺织品</h2><p>主要组成物质是蛋白质，又称为天然蛋白质纤维，分为毛和腺分泌物两类。</p><ol><li>毛发类：绵羊毛、山羊毛、骆驼毛、兔毛、牦牛毛等；</li><li>腺分泌物：桑蚕丝、柞蚕丝等。</li></ol><h2 id="Plant-textiles-植物纤维"><a href="#Plant-textiles-植物纤维" class="headerlink" title="Plant textiles 植物纤维"></a>Plant textiles 植物纤维</h2><p>主要组成物质是纤维素，又称为天然纤维素纤维。是由植物上种籽、果实、茎、叶等处获得的纤维。根据在植物上成长的部位的不同，分为种子纤维、叶纤维和茎纤维。</p><ol><li>种子纤维：棉、木棉等；</li><li>叶纤维：剑麻、蕉麻等；</li><li>茎纤维：苎麻、亚麻、大麻、黄麻等。</li></ol><p>Grass, rush, hemp, and sisal are all used in making rope. In the first two, the entire plant is used for this purpose, while in the last two, only fibres from the plant are utilized. Coir (coconut fibre) is used in making twine, and also in floormats, doormats, brushes, mattresses, floor tiles, and sacking.</p><p>草，灯芯草，麻，剑麻都用在制作绳子。前两种材料，整个植物被用于此目的，而后两个，只有植物中的纤维被利用。椰壳（椰子纤维）被用来制作麻线，也用于制作脚垫，门垫，刷子，垫子，地砖，和袋装。</p><p>Straw and bamboo are both used to make hats. Straw, a dried form of grass, is also used for stuffing, as is kapok.</p><p>稻草和竹子都用来做帽子。稻草（干燥的草），也可用于填充物，因为是木棉。</p><p>Cotton, flax, jute, hemp, modal and even bamboo fibre are all used in clothing. Piña (pineapple fibre) and ramie are also fibres used in clothing, generally with a blend of other fibres such as cotton. Nettles have also been used to make a fibre and fabric very similar to hemp or flax. The use of milkweed stalk fibre has also been reported, but it tends to be somewhat weaker than other fibres like hemp or flax.</p><p>棉，亚麻，黄麻，大麻，莫代尔（一种新型纤维素纤维），甚至竹纤维都被用于服装。皮尼亚（菠萝纤维）和苎麻，可以在衣物中使用，一般用的共混物的其他纤维，如棉花的纤维。荨麻也被用来制造纤维和织物非常相似大麻或亚麻。使用乳草秆纤维也有报道，但它往往比其他纤维如大麻或亚麻稍差。</p><h3 id="棉花"><a href="#棉花" class="headerlink" title="棉花"></a>棉花</h3><p>See <a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A3%89%E8%8A%B1" target="_blank" rel="external">棉花 - 维基百科，自由的百科全书</a></p><p>棉花，是锦葵科棉花属植物的种子纤维，棉花的纤维最常纺织成纱线，用来制作柔软透气的纺织品。</p><p><img src="../resources/images/textile-cotton-plant.jpg" height="300"></p><p>棉花喜热、好光、耐旱、忌渍，适宜于在疏松深厚土壤中种植。棉花主要有如下几种：</p><ul><li>粗绒棉–也叫亚洲棉，原产印度。由于产量低、纤维粗短，不适合 机器纺织，目前已被淘汰。</li><li>长绒棉–也叫海岛棉，原产南美洲。纤维长、强度高是其特点，适合于纺高支纱。目前中国只有新疆生产。</li><li>细绒棉–也叫陆地棉，原产中美洲，所以又称美棉。适应性广、产量高、纤维较长、品质较好是其特点，可纺中支纱。</li></ul><p>中国的细绒棉占棉花产量的98%。</p><p><em>埃及棉</em>一般会指高品质的棉，不过埃及出产的棉只有少部分是高品质的，而大多数写“埃及棉”的制品多半也不是用埃及最好的棉制成。</p><p><em>比马棉</em>（Pima cotton）一般会和埃及棉相比，二者都用在高品质的床单及其他棉制品上，一些权威人士认为比马棉的品质是仅次于埃及棉。比马棉长在美州的西南部，不过也不是所有写比马棉的都用最好的棉花制成。像秘鲁、澳洲及以色列等产棉国家会使用比马棉这个名称</p><p>外观性能：</p><ul><li>棉的光泽较暗淡，风格自然朴实，故多用于日常的休闲装。</li><li>棉纤维的染色性好，色谱齐全，但色牢度不够好。</li><li>棉纤维的缺点是弹性差，不挺括，易起皱且不易恢复，为改善这一性能，常对棉进行免熨整理或树脂整理，如市场上出现的免熨衬衫、免熨休闲裤等棉制品。市场上常见的有DP(double press)或PP(permanent press)标记的衬衫表示具有“耐用熨烫”或“永久熨烫”性能。</li></ul><p>舒适性能：</p><p>棉纤维舒适柔软，手感温暖，吸湿性好（棉纤维为多孔性物质，纤维大分子上存在亲水基因），穿作舒适，不刺激皮肤，且不易产生静电。</p><p>耐用性与加工保养性能：</p><ul><li>具有良好的吸湿性，公定回潮率8.5%；但缩水率较大，约为4%~10%。</li><li>耐热性和耐光性好，熨烫温度可达190℃，若垫干布可提高20~30℃，垫湿布可提高40~60℃，棉织品最好湿烫，易于熨平。但长时间暴晒会引起褪色和强度下降。</li><li>强度较高，湿强高于干强，便于洗涤。</li><li>耐碱不耐酸，在张力和碱液的作用下产生丝光效应，使强度增大获得耐久的光泽。不加张力任其收缩，叫缩碱。</li><li>回弹性较差，耐磨性不够好。</li><li>棉纤维易受霉菌等微生物的侵害，引起纤维素大分子水解、发霉产生黑斑引起色变，尤其是高品质的棉制品色泽变化更为突出，保养时应该注意。</li></ul><p>依照等级、纤维长度及成熟度来判别品质。</p><p>纤维长度：短纤、中长纤、长纤、超长纤</p><h3 id="亚麻"><a href="#亚麻" class="headerlink" title="亚麻"></a>亚麻</h3><p>See <a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E9%BA%BB#/media/File:%D0%9B%D1%91%D0%BD_(%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%8B_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B8_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8B" target="_blank" rel="external">亚麻 - 维基百科，自由的百科全书</a>.JPG)</p><p>亚麻（学名：Linum usitatissimum），是亚麻科亚麻属一年生草本植物。</p><p>象征：</p><ul><li>亚麻花是白俄罗斯的国花；</li><li>亚麻是北爱尔兰议会的徽章图案；</li><li>亚麻是英国1986年和1991年发行的1英镑硬币上的图案，象征北爱尔兰。</li><li>白色人种中棕色头发的人一般被称为头发为亚麻色；</li></ul><p><img src="../resources/images/linum-flower.jpg" height="300"><br><img src="../resources/images/linum-field.jpg" height="300"><br><img src="../resources/images/linum-fiber.jpg" width="40%"><br><img src="../resources/images/linum-fiber-product.jpg" width="58%"></p><p>亚麻纤维：取其茎部韧皮纤维，因其坚韧耐磨，在水中不易腐烂，多用于制绳索、鱼网、降落伞等。亚麻的开发利用价值高，亚麻茎制取的纤维是纺织工业的重要原料，可纯纺，亦可与其它纤维混纺。由于亚麻纤维与动物纤维、其它植物纤维、合成纤维相比，具有许多独特的不可替代的优点，决定了它在国民经济中占重要地位：</p><ol><li>亚麻纤维强韧、柔细，其强度是棉纤维的1.5倍、绢丝的1.6倍，可纺支数高，织物平滑整洁，适宜制作高级衣料。</li><li>亚麻纤维具有吸湿性强、散热快、耐摩擦、耐高温、不易燃、不易裂、导电性小、吸尘率低、抑菌保健等独特优点，适宜制作飞机翼布、军用布、消防、宇航、医疗和卫生保健服装及帆布、水龙带、室内装饰布及工艺刺锈品等。</li><li>打麻下脚料和麻屑也有较高的利用价值，加工后的短纤维即麻棉，可与毛、丝、棉、化纤等生产混纺纱，也可纺纯麻纱；麻屑是制造人造板材或高级纸张的优质原料。</li></ol><h2 id="Mineral-textiles-矿物纺织品"><a href="#Mineral-textiles-矿物纺织品" class="headerlink" title="Mineral textiles 矿物纺织品"></a>Mineral textiles 矿物纺织品</h2><p>Glass fibre is used in the production of ironing board and mattress covers, ropes and cables, reinforcement fibre for composite materials, insect netting, flame-retardant and protective fabric, soundproof, fireproof, and insulating fibres. Glass fibres are woven and coated with Teflon to produce beta cloth, a virtually fireproof fabric which replaced nylon in the outer layer of United States space suits since 1968.</p><p>玻璃纤维是用在生产熨衣板和床罩，绳索和电缆，加固纤维复合材料，昆虫网，阻燃和防护织物，隔音，防火，和绝缘纤维。玻璃纤维编织并涂有特富龙生产测试布，几乎防火织物，美国航天服的外层尼龙取代自1968年以来。</p><h2 id="Synthetic-textiles-化纤纺织-合成纤维"><a href="#Synthetic-textiles-化纤纺织-合成纤维" class="headerlink" title="Synthetic textiles 化纤纺织/合成纤维"></a>Synthetic textiles 化纤纺织/合成纤维</h2><p>See <a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%90%88%E6%88%90%E7%BA%96%E7%B6%AD" target="_blank" rel="external">合成纤维 - 维基百科，自由的百科全书</a></p><p>化学纤维是用天然高分子化合物或人工合成的高分子化合物为原料，经过制备纺丝原液、纺丝和后处理等工序制得的具有纺织性能的纤维。</p><p>合成纤维是由合成的高分子化合物制成的，常用的合成纤维有涤纶、锦纶、腈纶、氯纶、维纶、氨纶等。</p><p>All synthetic textiles are used primarily in the production of clothing. 所有的合成纺织品主要用于生产服装。</p><p>Polyester fibre is used in all types of clothing, either alone or blended with fibres such as cotton. 聚酯纤维用于所有类型的服装，无论是单独或者和棉花等纤维的混合。</p><p>Aramid fibre (e.g. Twaron) is used for flame-retardant clothing, cut-protection, and armor. 芳纶(芳族聚酰胺)纤维（例如特威隆）用于阻燃服装，切保护，和盔甲。</p><p>Acrylic is a fibre used to imitate wools, including cashmere, and is often used in replacement of them. 丙烯酸是用于模仿羊毛，羊绒，包括纤维，并且通常在更换并用。</p><p>Nylon is a fibre used to imitate silk; it is used in the production of pantyhose. Thicker nylon fibres are used in rope and outdoor clothing. 尼龙是用来模仿丝纤维;它被用于生产连裤袜。较厚的尼龙纤维用于在绳和户外服装。</p><p>Spandex (trade name Lycra) is a polyurethane product that can be made tight-fitting without impeding movement. It is used to make activewear, bras, and swimsuits. 氨纶（商品名​​莱卡）是可以作出紧身不妨碍移动的聚氨酯产物。它是用来制造运动服，胸罩，和泳衣。</p><p>Carbon fibre is mostly used in composite materials, together with resin, such as carbon fibre reinforced plastic. The fibres are made from polymer fibres through carbonization. 碳纤维主要用于在复合材料，与树脂一起，例如碳纤维增强塑料。纤维由通过碳化聚合物纤维制成。</p><p><strong>特点：</strong></p><ul><li><p>粘胶(吸湿易染)</p><p>  是人造纤维素纤维，由溶液法纺丝制得，由于纤维芯层与外层的凝固速率不一致，形成皮芯结构（从横截面切片可明显看出）。粘胶是普通化纤中吸湿最强的，染色性很好，穿着舒适感好，粘胶弹性差，湿态下的强度，耐磨性很差，所以粘胶不耐水洗，尺寸稳定性差。比重大，织物重，耐碱不耐酸。</p><p>  粘胶纤维用途广泛而且环保，几乎所有类型的纺织品都会用到它，如长丝作衬里、美丽绸、旗帜、飘带、轮胎帘子线等；短纤维作仿棉、仿毛、混纺。</p></li><li><p>涤纶(挺括不皱)</p><p>  特点：强度高、耐冲击性好，耐热，耐腐，耐蛀，耐酸不耐碱，耐光性很好（仅次于腈纶），曝晒1000小时，强力保持60-70%，吸湿性很差，染色困难，织物易洗快干，保形性好。具有“洗可穿”的特点。</p><p>  缺点是吸湿性极差，由它纺织的面料穿在身上发闷、不透气。另外，由于纤维表面光滑，纤维之间的抱合力差，经常摩擦之处易起毛、结球。</p><p>  长丝：常作为低弹丝，制作各种纺织品；</p><p>  短纤：棉、毛、麻等均可混纺，工业上：轮胎帘子线，渔网、绳索，滤布，缘绝材料等。涤纶是目前化纤中用量最大的。</p></li><li><p>锦纶(结实耐磨)</p><p>  最大优点是结实耐磨，是最优的一种。密度小，织物轻，弹性好，耐疲劳破坏，化学稳定性也很好，耐碱不耐酸！</p><p>  最大缺点是耐日光性不好，织物久晒就会变黄，强度下降，吸湿也不好，但比腈纶，涤纶好。</p><p>  用途：长丝，多用于针织和丝绸工业；短纤，大都与羊毛或毛型化纤混纺。工业：帘子线和渔网，也可作地毯，绳索，传送带，筛网等</p></li><li><p>腈纶(膨松耐晒)</p><p>  腈纶纤维的性能很羊毛，所以叫“合成羊毛”。</p><p>  特点：耐日光性与耐气候性很好（居第一位），吸湿差，染色难。</p><p>  用途：主要作民用，可纯纺也可混纺，制成多种毛料、毛线、毛毯、运动服也可：人造毛皮、长毛绒，膨体纱，水龙头，雨伞布等。</p></li><li><p>维纶(水溶吸湿)</p><p>  最大特点是吸湿性大，合成纤维中最好的，号称“合成棉花”。强度比锦、涤差，化学稳定性好，不耐强酸，耐碱。耐日光性与耐气候性也很好，但它耐干热而不耐湿热（收缩）弹性最差，织物易起皱，染色较差，色泽不鲜艳。</p><p>  用途：多和棉花混纺：细布，府绸，灯芯绒，内衣，帆布，防水布，包装材料，劳动服等。</p></li><li><p>丙纶(质轻保暖)</p><p>  丙纶纤维是常见化学纤维中最轻的纤维。它几乎不吸湿，但具有良好的芯吸能力，强度高，制成织物尺寸稳定，耐磨弹性也不错，化学稳定性好。但：热稳定性差，不耐日晒，易于老化脆损。</p><p>  用途：可以织袜，蚊帐布，被絮，保暖填料、尿不湿等。工业上：地毯、渔网，帆布，水龙带，医学上带代替棉纱布，做卫生用品。</p></li><li><p>氨纶(弹性纤维)</p><p>  弹性最好，强度最差，吸湿差，有较好的耐光、耐酸、耐碱、耐磨性。</p><p>  用途：氨纶利用它的特性被广泛地使用于内衣，女性用内衣裤，休闲服，运动服，短袜，连裤袜，绷带等为主的纺织领域，医疗领域等。氨纶是追求动感及便利的高性能衣料所必需的高弹性纤维。氨纶比原状可伸长5-7倍，所以穿着舒适、手感柔软、并且不起皱，可始终保持原来的轮廓。</p></li><li><p>改性品种</p><p>  突出的有丙烯腈与氯乙烯共聚纤维，是将丙烯腈和氯乙烯共聚所得的共聚物溶于丙酮，再经干法纺丝或湿法纺丝制得。1949年，由美国联合碳化物公司首先生产，由于氯乙烯含量占50%～60%，因此阻燃性能良好，且具有自熄性，但染色性稍差。</p></li></ul><h3 id="腈纶-jing-lun-PAN"><a href="#腈纶-jing-lun-PAN" class="headerlink" title="腈纶[jīng lún] PAN"></a>腈纶[jīng lún] PAN</h3><p>See <a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/1248852.htm" target="_blank" rel="external">聚丙烯腈纤维_百度百科</a></p><p>腈纶，学名聚丙烯腈纤维，聚丙烯腈或丙烯腈含量大于85%（质量百分比）的丙烯腈共聚物制成的合成纤维。</p><p>聚丙烯腈纤维的性能极似羊毛,弹性较好,伸长20%时回弹率仍可保持 65%，蓬松卷曲而柔软，保暖性比羊毛高15%，有合成羊毛之称。</p><p>腈纶的外观呈白色、卷曲、蓬松、手感柔软，酷似羊毛，多用来和羊毛混纺或作为羊毛的代用品，故又被称为“合成羊毛”。腈纶的吸湿性不够好，但润湿性却比羊毛、丝纤维好。它的耐磨性是合成纤维中较差的，腈纶纤维的熨烫承受温度在130℃以下。</p><p>聚丙烯腈纤维可与羊毛混纺成毛线，或织成毛毯、地毯等，还可与棉、人造纤维、其他合成纤维混纺，织成各种衣料和室内用品。聚丙烯腈纤维加工的膨体可以纯纺，或与粘胶纤维混纺。</p><h3 id="维纶"><a href="#维纶" class="headerlink" title="维纶"></a>维纶</h3><p>See <a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/972476.htm" target="_blank" rel="external">维纶_百度百科</a></p><p>维纶是聚乙烯醇缩醛纤维的商品名称，也叫维尼纶。</p><p>维纶洁白如雪，柔软似棉，因而常被用作天然棉花的代用品，人称“合成棉花”。维纶的吸湿性能是合成纤维中吸湿性能最好的。另外，维纶的耐磨性、耐光性、耐腐蚀性都较好。但因其生产工业流程较长，纤维综合性能不如涤纶、锦纶和腈纶，年产量较小，居合成纤维品种的第5位。</p><p><strong>特点：</strong></p><ul><li>最大特点是吸湿性大，合成纤维中最好的，号称“合成棉花”。强度比锦、涤差，化学稳定性好，不耐强酸，耐碱。耐日光性与耐气候性也很好，但它耐干热而不耐湿热（收缩）弹性最差，织物易起皱，染色较差，色泽不鲜艳。</li><li>维纶是合成纤维中吸湿性最大的品种， 吸湿率为4.5% ~ 5%，接近于棉花（8%）。维纶纺织布穿着舒适，适宜制内衣。</li><li>维纶的强度稍高于棉花， 比羊毛高很多。在一般有机酸、醇、酯及石油等溶剂中不溶解，不易霉蛀，在日光下暴晒强度损失不大。</li><li>耐热水性不够好，弹性较差，染色性较差。</li></ul><p><strong>用途：</strong></p><p>维纶的柔软及保暖性好，它的相对密度比棉花要小，因此与棉花相同重量的维纶能织出更多的衣料。它的热传导率低，因而保暖性好。维纶的耐磨性和强度也比棉花要好，因此维纶在很多方面可以与棉混纺以节省棉花。维纶主要用于制作外衣、棉毛衫裤、运动衫等针织物，还可用于帆布、渔网、外科手术缝线、自行车轮胎帘子线、过滤材料等。</p><p>多和棉花混纺：细布，府绸，灯芯绒，内衣，帆布，防水布，包装材料，劳动服等。</p><p><strong>鉴别：</strong></p><p>维纶学名聚乙烯醇缩甲醛纤维，不易点燃，近焰熔融收缩，燃烧时顶端有一点火焰，待纤维都融成胶状火焰变大，有浓黑烟，散发苦香气味，燃烧后剩下黑色小珠状颗粒，可用手指压碎。</p><h3 id="氯纶-聚氯乙烯-PVC"><a href="#氯纶-聚氯乙烯-PVC" class="headerlink" title="氯纶/聚氯乙烯 PVC"></a>氯纶/聚氯乙烯 PVC</h3><p>See <a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/106617.htm" target="_blank" rel="external">氯纶_百度百科</a></p><p>氯纶的优点较多，耐化学腐蚀性强；导热性能比羊毛还差，因此，保温性强；电绝缘性较高，难燃。另外，它还有一个突出的优点，即用它织成的内衣裤可治疗风湿性关节炎或其它伤痛，而对皮肤无刺激性或损伤。氯纶的缺点也比较突出，即耐热性极差。</p><p>氯纶的突出优点是难燃、保暖、耐晒、耐磨、耐蚀和耐蛀，弹性也很好，可以制造各种针织品、工作服、毛毯、滤布、绳绒、帐篷等，特别是由于它保暖性好，易生产和保持静电，故用它做成的针织内衣对风湿性关节炎有一定疗效。但由于染色性差，热收缩大，限制了它的应用。改善的办法是与其他纤维品种共聚（如维氯纶）或与其他纤维（如粘胶纤维）进行乳液混合纺丝。</p><p>氯纶的缺点也比较突出，即耐热性极差。一般用于服装制造业。</p><figure class="image-bubble">                <div class="img-lightbox">                    <div class="overlay"></div>                    <img src="../resources/images/472309f7905298221f83ddb1d7ca7bcb0a46d414.jpg" alt="" title="">                </div>                <div class="image-caption"></div>            </figure><h3 id="氨纶-Spandex-PU"><a href="#氨纶-Spandex-PU" class="headerlink" title="氨纶 Spandex/PU"></a>氨纶 Spandex/PU</h3><p>See</p><ul><li><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B0%A8%E7%B6%B8" target="_blank" rel="external">氨纶 - 维基百科，自由的百科全书</a></li><li><a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/115097.htm" target="_blank" rel="external">氨纶_百度百科</a></li></ul><p>氨纶（英文：Spandex），俗称莱卡（英语：Lycra），是一种弹力纤维，由美国杜邦公司于1959年发明。其具有很强的弹性，伸展度可达500%，且能回复原样，比橡胶的强度更大，也更耐磨。当它第一次面世的时候，彻底改变了服装行业的许多领域。</p><p>氨纶是聚氨基甲酸酯纤维的简称，是一种弹性纤维，学名聚氨酯纤维(Polyurethane)，简写(PU)。它具有高度弹性，能够拉长6～7倍，但随张力的消失能迅速恢复到初始状态</p><p>氨纶纤维一般不单独使用，而是少量地掺入织物中，如与其它纤维合股或制成包芯纱，用于织制弹力织物。</p><p><img src="../resources/images/800px-Spandex_fiber.jpg" title="氨纶纤维" height="300"><br><img src="../resources/images/Wrestlers_in_spandex.jpg" title=" 摔跤手穿着氨纶" height="300"><br><img src="../resources/images/Denim_shirt_and_leggings.jpg" title="女人穿着氨纶打底裤" height="300"></p><h3 id="丙纶-PP"><a href="#丙纶-PP" class="headerlink" title="丙纶 PP"></a>丙纶 PP</h3><p>学名聚丙烯纤维，近火焰即熔缩，易燃，离火燃烧缓慢并冒黑烟，火焰上端黄色，下端蓝色，散发出石油味，烧后灰烬为硬圆浅黄褐色颗粒，手捻易碎。</p><p>民用用途：可以纯纺或与羊毛、棉或粘纤等混纺混织来制作各种衣料。可以用于织各种针织品如织袜、手套、针织衫、针织裤，洗碗布，蚊帐布，被絮，保暖填料、尿布湿等。</p><p>工业用途：地毯、渔网，帆布，水龙带，混凝土增强材料，工业用织物、非织造织物等。如地毯、工业滤布、绳索、渔网、建筑增强材料、吸油毯以及装饰布等。</p>]]></content>
    
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        &lt;h2 id=&quot;Textile&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;#Textile&quot; class=&quot;headerlink&quot; title=&quot;Textile&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;Textile&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;A &lt;em&gt;fabric&lt;/em&gt; is a textile material, short for
      
    
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  <entry>
    <title>Plastic</title>
    <link href="http://blog.inesoi.com/bag-plastic.html"/>
    <id>http://blog.inesoi.com/bag-plastic.html</id>
    <published>2015-10-01T16:00:00.000Z</published>
    <updated>2018-08-19T10:09:33.806Z</updated>
    
    <content type="html"><![CDATA[<h2 id="塑料"><a href="#塑料" class="headerlink" title="塑料"></a>塑料</h2><h2 id="ABS-树脂"><a href="#ABS-树脂" class="headerlink" title="ABS 树脂"></a>ABS 树脂</h2><p>See <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acrylonitrile_butadiene_styrene" target="_blank" rel="external">Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</a> &amp; <a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/ABS%E6%A0%91%E8%84%82" target="_blank" rel="external">ABS树脂 - 维基百科，自由的百科全书</a></p><p>ABS树脂（丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物，ABS 是 Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene的首字母缩写）是一种强度高、韧性好、易于加工成型的热塑型高分子材料。</p><p>ABS树脂是乳白色固体，有一定的韧性，密度约为 1.04~1.06 g／cm3。它抗酸、碱、盐的腐蚀能力比较强，也可在一定程度上耐受有机溶剂溶解。</p><p>ABS树脂可以在-25℃~60℃的环境下表现正常，而且有很好的成型性，加工出的产品表面光洁，易于染色和电镀。因此它可以被用于家电外壳、玩具等日常用品。常见的乐高积木就是ABS制品。</p><p><img src="../resources/images/ABC-Lego-Color-Bricks.jpg" height="300"></p><h2 id="聚氯乙烯-PVC"><a href="#聚氯乙烯-PVC" class="headerlink" title="聚氯乙烯 PVC"></a>聚氯乙烯 PVC</h2><p>氯乙烯（英文为PolyVinyl Chloride，缩写：PVC）是氯乙烯经加成聚合反应得到的的高分子材料。</p><p><strong>阻燃：</strong></p><p>聚氯乙烯的最大特点是阻燃，因此被广泛用于防火应用。但是聚氯乙烯在高温下的燃烧过程中会释放出氯化氢、氯气和其他有毒气体[2]。</p><p>聚氯乙烯的燃烧分为两步。先在240℃-340℃燃烧分解出氯化氢气体和含有双键的二烯烃，然后在400-470℃发生碳的燃烧。</p><p><strong>物理和化学性质：</strong></p><p>稳定；不易被酸、碱腐蚀；比较耐热。</p><p>PVC是七大塑料中唯一必须使用增塑剂的材料，这使得它的状态可以从软而弹到硬而脆之间变化。而增塑剂就是媒体报道中的“塑化剂”。PVC既然可以呈现软而有弹性的一面，也就可以模拟橡胶或皮革的一些用途，比如小汽车内饰大量使用的人造革、一次性检查手套、地板、桌布、塑胶鞋，因为PVC价格比天然胶和聚氨酯人造革低得多。不过PVC工业通常要用到乙炔。</p><p><strong>安全与危害：</strong></p><ul><li>PVC一定要有添加剂或增塑剂才可用，这些大多有害，可能渗出或气化。</li><li>部分添加剂会干扰生物内分泌（影响生殖机能），部分可增加致癌风险。</li><li>焚化PVC垃圾，会产生致癌的二噁英（Dioxin）而污染空气。</li></ul><p>PVC 常使用邻苯二甲酸二辛酯（DEHP）为增塑剂，因DEHP易气雾化，其他乙烯基产品包括汽车内部、淋浴胶帘或铺地板物料等，也会释放化学气体入空气，且DEHP也易溶入油性液体中。另外，人们也开始关注到，儿童若咀嚼这些软塑玩具，会有添加剂渗出的安全问题。</p><h2 id="PP-聚丙烯-Polypropylene"><a href="#PP-聚丙烯-Polypropylene" class="headerlink" title="PP 聚丙烯 Polypropylene"></a>PP 聚丙烯 Polypropylene</h2><p>See </p><ul><li><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%81%9A%E4%B8%99%E7%83%AF" target="_blank" rel="external">聚丙烯 - 维基百科，自由的百科全书</a> </li><li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polypropylene" target="_blank" rel="external">Polypropylene - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</a> </li><li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyethylene_terephthalate" target="_blank" rel="external">Polyethylene terephthalate - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</a></li></ul><p>聚丙烯（Polypropylene，简称PP）是一种半结晶的热塑性塑料。具有较高的耐冲击性，机械性质强韧，抗多种有机溶剂和酸碱腐蚀。</p><p>聚丙烯的结构和聚乙烯接近，因此很多性能也和聚乙烯类似。但是由于其存在一个甲基构成的侧枝，聚丙烯更易在紫外光和热能作用下氧化降解。</p><p>耐热且化学稳定性比较高。本质上和高密度聚乙烯接近，结晶度比高密度聚乙烯略低，所以一般呈现半透明的状态，而硬度与高密度聚乙烯差不太多。</p><p>PP是安全的食品容器用塑料，但若老化就不安全，例如台湾就有热水器内PP塑料老化的先例。</p><p>PP (Polypropylene)聚丙烯：</p><ul><li>PP 熔点高达167℃，耐热，制品可用蒸气消毒是其特点。<br>以ＰＰ制瓶的，最常见的是豆浆、米浆瓶，还有用来装100％纯果汁、优酪乳、果汁饮料、乳制品 (如布丁)等，</li><li>较大的盛器，像水桶、垃圾桶、洗衣槽、箩筐、篮子等等多是以ＰＰ做成。</li><li>近年来亦大量使用于制成免洗餐具或免洗杯(供速食餐饮业者装填冰品使用，如市面盛行之“快可利”连锁店所用之盛装容器)</li><li>该材质容器系属不透明或半透明容器，具备有耐酸碱、耐化学物质、耐碰撞及耐高温(约20℃~120℃)等优点。</li></ul><p>市场上绝大多数微波炉专用塑料容器都是PP塑料，这是因为它的耐热且化学稳定性比较高。在食品方面的应用超过其他任何塑料，除了容器，还有软包装中的BOPP膜，香烟盒的最外层薄膜便是这种塑料。此外，目前的新建小区通常使用的家用水管推荐或强制使用PPR管，同样也是聚丙烯材料，除了安全性考虑以外，还因为它具有热熔的特点，易于加工。聚丙烯工业同样也是衡量一个国家产业水平的标准。</p><p><img src="../resources/images/pp-australia-20.jpg" height="300" title="澳大利亚二十元纸币。因为是用塑料制，所以透光度很高，而且有部分地方完全透明。"><br><img src="../resources/images/pp_lid.jpg" height="300" title="一个用聚丙烯为原料的即弃食物容器盖子"></p><h2 id="PE-聚乙烯-Polyethylene"><a href="#PE-聚乙烯-Polyethylene" class="headerlink" title="PE 聚乙烯 Polyethylene"></a>PE 聚乙烯 Polyethylene</h2><p>See <a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%81%9A%E4%B9%99%E7%83%AF" target="_blank" rel="external">聚乙烯 - 维基百科，自由的百科全书</a> &amp; <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyethylene" target="_blank" rel="external">Polyethylene - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</a></p><p>聚乙烯（Polyethylene，缩写：PE）是日常生活中最常用的高分子材料之一，大量用于制造塑料袋，塑料薄膜，牛奶桶的产品，也是白色污染的主要原因。</p><p>化学性质：聚乙烯抗多种有机溶剂，抗多种酸碱腐蚀，但是不抗氧化性酸，例如硝酸。在氧化性环境中聚乙烯会被氧化。</p><p>物理性质：聚乙烯在薄膜状态下可以被认为是透明的，但是在块状存在的时候由于其内部存在大量的晶体，会发生强烈的光散射而不透明。</p><p>聚乙烯有：</p><ul><li>高密度聚乙烯（HDPE, High Density Polyethylene）又称低压聚乙烯，因为在低压下生产，含有较多长链，因此密度高。主要用于制造各种注塑、吹塑和挤出成型制品。高密度聚乙烯属环保材质，加热达到熔点，即可回收再利用。</li></ul><pre><code>须知塑料原料可大分为两大类：“热塑性塑料”（Thermoplastic）及“热固性塑料”（Thermosetting），“热固性塑料”是加热到一定温度后变成固化状态，即使继续加热也无法改变其状态，因此，有环保问题的产品是“热固性塑料”的产品（如轮胎），并非是“热塑性塑料”的产品（如：塑料夹板），所以并非所有“塑料”皆不环保。高密度聚乙烯的高度结晶，因此外观上也就呈现出不透明的状态（高分子材料不同于钻石，结晶度高往往会降低透明度），并且硬度也更高，甚至有点脆生生的感觉。正是因为高强度不怕摔而且不透光，奶制品常常偏好此种塑料。这种塑料耐水耐油性都非常出色，因此适应性很广。一般摄氏100度以上才会容易变形。这种塑料还特别耐酸耐碱耐腐蚀，所以工业中也是应用极为普遍。</code></pre><ul><li>中密度聚乙烯（MDPE, Medium Density Polyethylene）</li><li><p>低密度聚乙烯（LDPE, Low Density Polyethylene) 用高压法（147.17—196.2MPa）生产，支链较多，强度低，多用来生产薄膜制品。</p><p>  非常软而且有些黏，同时由于结晶度很低，LDPE的透明度比较高，所以我们日常生活中主要在保鲜膜、塑料袋等方面。耐油性耐水性比较低。</p><p>  塑料分类标志中，低密度聚乙烯（LDPE）代码是4。</p></li><li><p>线性低密度聚乙烯（LLDPE, Linear Low Density Polyethylene）等多种产品。</p></li></ul><p><img src="../resources/images/pe-rings.jpg" height="300" title="PE 胶制品"><br><img src="../resources/images/PE-Intermediate-Bulk-Container.jpg" height="300" title="聚乙烯水箱"><br><img src="../resources/images/pe-traffic-control.jpg" height="300" title="PE制品水马 (路障)"><br><img src="../resources/images/pe-steel-and-ultra-high-molecular-weight-polythene-hip-replacement.jpg" height="300" title="不锈钢和超高分子量聚乙烯髋关节置换"></p><h2 id="Resin-树脂"><a href="#Resin-树脂" class="headerlink" title="Resin 树脂"></a>Resin 树脂</h2><p>See <a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A0%91%E8%84%82" target="_blank" rel="external">树脂 - 维基百科，自由的百科全书</a> &amp; <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resin" target="_blank" rel="external">Resin - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</a></p><p>树脂是一种来自多种植物，特别是松柏类植物的烃（碳氢化合物）类的分泌物。因为它特殊的化学结构，以及可以作为乳胶漆和胶合剂等材料作使用，因此树脂具有较高的商业价值。它是多种高分子化合物的混合物，所以有不同的熔点。树脂可分为天然树脂和合成树脂两种。大自然中原只有天然树脂这一种，但随着化工的发展，有很多由人工合成的聚合物产生，当中有些聚合物的化学性质及物理性质会和天然树脂很相似，因此，聚合物会被称为合成树脂。</p><p><img src="../resources/images/Resine.jpg" title="松树的树脂" height="300"><br><img src="../resources/images/Frankincense.jpg" title="干燥的乳香树脂块" height="300"></p>]]></content>
    
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        &lt;h2 id=&quot;塑料&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;#塑料&quot; class=&quot;headerlink&quot; title=&quot;塑料&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;塑料&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;h2 id=&quot;ABS-树脂&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;#ABS-树脂&quot; class=&quot;headerlink&quot; title=&quot;ABS 树脂&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;A
      
    
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      <category term="Bag" scheme="http://blog.inesoi.com/categories/Bag/"/>
    
    
  </entry>
  
  <entry>
    <title>背包</title>
    <link href="http://blog.inesoi.com/bag-backpack.html"/>
    <id>http://blog.inesoi.com/bag-backpack.html</id>
    <published>2015-09-29T16:00:00.000Z</published>
    <updated>2018-08-19T10:09:33.805Z</updated>
    
    <content type="html"><![CDATA[<h2 id="分类"><a href="#分类" class="headerlink" title="分类"></a>分类</h2><p>在 Amazon 上 Backpack 分为：</p><ul><li>Casual Daypacks</li><li>Kids’ Backpacks</li><li>Hiking Daypacks</li></ul><p>ebags 上的分类：</p><p>按用途：</p><ul><li>School Backpacks</li><li>Day Hiking Backpacks</li><li>Laptop Backpacks</li><li>Travel Backpacks</li><li>Backpacking Packs</li></ul><p><strong>Gender and Age</strong></p><ul><li>Women’s</li><li>Men’s</li><li>Girls’</li><li>Boys’</li><li>Kids’</li></ul><p><strong>School Age</strong></p><ul><li>Toddler and Pre-School</li><li>Elementary School</li><li>Middle School</li><li>High School</li><li>College</li></ul><p>Daypack<br>Ultra-functional school backpack</p><p>关于 Carry On 的详细部件介绍 <a href="http://www.ebags.com/product/ebags/tls-mother-lode-weekender-convertible-junior/241465?productid=10209113" target="_blank" rel="external">eBags TLS Mother Lode Weekender Convertible Junior - eBags.com</a></p><h2 id="常用的修饰词"><a href="#常用的修饰词" class="headerlink" title="常用的修饰词__"></a>常用的修饰词__</h2><ul><li>durable</li><li>cute</li><li>boutique</li></ul><p>elegant and fashionable. </p><p>Vintage, comfortable/Comfy,<br>Light weight<br>beautiful and practical 实用</p><p>Adorable 可爱的</p><p>Thickened Canvas Laptop Bag/ Shoulder Daypack / School Backpack/ Causal Style Handbag</p><h2 id="材料-Material"><a href="#材料-Material" class="headerlink" title="材料 Material"></a>材料 Material</h2><ul><li>Fabric</li><li>Polyester</li><li>Nylon</li></ul><h2 id="特点-Feature-amp-Design"><a href="#特点-Feature-amp-Design" class="headerlink" title="特点 Feature &amp; Design"></a>特点 Feature &amp; Design</h2><p>This versatile backpack is made for convenience and functionality.</p><ul><li>waterproof/protect/water resistant. this bag is not waterproof but will keep your stuff dry in the rain.</li><li>Light weight/lightweight</li><li>Is there a way to attach to handle of carry-on bag</li><li>the size of laptop can be put into</li><li>Large multi-compartment backpack</li><li>Scientific and reasonable pocket and lining design will make your goods lay in the bag systematically</li></ul><p>classical and refining design</p><h2 id="Design"><a href="#Design" class="headerlink" title="Design"></a>Design</h2><ul><li>designed to protect and hold your laptop while on the move.</li><li>The backpack features multiple storage compartments and features for additional supplies and accessories.</li><li>They design their products to be durable, functional, and versatile. </li></ul><p>flap top design 盖头设计</p><p>Single main compartment and front pocket with organizer for smaller items:</p><p><img src="../resources/images/backpack-single-main-compartment.jpg" height="500"></p><p>shell shape handbag purse:</p><p><img src="../resources/images/shell shape handbag purse.jpg" height="500"></p><p>Versatile. Personalized stylish looking, ideal for service as bookbag, rucksack schoolbag, casual daypack for daily use at school, work, weekend getaway, occasional travel, gyms, hiking etc.</p><p>Nice size admirably suits college students, teen girls boys and adults under 6.2ft in height</p><p>The durable, ballistic weave fabric makes the backpack long-lasting.</p><p>outdoor backpack, daypack, hiking back pack, school backpack, camping back pack</p><p>travel, hiking, school bag, shopping, placing laptop, ipad etc</p><p>Shoulder handbag purse-backpack</p><p>School, Excursion, Going out, window shopping etc.</p><p>Suitable for hiking camping climbing traveling cycling all outdoor activities</p><p>Convenient for hiking,traveling,camping,running,cycling,mountaineering. </p><p>可能存在的问题:</p><ul><li>The nylon that separates compartments is very thin, and feels like it could easily tear or be punctured.</li></ul><h2 id="结构-Constructure"><a href="#结构-Constructure" class="headerlink" title="结构 Constructure"></a>结构 Constructure</h2><ul><li>1 padded laptop compartment</li><li>1 thin compartment that can be used for papers and folders</li><li>1 main compartment that contains vertical dividers to keep things organized, a smaller interior mesh pocket, and an ipod/cell phone pouch that leads to a slit in the top of the backpack for a headphone cord</li><li>1 decent sized pocket on each side (I use 1 for my laptop charger and accessories)</li><li>2 stretchy water bottle pockets big enough for the big 1 liter bottles (good for umbrella too)</li><li>1 small pocket on the top front</li><li>1 pocket on the bottom front that contains a bunch of small organizer pockets found in every backpack that nobody ever uses</li></ul><p><img src="../resources/images/backpack-constructure.jpg" height="400"></p><h3 id="Multi-compartment-design"><a href="#Multi-compartment-design" class="headerlink" title="Multi-compartment design"></a>Multi-compartment design</h3><p>Large main compartments and multiple pockets allow you to keep all of your gear secure and organized.</p><p><img src="../resources/images/backpack-multiple-compartment.jpg" height="400"></p><p><img src="../resources/images/backpack-inner-constructure.jpg" height="400"></p><h3 id="Shoulder-Straps"><a href="#Shoulder-Straps" class="headerlink" title="Shoulder Straps"></a>Shoulder Straps</h3><p>contoured shoulder straps for enhanced comfort.</p><p>cushioned shock absorption.</p><p>Ergonomic S-curve shoulder straps</p><p>Shoulder harness</p><p>nylon webbing straps</p><p>Ergonomic adjustable, padded shoulder straps keep the pressure off</p><p>Adjustable padded laptop straps inside to fit different size laptops.</p><p>S-shaped, VAPEL mesh AIRFLOW padded shoulder straps with Suspension System with removable media pocket</p><p>Padded S-shaped shoulder straps with Suspension System. 这个悬挂系统指的就是 Sunglass 挂钩。: The Suspension System provides relief when carrying heavier loads. It does so by dampening the shock of weight transfer while transporting your gear.</p><p>The specially contoured shoulder straps are ergonomically designed with added padding for comfort and control. </p><p>Straight-cut, padded shoulder straps 直切软垫肩带</p><p>Carry Comfortably: These are no simple backpack straps. Constructed with highly durable materials which are designed to balance out the weight of your bag, this backpackgives you the freedom to pack up and head out without the inconvenience of backpack fatigue. Heavily-padded and shock-absorbing shoulder straps give you the freedom to move comfortably so you can move forward with your day.</p><p>Rucksacks with Adjustable strap to make sure everything stays securely in place and holds almost anything you would need in several.</p><p>Padded Shoulder Straps 软垫肩带</p><p><img src="../resources/images/backpack-shoulder-strap.jpg" height="400"></p><p>Breathable mesh shoulder straps:</p><p><img src="../resources/images/backpack-shoulder-strap.jpg" height="400"></p><h3 id="Front-Pocket"><a href="#Front-Pocket" class="headerlink" title="Front Pocket"></a>Front Pocket</h3><p>Front wide zippered pocket for convenient stashing storage. </p><p>Front zip pocket keeps favorite things in easy reach</p><p>Secondary compartment has internal organization with a secure zippered pocket, </p><p><img src="../resources/images/backpack-front-pocket.jpg" height="400"></p><h3 id="Side-Mesh-Pockets"><a href="#Side-Mesh-Pockets" class="headerlink" title="Side Mesh Pockets"></a>Side Mesh Pockets</h3><ul><li>side mesh pockets for keys.</li><li>Mesh beverage pocket</li></ul><p><img src="../resources/images/backpack-side-mesh-pocket.jpg" height="400"></p><h3 id="Large-Side-Zip-Pockets"><a href="#Large-Side-Zip-Pockets" class="headerlink" title="Large Side Zip Pockets"></a>Large Side Zip Pockets</h3><p>Large side zip pockets for water bottles or laptop chargers etc.</p><p><img src="../resources/images/large-side-zip-pockets.jpg" height="400"></p><h3 id="Water-bottle-pocket"><a href="#Water-bottle-pocket" class="headerlink" title="Water bottle pocket"></a>Water bottle pocket</h3><p>The external dual pockets are made of elasticized mesh, which expands to secure various size water bottles.</p><p>Multi-compartment design with side mesh water bottle pockets.</p><p>Stretch-woven pockets accommodate a wide range of water bottle shapes and sizes</p><p><img src="../resources/images/backpack-water-bottle-pocket.jpg" height="400"></p><h3 id="Audio-Interface"><a href="#Audio-Interface" class="headerlink" title="Audio Interface"></a>Audio Interface</h3><p>Audio and Media Pocket, Equipment Safe</p><p>Mobile phone pocket to keep you organized</p><p>Easy-access deluxe media pocket holds various sizes of cell phones, PDA’s, and MP3 players.</p><p><img src="../resources/images/backpack-audio-interface.jpg" height="400"></p><h3 id="Tablet-Pocket"><a href="#Tablet-Pocket" class="headerlink" title="Tablet Pocket"></a>Tablet Pocket</h3><p>Floating TabletSafe tablet pocket for superior electronics protection.</p><p>Dedicated, padded pocket that holds most 17” laptops is raised off the ground to protect electronics from impact</p><p>Versatile padded sleeve designed for a 3L hydration system or a 15” laptop</p><p>Padded, fleece-lined tablet sleeve located in the front compartment for quick access</p><p><img src="../resources/images/backpack-tablet-pocket.jpg" height="400"></p><h3 id="Laptop-Compartment-Storage"><a href="#Laptop-Compartment-Storage" class="headerlink" title="Laptop Compartment/Storage"></a>Laptop Compartment/Storage</h3><p>an easy access laptop compartment. padded laptop compartment.</p><p>Padded computer sleeve.</p><p>Dedicated, lie-flat, fleece-lined laptop compartment allows for protected, checkpoint-friendly travel</p><p>Fully-padded CUSHION ZONE computer sleeve fits most 17” laptops</p><p>A fully padded CushionZone laptop compartment accommodates most 17-inch models. A dedicated TechSpot sleeve provides an ideal space for your tablet.</p><p>Highly protective laptop-only compartment with adjustable divider designed to fit most portable computers up to 17” in size. Fits most 17-inch laptops. Holds up to 17” notebook computer</p><p>The compartment even has an adjustable padded strap to fit different laptop sizes and quick side entry access.</p><p>有的客户认为：The opening for the laptop is on the side (not the top) which makes it a little awkward to get in and out. Not a big deal though.</p><p>I would have liked a little more padding underneath the laptop. The amount of padding is pretty similar to most other laptop cases though. You just need to be careful about setting it down to hard.</p><p>Open Viewing Comparent: Unique quick recognition window design accommodates most 17” laptops</p><p>可能存在的问题：</p><ul><li>Laptop compartment is too lightly padded. 笔记本区域的填充物不够。</li><li>The back of the laptop backpack is padded, but the cardboard behind it bends and is right next to the laptop compartment inside. ??</li></ul><p><img src="../resources/images/backpack-divider-design.jpg" width="400"></p><p>Laptop and tablet storage：A fully padded CushionZone laptop compartment accommodates most 17-inch models. A dedicated TechSpot sleeve provides an ideal space for your tablet.</p><p><img src="../resources/images/backpack-laptop-tablet-compartment.jpg" width="400"></p><h3 id="Main-Pocket"><a href="#Main-Pocket" class="headerlink" title="Main Pocket"></a>Main Pocket</h3><p>The main pocket provides protected packing for multiple binders, gaming peripherals, and other accessories.</p><p>With lots of pockets within the main compartment, which can carry all of your necessities around you.Large capacity design, most of your living necessities can be loaded freely</p><p>Dual-zip main compartment for secure, spacious storage.</p><p>Spacious large main compartment holds your daily essentials easily. </p><p>Large packing capacity to fit binders and anything else you need.</p><p><img src="../resources/images/backpack-main-component.jpg" width="400"></p><p>Built-in padded laptop sleeve perfect for most 15.6” laptops, extra integrated storage pocket for 10” iPad tablet</p><p><img src="../resources/images/backpack-laptop.jpg" width="400"></p><p>there are seven organizational pockets within the main compartment designed for all of your urban gadgets: wallet, pens, camera, portable chargers, mouse, iPod, samll toys, handy beauty tools etc. </p><h3 id="Organizer-Pocket-Bottom-Front-Pocket"><a href="#Organizer-Pocket-Bottom-Front-Pocket" class="headerlink" title="Organizer Pocket/Bottom Front Pocket"></a>Organizer Pocket/Bottom Front Pocket</h3><p><strong>Multi-pocket organzier with key fob: </strong> Multiple pockets including a zippered mesh pocket, pen pockets, lidded media pocket and key fob hook are perfect for keeping all of your smaller items secure.</p><p>The interior pocket organizer provides divider pockets for pens, pencils, cellphone, and anything else you need.</p><p>1 pocket on the bottom front that contains a bunch of small organizer pockets found in every backpack that nobody ever uses.</p><p>Front organization panel keeps small items in place and makes finding them a breeze</p><p>Zippered laminated mesh pocket inside is perfect for travel documents 主袋内的网袋</p><p>External fleece-lined pocket for sunglasses or electronics</p><p>Front compartment has internal organization with a fleece-lined media pocket, secure zippered pocket and elastic webbing for cord management</p><p>Front compartment has internal organization with a fleece-lined media pocket, secure zippered pocket and elastic webbing for cord management 也可以配一个羊毛里布用于放置眼镜和手机等。</p><p>常用的做法：</p><p><img src="../resources/images/backpack-organizer.jpg" height="400"><img src="../resources/images/backpack-organizer-2.jpg" height="400"><img src="../resources/images/backpack-organizer-3.jpg" height="400"><img src="../resources/images/backpack-organizer-4.jpg" height="400"></p><h3 id="Lay-flat-Design"><a href="#Lay-flat-Design" class="headerlink" title="Lay-flat Design"></a>Lay-flat Design</h3><p>Unobstructed(通常的), lay-flat design（凭证设计）, helps speed through airport security(TSA X-ray machines)</p><p>With this backpack, getting through airport security is quicker and easier.  The laptop compartment opens quickly at the security checkpoint and the laptop window makes your computer visible while scanning. So, your computer stays inside your bag while it’s scanned.</p><p>The laptop computer compartment is airport friendly allowing you to keep your computer safe when passing through security. At checkpoint, unfolds to flat position, keeping above and below the laptop sections clear.</p><p>The unique quick-recognition window design makes going through security less of a hassle.</p><p><img src="../resources/images/backpack-flat-design.jpg" height="400"></p><h3 id="Airflow-Back-System"><a href="#Airflow-Back-System" class="headerlink" title="Airflow Back System"></a>Airflow Back System</h3><p>Airflow Back System: Multi-panel airflow design provides extra padding for comfort and maximum back support</p><p>AIRFLOW back panel</p><p><img src="../resources/images/backpack-airflow-backing-system.jpg" height="400"></p><h3 id="Sunglass-Holder"><a href="#Sunglass-Holder" class="headerlink" title="Sunglass Holder"></a>Sunglass Holder</h3><p>There is an elastic tab on the shoulder strap that keeps sunglasses secure and conveniently accessible.</p><p>The Suspension System provides relief when carrying heavier loads. It does so by dampening the shock of weight transfer while transporting your gear.</p><p><img src="../resources/images/backpack-eyeglass-holder.jpg" height="400"></p><p>外袋的垂直拉链口常用于放置太阳镜。</p><h3 id="Adjustable-side-compression-straps"><a href="#Adjustable-side-compression-straps" class="headerlink" title="Adjustable side compression straps"></a>Adjustable side compression straps</h3><p>可调侧腰缩带。</p><h3 id="Removable-Key-Fob"><a href="#Removable-Key-Fob" class="headerlink" title="Removable Key Fob"></a>Removable Key Fob</h3><p>Organizer with key fob</p><p>a removable key fob to help you keep track of your keychain.</p><p><img src="../resources/images/backpack-removable-key-fob.jpg" height="400"></p><h3 id="Padded-back-panel"><a href="#Padded-back-panel" class="headerlink" title="Padded back panel"></a>Padded back panel</h3><p>Padded backrest </p><p>air exchange of bearing system</p><p>Increase air cushion gasket back and waist,breathable mesh and inner filling soft interlayer sponge,buffer shock absorption,reduce the pressure of body contact area,further enhance with comfort</p><p>thickening sponge</p><p>Padded back panel ensure cushioning comfort.</p><p>Padded back panel: Padding in the back panel provides comfort when carrying your gear.</p><p>the thickening sponge protection a good protection; it can effectively reduce the burden</p><p>Reduce the burden system design</p><p><img src="../resources/images/backpack-backrest.jpg" height="400"></p><p>Cool Durability: Breathable mesh panels on the backside of the pack provide a comfortable carrying experience for the long-haul, alleviating the discomfort of strenuous and perspiring jaunts! Plus, a secret zipper compartment on the backside of the backpack is the perfect hiding spot for a wallet, keys or an ID.</p><p><img src="../resources/images/backpack-mesh-penel.jpg" height="400"></p><p>The FlexVent™ suspension system boasts custom injection-molded shoulder straps, a padded mesh back panel with a spine channel and a wicking lumbar panel for maximum support and ventilation</p><p>TODO</p><p><img src="../resources/images/backpack-mesh-penel.jpg" height="400"></p><h3 id="Padded-bottom-panel"><a href="#Padded-bottom-panel" class="headerlink" title="Padded bottom panel"></a>Padded bottom panel</h3><p>可能存在的问题：</p><ul><li>A reinforced bottom with another layer of canvas or leather, would be good for durability. 底部不耐用，容易磨损。</li></ul><h3 id="Monster-hook"><a href="#Monster-hook" class="headerlink" title="Monster hook"></a>Monster hook</h3><h3 id="Media-pocket-integrated-on-shoulder-strap"><a href="#Media-pocket-integrated-on-shoulder-strap" class="headerlink" title="Media pocket integrated on shoulder strap"></a>Media pocket integrated on shoulder strap</h3><p>Integrated media pocket: A clever mesh pocket located on the shoulder strap is ideal for quick access items like a cell phone or MP3 player.</p><p>Deluxe media pocket, with headphone port</p><p><img src="../resources/images/backpack-integrated-media-pocket.jpg" height="400"></p><p>Also features a port for headphone wires on the top of right</p><p><img src="../resources/images/backpack-headphone-wires.jpg" height="400"></p><h3 id="Adjustable-sternum-strap"><a href="#Adjustable-sternum-strap" class="headerlink" title="Adjustable sternum strap"></a>Adjustable sternum strap</h3><p>Sternum strap with whistle buckle</p><p>可调节的胸带</p><h3 id="Daisy-chain-loops-for-attaching-extra-gear"><a href="#Daisy-chain-loops-for-attaching-extra-gear" class="headerlink" title="Daisy chain loops for attaching extra gear"></a>Daisy chain loops for attaching extra gear</h3><p><img src="../resources/images/backpack-chain-loops.jpg" height="400"></p><h3 id="Wheels"><a href="#Wheels" class="headerlink" title="Wheels"></a>Wheels</h3><p>Smooth rolling, corner-mounted wheels</p><p>Inline skate style wheels are corner mounted for stability and provide a smooth ride. Molded feet provide added stability.</p><p>The telescoping handle stores neatly under the zippered cover.</p><p><img src="../resources/images/backpack-corner-mounted-wheels.jpg" height="400"></p><p>Soft and noiseless wheels for stable and controlled motion</p><h3 id="Reflective-strip-for-added-safety"><a href="#Reflective-strip-for-added-safety" class="headerlink" title="Reflective strip for added safety"></a>Reflective strip for added safety</h3><p>Reflective bike-light loop, reflective water bottle tabs and reflective shoulder strap create 360-degrees of reflectivity</p><h3 id="Handle"><a href="#Handle" class="headerlink" title="Handle"></a>Handle</h3><p>Top grab handle/Top-mounted, reinforced haul handle</p><p>The top grab handle offers quick grab-and-go mobility</p><p><img src="../resources/images/backpack-top-handle.jpg" height="400"></p><p>Hideaway telescoping handle/Telescoping</p><p><img src="../resources/images/backpack-hideaway-telescoping-handle.jpg" height="400"></p><p>Sturdy molded plastic handle supported by metal grommets and cabling</p><p><img src="../resources/images/backpack-molded-plastic-handle.jpg" height="400"></p><p>Telescoping single handle 伸缩手柄</p><h3 id="Bottom"><a href="#Bottom" class="headerlink" title="Bottom"></a>Bottom</h3><p>Rugged, anti-slip faux leather bottom stabilizes bag on the ground and protects the bag from dirt and wet. </p><p><img src="../resources/images/backpack-bottom.jpg" height="400"></p><h3 id="Back-Pocket"><a href="#Back-Pocket" class="headerlink" title="Back Pocket"></a>Back Pocket</h3><p>Bonus external zipper pocket on the back provide an easy access to the most-used items such as cellphone or keys. </p><h3 id="Side-sleeve-Pocket"><a href="#Side-sleeve-Pocket" class="headerlink" title="Side sleeve Pocket"></a>Side sleeve Pocket</h3><p>Side access exposed mixed metal zippered sleeve pocket</p><p><img src="../resources/images/Side-sleeve-Pocket.jpg" height="400"></p><h3 id="Adjustable-waist-strap"><a href="#Adjustable-waist-strap" class="headerlink" title="Adjustable waist strap"></a>Adjustable waist strap</h3><p>Adjustable shoulder strap and waist strap to fit your need. </p><p>Removable waist belt</p><p><img src="../resources/images/backpack-waist-strap.jpg" height="400"></p><h3 id="D-door"><a href="#D-door" class="headerlink" title="D-door"></a>D-door</h3><p>Front zippered D-door easily opens into a large compartment for gym clothes or shoes</p><p><img src="../resources/images/backpack-D-door.jpeg" height="400"></p><h3 id="Large-top-loading-main-compartment"><a href="#Large-top-loading-main-compartment" class="headerlink" title="Large top-loading main compartment"></a>Large top-loading main compartment</h3><p><img src="../resources/images/large-top-loading.jpeg" height="400"></p><h3 id="Crush-proof-AC-Adapter-garage"><a href="#Crush-proof-AC-Adapter-garage" class="headerlink" title="Crush-proof AC-Adapter garage"></a>Crush-proof AC-Adapter garage</h3><p>Crush-proof AC-Adapter garage that isolates heavy (or fragile) accessories from the rest of the pack. Positioned at the bottom for better load balancing. Removable for those times when you need extra storage capacity</p><p><img src="../resources/images/ac-adapter-garage.jpeg" height="400"></p><h2 id="Closure"><a href="#Closure" class="headerlink" title="Closure"></a>Closure</h2><ul><li>zipper closure</li><li>lockable zippers</li><li>Leather zipper pulls</li></ul><h3 id="Snap-closure"><a href="#Snap-closure" class="headerlink" title="Snap closure"></a>Snap closure</h3><p>Magnetic flap closure/Snap closure/Magnetic strap closures with metal pin clips. </p><p>magnetic strap closures with metal pin clip</p><p>Buckle closure</p><p>Main compartment cinch top closure</p><p><img src="../resources/images/backpack-magnetic-flap-closure.jpg" height="400"></p><h3 id="Adjustable-drawstring-closure"><a href="#Adjustable-drawstring-closure" class="headerlink" title="Adjustable drawstring closure"></a>Adjustable drawstring closure</h3><p>Thick gauge cording witheasy drawstring closure</p><p><img src="../resources/images/backpack-adjustable-drawstring-closure.jpg" height="400"></p><h3 id="snap-fastener"><a href="#snap-fastener" class="headerlink" title="snap fastener"></a>snap fastener</h3><p>Branded magnetic mixed metal snap fastener.</p><p><img src="../resources/images/snap fastener.jpg" height="400"></p><h3 id="diagonal-zipper"><a href="#diagonal-zipper" class="headerlink" title="diagonal zipper"></a>diagonal zipper</h3><p><img src="../resources/images/snap fastener.jpg" height="400"></p><p>High strength zinc alloy resin zipper</p><h3 id="magnetic-buckles"><a href="#magnetic-buckles" class="headerlink" title="magnetic buckles"></a>magnetic buckles</h3><p>磁性搭扣</p><h3 id="Full-expansion-zipper"><a href="#Full-expansion-zipper" class="headerlink" title="Full expansion zipper"></a>Full expansion zipper</h3><p>Full expansion zipper adds over 10 percent of volume for all those treasures you pick up along on your journey</p><p><img src="../resources/images/full-expansion-zipper.jpeg" height="400"></p><h3 id="hip-belt-zip-U-zipper"><a href="#hip-belt-zip-U-zipper" class="headerlink" title="hip belt zip/U-zipper"></a>hip belt zip/U-zipper</h3><p>hip belt zip away for checking luggage</p><p>Full-access U-zipper allows the Redwing to work as both a top-loader and a panel loader, adding convenience to any adventure.</p><p><img src="../resources/images/u-zipper.jpeg" height="400"></p><h3 id="Hip-belt"><a href="#Hip-belt" class="headerlink" title="Hip belt"></a>Hip belt</h3><p>Padded, tuck-away, load bearing hip belt to carry up to 70% of the load</p><p>腰带</p><h2 id="FAQ"><a href="#FAQ" class="headerlink" title="FAQ"></a>FAQ</h2><ul><li>BP1009 材料。</li><li>17 英寸电脑的长宽。</li><li>Airflow Backing System</li></ul>]]></content>
    
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        &lt;h2 id=&quot;分类&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;#分类&quot; class=&quot;headerlink&quot; title=&quot;分类&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;分类&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;在 Amazon 上 Backpack 分为：&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Casual Daypacks&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Kids’ Ba
      
    
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      <category term="Bag" scheme="http://blog.inesoi.com/categories/Bag/"/>
    
    
  </entry>
  
  <entry>
    <title>阿里巴巴排名</title>
    <link href="http://blog.inesoi.com/alibaba-ranking.html"/>
    <id>http://blog.inesoi.com/alibaba-ranking.html</id>
    <published>2015-09-28T16:00:00.000Z</published>
    <updated>2018-08-19T10:09:33.804Z</updated>
    
    <content type="html"><![CDATA[<h2 id="阿里巴巴排名"><a href="#阿里巴巴排名" class="headerlink" title="阿里巴巴排名"></a>阿里巴巴排名</h2><p>See <a href="http://waimaoquan.alibaba.com/bbs/read-htm-tid-2444393-fid-309.html" target="_blank" rel="external">2015年阿里巴巴新规则解读之总结篇(八) -外贸名人堂- 阿里巴巴外贸圈外贸论坛</a></p><ol><li>第一个篇章：信保在阿里平台引流过程中对卖家的影响，即信保数据通过平台展现，让买家在选择卖家的时候，信保数据在潜移默化的改变买家的采购行为，进而改变店铺和产品的曝光、点击和反馈等一系列数据； </li><li>第二个篇章：买家偏好直接影响自然排名产品的数据变化，进而改变自然产品的排名； </li><li>第三个篇章：重点跟大家讲解了数据积累对整个P4P排名和出价高低的决定性影响； </li><li>第四个篇章：跟大家讲解了商业因素中，流量资源对自然产品排名和P4P竞价产品的影响； </li><li>第五个篇章：跟大家分解了，影响我们店铺和产品的数据，分别来自于哪些流量渠道，以及我们应该如何去对待这些流量的询盘； </li><li>第六个篇章：重点分享了店铺和产品的数据，给P4P的星级和竞价带来了哪些影响； </li><li>第七个篇章：跟大家分享了在发布产品中，应该如何填写最佳的文本信息，以及文本信息在整个排名中的重要性； </li><li>第八个篇章：通过直观的思维导图，将前面7个篇章的内容以一定的逻辑关系展示出来，如下图所示，依次通过案例给大家做讲解；</li></ol><figure class="image-bubble">                <div class="img-lightbox">                    <div class="overlay"></div>                    <img src="../resources/images/309_1057775_792910bfd43df52.jpg" alt="" title="">                </div>                <div class="image-caption"></div>            </figure><p>产品排名取决于三个重要的因素，即由买家偏好+商业因素+产品信息质量三者共同决定，且这三者在整个排名中，我在第三个篇章里面推断的是: 买家偏好占50%的权重，商业因素占比30%，产品信息质量占比20%。</p><p>为了证明这个假设的合理性，我就随机从后台列举一个三好产品，即买家偏好(产品的数据好)+商业因素好(橱窗和P4P资源)+文本信息好(买家搜索使用的关键词与产品文本信息的匹配度)，如下剪切图（1）所示(剪切路径为: 打开数据管家→我的产品→有效果产品→按月统计→选择橱窗→反馈从高到低排序): </p><p><img src="../resources/images/309_1057775_e3dacab3cda1646.jpg" alt=""></p><ul><li>买家偏好所对应的：产品的曝光、点击、点击率、访客、反馈和反馈率都很好。 </li><li>商业因素: 这个产品所使用的流量为：即是橱窗，也是P4P推广产品。 </li><li><p>文本相关性：依次如下图:</p><p>  <img src="../resources/images/309_1057775_ef559163543d290.jpg" alt=""></p></li><li><p>产品的名称为: 42 Inch Touchscreen All In One TV PC computer, 搜索引擎抓取的时候会优先匹配标题，很多关键词都隐藏在标题当中。 </p><p>  在文本信息出现与标题匹配的信息为红色框所示:</p><p>  <img src="../resources/images/309_1057775_51fc48eb97fdb93.jpg" alt=""></p><p>  在详细描述中与标题匹配：</p><p>  <img src="../resources/images/309_1057775_ef8dd657e5d1fa1.jpg" alt=""></p><p>  <img src="../resources/images/309_1057775_86b93ed259bc411.jpg" alt=""></p></li></ul><p>产品设置的三个关键词依次为(Keywords=k): </p><ul><li>K1：All InOne TV PC Computer </li><li>K2：TVPC Computer </li><li>K3:  42 Inch PC Computer </li></ul><p>依次在alibaba.com首页去查找关键词的排名，排名显示为: </p><ul><li>K1排名为首页自然排名第5名 </li><li>K2排名为首页自然排名第5名 </li><li>K3排名为首页自然排名第21名 </li></ul><p>这还不足以说明这个产品的排名很好，产品设置的关键词，都是我们根据自己的想法设置，实际上，我们不可能知道买家是通过什么样的关键词找到我们产品的，但不管怎样，客户能找到这个产品，肯定是与标题中的词语离不开，所以我们现在以PC Computer为核心词语，用标题中的其他词语与核心词语搭配去搜索，看能否有对应的排名，随机选择的关键词如下，并查找排名为: </p><ul><li>K4：PCComputer     首页自然排名第28名 </li><li>K5：AllIn One PC Computer   首页自然排名第10名 </li><li>K6：TouchscreenTV PC Computer 首页自然排名第10名 </li><li>K7：42Inch Touchscreen PC Computer  首页自然排名第2名 </li><li>K8：42 Inch TV PC Computer 首页自然排名第10名 </li></ul><p>通过以上K4到K8的关键词验证得知，一个阿里搜索引擎所偏好的“三好”产品，即使只发布一个产品，这个产品也会覆盖很多关键词，即使没有在K1/K2/K3中设置，依然会被搜索引擎优先抓取而展示在买家面前。 </p><p>通过新规则的推导，也可以解决很多大家提出的疑问，比如: </p><ol><li><p>为什么排名是实时变化的？ </p><p> 买家偏好，是由数据积累和买家行为共同决定，数据积累是实时动态变化的一个过程，当对应产品的数据高于前面或者后面产品的时候，买家偏好所占的比重就会跟着变化，自然排名就在实时变化…. </p></li><li><p>为什么发布普通产品排名效果不好？ </p><p> 发布普通产品的时候，尤其是很多有热度的词语，最多只能做到产品信息质量拿到20%的权重，买家偏好和商业因素的权重都很低，导致整个产品的权重分上不去，排名自然就上不去….. </p></li><li><p>为什么产品信息优化的很好，但就是没有排名？ </p><p> 产品信息好，只表示信息质量拿到了20%的权重值，但缺少买家偏好和商业因素分值。 </p></li><li><p>为什么新规则变化之后，后台数据急剧下降？ </p><p> 新规则变化之前，很多产品是靠信息的优化排名上去的，这些有排名的产品，没有实实在在带来数据积累，只有30%的商业因素权重和20%的信息质量权重值，产品的总权重值上不去，排名就会下降…….<br>总结：新规则变化之后，买家偏好的比重加大，这也是互联网的一个最大特征，以买家为导向，将贯穿整个平台的始终，正是这一点的变化，我们运营店铺的思维一定要改变，之前我们可以通过SEO的方式排名靠前，来获得较好的店铺数据和产品数据，当以买家为导向之后，SEO的作用已经被弱化，那如何快速提高店铺的效果呢？无疑是P4P投放，因为P4P可以迅速让产品的排名靠前，即店铺和产品获的流量数据(爆点反…)最快，即通过一定量的P4P投入，来给店铺和产品引流，让流量变成数据(曝光、点击、点击率、反馈、访客…等买家行为)，并最终转化成询盘。所以，2015年是一个节点，接下来将是一个流量为王的时代，流量的变现能力将是衡量一家店铺竞争力的重要指标！ </p></li></ol><h2 id="信保"><a href="#信保" class="headerlink" title="信保"></a>信保</h2><p>2014 年听过我分享的朋友，都应该记得我有讲到：<strong>排名取决于产品和店铺的权重值，权重值又由很多权重因子构成</strong>，从排名算法上，这条核心没什么变化，变化最大的是阿里巴巴B2B平台未来的战略方向发生了革命性的改变。大家也应该还记得，每次跟大家分享，我都会从平台的本质出发剖析B2B平台的本质: 在我们原本的原本的意识里，B2B还是一个在买家和卖家之间，以信息交易为主的平台，但是从2015年开始，这个以信息交易为主的平台开始过渡到以成交额为主的平台了，这就是我们每天都必须谈论的—信保 (Trade Assurance)。</p><p>阿里从2014年开始就在着手做一件非常有颠覆性的工作: 阿里要给所有的买家和卖家分级，所有经过阿里认证的买家，在发询盘的时候都会有一个蓝标的标志，而且阿里已将世界500强的企业和所有阿里系统活跃的买手全部锁定在认证系统里面，只要他们有采购需求，系统就会主动给卖家提示，这个就是买家的分级，那卖家分级呢？卖家分级就是通过信保的额度分级，信保额度越高，当买家搜索产品的时候，排名系统就会优先把这些信保额度高的卖家匹配给买家，在匹配这些信息的时候，信保额度的比重是相当大，所以，信保额度非常非常重要。因此，我要再次提醒大家，请没有亮灯的卖家一定尽快亮灯，—亮灯之后就会有对应的信保额度。</p><p>2014年底，阿里开始推信保，有同学会发现：有些信保额度高的账号，询盘就多，但有些信保额度低的，询盘就少了很多，甚至排名也下降了很多。</p><p>过去，中国海关记录了咱们企业出口产品的所有数字，这些数字能很好的反应当地政府的政绩，但对企业呢，也仅仅是一组数字而已，一达通要做的，就是要将所有的出口数字变成一组数据，再将这些数据变成企业的商业信用推送给买家，这个就是信保。信，就是阿里给卖家授信，让买家信任卖家；保，就是阿里让买家的利益得到保证，快速促成贸易。信保背后纯商业信用的体现，在纯商业信用的保证下，加速买家和卖家之间的快速匹配及成交，匹配机制是所有搜索系统里面的核心，当成交变成数据之后，数据又通过一定的算法转化成了商业信用，就这就是在互联网的背景下，通过商业信用来颠覆整个传统的贸易方式，这才是阿里平台的未来制高点。</p><p>整个阿里的排名规则，权重值由三个大的维度来决定，<strong>第一个维度是: 买家偏好；第二维度是:商业因素；第三个维度是: 文本信息相关性。</strong>而在买家偏好当中，数据积累和买家行为是核心，信保只是数据积累中的一个重要环节，这个权重因子会在2015年的11月份左右正式引入到搜索匹配规则当中。</p><p>当下，信保的权重因子还没未被引入，引入后的权重比例也未知，但有一点大家务必清楚: 阿里B2B现有所有的流量端口都在主推信保，在这个风口之上，信保一定会间接影响一定数量产品的搜索排序，甚至包括P4P产品的竞价高低。 </p><p>不妨模拟买家行为去思考一下: 如果我是一个真实的买家，由于阿里的各个流量端口都在主推信保，无论我从哪个端口访问阿里巴巴，关于信保的所有内容都会主动推送给我，我可能因为好奇而被动的去了解，但我一旦了解到 <strong>信保对我的交期和质量有保证，而我又不需要有任何额外的成本产生</strong>，那我肯定就有想法去通过信保去了解我所要搜索的产品和供应商，这个时候信保的额度就开始起引导作用，因为信保的额度数字太容易引起买家的注意了，此时，信保额度越高的卖家，卖家被我点击的几率就越高，只要卖家被点击，被点击的这个产品所产生的曝光、点击甚至反馈就开始对整个产品的产品排序就开始发生作用。 额度越高，我就越有安全感，所以是信保在引导买家的行为，这种行为进而改变了产品和店铺的数据，自然询盘和排名都会受到影响。 </p><p>See <a href="http://waimaoquan.alibaba.com/bbs/read-htm-tid-2113195-fid-309.html" target="_blank" rel="external">2015阿里巴巴排名规则深度解读（一） -外贸名人堂- 阿里巴巴外贸圈外贸论坛</a></p><h2 id="买家偏好"><a href="#买家偏好" class="headerlink" title="买家偏好"></a>买家偏好</h2><p>产品搜索排名的位置是实时发生变化，而且这种变化跟浏览器，跟客户所在的区域，跟买家的搜索习惯密切相关。</p><p>数据分析流程如下: </p><ol><li>打开阿里后台，直接选择“数据管家”中的“我的产品”； </li><li>在我的产品模块中选择有效果产品，并选择按周统计； </li><li><p>在按周统计的数据列表中选择“反馈”这个功能，并点击反馈右边的第二个倒三角形，此时会出现很多有反馈的产品，这些产品有些有P4P的标志，有些没有这个标志，选择一个没有P4P标志的产品，直接用这个产品的标题中对应的某个关键词 (旁边有个词来源) alibaba.com 搜索；搜索结果就是: 这个产品的排名很好。 </p><p> <img class="J_post_img" src="http://waimaoquan.alibaba.com/bbs/attachment/1503/thread/309_1057775_9e20908927c51c0.jpg"></p><p> 图中所示红色方框中的产品非P4P产品，也没有橱窗的标志，在alibaba.com中搜索 digital photo frame 这个关键词，有6个固定排名，5个P4P，自然排名排在第19位，亲爱的同学们，这只是一个普通产品哦，产品示例如下: </p><p> <img src="../resources/images/309_1057775_b48ce3d3d7dd17b.jpg" alt=""></p></li><li><p>记住这个产品，再次打开后台，并看下橱窗中是否有设置这个产品，很奇怪的时候，这个产品并没有被设置成橱窗，但排名却非常好。</p></li></ol><p>排名权重值中，买家偏好中的 <em>买家行为</em> 对整个搜索排名的影响。买家偏好有两个重要的权重因子，一个是数据积累，一个是买家行为，今天我所讲到的就是买家行为的重要性。而在买家行为中，阿里巴巴搜索系统最看重的是买家搜索的路径，即: 买家是通过哪些途径找到卖家产品，以及最终给卖家发送的询盘，在所有的买家搜索过程中，阿里巴巴的搜索引擎会选出一条最短的买家搜索路径，一旦阿里的系统认定是最短搜索路径，这个路径下对应的某个产品(不管是橱窗、P4P或是普通产品)的排名就会很快排名靠前，橱窗和普通产品的表现方式就是排名靠前，对应的P4P产品星级就会上升，并最终达到竞价下降的效果。 </p><p>在整个阿里后台里面，我们能找到搜索路径的板块并不多，后台中，“知买家”中的“访客详情”就可以找到访客的访问路径，如图所示：</p><figure class="image-bubble">                <div class="img-lightbox">                    <div class="overlay"></div>                    <img src="../resources/images/309_1057775_93f5688a9136bcf.jpg" alt="" title="">                </div>                <div class="image-caption"></div>            </figure><p>在都有反馈的前提下，浏览量越少，即表达买家越喜欢这个产品，在搜索引擎中的表达就是: 搜索路径最短，如果是普通产品，排名会越好，如果是P4P产品，所需要的竞价底价越低。 </p><p>今天我自己突然有个大胆的假设: 如果权重值由买家偏好、商业因素和文本相关性因素共同决定，那他们对应的比重值是多少呢？我的推想是:买家偏好占50%，商业因素占30%，文本相关性占20%。</p><p>See <a href="http://waimaoquan.alibaba.com/bbs/read-htm-tid-2163196-fid-309.html" target="_blank" rel="external">2015年阿里巴巴排名规则深度解读(二) -外贸名人堂- 阿里巴巴外贸圈外贸论坛</a></p><h3 id="买家行为"><a href="#买家行为" class="headerlink" title="买家行为"></a>买家行为</h3><p>对于阿里平台本身来说，它是希望买家能在平台里面找到自己所需要的信息，但这些供应商的能力是参差不齐的。如果优质的供应商能排在首页，满足买家的需求的概率就会大很多，但平台本身是无法辨别出供应商的好坏，此时，必须要借助买家行为来判断。买家行为又通过什么样的方式来体现呢？就是数据。买家的行为可以直接通过曝光、点击和反馈的次数，以及买家在产品页面或者旺铺页面停留的时间等各种数据综合反应出来。即数据越好，买家可能会越喜欢，所以阿里的系统能根据综合数据，快速选出哪些供应商是买家所需要的优质供应商，最后通过搜索排名的先后展现在买家面前。 </p><p>当一个买家开始浏览一个页面的时候，买家浏览的页面搜索使用的关键词、以及产生的曝光、点击、反馈、点击率、反馈率….所有这些数据都会被系统所记录， 这些数据就能很好的去反应买家对其所浏览的页面偏好，在某种程度上，数据越好，反映出买家对浏览页面越偏好，从而平台的系统能迅速识别出那些产品页面好，哪些店铺好。 </p><p>为了能更好的留住潜在的买家，于是阿里的系统就会通过数据搜索算法的方式，通过自然排名或者商业因素(P4P)的方式，以最低的成本将这些优质的产品或者店铺排在首页，去服务好那些潜在的买家(当然这只是相对的，因为整个平台上的供应商，信息质量都不好，相当于矮子当中挑高个子来服务好买家)，只有这样，整个平台的用户体量才能做的更大。</p><p>其逻辑关系是: 用户变成流量，流量在网络平台里面通过买家行为，以数据的方式沉淀在店铺和产品里面，这些数据就变成衡量卖家好坏的重要指标，这些指标决定着产品的排名和P4P的出价高低，进而决定我们询盘数量的多少，并最终影响店铺的投入和产出比。实际上就是一个逻辑闭环: 流量变成数据—数据变成权重值—权重值改变排名—排名又影响流量。简单地说就是：流量-数据-权重-排名。 </p><p>当明白这个逻辑关系后，就不难理解，P4P产品的竞价底价是越做越低的，这也是为什么同一个关键词在不同的主账号中，P4P的竞价底价都不一样，以及同一个关键词在指向不同产品做P4P推广时，即使都是5星产品，他们的竞价底价都不一样。 </p><h2 id="数据积累"><a href="#数据积累" class="headerlink" title="数据积累"></a>数据积累</h2><p>在做数据对比之前，先给大家讲解一下三个账号的背景，我自己的行业属于电子类，具体的产品是液晶广告显示屏，为了让业务员有更多的询盘，我陆续对这个产品投入了3个主账号。</p><ol><li><p>第一个主账号已经有七年的年限，每年的投资方案分别是: 金品诚企 (69800元/年) +P4P (投放金额为2万/月)；如图所示-6年推广的关键词的数量为3474个。(注：金品诚企的价格有年限差异，年限≥5年为69800元/年；&lt;5年为80000元/年)</p><p> <img src="../resources/images/309_1057775_dbf224a8b5de8b0.jpg" alt=""></p></li><li><p>第二个账号是3年的年限，每年的投资方案是: 基础方案(29800元/年)+P4P (投放金额为: +2万/月); 如图所示-关键词的个数为5918个，最近30天的P4P的投放金额为:21211.6元。</p><p> <img src="../resources/images/309_1057775_8bc4a094f3174c5.jpg" alt=""></p></li><li><p>第三个账号是2年的年限，每年的投资方案是: 基础方案(29800元/年)+P4P (投放金额为: +9000元/月)，如图所示，关键词的数量为208个，最近30天的投放金额是:</p><p> 选择 digital photo frame 这个词为例，在行业里面有两家供应商已经买了固定排名。</p><p> <a href="http://waimaoquan.alibaba.com/bbs/attachment/1504/thread/309_1057775_7d1b0daaa7444c2.jpg" target="_blank" rel="external"></a></p></li></ol><p>现在我要做这样一个数据对比：现将 digital photo<br>frame 这个热门的关键词分别拿到我所介绍的三个不同的P4P账号里面，来检验一下各自的竞价有何特点？</p><ol><li><p>2 年号的P4P的竞价底价:</p><p> <img src="../resources/images/309_1057775_3ab99ea8dbd8c05.jpg" alt=""></p><p> 2年号: Digital Photo Frame最近30天的数据为: </p><p> 曝光-14391；点击量-62，点击率-0.43%，平均单价为：8.04元，对应的竞价分别为:</p><ol><li>第一名: 84.6</li><li>第二名: 22.9</li><li>第三名: 22.6</li><li>第四名: 19.5</li><li>第五名: 18.7</li></ol></li><li><p>3年号的P4P的竞价底价:</p><p> <img src="../resources/images/309_1057775_96ef275eec53777.jpg" alt=""></p><p> 3年号：Digital Photo Frame最近30天的数据为: </p><p> 曝光-10084；点击量-148，点击率-1.47%，平均单价为：5.52元，对应的竞价分别为:</p><ol><li>第一名: 37.9</li><li>第二名: 10.2</li><li>第三名: 8.8</li><li>第四名: 8.4</li><li>第五名: 6.6</li></ol></li><li><p>7年号的P4P的竞价底价:</p><p> <img src="../resources/images/309_1057775_e79509542562328.jpg" alt=""></p><p> 7年号：Digital<br> Photo Frame最近30天的数据为: 曝光-9520；点击量-160，点击率-1.68%，平均单价为：3.18元，对应的竞价分别为:</p><ul><li>第一名: 4.1</li><li>第二名: 0</li><li>第三名: 0</li><li>第四名: 0</li><li>第五名: 0</li></ul></li></ol><p>同一个关键词，7年号的第一名只要4.1元，没有任何竞争对手可以与之匹配，但2年的第一名却要84.6元，足足相差21倍，即使是第5名，也相差4.5倍的出价。这三个账号完全可以看成是同一个行业的三个不同的供应商—-也就是我们的同行，原来同行与同行在竞争出价的时候，我们每个店铺的竞价底价都是不一样的</p><p>把对应的数据放在一起，请大家看以下三张数据剪切图:</p><figure class="image-bubble">                <div class="img-lightbox">                    <div class="overlay"></div>                    <img src="../resources/images/309_1057775_eb055cfbad6ed9b.jpg" alt="" title="">                </div>                <div class="image-caption"></div>            </figure>  <figure class="image-bubble">                <div class="img-lightbox">                    <div class="overlay"></div>                    <img src="../resources/images/309_1057775_1f66202612c59bb.jpg" alt="" title="">                </div>                <div class="image-caption"></div>            </figure>  <figure class="image-bubble">                <div class="img-lightbox">                    <div class="overlay"></div>                    <img src="../resources/images/309_1057775_3a5f98e2d6deaac.jpg" alt="" title="">                </div>                <div class="image-caption"></div>            </figure><p>通过如上三个图的数据对比可知：<strong>P4P平均点击单价的高低取决于点击率高低，点击率越高，所需要花费的单价越低，反之越高。</strong></p><p>依次点击打开数据管家中—我的产品—按月统计—反馈</p><ol><li><p>如7年号的剪切图所示:</p><p> <img src="../resources/images/309_1057775_d53a57a34a8cb46.jpg" alt="" title="点击查看原图"></p></li><li><p>3年号剪切图所示:</p><p> <img src="../resources/images/309_1057775_f9db4fbbd27fb47.jpg" alt="" title="点击查看原图"></p></li><li><p>2年号剪切图所示:</p><p> <img src="../resources/images/309_1057775_05d0e6422cba80a.jpg" alt="" title="点击查看原图">  </p></li></ol><p>通过以上数据再次对比发现：</p><ol><li>账号年限(在运营好店铺的前提下)和对应的询盘数量是成正比的，年限越长，数据越好(数据指的是点击率、点击量…)，询盘就越多，对应的P4P点击单价就越低。</li><li>询盘越多的产品，则对应该产品在做P4P推广的时候，关键词所对应的竞价底价越低。</li></ol><p>综上所述，可以总结出: 同一行业中店铺与店铺，和同一店铺中产品与产品有着很大的差异性，这些差异性很大程度上，取决于店铺和产品的数据积累（这些数据积累决定着卖家在这个平台当中的投入和产出比），在阿里巴巴B2B平台里面，这些积累的数据更直观的反应出买家在搜索过程中的行为表现，这些行为表现实际反应的就是买家的搜索偏好。</p><p><strong>其中的逻辑关系是: </strong></p><p>买家在平台中进行产品需求搜索–便产生曝光、点击、停留时间、点击率、询盘数量和对应产品的反馈率等一系列的数据，这些数据平台会全部记录下来。在曝光一样的情况下，系统就会对比点击量；在点击量一样的情况下，就对比点击率；在点击率一样的情况下，就对比反馈率；在反馈率一样的前提下，就对比询盘的数量。这是由平台的性质决定了必须以询盘结果为导向(在平台原理中，我反复强调: B2B目前是信息平台，信保的出现，表示这个信息平台正在向交易平台转变，以后很可能就是一个交易平台，当变成交易平台，就会以成交量为结果导向)。</p><p>当这些数据的比值出来之后，买家搜索最短路径就非常容易辨别，此时阿里的搜索引擎和对应的P4P的出价系统便立刻开始通过价格高低的形式来差异化供应商的店铺权重值和产品权重，这个时候自然排名和P4P的竞价排名就开始及时变化，变化的准则是：让优质的卖家优先与买家匹配。</p><p>具体的表现形式为: 让买家偏好高的产品或者店铺优先排名靠前，也就是说即使是数据很好的普通产品，也要比橱窗的排名要靠前多。这就是为什么当新规则实施后，很多店铺的橱窗排名下降了，而很多普通产品却排在了首页的前面位置，大家不妨去验证一下，这些排名很好的普通产品，在后台所对应的数据一定会很好(新规则解读第二个篇章中已做解读)<br>，如果是P4P产品，P4P出价系统就会主动让那些数据好的产品，通过更低的价格，甚至是低价获得第一名的排名位置，此时这些排名好的产品便会进入一个良性的循环，形成马太效应: 低价获得好位置，好位置带来更多的流量，流量又能转化成数据(曝光、点击、点击率…..)沉淀在店铺和产品中,<br>数据越好，越是能反映出买家的偏好，直至循环到通过低价就能排名第一(这一点我会在平台原理的课程中讲解透彻)。</p><p>数据积累中的数据指的是:</p><ol><li>单个产品的曝光、点击、点击率、停留时间、反馈率和询盘数量；</li><li>整个店铺的曝光、点击和询盘的反馈总量；</li><li>整个店铺的流量转化率: 总的曝光到总的点击的转化率；</li><li>询盘和旺旺信息的及时回复率；</li></ol><p>See <a href="http://waimaoquan.alibaba.com/bbs/read-htm-tid-2265162-1-fid-309.html" target="_blank" rel="external">【超级干货】2015年阿里巴巴排名规则深度解读(三) -外贸名人堂- 阿里巴巴外贸圈外贸论坛</a></p><h2 id="商业因素"><a href="#商业因素" class="headerlink" title="商业因素"></a>商业因素</h2><p>一共有如下五种资源是我们要通过商业方式去购买的, 依次分别是: 顶级展位，固定排名，P4P产品、橱窗产品和金品诚企。就是这些商业化的资源，间接影响了我们店铺和产品的数据。</p><p>其中的原理就是: </p><p>平台通过商业因素改变产品和店铺的排名，让买家去选择这些产品，即买家偏好会通过数据闭环(曝光、点击、点击率、反馈、反馈率、最短搜索路径等因素)，最终以询盘结果为导向去影响自然产品的排名和P4P的竞价高低，这就是30%的商业因素对产品和店铺的影响。</p><p>我再通过时间维度去介绍这些商业性的产品，分析下他们与平台操作之间的某种逻辑关系：</p><ol><li>首先，阿里巴巴在1999成立之初，全球宝里面就有橱窗资源，根据企业的不同实力，可以选购固定排名；</li><li>其次，2010年11月底，在广东试点P4P(直通车-竞价排名)；</li><li>再次，2011年10月，推出金品诚企，金品的三个核心价值是: 40橱窗+2分钟的视频拍摄+一份第三方认证报告；</li><li>最后，是2014年4月，宣布取消固定排名，同年6月推出顶级展位，8月正式上线。</li></ol><p>以上就是阿里巴巴的几个商业产品依次推出的时间段，今天我想给大家总结出，随着这些产品的推出，我们曾有过以及即将有哪些时间机会窗口。大家对比一下，这些机会窗口，我们都把握住了吗？！</p><ol><li><p>1999–2005年: 阿里巴巴成立于1999年，在初期，国际站B2B是唯一的产品。2003年有了淘宝， 2005又收购了雅虎中国，我把收购雅虎中国视为一个时间节点，原因在于2005年之前，B2B和淘宝平台，都没有一个完善的搜索匹配技术，即两个平台不能精确地在买家和卖家之间通过搜索达到高效匹配的原则。但还是得益于互联网刚开始快速发展，以及整个国际商业环境，都处于卖方市场，所以1999年到2005年之间，<strong>只要是阿里国际站的会员，不管是付费，还是免费，供应商都能接到很多订单，付费会员的订单量会更多</strong>。</p></li><li><p>2005 –2007年: 淘宝和国际站引入雅虎的搜索技术后，国际的付费会员和免费会员出现分水岭，通过搜索技术，平台能快速将那些付费的会员排名在首页，所以付费会员的订单量会更多，即使从不操作后台，都会收到询盘，然后这些询盘很快就能转化成订单；免费会员的订单开始急剧减少，只能接到少量的订单，因为平台限制了免费平台在搜索排名中的展示机会，导致的结果就是询盘更少。所以2005年-2007年期间，<strong>只要是阿里的付费会员，账号在7年之上，且大量使用固定排名资源的企业，他们一定赚得盆满钵满</strong>！</p></li><li><p>2007–2011年:搜索技术已经在阿里平台应用得非常成熟，并在2010年底推出P4P竞价排名。然而在2008年爆发全球经融危机——这是一个由卖方市场向买方市场转变的标志，这期间，<strong>只要是阿里的付费会员，即使是19800元的方案，并懂一点平台排名的SEO技术，哪怕SEO的技术就是每天多发一些产品，你的询盘都会比你的同行多得多</strong>。但2007年–2011年之间，真正懂这一点的人，真的不多，所以只要做到这一点的个人或者企业，也是闷声赚大钱，陈老师就是一个非常典型的案例。</p><p> 我06年毕业，07年12月才开始接触阿里平台，07年大年三十的晚上，一个人在深圳过年，实在是无聊得没办法了，就在阿里后台靠子账号发布产品，一个晚上能收到122条询盘。看到商机后，08年8月开始创业，09年7月就有了自己的工厂，2012年就已经初具规模，然后就顺理成章得有了现在的样子；相反，对这个平台，不做任何规划和操作的话，那就很可能订单不饱和，甚至人工成本都收不回，所以这期间的机会窗口就是:懂一点平台操作技巧，订单更多，付费会员有订单，免费会员基本接不到订单。</p></li><li><p>2011–2014年：2011年是另一个节点，为什么这样说呢？2010年10月底，阿里推出了P4P竞价；2011年阿里开始在全国推商圈和橙功营；2011年4月我自己开始对外分享，2011年年底阿里推出金品等等，在阿里的大力推动下，网商生态蓬勃发展，学习分享的风潮更甚， 2012年又开启全国各地的寻梦之旅。正是这股风潮让我从后台走到讲台，开始给全国各地的网商分享精细化运营和后台数据分析，中小外贸企业老板和能吃苦爱学习的外贸人对平台的钻研和热衷达到了野蛮式的发展程度；但是大家听再多的分享都抵挡不住新变化的大势: <strong>光靠发布普通产品和SEO的效果开始越来越差，倒是橱窗和P4P的资源开始越来越好用</strong>。</p><p> 好的时候，一个橱窗可以10个关键词都排在首页，P4P就更不在话下。在2012年业绩最高峰的时候，我的3个主账号一共有270个橱窗；在2013年7月，我开始把我后台的产品数量从13万个删除到只有4500多个。当产品减少的时候，询盘数量和质量却不断提高， 2013年的全年销售比2012年多，2014年又比2013年高出500多万人民币。所以我胆敢总结出: 在2011年–2014年之间，只 <strong>要懂阿里平台优化技巧，合理的多投入一点橱窗和P4P，即能充分利用排名资源的付费会员，订单会更多，有部分付费会员开始接不到充足的订单，免费会员完全接不到订单</strong>。</p></li><li><p>2015–2017年:一到2015年，很多同学，就更急了，急的原因是完全摸不着阿里的规则了，而且原有的排名变得一塌糊涂。甚至在我发布第一篇新规则解读的文章之后，有同学义愤填膺留言: 陈老师，你的文章通篇都在写信保，根本就看不到什么新规则！还好有另外一个同学在后面又补充到:不管什么时候，一定要学会借势！</p><p> 我非常认可这个同学的这句话，古曰“商场如战场”，今有“风借火势，火借风威”。既然，我们要做阿里巴巴这个平台，就要看得懂它的出牌规则，就要按照他的规则去借势，对于中国的中小微企业来说，“接更多的订单、赚更多的钱、养活更多的员工”才是王道，这样的企业才是“道德的”，这也是我们要在这个平台上做生意的初衷！所以，对于企业在阿里平台2015年—2017年之间的生存规则，我的预测如下:</p><ol><li>能专业运营店铺：专业的运营人员、店铺运营方案的投入产出比；</li><li>充分利用流量资源: 高效使用P4P (竞价越用越低) 和橱窗资源；</li><li>具备一定信保额度，并能熟练的运用信保接订单，信保额度越高，在P4P的高效引流作用下，订单会更多；</li><li>品牌和供应链体系开始影响订单的多与少；</li><li>供应商一定要养成淘客户的习惯，即: 从众多客户中挑选出优质的客户，并慢慢培养成我们的大客户；过去等待大客户的时代已经不存在，尤其是小公司接到大订单，肯定性会随着时间推移慢慢变小；</li><li>2016年年底，免费的会员，但能专业运营店铺，并能在国际B2B平台，快速通过信保转化流量的微型企业、会快速崛起。</li></ol></li><li><p>2017–2020年: 在2012年底，阿里B2B网站的总负责人在给马总汇报时就谈到，未来3-5年，B2B国际总体规划里面，就已经把信保视为了唯一的支点，来撬动整个全球的出口贸易，所以信保是不可逆的，在这个前提下，我预测出，要想保证2017年到2020年之间的业务会一直保留较好的发展态势，至少需要做到如下几点:</p><ol><li>有较高的信保的额度和较好的诚信体系；</li><li>有好的供应链及品牌优势, 好的供应链是指: 新产品的开发、创新、产品个性化需求程度、价格、质量、交货期等，在加上自己的品牌优势；</li><li>专业运营店铺是最基本的要求，快速转化平台流量才是王道；</li><li>老客户的数量——老客户的多少，直接决定着公司未来发展是否可持续。</li></ol></li></ol><p>通过上述的解读，请大家一定要在正确的时间窗口做正确的事情，否则会事倍功半。就像现在: 如果一拿到店铺，就开始让业务员或者一个新来的员工开始大量发布产品，这肯定是错误的，往往大多数的同学，都是这样在操作，结果不用说，肯定不会好；或者我们只做一个29800的方案，然后请2-3个人来操作店铺，这也是不科学的。3个人也是成本，为什么不要一个专业的人操作后台，然后另外两个人的成本直接用来投P4P买流量，既好管理，效果来得又快！</p><p>运营好一个店铺，实际上很简单，最为核心的因素:</p><ol><li>首先，一定要有专业的人或者团队来操作店铺，且这个人或者团队一定要非常了解我们的产品、了解我们的客户、了解我们的目标市场…</li><li><p>其次，是我们愿意和能够投入少钱去买流量(流量即客户，通过曝光、点击和反馈的形式存在), 最后将流量转化成订单。29800元只代表我们在万达广场有一个门面，但这个门面需要装修(这个是投入)，需要展示产品(这个也是投入)，然后是通过广告(这个也是投入)的形式引流，最后有客户来了，就必须要请两个客服人员来接待客户并转化成订单。</p><p> 这是一个互联网快速发展的的时代，物质非常丰富，不缺钱，缺的是客户的体验度和精神上的认可度，所以客服人员一定要专业和敬业；线下如此，线上更亦如此，所以阿里B2B变了，不管是买家偏好，还是商业因素，归结于一点:都是以用户为主，在阿里平台里面，没有买家这个引线，平台和卖家都走不远；如果买家满意了，平台就有流量，卖家就有客户。</p><p> 所以，作为商家的我们，我们必须快速提高并不断优化企业的电子商务能力。因为阿里的发展方向我们改变不了，阿里代表着的是源源不断的潜在客户，更多的时候，我们只能不断地去适应，在适应的过程中，去影响买家，阿里的规则会一直变下去，而且还是以买家变化为主，武功练到最后，就是无招胜有招！写了这么多，我真心希望大家能从文章中找出能回去执行落地的点，并坚持做下去！</p></li><li><p>最后，还是给大家做个推断, 且这个推断会解开大家心中的很多疑惑，2015年之前，阿里权重值有三大影响因素: 买家偏好+商业因素+文本信息相关性。变化之前的比重是: 20%买家偏好+30%商业因素+50%的文本信息，以信息为核心的平台特征；变化之后的比重是: 50%的买家偏好+30%商业因素+20%的文本信息。这样说吧, 变化的最大特征是: 弱化了文本信息的SEO的权重，强化了买家的权重，这样做的目的，或许是为了给信保体系做铺垫，即让更多的买家愿意直接在平台上面成交订单，形成以产品的成交量为核心的平台特征。以上观点仅代表我的个人推断，欢迎大家一起探讨和追溯！</p></li></ol><h2 id="阿里流量"><a href="#阿里流量" class="headerlink" title="阿里流量"></a>阿里流量</h2><p>先从第一个问题开始切入，阿里巴巴B2B平台的流量来自于哪些渠道？我归结为如下四个大的渠道：第一个渠道，是直接输入alibaba.com进行访问；第二个渠道，是阿里巴巴参加全球的各种大型的线下展会，让买家主动去了解阿里巴巴B2B平台；第三个渠道，是搜索引擎引流；第四个渠道，是各种社交媒体的引流。接下来，我逐个分析一下这四个渠道。 </p><p>通过流量的来源渠道综合分析，我们一定要改变对待询盘的态度。之前，绝大部分买家通过PC端给我们发送询盘，所以询盘的内容和资料都比较全，询盘质量的高低很容易鉴别；但随着移动互联的发展，很多买家开始通过手机端来找买家，手机端的优势就是方便快捷，但不足之处是内容不能写太多，所以很多通过移动端过来的询盘，询盘内容很简单，我们的业务员一看，就觉得质量不高，然后随便处理一下，可能在不经意间导致潜在优质客户流失。在此，我提醒大家：优质客户有一部分是自然存在的，另一部分是卖家培养出来的。之前是等待优质询盘和买家，现在一定用“淘”客户的思维去对待这些询盘，从众多询盘中淘出优质的买家；如果是小买家，我们一定要学会去培养买家，这种方式成长起来的客户一定是粘度很高的客户。 </p><p>See <a href="http://waimaoquan.alibaba.com/bbs/read-htm-tid-2314563-fid-309.html" target="_blank" rel="external">2015年阿里巴巴排名规则深度解读(五) -外贸名人堂- 阿里巴巴外贸圈外贸论坛</a></p><h3 id="直接访问-alibaba-com"><a href="#直接访问-alibaba-com" class="headerlink" title="直接访问 alibaba.com"></a>直接访问 alibaba.com</h3><p>随着互联网和移动终端设备的快速发展，由单一的PC端直接访问alibaba.com，演变成与移动终端设备两分天下的局面。据有关数据显示，截止目前，在直接访问阿里平台的所有流量里面，PC和移动端各占50%，而移动端流量的比重还在不断上升。 </p><p>在50%的PC端口，又细化成如下小的渠道: </p><ol><li>搜索结果页面、产品详细展示页面、询盘页面、旺铺页面、RFQ等各个小的搜索结果页面，这些界面都是买家最终到达的页面； </li><li>买家端的后台页面 (MA=My Alibaba): 这个界面应该与供应商的页面有些类似，只要是在阿里平台里面注册的买家，都会有一个自己的My Alibaba平台界面，很多买家每天都通过这个端口进入到alibaba.com的搜索界面； </li><li>阿里系统每天给所有在阿里平台里面注册的买家和卖家推送邮件信息，很多买家会通过这个链接直接返回到alibaba.com的界面； </li></ol><p>在50%的移动端口中，又细化成如下两个的渠道: </p><ol><li>无线买家APP端口, 阿里开发了App，只要买家在手机上安装，买家可以通过该App在手机直接访问alibaba.com平台，进行产品的搜索； </li><li>手机端浏览器，阿里也开发了属于自己的浏览器，只要买家使用对应的浏览器，买家就会在浏览器的引导下，主动进入到 alibaba.com 的搜索页面。 </li></ol><h3 id="线下展会及地方报刊"><a href="#线下展会及地方报刊" class="headerlink" title="线下展会及地方报刊"></a>线下展会及地方报刊</h3><p>阿里巴巴每年都会定期参加全球各种大型的线下展会，让买家主动去了解阿里巴巴B2B平台，这些买家会直接通过输入alibaba.com进入搜索页面；其次阿里巴巴很会“来事”，作为舆论的宠儿，时常能轻易赢得媒体的亲睐，各大报刊和媒体就会变成阿里平台推荐的免费通道。就像2014年9月19日，阿里赴美IPO的时候，全球的报纸都在刊登阿里巴巴的故事，那一天整个平台的流量暴增，举个例子：平时我的P4P只要投放500元就够了，但是那一天却花费了2000元。 </p><h3 id="搜索引擎优化"><a href="#搜索引擎优化" class="headerlink" title="搜索引擎优化"></a>搜索引擎优化</h3><p>这些搜索引擎包括: Google、Yahoo，Bing，MSN，以及各种本地化的搜索引擎。在阿里的公司内部，有一个SEO技术团队，他们每天都会通过免费和付费的方式在这些搜索引擎里面优化alibaba.com这个平台的链接地址去引流，这些流量会直接进入到产品详细页面，或者旺铺页面，或者RFQ页面等，这些链接地址很多都是卖家发布的产品。 </p><h3 id="各种社交媒体的优化推广"><a href="#各种社交媒体的优化推广" class="headerlink" title="各种社交媒体的优化推广"></a>各种社交媒体的优化推广</h3><p>这些社交媒体包括Facebook、LinkedIN、Twitter、Block等社交媒体，阿里的技术团队会定期通过免费或者付费的方式去这些社交媒体里面引流。</p><h2 id="产品数据对P4P星级和竞价底价的影响"><a href="#产品数据对P4P星级和竞价底价的影响" class="headerlink" title="产品数据对P4P星级和竞价底价的影响"></a>产品数据对P4P星级和竞价底价的影响</h2><p>See <a href="http://waimaoquan.alibaba.com/bbs/read-htm-tid-2415889-fid-309.html" target="_blank" rel="external">2015阿里巴巴排名规则深度解读（六） -外贸名人堂- 阿里巴巴外贸圈外贸论坛</a></p><p>我认为P4P产品推广里面的关键词和产品的星级，取决于如下三点: </p><ol><li>正确的类目；</li><li>推广关键词与推广产品标题的匹配度；</li><li>推广产品本身的数据。</li></ol><h3 id="如何选择正确的类目"><a href="#如何选择正确的类目" class="headerlink" title="如何选择正确的类目"></a>如何选择正确的类目</h3><p>输入发布产品所需要的核心关键词，弹出对应的类目，依次点开对应的类目，并查看其属性。 </p><p><img src="../resources/images/309_1057775_b3c04093415c95d.png" alt=""></p><p>根据对产品属性的了解，依次查看对应的类目，选择与产品属性最匹配的类目发布产品。 </p><h3 id="推广关键词与推广产品标题的匹配度"><a href="#推广关键词与推广产品标题的匹配度" class="headerlink" title="推广关键词与推广产品标题的匹配度"></a>推广关键词与推广产品标题的匹配度</h3><figure class="image-bubble">                <div class="img-lightbox">                    <div class="overlay"></div>                    <img src="../resources/images/309_1057775_0794ff7e1e6c785.png" alt="" title="">                </div>                <div class="image-caption"></div>            </figure><p> 所推广的关键词和产品的星级，最直接的因素就是目标推广关键词与推广产品标题的匹配度，如果不匹配，就是3星以下，如果是匹配，至少是三星级，如果这个产品之前有数据，那可能就会立刻变成5星级。 </p><p>总结: 标题是搜索引擎抓取的第一要素，必须要确保所推广的关键词与产品标题的匹配度。 </p><h3 id="被推广产品本身的数据"><a href="#被推广产品本身的数据" class="headerlink" title="被推广产品本身的数据"></a>被推广产品本身的数据</h3><p>在后台点击数据管家—点击我的产品—点击有效果产品—-点击按月统计—点击反馈，从高到低排序，如下图中红色框框所示所示，该产品的数据是所有产品里面最好的。</p><figure class="image-bubble">                <div class="img-lightbox">                    <div class="overlay"></div>                    <img src="../resources/images/309_1057775_80468d50c7838eb.png" alt="" title="">                </div>                <div class="image-caption"></div>            </figure><p>如下图，选择词来源，并点击 More，会弹出红色框框中的关键词以及对应的曝光和点击，红色框框中的两个关键词为: 7 inch digital photo Frame 和 digital photo Frame，这两个词语所对应的数据都非常好！</p><figure class="image-bubble">                <div class="img-lightbox">                    <div class="overlay"></div>                    <img src="../resources/images/309_1057775_b37412ae02fcb8f.png" alt="" title="">                </div>                <div class="image-caption"></div>            </figure><p>为了验证数据对该关键词竞价底价的影响，分别将两个词语 7 inch digital photo frame 和 digital photo frame, 拿到七年号和三年号的P4P后台里面搜索，如图3所示: 在下午18.09分的时刻，该关键词的竞价底价为3.7元，而且没有同级别的供应商与之竞价: </p><p><img src="../resources/images/309_1057775_78076664738e187.jpg" alt=""></p><p>总结: 数据高的产品，分别对应的关键词在P4P的出价过程中，竞价是很低的！</p><p>接着，在把同样的词语拿到3年号的P4P后台里面去搜索，如图4所示: 发现在18.02分的时候，同样的关键词，竞价底价却截然不同，而且同级别的同行有很多都在竞价: </p><p>接着，在把同样的词语拿到3年号的P4P后台里面去搜索，如图4所示: 发现在18.02分的时候，同样的关键词，竞价底价却截然不同，而且同级别的同行有很多都在竞价: </p><p><img src="../resources/images/309_1057775_b20277a79b33b96.png" alt=""></p><p>总结: 如果没有数据做支撑，同行与同行之间的竞价差异非常大，即投入产出截然不一样；</p><p>在把digital photo frame拿到7年号里面搜索，在下午18.12分的时候，该关键词在竞价中为底价，而且没有同级别的同行与之竞价，如图5所示 </p><p><img src="../resources/images/309_1057775_83705ed6539a49b.jpg" alt=""></p><p>总结: 数据高的产品，分别对应的关键词在P4P的出价过程中，竞价是很低的！ </p><p>把同样的关键词拿到3年号中查看，在下午18.07分的时刻，该关键词的竞底价，如图5所示，有很多同级别的同行与之竞争，而且价格相当高: </p><p><img src="../resources/images/309_1057775_18918022ce892cf.png" alt=""></p><p>总结: 由以上5张剪切图的数据告诉我们，如果一个产品的数据很好(数据代表买家偏好)，这个产品在参与P4P竞价时，这个产品标题中所包含的关键词(推广关键词)的竞价底价都很低，即: 阿里平台通过商业的手段，将优质的产品和供应商，通过最低的成本，让他们展示在首页，去引流并服务好潜在的买家！ </p><p>为了更加清晰的阐述数据、星级和出价的关系，请看如下四张图: </p><p><img src="../resources/images/309_1057775_1be19944c20ac69.jpg" alt=""></p><figure class="image-bubble">                <div class="img-lightbox">                    <div class="overlay"></div>                    <img src="../resources/images/309_1057775_3164f1b8984ae75.png" alt="" title="">                </div>                <div class="image-caption"></div>            </figure><p>该数据为七年号的P4P推广关键词的竞价及对应的推广产品，该推广关键词所指向的产品，均为5星级，优先推广的5星级产品所对应的关键词竞价为底价: </p><p><img src="../resources/images/309_1057775_26a93cc1e87a9b8.png" alt=""></p><figure class="image-bubble">                <div class="img-lightbox">                    <div class="overlay"></div>                    <img src="../resources/images/309_1057775_ecb40e23dcde2ff.jpg" alt="" title="">                </div>                <div class="image-caption"></div>            </figure><p>该数据为三年号的P4P推广关键词的竞价及对应的推广产品，该推广关键词所指向的产品，均为5星级，优先推广的5星级产品所对应的关键词竞价第一名要37.9元，第5名要9.2元，竞价是7年号的2倍多； </p><p>总结: 在同一个账号或者不同的主账号中，即使关键词指向的产品均为5星级产品，它们各自的竞价底价仍然不一样，数据越好的5星级产品，竞价底价越低，反之亦然；也就说: 产品的数据才是决定产品竞价底价高低的关键词因素，因为数据代表着买家偏好； </p><p><img src="../resources/images/309_1057775_e2ae418a0254509.png" alt=""></p><h2 id="文本信息"><a href="#文本信息" class="headerlink" title="文本信息"></a>文本信息</h2><p>See <a href="http://waimaoquan.alibaba.com/bbs/read-htm-tid-2436468-fid-309.html" target="_blank" rel="external">2015年阿里巴巴排名规则解读(七) -外贸名人堂- 阿里巴巴外贸圈外贸论坛</a></p><p>什么是文本信息呢？不难理解，就是文字信息。在网络推广平台里面，文本信息一般体现在哪些板块呢？但凡SEO或者网络推广专员，文本信息体现在推广产品的产品名称、关键词、产品的详情描述等，在阿里后台中，文本信息还包括产品自定义属性和产品交易信息等。 </p><h3 id="核心属性"><a href="#核心属性" class="headerlink" title="核心属性"></a>核心属性</h3><p>今天就跟大家解析，在产品信息推广的过程当中，应该如何写出高质量的文本信息。要想做到高质量的文本信息，我们必须要深刻地理解产品信息在网络推广中，相当重要的两个核心属性： </p><ol><li><p>第一个核心属性是: 产品文本信息的丰富度，体验对象是人(买家)，即产品文本信息的专业性、多样性和完整性，也就是说，当买家在浏览产品文本信息的时候，买家能通过信息获得买家想要的、有价值的信息，最好让能产生依赖； </p></li><li><p>第二个属性是: 产品文本信息的相关性，体验对象是代码(搜索引擎)，即买家搜索用的关键词与产品文本信息的匹配度，这个匹配是靠算法说了算，匹配度越高，相关性就越好。相关性越好，搜索引擎算法给出的分值就越高，分值越高，排名就越好，简单一点说，就是文本信息的相关性越好，搜索引擎越易抓取该文本信息。 </p></li></ol><p>当明白产品信息的两个核心属性后，就不难理解: 产品信息的相关性，决定着搜索引擎是否优先抓取而排名靠前。产品排名靠前以后，产品信息的丰富度决定着买家是否给我们发送询盘，产品信息的相关性和丰富度前后的逻辑关系务必要清晰，否则，在实际的运营中就会走入误区。例如: 当我们在阿里巴巴搜索端口查找自己公司产品排名的时候，发现自己很认真的发布了产品的图片和信息，但排名就是上不去，而那些产品图片不好的，信息看上去不怎么样的产品，反而排名却排在我们产品的前面，这就是产品文本信息的相关性和丰富度导致的。 </p><p>我们产品发布的信息好，只能说客户的体验度好，但搜索引擎的体验不一定好，所以排名差，撇开数据因素和商业因素，相关度高的产品信息，搜索引擎就会优先排名，展现的结果就是排名好，说到这里，我只表达一点: 要想有询盘，必须掌握基本的店铺运营能力。用网络推广语言表达就是: 要想把产品文本信息的相关性和丰富度做好，就必须学会如何专业运营店铺。 </p><h3 id="标题"><a href="#标题" class="headerlink" title="标题"></a>标题</h3><p>明白了产品信息相关性和丰富度的重要性，现在就开始跟大家讲解，如何在产品名称、关键词、详细描述、自定义属性和交易信息等文本信息中，做到高质量的相关性和丰富度，为了大家能快速掌握知识点，我就以Iphone6为例给大家做讲解。 </p><p>为了更好的体现产品信息的丰富度，我们必须要很好的了解Iphone6这款产品，否则，很难做到产品信息的专业性、多样性和完整性。在了解Iphone6这个产品的时候，我们应该首先了解这个产品有哪些属性，属性就是这个产品的特征、特点和功能。Iphone6的属性有哪些呢？总结了一些常规的，差异性的，我们感兴趣的产品属性，有如下5个: </p><ol><li>Iphone6的屏幕尺寸—4.7inch &amp;55.5inch, </li><li>Iphone6的外观颜色—-Black/White/Silver/Golden </li><li>Iphone6的存储容量—–16GB/64GB/128GB </li><li>Iphone6的网络制式—–Mobile/Unicom/Telecom </li><li>Iphone6的网络类型—–3G/4G</li></ol><p>当清楚目标产品的属性之后，我们就要从文本信息的相关性和丰富度着手去优化产品的标题。在优化之前，我们必须要清楚客户的习惯，如果我是一个买家，我在搜索我所需要的产品的时候，我使用的关键词会偏离产品的属性吗？答案：否，不然搜索的产品就是客户不需要的产品，既然是这样，那客户搜索的关键词一定是与产品的属性离不开的。 </p><p>经过我们大量的测试和检验，客户搜索的关键词一般都是属性词与产品核心名称之间的组合，不管怎么组合，都是跟核心产品名称和属性词语相关，更多的时候，只是属性词语在核心名称的前面或者后面而已，既然这样，我们可不可以优化这样的一个产品标题出来呢？ </p><p>比如： </p><ul><li>Black 4.7 Inch 64GB Telecom 4G Iphone6 </li><li>Silver 5.5 Inch16GB Mobile 4G Iphone6 Plus </li><li>Golden 4.7 Inch16GB Mobile 3G Iphone6 </li><li>Golden 5.5 Inch128GB Unicom 4G Iphone6 Plus </li></ul><p>如果你是买家，你会使用什么词语搜索这个产品呢？64G Iphone6/Iphone 6 Plus、Golden Iphone6with 16G…我想，不管使用什么词语，客户搜索的词语都会在我的标题中体现，体现的越多，说明相关性越高，而且客户的体验度也相当高！ </p><h3 id="关键词"><a href="#关键词" class="headerlink" title="关键词"></a>关键词</h3><p>标题优化好后，然后就是填写关键词，绝大多数人，把重心都放在关键词上面，结果事倍功半，甚至为零，为什么呢？难道关键词不重要？ </p><p>核心原因之一是: 搜索引擎会优先把客户搜索的关键词与标题进行匹配，然后是关键词；其二: 在阿里的后台里面只能写三个关键词，且三个关键词不一定刚好是客户搜索的关键词。 </p><p>在今年4月份的时候，阿里后台又发生了变化，原来的版本，在写关键词的地方，有三个空格，现在变成只可写一个就可以了，说明什么问题？产品发布中的关键词作用在被弱化。如果关键词弱化，一定会在标题、详细描述…等文本信息方面加强，所以在实际操作中，我们应该如何把关键词写好？ </p><p>我的经验是：产品发布中的关键词一定来自于标题中的属性词和核心词的组合，任何一种组合都可以，只是用来加强标题和其他文本信息的相关性，比如产品名称是: Black 4.7 Inch 64GB Telecom 4G Iphone6 (此处不考虑侵权因素), 那我的关键词可以写成 Black Iphone6或者64GB Iphone6 或者Telecom 4G Iphone6……等。 </p><h3 id="自定义属性"><a href="#自定义属性" class="headerlink" title="自定义属性"></a>自定义属性</h3><p>关键词写完了，就要讲到自定义属性，在第6个篇章中，我已经讲到，要想选择准确的类目，就必须通过产品自身的属性特征来判断，如果该类目下的产品属性与我们经营的产品是一致的，说明这个类目是我们要选择的正确类目，在类目选择正确的条件下，<strong>自定义属性在填写的时候，一定要与标题相关联，即标题中出现的属性词语，在自定义属性当中，也最好写一次，这样能很好保证产品文本信息的相关性和丰富度</strong>。 </p><p>交易信息板块中，能体现文本信息的，就只有两个位置：一个是交货期限，一个是常规包装。这两个地方，大家可以灵活的写一些内容来凸显出标题中的描述内容，要很自然的嵌入！</p><h3 id="详细描述"><a href="#详细描述" class="headerlink" title="详细描述"></a>详细描述</h3><p>最后一个板块是详细描述，详细描述是整个文本信息模块中最大的一个板块，而且文本信息的展现方式可以多样化，切记一点: 文本信息不可以做成图片直接插入到详细描述中，如果文本信息变成图片后，搜索引擎是匹配不到的，在填写详细描述的过程中，可以通过表格的方式，有重点的去凸显出产品标题中的属性词和核心名称，甚至是整个标题，在这里就不重点阐述，如果大家想看的更加具体一点，可以去浏览我的阿里网站（<a href="http://lcdworld.en.alibaba.com/）中的产品详细描述。" target="_blank" rel="external">http://lcdworld.en.alibaba.com/）中的产品详细描述。</a> </p><p>在整个新规则的变化中，变化最大的是买家搜索的关键词与标题中内容相关性的应用，变化之后，灵活性更大了，相对于之前，只要是匹配度，排名直接靠前，所以优化的空间很大。同时，搜索关键词与标题匹配总分数权重值下降了，优化的空间一下子很少了，而平台更看重的是买家偏好(产品对应的数据)和商业因素的应用，但信息的丰富度还是影响买家的反馈，所以，要想询盘多一些，还是要把每一个细节都做好！ </p><p>Also see:</p><ul><li><a href="http://waimaoquan.alibaba.com/bbs/read-htm-tid-75123-1-fid-95.html" target="_blank" rel="external">02号数据达人陈雍-达人总决赛PPT&amp;视频 -广东外贸人- 阿里巴巴外贸圈外贸论坛</a></li></ul><p>About 陈雍：</p><ul><li><a href="http://www.vcam.cc/" target="_blank" rel="external">digital signage solution</a></li><li>三年账号：<a href="http://videoinfolder.en.alibaba.com/" target="_blank" rel="external">Shenzhen Videoinfolder Technology Co., Ltd. - video greeting card,video brochure</a></li><li>七年账号：<a href="http://fanray-v.en.alibaba.com/" target="_blank" rel="external">Shenzhen Fanray Electronic Co., Ltd. - video card,video greeting card</a></li></ul>]]></content>
    
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        &lt;h2 id=&quot;阿里巴巴排名&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;#阿里巴巴排名&quot; class=&quot;headerlink&quot; title=&quot;阿里巴巴排名&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;阿里巴巴排名&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;See &lt;a href=&quot;http://waimaoquan.alibaba.com/bbs/read-ht
      
    
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  <entry>
    <title>外贸业务员工作流程</title>
    <link href="http://blog.inesoi.com/fs-workflow.html"/>
    <id>http://blog.inesoi.com/fs-workflow.html</id>
    <published>2015-09-27T16:00:00.000Z</published>
    <updated>2018-08-19T10:09:33.803Z</updated>
    
    <content type="html"><![CDATA[<p>See <a href="http://www.liaosam.com/how-to-improve-efficiency.html" target="_blank" rel="external">外贸业务员怎样提高工作效率？-料网 - 料神Sam外贸老鸟之路</a></p><h2 id="查看汇率"><a href="#查看汇率" class="headerlink" title="查看汇率"></a>查看汇率</h2><p>一般以中行或央行为参考，一般还要看看国内的原材料的价格走向。</p><h2 id="查看客户跟踪情况表"><a href="#查看客户跟踪情况表" class="headerlink" title="查看客户跟踪情况表"></a>查看客户跟踪情况表</h2><p>一般是按照2-3个星期左右的时间，给他们逐个发一些问候的邮件，邮件的内容根据不同的对象选择不同的内容。</p><p>这么做的好处在于：</p><ol><li><p>和未成交客户保持联系，让他始终记得你。这点在客户准备换供应商的时候尤为重要，他会第一时间想到你。</p><p> 持续地联系给未成交客户一种感觉，你的服务很好并且有诚意跟他合作，那么当他的老供应商出问题的时候，他会给你机会！</p><p> 拿个找货代的事情为例。以前我们公司有固定货代的时候，我们一接到新的货代的自我推荐的电话，都是随便应付几句，恨不得早点挂电话。后来，公司的货代出现了问题，决定更换货代。正好过了两天，接到一个打过好几次电话的货代的来电，于是很高兴，约了时间谈谈。后来货代过来以后询问了一下价格和服务，之后很快就合作起来了。</p><p> 邮件的内容以简洁、轻描淡写为主，千万别写太长，没时间看！有些业务员，写开发信的时候已经写了一堆介绍公司优势如何如何的内容，那么跟进的时候根本不需要再写了！写多了客户会反感。大家虽然肤色不同，但人的心理还是有共性的。</p> <pre> Dear XXX, How are you ? I hope your everything is going well. I wonder whether you have any pending orders or inquiry recently ? If so, please contact me with no hesitate, we are sure any of your inquiry will get our prompt attention & reply. Thanks. Best regards, XXX </pre></li><li><p>和已经成交客户增进关系，展示服务。</p><p> 客户都喜欢有跟进意识的服务人员。</p><p> 设想一下，当你从商场里买了一个不知名品牌的电器，买回来用了一周后突然有个回访电话，问您使用中是否有任何问题或者不便，您的任何建议都会对今后提升产品的品质和服务起到至关重要的作用。你会不会感觉有种惊讶，或者说惊喜？不管产品品牌如何，产品体验如何，起码服务应该说是比较满意的。对这个品牌或者制造商内心也会打一些分。</p><p> 其实放到外贸中是一个道理，有些业务员认为出了货，收了尾款这一单就结束了。其实，实际情况告诉我，每一次的售后跟进都是客户决定返单的一个机会。这对加强客户对你的印象甚至信任，都会起到潜移默化的作用。这样随手就能发的邮件，为什么不做呢？</p><p> 邮件的内容简洁点、轻描淡写~</p> <pre> Dear XXX, Hope this email finds you well. Have you received the goods ? How do you think ? I hope you are satisfied with our quality. If any comments, please let me know. Thanks. Best regards, XXX </pre></li><li><p>提醒老客户是否考虑新的订单计划</p><p> 提醒老客户是否考虑新的订单计划老客户收到后一般会很快回复你的邮件，而且有些客户会告知你具体什么时候会有新的订单。</p></li></ol><h2 id="查看每日工作计划表"><a href="#查看每日工作计划表" class="headerlink" title="查看每日工作计划表"></a>查看每日工作计划表</h2><p>外贸业务是一项连续性的工作，比较辛苦，但贵在坚持。打个不恰当的比喻，就像农民种庄稼。松土、撒种、施肥、保温、杀虫等等每个环节都需要去做，等待收获收割的那一天。</p><p>根据事情的性质分为四类：</p><ul><li>重要不紧急</li><li>重要且紧急</li><li>紧急不重要</li><li>既不紧急也不重要。</li></ul><p>优先处理重要且紧急和重要不紧急两类。给工作分类：</p><p>重要不紧急的事情有：开发新客户，跟进未成交客户，研究目标市场，学习更多的产品知识，汲取更多业务经验，和客户建立信任，制定销售计划和工作目标，改进与供应商的关系，锻炼身体，好好吃一顿午饭，适当休息等（一切对你未来业绩提升有直接关系的事务）</p><p>重要且紧急：跟客户谈判，催客户尾款，给意向客户报价，给客户做PI，准备样品（维持你现有的业绩的事务），完成工作计划。</p><p>紧急不重要：其他部门要求你配合的工作，领导交待的非业务性工作。很多事情看似很“紧急”，实际上拖一拖，甚至不办，也无关大局。学会委托或分配这些事务交给助理、跟单甚至新业务员去做。</p><p>既不紧急也不重要：娱乐，上网，闲聊，消遣。</p><ul><li>每天固定花半个小时对一段时间未联系的客户say hello</li><li>每天花半个小时时间阅读一下yahoo国际站的英文新闻，对实事多了解一些，并且当做锻炼阅读能力。当有客户来拜访时，在路上，至少你可以多了很多当下热点的话题。</li><li>每天半小时至一小时用来回复老客户的邮件，简洁表达清楚即可。</li><li>把更多的精力用来考虑和研究怎样去跟进和回复潜在客户，力求建立起信任。</li><li>每天花半小时的时间来研究了解目标市场，对一个目标市场的了解起码做到市场销售价格、市场常见品牌、做这个品牌的供应商和其分销商有哪些、销售渠道有哪些、目标市场上行业内的标杆客户、主要规格类型、该国最大的几个supermarket、该国最主要的一两个B2B网站等等。</li></ul><p>出差— 不方便及时查看邮件</p><pre>Dear Mr/Ms,I will be out of office for a business trip during Jun 15th – Jun 25th 2012.With very limited access to email and voicemail, I cannot check or reply your email in time.If you have urgent matter to discuss with me, please call me at +86-xxx xxxx xxxx.If you have a question regarding inquiry of product or price, please contact XXX Durling at cdurling@xxxxxx.com or +86-xxx-XXXXXXX.If you have a question regarding documents of shipment, please contact Cindy Luo at cindy@xxxxxx.com or +86-xxx-XXXXXXX.Thank you and have a nice day!</pre><h2 id="设置邮件签名模板"><a href="#设置邮件签名模板" class="headerlink" title="设置邮件签名模板"></a>设置邮件签名模板</h2><p>出差— 不方便及时查看邮件</p><pre>Dear Mr/Ms,I will be out of office for a business trip during Jun 15th – Jun 25th 2012.With very limited access to email and voicemail, I cannot check or reply your email in time.If you have urgent matter to discuss with me, please call me at +86-xxx xxxx xxxx.If you have a question regarding inquiry of product or price, please contact XXX Durling at cdurling@xxxxxx.com or +86-xxx-XXXXXXX.If you have a question regarding documents of shipment, please contact Cindy Luo at cindy@xxxxxx.com or +86-xxx-XXXXXXX.Thank you and have a nice day!</pre><ul><li>出差 — 但会每天回宾馆查看</li><li>放假 — 不方便及时查看邮件</li><li>收到询价，由于XX原因，不能立即报价</li><li>出差，但方便及时查看邮件</li><li>放假，不方便及时查看邮件</li><li>收到询价，由于XX原因，不能立即报价</li><li>收到询价，会尽快报价</li><li>收到询价，产品种类少，邮件里报价</li><li>收到询价，产品种类多，附件中报价表</li><li>发送CATALOG</li><li>对某些询价的内容不清楚，询问客户</li><li>客户还价太多</li><li>同意客户的还价</li><li>婉拒客户目标价 – 新客户</li></ul><pre>Thanks for your email.We regret that it’s hard to meet your target price. It’s a quite low price and below our cost / make us have no margin profit.Please note that the material cost rising about 5% per tonThe exchange rate float from 6.34 to 6.20 during last two monthsWe would like to work with you and we believe we can be good partners each other, but we really need a health start of cooperation and keep that long-term.Hope to get your understanding and support.</pre><ul><li>同意客户目标价 – 新客户</li><li>婉拒客户目标价 – 老客户</li><li>客户已确认价格，需要寄送样品</li><li>找客户要快递账号</li><li>解释为什么找客户要快递账号</li><li>客户发来订单 – 感谢客户</li><li>和客户确认包装</li><li>订单预付款收到，会立即安排生产</li><li>订单预付款 — 仍未收到，要求客户发付款水单</li><li>订单预付款 — 到款，无法入账，请求客户银行修改收款人信息</li><li>交货期 — 延误 ( 原因1. 工厂太忙 )</li><li>交货期 — 延误 ( 原因2. 工厂/原材料厂停电)</li><li>交货期 — 延误 ( 原因3. 原料太紧俏，不好订 )</li><li>货好 — 通知客户，告知指定货代，安排订舱</li><li>订单尾款 — 催客户付尾款 — 船快到港</li><li>订单尾款 — 催客户付尾款 — 汇率原因</li><li>订单尾款 — 收到，表达谢意</li><li>向老客户推销新产品</li></ul><h2 id="客户资料整理"><a href="#客户资料整理" class="headerlink" title="客户资料整理"></a>客户资料整理</h2><p>根据不同市场建立5个根文件夹：北美 南美 中东 欧洲 亚洲。</p><p>然后在“北美”里面再建立一个公司名称的文件夹，如“AAA GROUP”，之后再根据订单的年期分为2008，2009，2010，2011，2012。</p><p>进入2012后，逐个建立“包装资料”、“客户PO”、“形式发票”、“采购合同”、“大货照片及验货情况”、“装船通知”、“报关单据”和“结汇单据”。</p><p>再建立两个TXT文本，一个是“到款记录”，一个是“快递单号记录”。这样虽然前期工作量比较大，不过大家可以复制操作，并且用熟了之后一切都一目了然。</p><h2 id="报价利润核算表"><a href="#报价利润核算表" class="headerlink" title="报价利润核算表"></a>报价利润核算表</h2><p>对于那些每天会受到N多个要求报价的业务员，如果每个报价单都一个个去做，精力再旺盛也吃不消。久而久之还会产生疲劳感，失去激情。</p><p>因此需要一个表格能高效、方便、快捷的报价利润核算来帮助我们简化报价前的工作。<br>最好填上采购价、退税率、汇率 等一些基本的数值，就能给出报价的参考意见的。</p><p>使用 Sam 的价利润核算表，可以使用公式来核算。你只需填上采购价、退税率、汇率、数量等，就会显示出不同利润率下的价格。价格都填写好后即可查看总体利润。更方便的是，你可以不断修改价格，调整不同的利润率，最终得到一个合理的总利润。你可以不断修改数量，最终使得总体积正好是你目标立方数。</p><p>另外，货物品种多拼一起走散货或整柜的情况下，我们经常要去掉或者加上一些数量的产品。到底哪个产品去掉或者加上好呢？ 按照以往的经验，如果超过整柜的体积，就去掉一部分产量低的，手工做的慢的，难做的产品。如果数量不够整柜体积，那么就增加一些产量高，交货快的产品。 现在，你可以根据 利润/立方来考虑。即每立方利润额。这个数值高的，说明每多装一个立方此产品，可以获得较高利润。</p>]]></content>
    
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        &lt;p&gt;See &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.liaosam.com/how-to-improve-efficiency.html&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; rel=&quot;external&quot;&gt;外贸业务员怎样提高工作效率？-料网 - 料神Sam外贸老鸟之路&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p
      
    
    </summary>
    
      <category term="Trade" scheme="http://blog.inesoi.com/categories/Trade/"/>
    
    
  </entry>
  
  <entry>
    <title>SNS</title>
    <link href="http://blog.inesoi.com/sns.html"/>
    <id>http://blog.inesoi.com/sns.html</id>
    <published>2015-09-11T16:00:00.000Z</published>
    <updated>2018-08-19T10:09:33.803Z</updated>
    
    <content type="html"><![CDATA[<h2 id="Tutorial"><a href="#Tutorial" class="headerlink" title="Tutorial"></a>Tutorial</h2><ul><li><a href="http://ask.imiker.com/question/5570" target="_blank" rel="external">视频干货大放送！深米O2O第六期顾小北《跨境电商SNS社交营销》总结 - 米课问答</a></li></ul><h2 id="Tool"><a href="#Tool" class="headerlink" title="Tool"></a>Tool</h2><ul><li><a href="http://ask.imiker.com/question/6970" target="_blank" rel="external">分享一个方法解决Facebook,Linkedin,Twitter,Google+等SNS平台太多更新不过来的问题。 - 米课问答</a></li></ul><h2 id="Tutorial-1"><a href="#Tutorial-1" class="headerlink" title="Tutorial"></a>Tutorial</h2><ul><li><a href="http://ask.imiker.com/question/5941" target="_blank" rel="external">Shopify+Pinterest营销，句句干货，步步实战，玩的就是直接和效果，任何疑惑，请留言，必当知无不言言无不尽（08-10更新！） - 米课问答</a></li></ul><h2 id="LinkedIn"><a href="#LinkedIn" class="headerlink" title="LinkedIn"></a>LinkedIn</h2><ul><li><a href="http://ask.imiker.com/question/5841" target="_blank" rel="external">免费LinkedIn账户如何高效利用LinkedIn群组开发海外市场（摸索了2年多，干货分享） - 米课问答</a></li><li><a href="http://www.crissshare.us/2014/01/20/1-11-alibaba-linkedin-share-1/" target="_blank" rel="external">1.11阿里巴巴杭州外贸微友会现场分享-极简LinekdIn攻略-上篇</a></li><li><a href="http://www.crissshare.us/category/%e5%a4%96%e8%b4%b8%e7%bd%91%e7%bb%9c%e8%90%a5%e9%94%80/linkedin-marketing/" target="_blank" rel="external">LinkedIn-领英使用分享</a></li></ul>]]></content>
    
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        &lt;h2 id=&quot;Tutorial&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;#Tutorial&quot; class=&quot;headerlink&quot; title=&quot;Tutorial&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;Tutorial&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://ask.imiker.com/question/
      
    
    </summary>
    
      <category term="Marketing" scheme="http://blog.inesoi.com/categories/Marketing/"/>
    
    
      <category term="seo" scheme="http://blog.inesoi.com/tags/seo/"/>
    
  </entry>
  
  <entry>
    <title>Bag Customers</title>
    <link href="http://blog.inesoi.com/bag-customers.html"/>
    <id>http://blog.inesoi.com/bag-customers.html</id>
    <published>2015-09-09T16:00:00.000Z</published>
    <updated>2018-08-19T10:09:33.802Z</updated>
    
    <content type="html"><![CDATA[<h2 id="参考网站"><a href="#参考网站" class="headerlink" title="参考网站"></a>参考网站</h2><ul><li><a href="http://fetonled.com/" target="_blank" rel="external">COB LED Inventor No.1 Ceramic COB LED Supplier</a></li><li><a href="http://feton-gmc.com/" target="_blank" rel="external">Feton Consulting - Sourcing Agent China</a></li></ul><h2 id="Brances"><a href="#Brances" class="headerlink" title="Brances"></a>Brances</h2><ul><li><a href="http://www.cesobags.com/brand.asp" target="_blank" rel="external">China Handbag Factory(Guangzhou Ceso Handbag Factory)</a></li></ul><h2 id="外链"><a href="#外链" class="headerlink" title="外链"></a>外链</h2><ul><li><a href="http://www.independent.co.uk/extras/indybest/food-drink/10-best-picnic-bags-and-baskets-9399035.html" target="_blank" rel="external">10 best picnic bags and baskets - Food &amp; Drink - IndyBest - The Independent</a></li></ul><h2 id="Facebook"><a href="#Facebook" class="headerlink" title="Facebook"></a>Facebook</h2><ul><li><a href="https://www.facebook.com/Leather.Handbag.Manufacturer.China.VanessaBrig" target="_blank" rel="external">Genuine Leather Handbag Factory/Manufacture China - Vanessa Brig</a></li></ul><h2 id="FAQ"><a href="#FAQ" class="headerlink" title="FAQ"></a>FAQ</h2><ul><li><a href="http://www.instructables.com/id/How-to-Buy-from-the-Greatest-Store-The-World-Has-E/" target="_blank" rel="external">How to Buy from China</a></li><li><a href="http://www.nomadicmatt.com/travel-tips/choosing-the-right-backpack/" target="_blank" rel="external">How to Choose the Right Travel Backpack</a></li><li><a href="http://www.skipstonestaffing.com/157-baby-girl-diaper-bags-canada/" target="_blank" rel="external">Baby Girl Diaper Bags Canada - Diaper Bag : Bags Image Gallery #YW9QKJeyZB</a></li><li><a href="http://www.mommybynurture.com/2015/01/stunning-lace-floral-amber-tote-bumble-collection-diaper-bag-review.html" target="_blank" rel="external">How to Have Style and Function with Stunning Diaper Bags - Mommy by Nurture</a></li><li><a href="http://www.ask.com/home-garden/difference-between-pu-pvc-d24337f16e65e0f4" target="_blank" rel="external">What is the difference between PU and PVC?</a></li><li><a href="http://www.asos.com/women/size-guide/?szgtid=1&amp;ctaref=Size+Guide" target="_blank" rel="external">Women’s size guide</a></li><li><a href="http://composite.about.com/od/Plastics/a/What-Is-Polypropylene.htm" target="_blank" rel="external">What Is Polypropylene and What Is It Used For?</a></li><li><a href="http://s7d2.scene7.com/is/content/Tumi/Documents/How_do_we_measure.pdf" target="_blank" rel="external">How do we measure</a></li><li><a href="http://www.rosewholesale.com/m-article-id-29.html" target="_blank" rel="external">Payment Methods - Rosewholesale.com</a></li></ul><h3 id="for-Content"><a href="#for-Content" class="headerlink" title="for Content"></a>for Content</h3><ul><li><a href="http://www.hunghee.com/" target="_blank" rel="external">China Bag Manufacturer, Evening Bags Factory, Clutch Evening Handbags Supplier, Evening Bags Clutches Manufacturer – HungHee.Com</a></li><li><a href="http://www.nomadicmatt.com/travel-blog/" target="_blank" rel="external">Travel Blog</a></li><li><a href="http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/handle/2027.42/83803/mbgrand_1303339715.pdf?sequence=1" target="_blank" rel="external">The Simple-Basic Backpack</a></li></ul><h2 id="Competitor"><a href="#Competitor" class="headerlink" title="Competitor"></a>Competitor</h2><ul><li><a href="http://www.chinasiliconebag.com/#" target="_blank" rel="external">silicone bag factory</a></li><li><a href="http://www.shenhuang.net/" target="_blank" rel="external">Bestshine Bags</a></li><li><a href="http://yabobags.com/" target="_blank" rel="external">Leading Backpack And Bags Manufacturer In China - Yabobags</a></li><li><a href="http://www.chinaimportal.com/" target="_blank" rel="external">http://www.chinaimportal.com/</a></li><li><a href="http://www.versapak-int.co.uk/index.php" target="_blank" rel="external">Versapak</a></li><li><a href="http://www.lotus-bag.com.tw/index.php?lang=en" target="_blank" rel="external">Lotus Bag - Specialized Bicycle Bags Manufacturer-Home</a></li><li><a href="http://www.lastusbag.com/index.html" target="_blank" rel="external">Last US Bag Company - Home</a></li><li><a href="http://www.lloydbag.com/" target="_blank" rel="external">Bag Supplier &amp; Manufacturer Ontario, Canada – Lloyd Bag Company</a></li><li><a href="http://www.bearseusa.com/" target="_blank" rel="external">Contract Sewing for Custom Bags &amp; Backpacks for Industrial and Military Use - Bearse USA</a></li><li><a href="https://www.everlane.com/factories/leather-bags" target="_blank" rel="external">The Leather Bag Factory – Everlane</a></li><li><a href="https://www.everlane.com/" target="_blank" rel="external">Modern Basics. Radical Transparency. – Everlane</a></li><li><a href="http://www.rosewholesale.com/" target="_blank" rel="external">Wholesale Clothing, Cheap Clothes Online, Discount Clothing Shop - Rosewholesale.com</a></li><li><a href="http://www.bagmanufacturer.com/index.html" target="_blank" rel="external">Bag Manufacturer - China Bag Factory - Yullex Manufacturing Co. China</a></li><li><a href="http://www.bag-factory.fr/" target="_blank" rel="external">Sac eastpak: Bag factory, vente valise delsey et samsonite, sac a dos eastpak et sac à main thierry mugler</a></li><li><a href="http://www.bagmanufacturer.com/aboutus.html" target="_blank" rel="external">About Us - Yullex Bag Manufacturer in China</a></li><li><a href="http://www.bagmanufacturer.com/aboutus.html" target="_blank" rel="external">About Us - Yullex Bag Manufacturer in China</a></li><li><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/20140723023601-273770696-samples-making-handbag-factory-custom-made-bags" target="_blank" rel="external">SAMPLES MAKING – HANDBAG FACTORY,CUSTOM MADE BAGS</a></li></ul><h2 id="Linkedin"><a href="#Linkedin" class="headerlink" title="Linkedin"></a>Linkedin</h2><ul><li><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/pub/bag-leather-products-manufacture-china/77/828/148?trk=pulse-det-athr_prof-art_hdr" target="_blank" rel="external">Bag&amp;Leather products Manufacture (China)</a></li></ul><h2 id="Customers"><a href="#Customers" class="headerlink" title="Customers"></a>Customers</h2><ul><li><a href="http://www.sanait-bag.com/" target="_blank" rel="external">Chinese professional bags manufacturer,China good quality bag factory-Sanait Bag Co.,Ltd</a></li><li><a href="http://www.gzdreamway.net/" target="_blank" rel="external">Bag factory in china,leather bag,bag supplier,handbag manufacturer</a></li><li><a href="http://hockbag.com/index.html" target="_blank" rel="external">HOCK Bag: The Best Bag Manufacturing Company in China</a></li><li><a href="http://www.landsend.com/" target="_blank" rel="external">Lands’ End</a></li><li><a href="http://ogio.com/" target="_blank" rel="external">OGIO : Golf, Backpacks, Travel Luggage</a></li><li><a href="http://www.511tactical.com/bags-packs.html" target="_blank" rel="external">Shop Tactical Bags - Duffel, Range Bags &amp; Packs</a></li><li><a href="http://www.timbuk2.com/customizer" target="_blank" rel="external">Custom Bags &amp; Messenger Bags - Design Your Own Backpack</a></li><li><a href="http://gregorypacks.com/" target="_blank" rel="external">Gregory Mountain Products</a></li><li><a href="http://www.vaude.com/de-DE/Produkte/Rucksaecke/#" target="_blank" rel="external">VAUDE</a></li><li><a href="http://www.badlandspacks.com/gear/packs" target="_blank" rel="external">Badlands Hunting Packs</a></li><li><a href="http://www.betseyjohnson.com/home.jsp" target="_blank" rel="external">Shop Betsey Johnson Dresses, Shoes, Handbags, Accesories &amp; more!</a></li><li><a href="http://shop.herschelsupply.com/collections/backpacks" target="_blank" rel="external">Backpacks</a></li><li><a href="http://www.hippieshop.com/cgi-bin/gold/category.cgi?category=7000" target="_blank" rel="external">Hippie Bags at discount prices from HippieShop.com</a></li><li><a href="https://www.incase.com/" target="_blank" rel="external">Best Laptop Backpacks</a></li><li><a href="http://www.rei.com/" target="_blank" rel="external">REI – Top-Brand Clothing, Gear, Footwear and Expert Advice for All Your Outdoor Adventures - REI.com</a></li><li><a href="http://www.karrimor.com/" target="_blank" rel="external">Karrimor</a></li><li><a href="http://www.ems.com/" target="_blank" rel="external">Eastern Mountain Sports</a></li><li><a href="http://www.mammut.ch/store/INT/en" target="_blank" rel="external">Mammut</a></li><li><a href="http://www.victorinox.com/global/en" target="_blank" rel="external">Victorinox International</a></li><li><a href="http://www.condoroutdoor.com/" target="_blank" rel="external">Condor Outdoor Products - Elite Tactical Gear for Military and Law Enforcement</a></li><li><a href="http://www.condoroutdoor.com/" target="_blank" rel="external">Condor Outdoor Products - Elite Tactical Gear for Military and Law Enforcement</a></li><li><a href="http://www.over-board.co.uk/" target="_blank" rel="external">Waterproof Bag – Waterproof Case – Waterproof Bags – Dry Bag</a></li><li><a href="http://hedgren.com/" target="_blank" rel="external">Home - Hedgren</a></li><li><a href="http://www.footlocker.com/" target="_blank" rel="external">Sneakers - Athletic Shoes</a></li><li><a href="https://www.kelty.com/" target="_blank" rel="external">Kelty</a></li><li><a href="http://www.ospreypacks.com/" target="_blank" rel="external">Osprey Packs, Inc :2015: Official Site</a></li><li><a href="http://www.vans.com" target="_blank" rel="external">http://www.vans.com</a></li><li><a href="http://targus.com/us/backpacks" target="_blank" rel="external">Backpacks</a></li><li><a href="https://www.caselogic.com/en-us/us/products/laptop/backpacks/prevailer-backpack-_-prev_-_117_-_black" target="_blank" rel="external">Prevailer Backpack - Case Logic</a></li><li><a href="http://targus.com/" target="_blank" rel="external">http://targus.com/</a></li><li><a href="http://www.currys.co.uk/" target="_blank" rel="external">http://www.currys.co.uk/</a></li><li><a href="http://www.saddlebackleather.com/" target="_blank" rel="external">Saddleback Leather Co. : Leather Bags, Briefcases &amp; Luggage for Men &amp; Women</a></li><li><a href="http://mattandnat.com/shop/handbags/briefcases" target="_blank" rel="external">Shop Vegan Briefcases</a></li><li><a href="http://www.dakine.com/p/backpacks-and-gear/lifestyle-bags/backpacks/trek-26l-16w" target="_blank" rel="external">Dakine Backpacks and Gear : Trek 26L 16w</a></li></ul><h3 id="Diaper-Bags"><a href="#Diaper-Bags" class="headerlink" title="Diaper Bags"></a>Diaper Bags</h3><ul><li><a href="https://www.skiphop.com/product/studioselectdiaperbag.html" target="_blank" rel="external">Skip Hop Studio Select Diaper Satchel</a></li><li><a href="http://jjcolecollections.com/" target="_blank" rel="external">JJ Cole Collections</a></li><li><a href="https://www.etsy.com/c/vintage/bags-and-purses/luggage-and-travel/duffel-bags?ref=catnav" target="_blank" rel="external">Vintage Duffel Bags – Etsy</a></li><li><a href="http://www.buybuybaby.com/store/category/gear-travel/diaper-bags/messenger-crossbody-bags/32037/" target="_blank" rel="external">Shop Messenger Bag, Messenger Diaper Bag - buybuyBaby.com</a></li><li><a href="http://www.rosewholesale.com/cheap-online/bags-c3/" target="_blank" rel="external">Bags For Women, Buy Cool And Fashion Cheap Bags Wholesale Online</a></li><li><a href="https://www.incase.com/" target="_blank" rel="external">Best Laptop Backpacks</a></li></ul><h3 id="Backpacks"><a href="#Backpacks" class="headerlink" title="Backpacks"></a>Backpacks</h3><ul><li><a href="http://ogio.com/" target="_blank" rel="external">OGIO : Golf, Backpacks, Travel Luggage</a></li><li><a href="http://www.ospreypacks.com/" target="_blank" rel="external">Osprey Packs, Inc :2015: Official Site</a></li><li><a href="http://www.the-house.com/snowboard-packs.html" target="_blank" rel="external">On Sale Snowboard Backpacks - Packs - The-House.com</a></li></ul><h3 id="Business-Bags"><a href="#Business-Bags" class="headerlink" title="Business Bags"></a>Business Bags</h3><ul><li><a href="http://www.knomobags.com/usa/bags/" target="_blank" rel="external">Bags</a></li></ul><h3 id="Handbags"><a href="#Handbags" class="headerlink" title="Handbags"></a>Handbags</h3><ul><li><a href="https://www.skiphop.com/product/studioselectdiaperbag.html" target="_blank" rel="external">Skip Hop Studio Select Diaper Satchel</a></li></ul>]]></content>
    
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        &lt;h2 id=&quot;参考网站&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;#参考网站&quot; class=&quot;headerlink&quot; title=&quot;参考网站&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;参考网站&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fetonled.com/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; rel=&quot;exte
      
    
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      <category term="Bag" scheme="http://blog.inesoi.com/categories/Bag/"/>
    
    
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  <entry>
    <title>Google SEO Tools</title>
    <link href="http://blog.inesoi.com/seo-tools.html"/>
    <id>http://blog.inesoi.com/seo-tools.html</id>
    <published>2015-08-23T16:00:00.000Z</published>
    <updated>2018-08-19T10:09:33.802Z</updated>
    
    <content type="html"><![CDATA[<ul><li>WireFrame 网站架构图。<a href="https://gomockingbird.com/" target="_blank" rel="external">https://gomockingbird.com/</a></li><li><a href="http://ask.imiker.com/question/224" target="_blank" rel="external">资源召集帖:米课tool系列之外的好工具 - 米课问答</a></li></ul><h2 id="Google-站长工具"><a href="#Google-站长工具" class="headerlink" title="Google 站长工具"></a>Google 站长工具</h2><p>MR HUA 认为谷歌站长工具只是提供一些参考数据，要辅助其他的工具才能做更深入的分析。</p><h2 id="Google-Sandbox-沙盒"><a href="#Google-Sandbox-沙盒" class="headerlink" title="Google Sandbox(沙盒)"></a>Google Sandbox(沙盒)</h2><p>对于新的网站，上线后会进入沙盒期，可以理解为 Google 对网站的审核期。验证方式为增加网站的 Title，但还是没有排名。</p><p>为了加快审核，可以尝试如下方法：</p><ul><li>保持有节奏的内容更新。</li><li>使用比较流行的 CMS，如 WordPress。不要经常变更主题，可以延长审核期，甚至降低排名。</li><li>不要轻易改变网站的链接。</li><li>不要轻易变更网站的 Title。</li><li>增加健康的链接，如 SNS 上的链接。</li></ul><h2 id="LOGO"><a href="#LOGO" class="headerlink" title="LOGO"></a>LOGO</h2><ul><li><a href="http://www.logogenie.net" target="_blank" rel="external">http://www.logogenie.net</a></li><li><a href="http://designmantic.com" target="_blank" rel="external">http://designmantic.com</a></li><li><a href="http://www.graphicsprings.com" target="_blank" rel="external">http://www.graphicsprings.com</a></li></ul><h2 id="Mozbar-Authority"><a href="#Mozbar-Authority" class="headerlink" title="Mozbar(Authority)"></a>Mozbar(Authority)</h2><ul><li>PA(Page Authority)：代表页面权重。</li><li>mR: link 的质量。</li><li>DA(Domain Authoriry): 域名的权重。</li></ul><h3 id="PR-vs-Authority"><a href="#PR-vs-Authority" class="headerlink" title="PR vs. Authority"></a>PR vs. Authority</h3><ul><li>PR</li><li>PA 页面权重。</li><li>DA 越强，对关键词排名越有利。 DA 代表整个网站的权重。</li></ul><h2 id="外链分析"><a href="#外链分析" class="headerlink" title="外链分析"></a>外链分析</h2><p>通过以下工具来分析某个网站的外部链接。在必要的时候可以跟这些外部链接的网站或者国外的 SEOER 合作，合理做外部链接。</p><ul><li><a href="http://www.opensiteexplorer.org" target="_blank" rel="external">http://www.opensiteexplorer.org</a></li><li><a href="http://ahref.com" target="_blank" rel="external">http://ahref.com</a></li></ul><h3 id="外链成长策略分析"><a href="#外链成长策略分析" class="headerlink" title="外链成长策略分析"></a>外链成长策略分析</h3><p>通过 <a href="http://majesticseo.com" target="_blank" rel="external">http://majesticseo.com</a> 中的 Backlink History 查看链接的增长，也可以查看和竞争对手对比数据。</p><h3 id="社交策略分析"><a href="#社交策略分析" class="headerlink" title="社交策略分析"></a>社交策略分析</h3><p>可以试图找到以下几个问题的答案：</p><ul><li>Do they have social platforms such as Twitter, Facebook, and Google+ linked to  from their website?</li><li>Are they actively speaking to their users on these platforms? What are they saying? How are they handling negative facebook?</li><li>What content do they promote on their platforms? Is it their own or other websites as well?</li><li>Is their content beging shared socially?</li></ul><h3 id="Content-Strategy"><a href="#Content-Strategy" class="headerlink" title="Content Strategy"></a>Content Strategy</h3><p>可以试图回答以下问题：</p><ol><li>Does the site have user-generated content, such as product reviews?</li><li>Does the site have a blog? If so, what type of content is on the blog?</li><li>Does it have an active community engaging with the blog? On average, how many social shares of comments does the blog generate and what type of content was the most popular?</li><li>What type of content/resource does the site have on the page?</li><li>White Paper, FAQ, News, Guides, Infographics, BBS, Video。</li></ol><h3 id="Disavow-links"><a href="#Disavow-links" class="headerlink" title="Disavow links"></a>Disavow links</h3><p>通过 Google 的 Disavow Tools 工具可以拒绝外链。指向网站的的外链可以通过 Google Master Tool/搜索流量/指向您网站的链接 中查看。</p><h2 id="流量分析"><a href="#流量分析" class="headerlink" title="流量分析"></a>流量分析</h2><ul><li><a href="http://www.alexa.com/" target="_blank" rel="external">Alexa - Actionable Analytics for the Web</a></li></ul><h2 id="自由职业者"><a href="#自由职业者" class="headerlink" title="自由职业者"></a>自由职业者</h2><ul><li><a href="http://elance.com" target="_blank" rel="external">http://elance.com</a></li><li><a href="http://odesk.com" target="_blank" rel="external">http://odesk.com</a></li></ul><h2 id="Form"><a href="#Form" class="headerlink" title="Form"></a>Form</h2><ul><li><a href="http://ask.imiker.com/question/3978" target="_blank" rel="external">换掉你的Wufoo! - 米课问答</a></li></ul><h2 id="Mail"><a href="#Mail" class="headerlink" title="Mail"></a>Mail</h2><ul><li><a href="http://www.mailtester.com/testmail.php" target="_blank" rel="external">MailTester.com</a></li></ul>]]></content>
    
    <summary type="html">
    
      
      
        &lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;WireFrame 网站架构图。&lt;a href=&quot;https://gomockingbird.com/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; rel=&quot;external&quot;&gt;https://gomockingbird.com/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href
      
    
    </summary>
    
      <category term="Marketing" scheme="http://blog.inesoi.com/categories/Marketing/"/>
    
    
      <category term="google" scheme="http://blog.inesoi.com/tags/google/"/>
    
      <category term="seo" scheme="http://blog.inesoi.com/tags/seo/"/>
    
      <category term="tool" scheme="http://blog.inesoi.com/tags/tool/"/>
    
  </entry>
  
  <entry>
    <title>Google SEO Keywords</title>
    <link href="http://blog.inesoi.com/seo-keywords.html"/>
    <id>http://blog.inesoi.com/seo-keywords.html</id>
    <published>2015-08-22T16:00:00.000Z</published>
    <updated>2018-08-19T10:09:33.802Z</updated>
    
    <content type="html"><![CDATA[<h2 id="Keywords-Research"><a href="#Keywords-Research" class="headerlink" title="Keywords Research"></a>Keywords Research</h2><p>通过对关键字的调研，我们可以：</p><p>优化关键词，找出给我们带来最大流量，最大转化的关键词。</p><ul><li>Content Ideas。通过 GA、Google Planner、Tool 搜集关键词，并进行分类，可能产生一些内容。</li><li>Link Building。可以通过关键词优化 Anchor Text + Content Page。</li><li>Structure。可以根据关键词优化网站的导航结构，如把 Toys 分类为 5-7 Toys, 2-3 Toys。</li><li>On Page SEO。根据关键词分析，优化页面的 Title、Description、Detail 等。</li><li>Summary。扩充品类的分裂。</li></ul><h2 id="3-Demension-Keywords-Reserch"><a href="#3-Demension-Keywords-Reserch" class="headerlink" title="3-Demension Keywords Reserch"></a>3-Demension Keywords Reserch</h2><ul><li>Google Trends。时间维度。判断关键词的时间维度。判断关键词在某个时间段内关键词的搜索趋势。</li><li>Google Planner。Peaple Volumn，用户搜索量。</li><li>Index <competition>。Google 收入的页面量，以及竞争对手的分析，如 DA 和 PA 的值。</competition></li></ul><p>根据这几个维度：</p><ul><li>如果 Trends⬆，搜索量⬆，Indexed⬇️，则可以通过长尾关键字做页面带来自然流量。</li><li>如果 Trends⬆，搜索量⬇️，Indexed➡️⬇️，可以使用 Adwords，同事也可以根据情况做 SEO。</li><li>如果 Trends⬆➡️⬇，搜索量⬆，Indexed⬆（&gt;5kw），说明这个词非常有商业价值，SEO 可能比较难。</li></ul><h2 id="Types-of-Keywords"><a href="#Types-of-Keywords" class="headerlink" title="Types of Keywords"></a>Types of Keywords</h2><ul><li>Informational 信息类关键词。如 南京地铁怎么走？</li><li>Trasactional 交易类信息，如 Cheap toys。</li><li>Branded 品牌类关键词。如米课。</li></ul><p>80% 以上的关键词是长尾关键词，通过对新词的分析，可以发现新的商机，带来新的流量和不错的转换。</p><h2 id="Tools"><a href="#Tools" class="headerlink" title="Tools"></a>Tools</h2><h3 id="关键字规划师"><a href="#关键字规划师" class="headerlink" title="关键字规划师"></a>关键字规划师</h3><h3 id="Google-Trends-谷歌趋势"><a href="#Google-Trends-谷歌趋势" class="headerlink" title="Google Trends(谷歌趋势)"></a>Google Trends(谷歌趋势)</h3><p>如果 Google Trends 的走势是波形图，那么可以在波谷的时候准备，在趋势网上走的时候加大广告投入，和别人竞争。</p><h3 id="关键词工具"><a href="#关键词工具" class="headerlink" title="关键词工具"></a>关键词工具</h3><ul><li><a href="https://toolsv6.seotoolset.com" target="_blank" rel="external">https://toolsv6.seotoolset.com</a></li><li><a href="http://www.keywordspy.com/" target="_blank" rel="external">http://www.keywordspy.com/</a></li></ul><h3 id="长尾关键词工具"><a href="#长尾关键词工具" class="headerlink" title="长尾关键词工具"></a>长尾关键词工具</h3><p><a href="http://ubersuggest.org" target="_blank" rel="external">http://ubersuggest.org</a></p><h3 id="链接分析工具"><a href="#链接分析工具" class="headerlink" title="链接分析工具"></a>链接分析工具</h3><ul><li>Chrome 插件 Open SEO Stats</li><li><a href="https://zh.majestic.com/" target="_blank" rel="external">Majestic®：营销搜索引擎和 SEO 反向链接检查器</a></li><li>Screaming Frog SEO Spider 检查 SEO 工具。</li></ul><h2 id="关键词案例"><a href="#关键词案例" class="headerlink" title="关键词案例"></a>关键词案例</h2><h3 id="Six-Question-to-ask-for-your-ideas"><a href="#Six-Question-to-ask-for-your-ideas" class="headerlink" title="Six Question to ask for your ideas"></a>Six Question to ask for your ideas</h3><p>挖掘关键词之前，可以回答以下六个问题：</p><ol><li><p>What is core business of your websites? 核心商业。以 Mocha.co.nz 为例。</p><p> Provides quiality kids furniture, stylish, trendy mocha furniture, with expanding business in home decor products.</p></li><li><p>How does your business make money?</p><p> Sell mocha brand product line such as baby feeding products, ourdoor and indoor kids stuff and balance bike.</p></li><li><p>What products/service you offer?</p><p> We offer baby highchairs, baby change table, baby cot kids bed, kids furniture, been bags, block trolley, ride on toys, scooter, balance bike and we also offer trendy home furnitures for adult.</p></li><li><p>describe your ideal customer or target market</p><p> mostly hoursewife, young couple, and peaple who like trendy furniture to decor their house.</p></li><li><p>what is your product application?</p><p> most peaple buy our products for their newborn baby and kids, some buy for their house decor and few buy for gifts to their friends and family.</p></li></ol><h3 id="关键词列表"><a href="#关键词列表" class="headerlink" title="关键词列表"></a>关键词列表</h3><p>根据以上六个问题，可以组件以下关键词：</p><p>根据第一个问题：</p><ul><li>quality kid furniture</li><li>trendy kid furniture</li><li>stylish kid furniture</li><li>home decor products</li></ul><p>第二个问题：</p><ul><li>mocha kids furniture</li><li>baby feeding product</li><li>outdoor kids product</li><li>indoor kids product</li><li>balance bike</li></ul><p>第三个问题：</p><ul><li>highchair</li><li>baby change table</li><li>baby cot</li><li>kids bed</li><li>kids furniture</li><li>bean bags</li><li>block trolley</li><li>ride on toys</li><li>kids scooter</li><li>adult furniture</li><li>home furniture</li></ul><p>第四个问题：</p><ul><li>gifts for young peaple</li><li>gifts for housewife</li><li>gists for newborn baby</li><li>gifts for newborn kids</li><li>gits for home decor</li></ul><p>…</p><h3 id="产品类目"><a href="#产品类目" class="headerlink" title="产品类目"></a>产品类目</h3><ul><li>kids furniture</li><li>indoor furniture</li><li>outdoor furniture</li><li>baby products</li><li>gitfs</li><li>home decor</li></ul><p>将相应的关键词分配产品类目下。</p><h3 id="利用-GA-扩大关键词列表"><a href="#利用-GA-扩大关键词列表" class="headerlink" title="利用 GA 扩大关键词列表"></a>利用 GA 扩大关键词列表</h3><p>使用 Google Adwords 扩充关键词。如在 GA 中搜索 baby feeding, high chair, baby change table, baby bot 可以得到一系列的关键词。</p><h3 id="利用关键词构思广告"><a href="#利用关键词构思广告" class="headerlink" title="利用关键词构思广告"></a>利用关键词构思广告</h3><p>Ads Ideas:</p><p>Why buy in Kids furniture Store?</p><ul><li>Save your time, buy Online from Mocha</li><li>Starts from $99 </li><li>Free delivery in NZ</li></ul><p>Blog Ideas:</p><ul><li>H1: 10 must buy furniture when design your kid room.</li><li>H2: Your kids will thank you and always remember.</li></ul><p>Promotion:</p><ul><li>50% off on all kids furniture, Last Day!</li><li>Prepare to pay MUST more if you miss this sale!</li></ul><p>Product Ideas:</p><ul><li>Get this product line</li></ul><p>Landing Page Ideas:</p>]]></content>
    
    <summary type="html">
    
      
      
        &lt;h2 id=&quot;Keywords-Research&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;#Keywords-Research&quot; class=&quot;headerlink&quot; title=&quot;Keywords Research&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;Keywords Research&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;通过对关键字的调研，
      
    
    </summary>
    
      <category term="Marketing" scheme="http://blog.inesoi.com/categories/Marketing/"/>
    
    
      <category term="google" scheme="http://blog.inesoi.com/tags/google/"/>
    
      <category term="seo" scheme="http://blog.inesoi.com/tags/seo/"/>
    
  </entry>
  
  <entry>
    <title>Google SEO Page Optimization</title>
    <link href="http://blog.inesoi.com/seo-page-optimization.html"/>
    <id>http://blog.inesoi.com/seo-page-optimization.html</id>
    <published>2015-08-21T16:00:00.000Z</published>
    <updated>2018-08-19T10:09:33.802Z</updated>
    
    <content type="html"><![CDATA[<ul><li><a href="https://moz.com/blog/visual-guide-to-keyword-targeting-onpage-optimization" target="_blank" rel="external">A Visual Guide to Keyword Targeting and On-Page SEO - Moz</a></li><li><a href="http://backlinko.com/on-page-seo" target="_blank" rel="external">On-Page SEO: Anatomy of a Perfectly Optimized Page</a></li></ul><h3 id="网页标题规则-Page-Title"><a href="#网页标题规则-Page-Title" class="headerlink" title="网页标题规则 Page Title"></a>网页标题规则 Page Title</h3><ul><li>由 50-55 个字母组成</li><li>搜索关键词靠前和在标题中的占比较大有利于排名优化。</li><li>标题要人性化，避免关键词堆砌。</li><li>避免 <code>Welcome to our official ...</code> 在标题中出现。</li></ul><h3 id="Meta-Description"><a href="#Meta-Description" class="headerlink" title="Meta Description"></a>Meta Description</h3><p>Meta Keywords 的不影响 Google 排名。Meta Descript 也不会直接影响排名，但会影响 CTR(点击率)，间接影响排名。</p><pre><code>Description -&gt; CTR(LP, Design) -&gt; Convertion/Goal</code></pre><h3 id="Heading"><a href="#Heading" class="headerlink" title="Heading"></a>Heading</h3><pre><code>&lt;h1&gt;Balance bike for Kids&lt;/h1&gt;</code></pre><h3 id="Image"><a href="#Image" class="headerlink" title="Image"></a>Image</h3><pre><code>&lt;img src=&quot;image url&quot; alt=&quot;alt of image&quot;&gt;</code></pre><p><code>alt</code> 为 alternative 的缩写，让图面能够被搜索引擎收入。</p><ul><li><filename>.jpg</filename></li><li>ALT</li><li>Nearby Text</li><li>Anchor Text</li><li>Highlight - Bold, Italic</li><li>Size，不宜太大</li></ul><h3 id="Page-Rank"><a href="#Page-Rank" class="headerlink" title="Page Rank"></a>Page Rank</h3><ul><li>PR, Page Rank</li><li>Static Rank(Microsoft)</li><li>Webrank(Yahoo)</li><li>MozRank(Linkscape’s) 用来取代 PR 值，目前普遍使用这个工具。可以 Chrome Web Store 下载。</li></ul><p>可以通过 <a href="http://www.prchecker.net" target="_blank" rel="external">http://www.prchecker.net</a> 或者 <a href="http://www.aizhan.com" target="_blank" rel="external">http://www.aizhan.com</a> 查看网站的 PR。目前买卖链接已无意义，PR 从 2013 年后停止更新。</p><h3 id="锚文本"><a href="#锚文本" class="headerlink" title="锚文本"></a>锚文本</h3><pre><code>&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.baidu.com&quot;&gt;Anchor Text&lt;/a&gt;</code></pre><p>锚文本的匹配：</p><ol><li>Extract Match，完全匹配。如 Balance Bike</li><li>Partial Match，部分匹配。如 kids bike, kids learning bike</li><li>Branded，使用皮牌做锚文本。如 Mocha。</li><li>Random，随机的。如 clich me, Get this One Today.</li><li>URL Match，URL 匹配，如 mocha.com</li></ol><p>对于目前的搜索引擎而言，大概 30% 使用 Extract Match 和 Partial Match 的锚文本，70% 使用 Brand 和 Random 的锚文本。</p><h3 id="关键词-Keywords"><a href="#关键词-Keywords" class="headerlink" title="关键词(Keywords)"></a>关键词(Keywords)</h3><p>关键词分为主关键词(Main Keywords)和长尾关键词(Longtail Keywords)，主关键词的竞争比较大，长尾关键词通常由三个以上的词组组成。</p><p>主关键词的特点：</p><ul><li>High Competition</li><li>Low Conversion</li></ul><p>长尾关键词的特点：</p><ul><li>Low Competition</li><li>High Convertion</li></ul><p>在 Google 中可以通过 Google 索引量来判断搜索词的竞争力(Competition)。通过 Google Planner 来判断搜索词的商业价值(Commercial Value)。竞争度大商业价值不一定高，如 <code>click here</code>。</p><p>主关键词一般是一个 Sentence，而非关键词的堆砌。在主页中，Title, H1, 正文，甚至图片的 ALT 都要出现主关键词。</p><p>长尾关键词可以用于：</p><ul><li>Google Adwords。</li><li>WebPage，如主页、内页。</li><li>可以使用关键词工具、Google Analytics 来分析关键词。</li></ul><h3 id="Keywords-Buying-Cycle"><a href="#Keywords-Buying-Cycle" class="headerlink" title="Keywords Buying Cycle"></a>Keywords Buying Cycle</h3><p>Attention   -&gt;      Intrest     -&gt;      Desire      -&gt;          Action</p><p>iphone5 -&gt; iphone5 vs iphone4 -&gt; is iphone5 worth purchase -&gt; purchase iphone5 online china</p><h3 id="nofollow"><a href="#nofollow" class="headerlink" title="nofollow"></a>nofollow</h3><figure class="highlight html"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line"><span class="comment">&lt;!-- 用于链接 --&gt;</span></div><div class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">a</span> <span class="attr">href</span>=<span class="string">""</span> <span class="attr">rel</span>=<span class="string">"nofollow"</span>&gt;</span><span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">a</span>&gt;</span></div><div class="line"></div><div class="line"><span class="comment">&lt;!-- 用于页面。告知搜索引擎，无需抓取本页面，分散权重。也可以设置 content="noindex" 告知搜索引擎不要收录。 --&gt;</span></div><div class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">meta</span> <span class="attr">name</span>=<span class="string">"robots"</span> <span class="attr">content</span>=<span class="string">"nofollow"</span> /&gt;</span></div></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p>noflow 作用是告知搜索引擎不用把当前页的权重分散给指定的链接，不要对指定的链接投票。对于外链（如广告、外链内容）或者内容不丰富(不重要)的链接可以使用 noframe，避免分散页面的权重。具体应用于：</p><ul><li>Paid Link</li><li>Content not trust（或者不想分散链接）</li><li>Comments of Blog</li><li>Form</li><li>Login</li><li>文章归档</li></ul><p>See <a href="http://www.dx.com" target="_blank" rel="external">http://www.dx.com</a></p><p>主页的权重最大，但是内容丰富的内页，如产品页面应，主页应该分配这类链接权重。</p><p>Nofollow  Links 插件可以罗列网站的所有外部链接，通过 Links/Nofollow Links 可以设置外链是否需要设置为 nofollow。</p><p>Platinum SEO 插件中可以设置文章归档、文章分类、Login、Register、关键词云等链接为 nofollow。</p><p>noindex 主要用于：</p><ul><li>Duplicated Page</li><li>Email Promotion</li><li>Goal Page/Form，如 imiker.com/thanks.html，设置为 noindex。因为该页面被搜索引擎收入，不利于统计转换率。</li><li>Others</li></ul><h3 id="Sitemap"><a href="#Sitemap" class="headerlink" title="Sitemap"></a>Sitemap</h3><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div><div class="line">6</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">User-agent: *</div><div class="line">Allow: /</div><div class="line">Disallow: /index3.php</div><div class="line">Disallow: /new/*.php</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line">Sitemap: http://www.imiker.com/sitemap.xml</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p>See <a href="http://www.imiker.com/sitemap.xml" target="_blank" rel="external">http://www.imiker.com/sitemap.xml</a> 。</p><p>上传到站长工具的 Sitemap 文件不能超过 50k 条，文件大小不能超过 10M。</p><ol><li>可以使用 <a href="http://www.web-site-map.com" target="_blank" rel="external">http://www.web-site-map.com</a> 制作 Sitemap，但是限制在 500 条一下。也可以使用 WordPress 插件。</li><li>上传 sitemap.xml 到站点根目录</li><li>Google Master Tool，提交 Sitemap 文件。</li></ol><p>通过 Google Master Tools 可以查看收录情况：</p><ul><li>indexed</li><li>submited</li></ul><p>如果这两个数据出路比较大，说明 Google 并没有收入网站的所有页面，则可能是因为网站结构可能有问题，路径太深，也可能是 Robots 文件的误操作。</p><p>对于大站点如果页面没有全部被收入，则可以尝试以下方法：</p><ol><li>广度优先。分别把每层链接制作成 sitemap 文件，添加到 robots 中。</li><li>深度优先。可以把二级导航作为一棵数，分别制作 sitemap，添加到 robots 中。</li><li>添加只把没有收入的页面添加到 Sitemap，添加到 robots 中。</li></ol><p>对于 Sitemap.xml 文件，不一定非得是严格的 xml 格式，也可以是链接列表。</p><h3 id="重复内容解决方案"><a href="#重复内容解决方案" class="headerlink" title="重复内容解决方案"></a>重复内容解决方案</h3><p>如 <a href="http://www.inesoi.com" target="_blank" rel="external">http://www.inesoi.com</a>、<a href="http://inesoi.com" target="_blank" rel="external">http://inesoi.com</a> 、<a href="http://inesoi.com/index.php" target="_blank" rel="external">http://inesoi.com/index.php</a> 等对应的都是主页，如果没有做 301 等处理，就会造成重复页面。</p><p>解决方法：</p><ul><li>301 重定向。如果我们期望主域名是 <a href="http://www.inesoi.com" target="_blank" rel="external">http://www.inesoi.com</a>，其他的域名都应该 301 重定向到到这个域名。【推荐】</li><li>Webmaster Tool。Setting/Site Setting，可以设置目标市场，主域名，不过需要把其他的域名也加入到站长工具中。</li></ul><p>在域名更换的时候，主域名和所有内页的都需要重定向。</p><p>对于 Tags 或者 Categories，也可能导致重复页面。通常不建议使用 Tags。如：<br><a href="http://www.inesoi.com/tt/faqs.com" target="_blank" rel="external">http://www.inesoi.com/tt/faqs.com</a> 和 <a href="http://www.inesoi.com/faqs.com" target="_blank" rel="external">http://www.inesoi.com/faqs.com</a> 就是重复页面。解决办法是使用 robos 文件，为内页添加相应的 noindex/nofollow。</p><p>做网站内容时，我们通常可以做行业内的 checklist，如 How to Import Oil Painting in China 或 Checklist of Importing Oil Paiting in China。如：</p><ul><li>Canvas Material 画布材料</li><li>Who Paint it?</li><li>Copyright</li><li>Packing</li><li>Services</li></ul><p>对于这样的内容，我们可以提供打印功能，有利于吸引用户。打印页面和原页面可能导致重复页面，如 <www.example.com how-to-import=""> 和 <www.example.com how-to-import="" print="">。解决方案为：</www.example.com></www.example.com></p><ul><li>在 print 页面中设置 meta 为 noindex。</li><li>在页面中添加 <code>rel=Canonical</code>。</li></ul>]]></content>
    
    <summary type="html">
    
      
      
        &lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://moz.com/blog/visual-guide-to-keyword-targeting-onpage-optimization&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; rel=&quot;external&quot;&gt;A Visual Guide 
      
    
    </summary>
    
      <category term="Marketing" scheme="http://blog.inesoi.com/categories/Marketing/"/>
    
    
      <category term="google" scheme="http://blog.inesoi.com/tags/google/"/>
    
      <category term="seo" scheme="http://blog.inesoi.com/tags/seo/"/>
    
  </entry>
  
  <entry>
    <title>Google SEO Site</title>
    <link href="http://blog.inesoi.com/fs-site.html"/>
    <id>http://blog.inesoi.com/fs-site.html</id>
    <published>2015-08-20T16:00:00.000Z</published>
    <updated>2018-08-19T10:09:33.801Z</updated>
    
    <content type="html"><![CDATA[<h2 id="N-1"><a href="#N-1" class="headerlink" title="N + 1"></a>N + 1</h2><p>1 ＝ 网站</p><p>N ＝ </p><ul><li>Fair(广交会)</li></ul><ul><li>EDM </li><li>B2B(Ali/MIC/GS) </li><li>SEO/SEM/Google</li><li>SNS(Facebook/Twitter/Linkedin)</li><li>PPC:Adwords</li><li>Video</li><li>Data</li><li>Others(Blog)</li></ul><h2 id="B2B-vs-Fair-Exhibition-vs-Your-Own-Websites"><a href="#B2B-vs-Fair-Exhibition-vs-Your-Own-Websites" class="headerlink" title="B2B vs Fair(Exhibition) vs Your Own Websites"></a>B2B vs Fair(Exhibition) vs Your Own Websites</h2><p>Buyer 寻找流程：</p><p>Buyer </p><ol><li>-&gt; Google(如 china bags manufacturer) -&gt; Alibaba -&gt; You</li><li>-&gt; Google -&gt; You</li><li>-&gt; Fair</li><li>-&gt; B2B(Alibaba) -&gt; You</li></ol><h2 id="Free-SEO-Paid-SEO"><a href="#Free-SEO-Paid-SEO" class="headerlink" title="Free SEO / Paid SEO"></a>Free SEO / Paid SEO</h2><h2 id="独立共享-IP"><a href="#独立共享-IP" class="headerlink" title="独立共享 IP"></a>独立共享 IP</h2><p>默认情况下，网站的 IP 都是共享的，可以支付额外的费用来购买独立 IP，独立 IP 有利于提高网站的速度，不会受同一个 IP 下的其他网站的不良影响。</p><p>可以在 <a href="http://bing.com" target="_blank" rel="external">http://bing.com</a> 下通过 <code>bing:ip</code> 来查看该 IP 下网站。</p><h2 id="网站速度"><a href="#网站速度" class="headerlink" title="网站速度"></a>网站速度</h2><p>可以通过以下方法查看和测试网站的速度：</p><ul><li>通过 Google Analytic 中的 Site Speed 查看网站的速度情况，包括域名解析速度，页面下载速度等。可以通过 Speed Suggestion 来查看 GA 针对网站的建议。</li><li><a href="http://webpagetest.org" target="_blank" rel="external">http://webpagetest.org</a> 可以测试网站的速度，并且可以和其他网站进行速度对比。</li><li><a href="http://tools.pingdom.com" target="_blank" rel="external">http://tools.pingdom.com</a></li></ul><h2 id="Domain"><a href="#Domain" class="headerlink" title="Domain"></a>Domain</h2><ul><li>TLD = Top Level Domain</li><li>CCTLD = Country Code Top Level Doamin。imiker.co.uk，imiker.us</li><li>gTLD = general TLD。如 .com，.net，.org</li></ul><h2 id="Site-Architect"><a href="#Site-Architect" class="headerlink" title="Site Architect"></a>Site Architect</h2><p>网站结构尽量扁平，内容不要太深。尽可能控制在 3 步以内。</p><h2 id="多语言-Multi-Language-Website"><a href="#多语言-Multi-Language-Website" class="headerlink" title="多语言 Multi-Language Website"></a>多语言 Multi-Language Website</h2><p>可以在 WebMaster 中设置站点的目标地理。</p><p>对于多语言网站，我们有如下选择：</p><ol><li>对于不同的国家有不同的网站(CCTLD)，如 samsung.com，samsung.jp，samsung.kr。</li><li>Sub-Domain，如 uk.imiker.com，de.imier.com，jp.imiker.com。</li><li>Sub-Folder，如 imiker.com/uk，imiker.com/jp</li></ol><p>从运营角度来看，影响站点排名的因素主要有：</p><ul><li>ccTLD Asiainspection.es(.com)</li><li>Geo Target</li><li>Location of Hosting</li><li>Business Phone, Address, Currency</li><li>Whois</li><li>hreflang</li></ul><p>综合考虑，二级域名是首选。</p><p>每种方案的优缺点为：</p><h3 id="CCTLD"><a href="#CCTLD" class="headerlink" title="CCTLD"></a>CCTLD</h3><p>Pro:</p><ul><li>在地理位置上有优势，Google 能够知道网站所在地。</li><li>Show up in Google</li><li>CTR(Click Thru Rate)</li></ul><p>Con:</p><ul><li>Link Equity Split 域名的权重被分散。</li><li>Brand New 全新的域名，需要长时间的 SEO。</li><li>Cost + more resource</li><li>You may not buy it.</li></ul><h3 id="Sub-Domain-gTLD"><a href="#Sub-Domain-gTLD" class="headerlink" title="Sub-Domain(gTLD)"></a>Sub-Domain(gTLD)</h3><p>Pro：</p><ul><li>easy to setup，可以使用 CMS 或者 WordPress。</li><li>host 可以使用独立的服务器或者空间。</li><li>Geotarget 告诉 Google 告知为针对的国家。</li></ul><p>Con:</p><ul><li>Link Equity 损失网站的权重，但是权重的 Trust(Domain Truct) 比较高。</li><li>相对在子目录，SEO Time 更长一些。</li><li>CTR 相对 CCTLD 低。</li></ul><h3 id="Sub-Folder"><a href="#Sub-Folder" class="headerlink" title="Sub Folder"></a>Sub Folder</h3><p>Pro:</p><ul><li>Link Equity/Link Building 较好的权重分散。</li><li>CMS 不同的目录中可以使用不同的程序。</li><li>Geotarget 也可以告知 Google 目录针对的国家。</li></ul><p>Conf:</p><ul><li>Server 只能在一个空间。不是使用靠近用户的原则。</li><li>Low CTR 相对是较低的。</li><li>Bad Structure。</li></ul><h2 id="搜索地理位置模拟"><a href="#搜索地理位置模拟" class="headerlink" title="搜索地理位置模拟"></a>搜索地理位置模拟</h2><p>使用工具 <a href="http://isearchfrom.com" target="_blank" rel="external">http://isearchfrom.com</a> 可以模拟地址位置，模拟在特定位置来搜索。</p><p>可以在页面中使用：</p><pre><code>&lt;meta name=&quot;geo.region&quot; content=&quot;AU&quot; /&gt;</code></pre><p>See <a href="http://firstbike.com.au" target="_blank" rel="external">http://firstbike.com.au</a></p><h2 id="Reference"><a href="#Reference" class="headerlink" title="Reference"></a>Reference</h2><ul><li><a href="http://show.test.wp300.com/" target="_blank" rel="external">ShowBox</a></li><li><a href="http://ask.imiker.com/question/6277" target="_blank" rel="external">学了米课后，我是这样建站的（希望老华别拍死我 :-D）…… - 米课问答</a></li><li><a href="http://www.js-sulong.com/" target="_blank" rel="external">PVC Coated Fabric, Flexible Ventilation Duct Hose Specialist</a></li><li><a href="http://www.imiker.com/anli/rambotech.html" target="_blank" rel="external">Rambotech网站分析_米课学员网站案例分享</a></li><li><a href="http://ask.imiker.com/question/5444" target="_blank" rel="external">Google Analytics中垃圾引荐来源的处理 - 米课问答</a></li><li><a href="http://ask.imiker.com/question/4262" target="_blank" rel="external">义乌地区米课学员线下小聚，纯干货分享 - 米课问答</a></li><li><a href="http://ask.imiker.com/question/1465" target="_blank" rel="external">有大家学习完米课建好的网站么？分享学习膜拜下！！ - 米课问答</a></li><li><a href="http://ask.imiker.com/question/2858" target="_blank" rel="external">深圳米课人ISZ-IMK 第002期 线下交流会总结 - 米课问答</a></li><li><a href="http://ask.imiker.com/question/6955" target="_blank" rel="external">网站备份 搬家 二级域名建立多语言网站，一气呵成 - 米课问答</a></li><li><a href="http://ask.imiker.com/question/4960" target="_blank" rel="external">Hunk 技术贴大集合 - 米课问答</a></li></ul><h3 id="FAQ"><a href="#FAQ" class="headerlink" title="FAQ"></a>FAQ</h3><ul><li><a href="http://ask.imiker.com/question/4831" target="_blank" rel="external">WP建站基础问题问答汇总(新手专用) - 米课问答</a></li></ul>]]></content>
    
    <summary type="html">
    
      
      
        &lt;h2 id=&quot;N-1&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;#N-1&quot; class=&quot;headerlink&quot; title=&quot;N + 1&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;N + 1&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;1 ＝ 网站&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;N ＝ &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Fair(广交会)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
      
    
    </summary>
    
      <category term="Platform" scheme="http://blog.inesoi.com/categories/Platform/"/>
    
    
      <category term="platform" scheme="http://blog.inesoi.com/tags/platform/"/>
    
      <category term="website" scheme="http://blog.inesoi.com/tags/website/"/>
    
  </entry>
  
  <entry>
    <title>Google SEO</title>
    <link href="http://blog.inesoi.com/google-seo-tutorial.html"/>
    <id>http://blog.inesoi.com/google-seo-tutorial.html</id>
    <published>2015-08-19T16:00:00.000Z</published>
    <updated>2018-08-19T10:09:33.801Z</updated>
    
    <content type="html"><![CDATA[<p>SEO 为 Search Engine Optimization 的缩写。</p><h2 id="和-Baidu-的区别"><a href="#和-Baidu-的区别" class="headerlink" title="和 Baidu 的区别"></a>和 Baidu 的区别</h2><ol><li>Baidu not favour small site.</li><li>Google not eval</li><li>User Experience</li></ol><h2 id="How-it-works"><a href="#How-it-works" class="headerlink" title="How it works"></a>How it works</h2><p>Crawling -&gt; Indexing -&gt; Ranking</p><h2 id="Core-Value-amp-Founder"><a href="#Core-Value-amp-Founder" class="headerlink" title="Core Value &amp; Founder"></a>Core Value &amp; Founder</h2><p>帮用户找到最好的结果，提高用户体验。</p><h2 id="Ranking-amp-Traffic-amp-Conversion"><a href="#Ranking-amp-Traffic-amp-Conversion" class="headerlink" title="Ranking &amp; Traffic &amp; Conversion"></a>Ranking &amp; Traffic &amp; Conversion</h2><h2 id="抓取原理"><a href="#抓取原理" class="headerlink" title="抓取原理"></a>抓取原理</h2><h2 id="蜘蛛抓取及网页快照"><a href="#蜘蛛抓取及网页快照" class="headerlink" title="蜘蛛抓取及网页快照"></a>蜘蛛抓取及网页快照</h2><p>Spider 会抓取网页的 HTML + CSS，不会抓取：</p><ol><li>Flash 但可以抓取 .swf 格式的 Flash。</li><li>iframe</li><li>JavaScript</li><li>AJAX</li><li>TestInImage</li></ol><p>可以通过以下指令查看网页快照：</p><pre><code>cache: www.abc.com</code></pre><h2 id="hreflang"><a href="#hreflang" class="headerlink" title="hreflang"></a>hreflang</h2><pre><code>&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.example.com&quot; hreflang=&quot;en-GB&quot; ref=&quot;alternate&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;</code></pre><p>eg:</p><ul><li><a href="http://www.musicradar.com" target="_blank" rel="external">http://www.musicradar.com</a></li><li><a href="http://www.hotel.com" target="_blank" rel="external">http://www.hotel.com</a></li></ul><h2 id="Indexing"><a href="#Indexing" class="headerlink" title="Indexing"></a>Indexing</h2><p>通过以下方法指令查看网站的索引情况：</p><ol><li><p>site 指令</p><pre><code>site:www.abc.com</code></pre></li><li><p>Google Master Tool(推荐)</p></li><li><p>Google Analytics/Landing Page</p></li></ol><h2 id="Ranking"><a href="#Ranking" class="headerlink" title="Ranking"></a>Ranking</h2><p>200+ Factors:</p><ol><li>Fresh Content</li><li>Site Quality</li><li><p>User Experience（User Focused）</p><ul><li>搜索 balance bile auckland</li><li>自然排名：A B C D E</li><li>B 5secs</li><li>C 2secs</li><li><p>D Information(Match Needs)</p><p>D 的排名就可能逆袭。</p></li></ul></li></ol><h2 id="个性化结果"><a href="#个性化结果" class="headerlink" title="个性化结果"></a>个性化结果</h2><p>登陆 Google 的 One Account 之后，Google 会根据你的 Google+ 社交状况、搜索历史以及 Cookie 等定制化搜索结果，这个结果和不登陆时可能不同。WordPress 有一款插件 Google+ Comments Widget 可以为产品添加 G+ 评论。</p><p>登陆之后的搜索关键词是加密的，再 GA 中归类为  <code>not provider</code>，这部分数据一般再 5% - 20% 之间。</p><p>Google One Account 是 Gmail、Adwords、Analytics、Webmaster、Google、Google Plus 的通用账户。</p><h2 id="Images"><a href="#Images" class="headerlink" title="Images"></a>Images</h2><ul><li><a href="http://kb.yoast.com/article/131-images-in-the-xml-sitemap" target="_blank" rel="external">Images in the XML sitemap - Yoast Knowledge Base</a></li><li><a href="https://yoast.com/image-seo/" target="_blank" rel="external">Optimizing images for SEO • Yoast</a></li></ul><h2 id="Tutorial"><a href="#Tutorial" class="headerlink" title="Tutorial"></a>Tutorial</h2><ul><li><a href="https://yoast.com/articles/wordpress-seo/#" target="_blank" rel="external">WordPress SEO Tutorial • The Definitive Guide • Yoast</a></li><li><a href="http://www.seozac.com/google/" target="_blank" rel="external">Google排名技术研究 – SEO每天一贴</a></li><li><a href="http://www.googleseo.com.cn/" target="_blank" rel="external">Google优化</a></li><li><a href="http://coolestguidesontheplanet.com/category/seo/" target="_blank" rel="external">SEO - Coolestguidesontheplanet.com</a></li></ul>]]></content>
    
    <summary type="html">
    
      
      
        &lt;p&gt;SEO 为 Search Engine Optimization 的缩写。&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 id=&quot;和-Baidu-的区别&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;#和-Baidu-的区别&quot; class=&quot;headerlink&quot; title=&quot;和 Baidu 的区别&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;和 Baidu 
      
    
    </summary>
    
      <category term="Marketing" scheme="http://blog.inesoi.com/categories/Marketing/"/>
    
    
      <category term="google" scheme="http://blog.inesoi.com/tags/google/"/>
    
      <category term="seo" scheme="http://blog.inesoi.com/tags/seo/"/>
    
  </entry>
  
  <entry>
    <title>Google 技巧</title>
    <link href="http://blog.inesoi.com/google-tips.html"/>
    <id>http://blog.inesoi.com/google-tips.html</id>
    <published>2015-08-02T16:00:00.000Z</published>
    <updated>2018-08-19T10:09:33.801Z</updated>
    
    <content type="html"><![CDATA[<h2 id="FAQ"><a href="#FAQ" class="headerlink" title="FAQ"></a>FAQ</h2><h3 id="Google搜索如何限定于某一特定的州或城市"><a href="#Google搜索如何限定于某一特定的州或城市" class="headerlink" title="Google搜索如何限定于某一特定的州或城市"></a>Google搜索如何限定于某一特定的州或城市</h3><p>See <a href="http://www.liaosam.com/google-how-to-limit-the-result-within-a-certain-state-or-city.html" target="_blank" rel="external">Google搜索如何限定于某一特定的州或城市-料网 - 料神Sam外贸老鸟之路</a></p><ol><li><p>限定国家</p><p> 打开 GOOGLE 的 Advanced Search，在 Region（国家/地区）里选择 Frence，然后再输入关键词搜索。</p></li><li><p>定位到城市或州</p><p> 通常，做网站的时候，都要写个网页的链接地址，比如</p><p> www.abc.com/contact 或者 www.abc.com/contact.html (.asp/.aspx/.jsp/.php)</p><p> 这一页的网页标题也经常会是 Contact Us</p><p> 因此我们完全就可以考虑限定这两个方面，一个是 inurl:contact  还有一个是 intitle:contact</p><p> 美国的州名 Pennsyivania，经常缩写成 PA 又考虑到 GOOGLE默认支持同义词，因此无需多写一个  Pennsyivania | PA  (竖线为“或”的意思，等同于大写的OR)</p></li></ol><p>最后，我们的关键词组合结构是：  主关键词 (inurl:contact | intitle:contact) PA</p>]]></content>
    
    <summary type="html">
    
      
      
        &lt;h2 id=&quot;FAQ&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;#FAQ&quot; class=&quot;headerlink&quot; title=&quot;FAQ&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;FAQ&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;h3 id=&quot;Google搜索如何限定于某一特定的州或城市&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;#Google搜索如何限定于某一特定的州或城市&quot; cla
      
    
    </summary>
    
      <category term="Marketing" scheme="http://blog.inesoi.com/categories/Marketing/"/>
    
    
  </entry>
  
  <entry>
    <title>外贸业务员如何跟客户谈付款方式</title>
    <link href="http://blog.inesoi.com/fs-payment.html"/>
    <id>http://blog.inesoi.com/fs-payment.html</id>
    <published>2015-07-29T16:00:00.000Z</published>
    <updated>2018-08-19T10:09:33.800Z</updated>
    
    <content type="html"><![CDATA[<p>See <a href="http://www.liaosam.com/how-to-negotiate-payment-terms-in-international-trade.html" target="_blank" rel="external">http://www.liaosam.com/how-to-negotiate-payment-terms-in-international-trade.html</a></p><p>银行汇款经常会遇到客户向您提供IBAN和ABA号，甚至很多国外的客户向您汇款钱索取银行的IBAN和ABA。<br>IBAN和ABA到底是什么？<br>1、IBAN<br>IBAN是指国际银行帐户号码（The International Bank Account Number），通常简称IBAN，是由欧洲银行标准委员会（ European Committee for Banking Standards，简称 ECBS）按照其标准制定的一个银行帐户号码。参加ECBS的会员国的银行帐户号码都有一个对应杜IBAN号码。可以联系你的开户行获取IBAN号码。IBAN号码最多是34位字符串。<br>IBAN的编号规定包括国别代码＋银行代码＋地区＋账户人账号＋校验码，当在欧元区未使用IBAN账号时，会被额外收取人工干预费。<br>（注：中国的银行是没有IBAN号码的;好像IBAN适用于欧洲,美国的银行也没有的，如果有客户给您付款前提到，只需要解释我们中国银行没有IBAN，提供swift code 即可）</p><p>2、ABA<br>ABA是指美国银行家协会（American Bankers Association ），按照其标准制定的一个银行帐户号码，通常是美国的银行才有。（同样我们中国银行没有，收款时向对方提供swift code 即可）  网上看到的不知道可不可靠</p><p>付款方式经常作为谈判的一个非常重要的因素，经常对外贸业务员造成各种困扰。</p><p>很多时候，样品认可了，价格谈妥了，就卡在付款方式上无法突破。比如你做T/T 和 L/C at sight, 客户要做L/C 45 days. 你给客户最低的定金额度 T/T 20%，客户说见提单copy件 T/T 100%。客户要做 DP，你想做 T/T+DP。</p><p>进行付款方式谈判之前，我们还是先来看看各种付款方式的安全等级：</p><p><strong>较为安全的付款方式：</strong></p><ol><li><p>T/T 100%</p></li><li><p>欧洲国家的L/C （在欧洲开办一个公司比在国内难很多，欧洲的信用等级制度相当完善 ）</p></li><li><p>前 T/T + T/T balance against B/L copy. 4）前 T/T + D/P at sight  ( 这种可能有些人做的少，实际还是不错的付款方式)</p></li></ol><p><strong>值得考虑的付款方式：</strong></p><p>纯 DP ：一般常见于一些中东、非洲国家合作的老客户，且信用较好，且此货物比较常规，又无变质及保质期问题，则可考虑接受纯 D/P。</p><p>注意做D/P时托收银行需为客户国家的知名银行（可以让客户提供银行名称，让你的银行查一下资信情况）。 注意：提单需为 TO ORDER 提单（非记名提单）。D/P下的指定具体收货人的记名提单，是一种潜在的风险。因为一旦客户拖付或拒付，而货物在目的港超过堆存期，而导致目的港海关需要将货物拍卖的情况下，那么，这个记名的客户是拥有第一拍卖权的。因此D/P付款方式下，应避免记名提单。</p><p>不过，对于老客户千万不能过度迷信，因为很多的出口商都是因为过度信任老客户，提供给对方太过于有利的付款方式，最终十年辛苦，一朝断送，死在老客户的手上。</p><p>因此此付款方式值得商榷，不到万不得已，不要轻易答应老客户做D/P。别看平时大家相互 brother 的喊得亲，真正风险来的时候，喊 Father 都没用。</p><p><strong>坚决不接受的付款方式：</strong></p><p>1）D/A</p><p>2）后T/T100%（在没有投保信用险情况下）如见提单 copy T/T 100%,  O/A</p><p>另外注意，L/C 项下最好尽量做 CIF，这也是有原因的。</p><p>09 年我们有个订单，L/C+FOB，客户是土耳其的。货做好了客户迟迟不给指定货代信息，无法订舱，期间无论怎么联系客户对方都不回应，超过最后装船期了都联系不上，整个证成了一个废证！幸好所做的货是常规规格，于是换换包装把货卖给其他客户了。</p><p>进行付款方式的谈判，主要有五个要点要注意：</p><h2 id="调查分析客户（-此指导思想贯穿“老鸟之路”全系列-）"><a href="#调查分析客户（-此指导思想贯穿“老鸟之路”全系列-）" class="headerlink" title="调查分析客户（ 此指导思想贯穿“老鸟之路”全系列 ）"></a>调查分析客户（ 此指导思想贯穿“老鸟之路”全系列 ）</h2><p>针对关于付款方式的意义，建议首先要了解客户的基本情况。看客户的规模，对口程度以及采购量。</p><p>一般来说，我是这样来调查分析的：</p><ol><li><p>客户询盘的研究，包括邮件往来中对客户的提问（考量和试探）</p></li><li><p>客户公司网站的研究（几个主要页面以及下载客户的E-Catalog, 研究并找出有价值的信息点）</p></li><li><p>搜索引擎的搜索技巧（谷歌，谷歌地图等）了解客户的实力，网络活跃度，网上B2B询价记录，行业目录的自我简介，上下游客户，供应的主要客户群体等。</p><p> 如果你对搜索引擎的原理、应用和技巧都熟练，那么很多事情就好办得多。比如：</p><p> “客户公司名” B2B OR leads OR MarketPlace （看看客户有没有在国际B2B平台上询价或者登记过信息）  “客户公司名” Exhibitor OR Fair (看看客户有没有参加过国际展会) “客户公司名” “Vendor:” OR “Vendor Code” OR “Vendor Part#” OR “supplier:” （查询客户上下游的客户信息，有时候可以发现很多上游客户，有时候又可以发现一些下游供应商，也可能成为你的客户。）</p><p> Google 能了解到很多信息，我就不一一列举了。注意有时候要把单词换成该国语言去搜。</p></li><li><p>海关数据（北美/南美客户）来研究采购习惯，周期频率，数量和供应商等。</p></li><li><p>其他外贸小工具如：</p><p> Whois 网站域名信息：了解域名注册时间（很多时候是公司成立的时间），注册的地点（看看现在网站上的地址和当初注册地址是否不同，结合google地图看一下实景，了解客户公司是否在发展壮大） 以及网站的反链数量以及指向等一些SEO方面的信息侧面了解公司。</p><p> 时光倒流机：<a href="http://www.archive.org" target="_blank" rel="external">http://www.archive.org</a>  利用此工具可以看到客户的网站不同时期的截图，每一次的改版都会被记录下来，几年前是什么样子的网站，最初网站上有哪些产品（以什么产品起家）改版了几次，添加了什么类的产品，进而可以得知公司的发展过程。</p><p> （具体的调查分析客户的思路和方法，以前我也有大概的写过一篇实例。在以后的老鸟之路的文章中，我会更全面具体地给出多个实例来展示更多的调查研究客户的思路和方法。）</p></li></ol><h2 id="永远要记得你的底限在哪里"><a href="#永远要记得你的底限在哪里" class="headerlink" title="永远要记得你的底限在哪里"></a>永远要记得你的底限在哪里</h2><p>这几年来，接触过各色各样的供应商，给我感触最深的一点：很多工厂被经常合作的外贸公司害死害伤，一蹶不振。</p><p>有些外贸公司的业务员和国外客户谈付款方式时太急于拿到订单，置风险于不顾，对客户的付款方式太容易妥协。风险发生时，损失巨大。业务员承担不了责任，外贸公司不想承担损失，以各种借口拖延工厂的货款，甚至欺骗工厂客户以质量问题为由拒付，伪造证据，拒不付货款。工厂大笔资金无法收拢，无法发展甚至倒闭。</p><p>各种悲催的故事，我想每天都在发生。主要的原因在于，外贸业务员没有原则和底限。付款方式应该尽量掌控主动权，可以适当的妥协，但是一定要坚持必要的底线，避免后期收不回货款的风险。如果妥协了，以后的合作会比现在的谈判痛苦百倍。</p><p>##　注意谈判的顺序和节奏</p><p>我刚入行的那年，找到一个土耳其的客户。邮件电话联系了几个月，正好客户要来广交会，白天参展客户太多，没有时间细谈。于是客户约我带上样品晚上到酒店大厅详谈。我满心欢喜，带着精心准备好的样品和资料，一路哼着小调，就跑去和客户谈生意去了。</p><p>见了面，先是一阵热情的寒暄，客户开始拿着Catalog介绍自己的公司，然后开始谈产品，详细规格，包装方式等等。我整整记录了两页纸，终于要谈完了，我暗自送一口气。</p><p>这时，客户笑眯眯地对我说，现在我们来谈一下最后一个问题，付款方式。我们一直做的付款方式是收到货后30天付款。我感觉全身的热血都顿时凝固了。。</p><p>当时也缺乏经验，客户总是坚持说给供应商也是这个付款方式，我一时词穷，不知道如何继续谈，只能告知客户得请示一下老板，然后匆匆结束了会谈。当天晚上回去之后，我充满了无助和挫败感，自我反省了一下，确实被兴奋感冲过了头，节奏完全被客户牢牢抓在手里，并且非常狡猾地最后才谈付款方式，让我如此痛苦又如此被动，而我的应对又是如此无力。</p><p>在那以后，每次和客户谈订单时，我总会尽量把付款方式放在前面来谈，谈得正大光明，谈得有理有据有情理。谈判的成功率提高了很多。所以付款方式我个人认为还是放在价格之前谈为宜。</p><h2 id="开始阶段尽量不以公司制度来压对方"><a href="#开始阶段尽量不以公司制度来压对方" class="headerlink" title="开始阶段尽量不以公司制度来压对方"></a>开始阶段尽量不以公司制度来压对方</h2><p>很多业务员，碰到付款方式提出异议的客户，总是首先搬出公司制度，其实这个并不是十分妥当。</p><p>每个客户都有不同的采购习惯，上来就抛出公司制度，有种强迫客户的感觉。任何人，做与自己习惯相左的事情，内心都会有潜在的抗拒心理。</p><p>就好比，你在网上看好了一双皮鞋，价格问好了，准备信用卡付款，这时客服告诉你，我们店铺规定，只接受网银付款。你也许一直都是信用卡支付，想想觉得麻烦，一双皮鞋而已，哪里买不到。于是直接回一句，我一直都是信用卡支付，不能接受算了，我找别的店去。</p><p>简单来说，就是业务员如果在起初阶段就抛出一句公司规定，显得有点“简单粗暴”。除非你的产品在行业内极具竞争力，实力很强，否则不要轻易抛出这种“对立性”很强的话。否则抛出去之后，很有可能造成一种沟通的“断裂”。</p><p>客户可能会沉默不作回复，也有可能很快就回复你一句，把你顶回来：不好意思，我们公司也有规定，我们只做L/C。</p><p>因此，谈判的时候时机的把握非常重要，就像我之前的文章中说过，讨价还价的时候很多新手喜欢上来就说去请示一下领导，这应该是谈判最后一步的手段，这么一来反而让自己没有后路可退。即使公司制度规定不能做远期L/C，也应该先采取合理的话术和战术来引导和试探。</p><p>对于公司制度也是一样，制度就是制度，制度是用来执行的，不是用来随便就打破的。所以谈到一定阶段僵持的时候，你再请示一下领导才是合情合理的。如果最终实在无法获得的满意的付款方式，再提一下公司制度如此，我作为一个销售人员真的无法违背公司的制度。这时候两个选择：</p><ol><li>看看我们是否在价格上做得更好一点？（付款方式上不让步）</li><li>让我去请示一下我们领导，看看是否可以做些让步？（准备做一定程度妥协）</li></ol><h2 id="使用合理的战术和话术"><a href="#使用合理的战术和话术" class="headerlink" title="使用合理的战术和话术"></a>使用合理的战术和话术</h2><p>买家所处行业中的地位、对供应商的需求程度、采购偏好、性格差异等等都会影响他是否会同意或者妥协你的付款方式。那么，我们有什么好的办法去谈付款方式呢？</p><h3 id="“赤裸裸”的价格引诱"><a href="#“赤裸裸”的价格引诱" class="headerlink" title="“赤裸裸”的价格引诱"></a>“赤裸裸”的价格引诱</h3><p>之前曾经说过，付款方式和价格，两者都可以相互利用。谈价格遇到困难时，可以尝试适当给出更好的付款方式来吸引客户。 谈付款方式的时候，有时候为了获得理想的付款方式，也可以价格上进行一定让步来吸引客户。</p><p>这种方法是一种“赤裸裸”的公平互换。（如果我能接受你的付款方式，你能为我做些什么呢？– 给你更好的价格！）</p><h3 id="装困难，博同情"><a href="#装困难，博同情" class="headerlink" title="装困难，博同情"></a>装困难，博同情</h3><p>回想一下，你们大学时代写国家助学奖学金申请是怎么写的：</p><p>首先是要找些让人信服的理由，总不能上来就说：我不幸患上XXX，已经到了晚期。。也不宜过多理由，不然太苦逼让人不敢相信：父亲残疾，母亲瘫痪卧床常年不起，家里还有一个弟弟一个妹妹在读书，半亩地，两头猪。。</p><p>让人相信你的确家里困难需要照顾，还要自夸一下自己学习态度端正，品德良好，从来不偷针摸线，最主要的有一颗感恩的心，谢谢各级领导的关心和支持，将来回报党，回报社会，回报国家。。（ 嗯，就是差不多这个思路了 ）</p><p>正常常见的理由：最近厂房</p><p>(或 分厂/ 新的车间 / 新的生产线 / 投入新的设备 )</p><p>牛逼点的理由：公司前阵子拿了一个很大的政府投标订单，前期已经垫了大笔资金资金有点紧张，因此我们对于接受T/T 50%付款方式的客户可以给与额外的3%的折扣。（ 客户哪会都懂得什么外汇管制，只会根据惯性思维 —— 有预付款拿了款后能够立即使用资金 ）</p><p>现在我们的确处于艰难时期，希望得到您的理解和支持！</p><p>Now it’s a really hard period for us, we appreciate for your understanding and support in advance !</p><p>在前面 老鸟之路的 沟通判断 专题中可以看到，装困难博同情，很多客户还是吃这套的。</p><h3 id="步步挖“坑”，画大饼"><a href="#步步挖“坑”，画大饼" class="headerlink" title="步步挖“坑”，画大饼"></a>步步挖“坑”，画大饼</h3><p>比如：客户要做 L/C 30 days，你先装作非常惊讶：</p><p>L/C 30 Days !??  Frankly speaking, we always work with new customer with T/T 50%. For regular customers, we work with T/T 30%.</p><p>We rarely work with L/C because we are not familiar with that. And it seems that bank charges is quite high..  ( 装，继续镇定无比地装~ )</p><p>Do you think T/T 30% is available for you? If that, we will consider giving some better conditions in return. （ 探探口气 ）</p><p>有的客户的反应的确会很礼貌友好而且会告诉你需要check一下经理或老板。不过有的客户可能并不会立即同意，sorry, we only work with L/C 30 days.</p><p>继续跟客户绕：</p><p>We really want to work with you but it’s hard to work with L/C 30 days as it’s the first cooperation. It will be rejected by our financial department. </p><p>（十分想合作但很无奈第一次合作L/C30天实在太为难。这样的付款方式会被我们财务部门拒绝 ）</p><p>How about L/C at sight ?</p><p>We believe it’s a fair payment terms and it ensure mutual benefits. We would consider L/C 30 days in future if our cooperation keep having good records in our system.</p><p>缓兵之计，故作退一步，并画个大饼吸引一下客户。很多时候合作起来了大家都熟悉了，付款方式可能几年都不见得改一次。</p><h3 id="货期提前"><a href="#货期提前" class="headerlink" title="货期提前"></a>货期提前</h3><p>打个比方，客户要做L/C，你只想做T/T。可以先试探一下，告诉客户，现在是旺季，几乎每天都收到客户的订单，如果做T/T的话，资金到账快些，生产安排上可以保证早些生产，交货期要相对早一些。</p><h3 id="行业标杆客户法"><a href="#行业标杆客户法" class="headerlink" title="行业标杆客户法"></a>行业标杆客户法</h3><p>在讨价还价的时候，我想外贸业务员总会碰到这样的情况：</p><p>客户说我们价格高，会发来一个别的供应商发给他的PI，价格很低。</p><p>正所谓来而不往礼非礼也。其实，无论是谈到付款方式还是价格，出现僵局的时候，我也会试一下此方法，因为优点是：要么很快见效，要么无效。</p><p>我会首先看一下公司客户记录表里有没有和他一个市场的客户而且比较有名气的，如果正好有，如A公司，把PI上的价格用PDF处理器修改过以后发给客户。告诉他，A公司跟我们做的是这个价格，供你参考。</p><p>并且我会告诉客户：</p><p>为什么这些客户会跟我们合作？因为我们是有良知，讲诚信的供应商。不会随意更改品质和数量，不以次充好，不偷斤缺两，We will expand business with you in a health way.  中国的供应商很多，良莠不齐，价格没有最低只有更低。但太低的价格永远意味着潜在的高风险，可能是品质，可能是数量，信誉。</p><p>Low prices always accompany with high risk, maybe quality, quantity or reputation.</p><p>你做贸易这么多年，应该明白这一点或者你或许曾有过类似经历？</p><p>客户很可能就会被自己说服，给我的价格也没有比XX公司贵到哪去，既然XX公司都愿意做这种付款方式，可能他们的质量，服务或者某一方面确实很不错，为何不试着合作一下？</p><p>如果公司客户记录表里没有客户市场上合作的客户，或者有合作的但不是他们市场上的行业内知名公司，我会利用网络，搜一下他当地市场上的知名品牌，稍微研究一下，然后选定一家  实力中上等的（不要轻易选择顶级品牌），LOGO有特色易识别的公司。先把LOGO截图，并且把E-catalog下载下来研究一下看看，进行更多了解。</p><p>然后自己做一个PI，PI上为此知名品牌的公司，并且把此知名品牌的LOGO也放上去，加强易识别度，价格当然也是精心计量的。付款方式当然是我能接受的方式如 T/T (50% before production, the balance pay by in 5 days against B/L copy)，甚至帖上电子版的章，然后发给客户，装得底气十足，我们跟XXX客户做的都是这个付款方式和价格，你还有什么担心的呢？</p><p>当然以上的前提是：你最好对此市场上常见的一些大品牌的客户有初步的了解，并且我建议不要随意选择那些顶级品牌。</p><p>比如你一个普普通通的工厂连ISO14001和SA8000这类认证都提供不了还给3M，NORTH SAFETY 供货，无异于一个笑话。不要过度夸张，OK？如果连客户看了都不相信，对你质疑，并连番提问你和此品牌合作的事情，你很容易心虚漏了马脚，给人以不诚信的感觉。</p><h3 id="公司的规定"><a href="#公司的规定" class="headerlink" title="公司的规定"></a>公司的规定</h3><p>说了那么多，感动天感动地，还是感动不了你。对不起，我也尽力了，没办法了，这个是公司的规定。我也就一打工的，我也不能违规操作，否则抗不住BOSS的怒火。</p><p>这样把，我把情况报告给领导，Let me report this to our boss to make one last effort, OK ?</p><p>如果领导能给予方便，那当然皆大欢喜。如果不行，我也没办法，你自己再考虑一下啊。( 哥工作还忙，总不能光跟你整天较劲不是？)</p><p>回头自己考虑一下公司规定的付款方式类型是否太狭窄。如果确实感觉公司有点保守了，就找老板好好谈一谈。根据客户的询价记录，统计出客户曾经提出的付款方式，有多少客户提出询价，因为我们不能做哪几种付款方式最终丧失了合作机会，做个详细的表格把具体的数据给老板看一下，建议公司可以考虑增加其他几种安全的付款方式，否则丧失很多潜在的订单，也是一笔巨大损失。</p><p>如果老板还有顾虑，就告诉他，现在出口可以用出口信用保险来避免出口风险。此处省去信保介绍N字。如果老板死活就是不同意做别的付款方式，那好吧，我也没辙了。</p><p>以上这些方法，当然不可能是百分百有效的万金油，经常有些客户一招就搞定，但还有不少客户，像“法海”一样，就是说不通情理。。</p><p>所以，付款方式，如果实在谈不拢，真心不用纠结！</p><p>引用一句网络名言：你永远不知道，网络对面的那一头和你交流的，是一个人，还是一条狗。</p><h2 id="FAQ"><a href="#FAQ" class="headerlink" title="FAQ"></a>FAQ</h2><h3 id="货到压价"><a href="#货到压价" class="headerlink" title="货到压价"></a>货到压价</h3><p>See <a href="http://www.liaosam.com/not-teaching-you-tricks.html" target="_blank" rel="external">我不是在教你使阴招-料网 - 料神Sam外贸老鸟之路</a></p>]]></content>
    
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        &lt;p&gt;See &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.liaosam.com/how-to-negotiate-payment-terms-in-international-trade.html&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; rel=&quot;external&quot;&gt;http://www
      
    
    </summary>
    
      <category term="Trade" scheme="http://blog.inesoi.com/categories/Trade/"/>
    
    
      <category term="trade" scheme="http://blog.inesoi.com/tags/trade/"/>
    
      <category term="payment" scheme="http://blog.inesoi.com/tags/payment/"/>
    
  </entry>
  
  <entry>
    <title>跟进客户</title>
    <link href="http://blog.inesoi.com/fs-email.html"/>
    <id>http://blog.inesoi.com/fs-email.html</id>
    <published>2015-07-29T16:00:00.000Z</published>
    <updated>2018-08-19T10:09:33.800Z</updated>
    
    <content type="html"><![CDATA[<p>我曾经询价一款纸巾，同时问江门的工厂和香港的贸易商同时询价，以下是我当初的邮件，这个Michael是工厂的业务经理。</p><pre>Dear Michael,Glad to see you in the fair. Enclosed is our paper napkin sourcing request. Please give me quotes urgently.Best regards,C</pre><p>然后呢，同样的邮件，发给香港的贸易公司，只是把Michael改成Stanley，内容一字不改。下面就是工厂业务主管Michael给我的回复：</p><pre>Dear C,Very glad to meet you in the fair! And thank you very much for your inquiry!As for your request, 30x30cm paper napkin, we don't have this size. We mainly supply 25x25cm or 33x33cm. If you insist on purchasing 30x30, the MOQ will be at least 2 ton.Please visit our website www.***.comIf you have any interest, we will be happy to give you offer.Thanks a lot!Best regards,Michael</pre><p>说实话，Michael不愧经验丰富，邮件写得四平八稳，回复效率也很高，没有任何废话，要说的点都说到了，因为没有30x30，就直接推荐了常用的25x25以及33x33，算不错了。</p><p>当晚也收到了香港贸易商的回复，业务员Stanley回了我邮件：</p><pre>C,Thanks for the inquiry. Regarding 30x30 napkin, our factories don't have this size.Please check the attached quotes based on 25x25 and 33x33, in both 2-ply and 3-ply. All our items will be strictly according to FDA/GRAS regulation.Our MOQ is 3000 units per color per design. And normally, our US customer choose 24pcs or 48pcs per polybag. I will send you some more photos in seperate email.By the way, I visited your company website and found your stores are all located in the east coast of US. Our other US customer *** placed a big order in X'mas napkin set, together with paper plate and mugs. I will show you the photos with quotes later for evaluation.If any samples needed, please let me know and also advise your courier account.Thanks,Stanley</pre><p>以上是Stanley的邮件原文，我把涉及到的公司名隐去了。我先以我个人的想法来点评一下Stanley的邮件。</p><p>这邮件看似有点长，但没有一句废话；首先说明30x30这个尺寸，他们工厂没有。随即根据25x25和33x33给我报价，2层的，3层的，都报给我参考，这一步就做得好，因为主动，而不是推一下动一下，尽管价格可能高，或者可能报低了，但是这些都不重要，重要的是如何互动，如何一开始就打开僵局，争取到机会。</p><p>然后后面那句，所有的产品，都严格遵循美国FDA的GRAS标准，这句话就打消了买手的顾虑，也是大部分国内业务员的最大软肋，不懂测试，其实香港业务员很多也不太懂测试，但是他们只要知道，买手关注什么，他们需要注意什么，平时多注意，多积累，就可以了。我也经常问国内工厂的业务员，产品有出过美国么？有，很多。那有通过测试么？有，我们有FDA。但问题是，FDA只是美国食品药品管理局，你们具体做了哪些测试？就答不上来了。当然，buyer做久了，就会发现Stanley是留有后路的，他说的是according to，产品能遵循美国的测试标准，仅仅是“遵循“，并没有说他手里有报告，但是这不重要，至少已经比那位Michael给我印象好多了，一下子就让我觉得他至少了解美国的标准。</p><p>然后无需挤牙膏，直接告诉我MOQ是3000套，每套24或者48一个塑料袋。然后会给我多点图片，另外发邮件给我。这样我就会再等他的邮件。这是人的本能反应。然后他说，看了看你的网址，发现你们是美国公司，主要的店都在美东，然后说他另外一个美国客户，下个一个圣诞系列的大单，把纸巾配合纸餐盘和纸杯做套装，会给我多些图片。这样我就会有兴趣继续看。</p><p>最后有需要会提供样品，这倒没什么，谁都能做到，但是在邮件里提一下，终究是一个补充。</p><p>这两封email，其实都在跟进我这个询价的case。但是谁“跟进”这块做得更好？后续是，Michael这边过阵子有邮件过来，就是问“有消息么？”“有什么进展？”“选择哪一种尺寸？”等等。Stanley也在跟进，也有不少email，但是就像第一封一样，跟进的每封都是不同主题，比如给我看详细的一些产品大图；给我看他们另一个美东客人采购的产品套装，顺便告诉我他们的包装方式以及可以给我的价格和MOQ；发我他们的产品测试报告和工厂的验厂报告（尽管工厂的名字都是用photoshop打黑的）；也询问我的采购计划和促销季节，以便给更好的方案和建议，相互去配合。</p><p>这样的“跟进”，是不是更能吸引客户？也许每个人看法不同，但是我觉得，Stanley至少做到了非常有效也非常高效的互动，找到了突破点。可能价格问题，数量问题，还需要纠结，还需要谈判。但是Follow-up的核心，我觉得是吸引客户原因跟你一直探讨，一直谈判，这样才有机会。价格不好，可以谈嘛；付款方式问题，也可以商量。这些都是后续的问题，可以一步步去解决，不是么？</p><style>pre {    white-space: pre-wrap;       /* CSS 3 */    white-space: -moz-pre-wrap;  /* Mozilla, since 1999 */    white-space: -pre-wrap;      /* Opera 4-6 */    white-space: -o-pre-wrap;    /* Opera 7 */    word-wrap: break-word;       /* Internet Explorer 5.5+ */}</style>]]></content>
    
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        &lt;p&gt;我曾经询价一款纸巾，同时问江门的工厂和香港的贸易商同时询价，以下是我当初的邮件，这个Michael是工厂的业务经理。&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;pre&gt;
Dear Michael,

Glad to see you in the fair. Enclosed is our paper na
      
    
    </summary>
    
      <category term="Marketing" scheme="http://blog.inesoi.com/categories/Marketing/"/>
    
    
      <category term="marketing" scheme="http://blog.inesoi.com/tags/marketing/"/>
    
      <category term="following" scheme="http://blog.inesoi.com/tags/following/"/>
    
  </entry>
  
  <entry>
    <title>开发信</title>
    <link href="http://blog.inesoi.com/fs-developing-mail.html"/>
    <id>http://blog.inesoi.com/fs-developing-mail.html</id>
    <published>2015-07-29T16:00:00.000Z</published>
    <updated>2018-08-19T10:09:33.800Z</updated>
    
    <content type="html"><![CDATA[<p>高回复率 =Basic Search, Target Right (初步调查，有的放矢) + 避开SPAM过滤词 + 少图片少链接 + 好的标题 + 行文简洁清晰 + 有吸引客户的Key Point + 运气or时机（排最后但是占了不少权重！）</p><h2 id="Basic-Search-Target-Right-（初步调查，有的放矢）"><a href="#Basic-Search-Target-Right-（初步调查，有的放矢）" class="headerlink" title="Basic Search, Target Right （初步调查，有的放矢）"></a>Basic Search, Target Right （初步调查，有的放矢）</h2><h3 id="Basic-Search（初步调查分析）"><a href="#Basic-Search（初步调查分析）" class="headerlink" title="Basic Search（初步调查分析）"></a>Basic Search（初步调查分析）</h3><p>你对客户有多少了解，你的开发信中就能多出多少亮点，这些都是可能引起对方兴趣的地方。具体怎么调查和分析客户，之前我也有粗略地写过一篇文章。一般来说，我是这样来调查分析的： </p><ol><li>客户公司网站的研究。几个主要页面以及下载客户的E-catalog，研究并找出有价值的信息点。</li><li>搜索引擎的搜索技巧（谷歌，谷歌地图等）了解客户的实力，网络活跃度，网上B2B询价记录，行业目录的自我简介，上下游客户，供应的主要客户群体等。 </li><li>海关数据（北美/南美客户）来研究采购习惯，周期频率，数量和供应商等。 </li><li>其他外贸小工具如Whois 网站域名信息查询，了解域名注册时间（很多时候是公司成立的时间），注册的地点（看看现在网站上的地址和当初注册地址是否不同，结合google地图看一下实景，了解客户公司是否在发展壮大）以及网站的反链数量等一些SEO方面的信息侧面了解公司。 </li></ol><p>对于客户的分析和调查这样的工作，需要有一定的综合职业素质。做外贸，不是口语好，跟进积极，认真负责，发产品，回询盘就能成为优秀业务员。外贸业务员的自我修炼，脑子要灵活，内心要强大，情商智商双发展，对信息要敏感，知识面要自我拓宽，善于总结，要善于假助外物。（OH NO~ 我知道你们最烦这些说教的文字） </p><p>打个比方，如果你对搜索引擎的原理、应用和技巧都熟练，那么很多事情就好办得多。比如：</p><ul><li>“客户公司名” B2B OR leads OR MarketPlace。看看客户有没有在国际B2B平台上询价或者登记过信息。</li><li>“客户公司名” Exhibitor OR Fair。看看客户有没有参加过国际展会。</li><li>“客户公司名” “Vendor:” OR “Vendor Code” OR “Vendor Part#” OR “supplier:” 。查询客户上下游的客户信息，有时候可以发现很多上游客户，有时候又可以发现一些下游供应商，也可能成为你的客户。</li></ul><h3 id="Target-Right（发给正确的人）"><a href="#Target-Right（发给正确的人）" class="headerlink" title="Target Right（发给正确的人）"></a>Target Right（发给正确的人）</h3><p>有些对口的客户，网站上只有info,sales这些邮箱的，我建议果断打电话，因为电话更直接。先问到负责采购的邮箱，再行发送。大多数国外的公司接线员是很友善的。如果电话这条路不通，用google并配合whois信息，尽可能地找出这个公司的其他邮箱地址。再利用人名和邮箱名，去国外社交网站上搜搜，有时候也有意外的收获。社交平台没有任何发现，再发送你找到的那些邮箱。</p><p>对于SNS平台，看看我的老客户有什么高见：</p><p>Sam, I suggest you try to make initial contact via phone call if you’re sure they are real buyers. It is too easy for people to ignore emails, especially when emails are from somebody who with poor acknowledge and morals of e-mail marketing.</p><p>If telephone contact is not possible then you can work via email. Remember that, do not make the email full ofselling-language or words, such as “FREE”, “OPPORTUNITY”, ”CHEAP”, ”PRICE”,“DISCOUNT”, when you’ve got buyer’s reply, it doesn’t matter but if this is just the first email, NEVER USE THEM. </p><p>Addtionally I would strongly suggest LinkedIn,there are a lot of professionals on there now, and it’s growing every day. It’s easier to check what’s new. Maybe you can find your target customer there.</p><h2 id="避开SPAM-过滤词"><a href="#避开SPAM-过滤词" class="headerlink" title="避开SPAM 过滤词"></a>避开SPAM 过滤词</h2><p>E-mail Marketing还是外贸中常用的网上营销手段，然而至少有80%的人对E-mail营销缺乏正确的认识，造成营销的泛滥。因此我觉得有必要给大家说一下一些基本的知识点： </p><p>邮件地址中的符号@是英语“at”的含义，所以我们的电子邮件地址如sam@sohu.com 的完整解释为“sam在sohu.com这个服务器上面的一个邮件帐号”。 </p><p>一封邮件，从发送到最后收到，必然要经过以下的路径：<br>A方邮件客户端，A方邮件服务器（SMTP服务器），B方邮件服务器（POP3），B方邮件客户端。 </p><p>一般来说，邮件服务器含有众多用户的电子信箱。A如果使用的是企业邮箱，那么A向企业邮箱服务器的SMTP服务器发送。如果A使用的是公共邮箱，如搜狐，那么A向sohu邮箱服务器的SMTP服务器发送。 </p><p>A方的SMPT服务器识别邮箱中B的地址，并向管理B地址的B方邮件服务器的POP3服务器发送消息。B方POP3邮件服务器将邮件转存入B的邮箱内，并告知B有新邮件到来。B通过邮件客户端程序连接到服务器后，就会看到新邮件。当B回复了A邮件，A收到B的回复。这样一个过程就被记录为可信可允许的通信，并且A的地址也被记录为可信。 </p><p>为什么建议发国外开发信用企业邮箱，因为公共邮箱服务器上承载的邮件账号太多，可能之前有很多其他人的邮件账户都发过未经接收方许可的垃圾邮件，不利于邮件服务器的评级。所以最好的邮箱还是企业邮箱，也就是你的用户名@你公司网站域名。这样是一个干净的无不良记录的邮件服务器。</p><p>多说一句，公司网站的建设也很重要，是面子问题，要给客户看的，增加信任。很多企业网站做的一塌糊涂，毫无美感。现在都进入WEB 2.0 时代了，还在用TABLE布局，用ASP+ACCESS，用国内主机空间，无FAQ, 无SITEMAP, META标签中的Keywords和Description 还是留空，TITLE仅写了个公司英文名。 </p><p>什么样的邮件会被判定为垃圾邮件？ </p><p>根据国际电子邮件协会的判定规则：未经收件人允许的在一段时间内，发送频率过快，内容重复度过高；对方未订阅但发件人发送附件的；邮件中含有SPAM高频词 </p><p>因此，即使你是用模板发送开发信，也请尽量设置多种不同内容的模板，并且不要发的那么频繁。</p><p>邮件中的词语也是需要十分注意的。我们来看一下我公司新业务员的一个开发信： </p><pre>Dear Larry, We know your company from alibaba.com. Your company seems sell safety vests, right ? I want to know do you need XXX products? We are Chinese professional manufacturer specializingsafety products, we can provide various types of safety vests with cheap prices. Hope it’s a good opportunity to work with you. Enclosed is the catalog, please check it. If our products meet your need, please feel free tocontact me or call me. I will send you more details. FREE Samples can be provided. Thank you very much. Best regards, Cliff </pre><p>发送之后，收到退信：</p><figure class="image-bubble">                <div class="img-lightbox">                    <div class="overlay"></div>                    <img src="../resources/images/remail-return.jpg" alt="" title="">                </div>                <div class="image-caption"></div>            </figure><p>于是我们应该来对这个开发信进行修改： </p><ul><li><p>首先一定要拿掉附件Catalog。第一封邮件的价值永远是确保对方能够顺利收到，当然最好能产生兴趣。完全没有必要附上任何图片和catalog，客户可以从你的签名中去看你的网站。 </p><p>  开发信发附件Catalog是非常不明智的，很可能就会被发垃圾邮件系统拦截。另外即使客户收到了你的邮件，可能会顺手来一句。Send me your pricelist of all products. </p></li><li><p>We know your company from alibaba.com  </p><pre><code>这句不好，直接就暴露了你是一个unsubscribed sender 或者说 “The Uninvited”。（其实国外对于垃圾邮件的反感以及法律完善度超过我们国人的想象，这个我在后文再提。） </code></pre></li><li><p>Your company seems sell safety vests, right? </p><p>  此句问得很多余。既然对客户公司有了个基本了解，就不必要多问。Sell这个敏感词不要用。 </p></li><li><p>Do you need XXX products ? 这句最傻最天真，删除。</p></li><li><p>We are Chinese professional manufacturer specializedin safety products, we can provide various types of safety vests withcheap prices. Hope it’s a good opportunity to work with you.</p><p>  CHINESE目前还不是Spam词，但天朝的sales如此之多，说不准哪天就被列入Spam，尽量不用。SPECIALIZED, CHEAP, PRICE 以及 OPPORTUNITY 都是SPAM高频词，触目惊心。。换用其他表达。 </p></li><li><p>Enclosed is the catalog, please check it.If our products meet your need, please feel free to contact me or call me. I willsend you more details. FREE Samples can be provided. </p><p>  前面说了，拿掉Catalog。另外，CHECK 也是SPAM高频词，换掉或者不用。另外句式稍显啰嗦。CALL ME 这个如果是美国人给美国人发的邮件还好，时差最多也才三小时。物流配送也很方便，电话上谈好网上支付后很快就能发货。但是国际贸易中就不太合适也不正式。 </p></li><li><p>FREE，这个是SPAM超高频词！！很多人都有误区！看看国外知名网络服务商Godaddy怎么评价“FREE”这个词的：Keep the tone light. Avoid selling-language – “Free” is a loser in e-mail marketing </p></li></ul><p>注：以下为与销售有关的SPAM高频词： </p><p>Free, Discount, Oppotunity, Win, Winner, Cheap, Deal, Debt, Income,Insurance, Loan, Money, Mortgage, Price, Rate, Profit, Save, Merchant, Stock, ActNow, All New, Call Now, Subscribe Now, Million, Dollars, Opportunity, Compare, Check,Cash, Bonus, Credit, Loans, Buy Direct, Get Paid, Order Now, Specializing,Specialized, Offer, Please Read, Don’t Delete, Special Promotion, SatisfactionGuaranteed, You’ve Been Selected. </p><p>经过修改之后，我们看看这封开发封如何： </p><pre>Hi Larry, Glad to learn you’re on the market of labor safety products. （让他摸不清你是不是展会上和他见过，有过一面之缘，或者给他voice mail留过言，或者给他打过一次电话。。） We are a leading manufacturerof personal protective workwear, as well as 4 years Walmart’s vendor. Our mainitems are reflective vests (不用safety vests，避免safety单词重复过多。能不重复尽量不重复) At present, For German market, our superior type is XXX, quality meet EN471 and ANSI107 standard. Please contact us if any questions. Best regards, Cliff</pre><p>这算是一封很“安全”的开发信了。对于“PRICE”这个字眼，我们只字未提。原因有二，一是为了尽可能避免SPAM，二是RPICE这个词已经用滥了，你用这个词不是在引导买家顺手回复一句Send me pricelist 吗？</p><p>为何我的开发信中有PRICE这些词，照样可以收到客户回复？为什么有时候我也偶尔能收到国内一些公司甚至国外发来的开发信，他们的开发信里好像也有SPAM词？ </p><p>每个邮件服务器运营商都不一样，他们预设的spam keywords list也不一样。打个比方，为了方便理解，假设你是买家。如果你用万网的企业邮箱和使用网易的企业邮箱，你可能会发现同一封包含某个特定SPAM高频词的邮件，你用万网企业邮箱可能就收不到，可是用网易企业邮箱就能收到。为什么？不同的邮件服务器运营商的垃圾邮件关键词列表中罗列的关键词不可能会是完全相同的。 </p><p>一个道理，不同的客户，他的邮件服务器运营商不同，spam keywords list 内容的设定也是有差异的。上文中列出的一系列SPAM词，是知名国外网络服务商godaddy做出的统计。并不是所有的国外邮件服务器都是相同的spamkeywords list。但普遍来说，国外的邮件服务器的反垃圾邮件的英文关键词力度甩国内服务商几条街。</p><p>至于你也能收到国内甚至国外的开发信，也是这个原因。大部分国内邮件服务商中文的垃圾邮件关键词列表都不完善，英文的spam keywords list 收录更不够。我就不多说了。 </p><p>现在国外已经有软件能够让发邮件者穿透对方邮件服务器的反垃圾邮件机制，截个图发给大家看看：</p><figure class="image-bubble">                <div class="img-lightbox">                    <div class="overlay"></div>                    <img src="../resources/images/email-through-wall.jpg" alt="" title="">                </div>                <div class="image-caption"></div>            </figure><h2 id="好的标题"><a href="#好的标题" class="headerlink" title="好的标题"></a>好的标题</h2><p>一个好的标题也是非常重要的，当买家收到一封邮件时，他最多用3秒钟就能决定看或者不看直接delete。所以开发信的标题我们也不可大意。无论在家里还是在工作中，人们都很忙。另外客户的邮件积累得也多，他们会注意压缩文件以使得邮件客户端程序运行速度保持迅速。因此如果标题行不抓住他们的注意力，删除你的开发信仅仅一个点击即可完成。 </p><p>如果你经常收到国外的新产品推广信，比如我是从我们行业内一个美国巨头品牌的网站上subscribed的邮件订阅服务。你会发现欧美人邮件标题反而通常都是一些非正式性的，轻松的语句，比如 We’ve got you coveredby xxx working apparel. 就这么简单的一句，也没有使用什么的组合结构，和我们的思维就完全不同。 </p><pre>REQUEST: Quick offer for 150,000 lab coats RECHECK: Best price for 150,000 lab coats ATTENTION: Delivery time too long ! URGENT: Need samples INFO: Samples have been received REQUEST: Good quality but change color ? INFO: NEW PO#XXXXX REMIND: Typing mistake on PI ?? CONFIRM: Revised PI No.:XXX2012014 Labcoats ACTION: Send me shipping documents by thisweekend </pre><p>（写action就是让我一定要这个周末前给他寄单据，都不写request了，NND下次你再来个COMMAND吧。）</p><p>还有时候，会收到邮件标题如：I will let you know soon eom. </p><p>邮件只有签名，无正文。猜想eom可能是END OFMESSAGE，多收到几次后证实如此。当邮件内容太短，所说的内容标题里就能说完的时候后面接一个eom. </p><p>其实很多老外都很习惯于移动办公，在 blackberry, iphone 上收发邮件。所以这里也劝大家，开发信真心不能过长。</p><p>接着说怎么写个好的开发信标题，这里先说个福步常见的经典的： </p><p>举个例子吧，假设我是做太阳能灯的公司 DEF Co. Ltd，目前公司最大的客人是美国的Home Depot，尽管可能是通过贸易商做的，不是直接合作，但是完全可以当作一个开发新客人的筹码！如果我要写一封开发信给美国的ABC inc（名字是编的），我从google上了解了一些这个公司的信息，知道他们是美国的进口商，有做太阳能灯系列，希望能试着开发这个客人，我一般会这样写主题，“Re: ABC inc/Home Depotvendor-solar light/DEF Co., Ltd.”</p><p>其中，ABC inc代表了客人的公司名，你在写给他的主题上首先加上他公司名，表示对他们公司的尊重；Home Depot vendor-solar light明确表示你是北美第二大零售商Home Depot的太阳能灯供应商，既表明了实力，也勾起他的兴趣；最后的DEF Co., Ltd.代表自己公司。这样一来，假设你找对了人，这个正是ABC公司太阳能灯的buyer，又或者是他的某一个主管，突然某一天收到这么一个主题的邮件，哇，homedepot的供应商找上来了，太棒了，应该看看是不是有合作机会，是不是比原有供应商更好？他打开邮件的概率会非常非常大！再说了，这个主题设置的还有一个好处，就是客人即使暂时不回你邮件，只是放在收件箱里，但是将来某一天他突然想让你报报价，很容易就能找到这封邮件！只要关键词输入home depot，保证一下子就找到。</p><p>以上只是给大家提供一个思路，大家思维也不要太模式化。结合自己的想法，就是好的。</p><p><strong>一点争议：关于标题加上 RE:  FW:</strong></p><p>最近我也很困惑，因为我的一个客户说，Re: FW: 这些标记你不要随便用，因为人们不喜欢欺骗性。如果打开以后根本这个人不认识，或者这个人准备推销，那么邮件读了个开头就被会删除。如果你和对方素不相识，那么可能你的开发信要经过几次转手才能到采购的邮箱中。而这途中被删除的可能太高。所以我现在发开发信，标题我已经开始注意尽量不用RE： FW： 开头。 </p><p>客户给了我一个建议，比如：Exciting Update from PIS Company–Walmart Approved Supplier  我觉还不错！ </p><p>再分享补充我的一些思路： </p><ol><li><p>客户网站上找素材 </p><p> 还是那句话，对口的客户不能轻易放过，不抛弃，不放弃！看看他的网站上，有没有公司明显的标语，核心价值(core value)，总裁致辞等等。。好好看看，然后借用内容过来，放在标题里。这样对方想不打开都不行。 </p><p> 打个比方，我曾经找到一个客户，经过初步调查分析，客户是真实的买家。我激动地准备些邮件。当时我邮件标题是这么写的： </p><p> Attn:GDP Inc - Professional Manufacturer – Safety vests，发了等了两天都没回复。重新发送，还是没回复，这时我在客户网站上看到一行大字：“Secure Your Daily Work” </p><p> 好吧，我把标题栏换成了： Secure Your Daily Work, can we involved ? </p><p> 结果没用多久，对方的采购就回复了：Thanks for your interest in applying for our supplier… </p><p> 所以，我也常跟业务员说：Try one last time before you quit! 放弃之前再试最后一次！ </p><p> 其实这个道理很简单，却很少有人使用。比如： </p><p> 你是一家ABS面板制造商，给格力空调的采购部发开发信，想给格力供面板。邮件标题是“ABS面板材料供应商- XXX公司”，但实际上是，给格力发过邮件的公司有五六十家，对方采购也比较忙，看到这个邮件标题，这公司没联系过啊，删了。 </p><p> 可是如果你的邮件标题是“好空调格力造”，那对方是什么反应？？肯定相当好奇，急切点开看看是什么邮件。 </p><p> 再多思考一步，如果你的邮件标题是格力的最大竞争对手美的的标语，那对方又是什么反应，恐怕点开速度比前一种更快。（当然也许不太恰当，我还没亲自实践过这种。。有勇气的我不负责啊） </p></li><li><p>以客户利益为目标，越具体越好 </p><p> 比如，客户行业对口，但是网站上没有看到你这类产品，不知道对方是否做这类产品： </p><p> 初步设定：Expand your safety products line with economy items – PIS company </p><p> 接着进行改造：Economy safety products –Revenue 20% up – PIS company   </p><p> 加上对方公司，最终改造为： </p><p> Attn:GDP INC - Economy safety products getRevenue up – PIS company </p><p> Attn:GDP INC - Economy safety products getRevenue 20% up – PIS company </p></li><li><p>以主打产品为标题，一目了然 </p><p> Attn:purchasing - Featured products/ Safetyvests  – PIS company </p></li><li><p>以市场信息为标题 </p><p> 例如： </p><p> PIS Company: Nonwovenmaterial rise in April </p></li><li><p>直接表明意图 </p><p> PIS Company: How could we be your possible vendor?</p></li></ol><h2 id="少图片-少链接"><a href="#少图片-少链接" class="headerlink" title="少图片 少链接"></a>少图片 少链接</h2><p>第一封邮件中尽量不使用图片和超链接。 </p><p>图片：很多反垃圾邮件机制对图片很敏感！ </p><p>图片会很直接，但是垃圾邮件过滤器却不这么认为。有些国外邮件客户端默认就不显示图片，这样你的图片就变成了blocked images ！我们再来看看对方客户有什么建议！ </p><p>For security reasons, my email client is configured not to display embedded messages. I know, it makes reading fancy sales pitches less enjoyable, but it keeps my system cleaner. And I’m not the only one - several webmail systems don’t display images by default (in some, the user needs to opt to turn them on per message). What’s the worst is that: some people lack of acknowdge of email rules and using entirely image-based email. </p><p>（因为安全的问题，我的邮件客户端默认设置不显示内嵌的信息…这样可以保持我系统干净…很多网页邮件系统也是默认不显示图片的…最让人讨厌的是有些营销的邮件整个就是完全的用的一张大图片。OH NO~）</p><p>如果一定要放图片，还要控制好图片的大小，尽量不超过50K。 </p><p>超链接：能不用超链接就不用。 </p><p>文中千万不要写类似：For more details, pls visit our website <www.xxxx.com>之类的文字！ </www.xxxx.com></p><p>签名处，别写MSN和你的Email地址。客户如果想回复你就直接回复了，没必要还要在签名中写一遍邮件地址。MSN的账号是邮箱形式，最好MSN不写。网址是一定要写的，不过不要带超链接。只是显示网址而已，但不跳转链接。</p><p>具体方法：如果是FOXMAIL，可以在签名管理里面在网址上鼠标右击“取消超链接”。 </p><p>OK，这样一分析，我们基本上做到了 NO Image, NO Hyperlink  ！！ </p><h2 id="行文简洁清晰"><a href="#行文简洁清晰" class="headerlink" title="行文简洁清晰"></a>行文简洁清晰</h2><p>邮件的正文也非常重要，务必在有限的空间中把意思表达清楚，能用一个词表达就不要用两个词，尽量压缩压缩再压缩，主动改被动语态，可省略的尽量省略。我就不发任何内容了，相信很多人都收藏了各种版本的模板。也有看了我之前那个回复率20%的开发信范例的。这里还是继续用那个开发信范例，但是结合前面说到的SPAM词，来做修改：</p><pre>Dear Henry, Glad to learn you're on the market of XXX products. 260 workers, 25000 ㎡ non-dust workshop, 12 years experience, 3 years' vendor ofWal-mart, ISO, CE & FDA certificated, one hour reach Wuhan port, this ishow we keep good quality and reliable cooperation for global valued customers. Our main products cover most of PPE industry products while ourfeatured products are all type of safety vests. If any product meet your demand, please contact us. We are sure anyyour question will get our prompt reply. Best regards, Sam </pre><p>这样的表达算是比较简洁清晰，我们已经注意到SPAM词，因此内容应该算比较安全。因此做到了简洁，展现实力，内容清晰。<br>但是仍然不够，我们仍有可以改进的地方！那就是 KEY POINT !! </p><h2 id="Key-Points"><a href="#Key-Points" class="headerlink" title="Key Points!!"></a>Key Points!!</h2><p>开发信中，一个很明显的规律是：你对客户公司有多少了解，你的内容就有多少能引起对方兴趣的地方。说白了，为了进入对方的视野，你需要前期了解这个客户。然后你的邮件才能有“料”，有吸引对方注意力和兴趣的内容或者是否对对方有价值，有帮助。 </p><p>我举这样一个例子： </p><p>很多人经常会收到各种海关数据的营销邮件。很多人的本能是不相信此类数据，原因在于它颠覆了外贸业务开发客户的思想，让你轻松地获得了很多进口商的资料。此类邮件如果一周收到一封，那你要烦死了。不过我们转换一下思路，如果我是卖海关数据的，看看我会怎么去引起潜在客户的注意：   </p><p>第一封邮件：列出你公司去年出口的北美客户的提单数据，买家公司名，只截取一小块，然后告诉你，试试海关数据开发客户的威力吧，它有真实的数据让你信服。 这封你有些好奇了，还真的找到了我的北美客户。但是仍不是完全相信，没回复。好吧。我们接着来：） </p><p>第二封邮件：我们为您列出了客户，他们或许是你的同行，你的竞争对手。他们已经在使用海关数据找客户了，列出两个行业内有代表性的进口商。你还在保持沉默吗？ 你被调动了极高的兴趣，但是又犹豫效果真的这么好吗？你还是没有回应。好吧，再来！ </p><p>第三封邮件：很简单，就一句话：很多你的竞争对手在关注你的北美出口记录，你还不行动起来？？  （影响到自己的切身利益了，赶紧电话过去咨询了解。）   </p><p>目前很少有卖海关数据的营销人员能思考到第三个问题的层次，而这样多思考一层就能有效地激发客户兴趣和行动！   </p><p>举这个例子，是为了说明，当你还没有进入客户的视野时，你应该多思考，怎样引起客户的注意和兴趣，让你能够进入客户的视线并对你有兴趣。多和他谈一些他市场上的信息，以及告诉他你对他们公司的了解，包括他可能的竞争对手，或者同行什么的，这样你才能进入他的视野。他会觉得你说的就是他行业的事情。<br>你能带给客户什么价值？传递什么服务？你和别的供应商有哪些不同？你有哪些参考客户？你能帮我们具体解决什么问题？ 等等，这些都是外贸业务员需要深层次去考虑的地方。 </p><p>好了，看到这里的朋友，你一定是我的忠实的读者！好，那么我就来贡献一下，我再改一下上面的开发信，让它省级，更显威力！ </p><pre>Attn: GDP INC - Economy safety products get Revenue 20% up – PIS companyDear purchasing manager,We are professional manufacturer of labor safety products. (简洁地介绍自己。不再花费语言去展示实力，不过多说我如何如何，准备说我能为你做什么！)With reference to your safety products on your website, we found it’s a pity that there is no economy choice for customers such as SAFETY VESTS, which are just our featured products.  (存在的问题以及和你有什么联系)We have some reference cases and solutions of US safety companies like you, with our superior quality products, they got a 20% revenue up. We believe it’s a good supplement to your product offering. ( 可信的合作获益保障 )Should you have any interest, please contact us for possible deal, thanks !Best regards,Sam</pre><p>怎么写的有“料”，我就不多说了，这里引申到此，仁者见仁，智者见智。总之多动脑筋，销售才能做好！</p><h2 id="运气-OR时机"><a href="#运气-OR时机" class="headerlink" title="运气 OR时机 !!"></a>运气 OR时机 !!</h2><p>这个没什么好说的，但却非常重要！！有的时候时机好，甚至可以颠覆以上所有内容！！</p><p>有时候，一封平淡无奇的开发信，只要客户正处于想更换供应商，或者增加供应商，或者正有比较比价的需求，照样会回复你。</p><p>但是我们不能靠运气，因为成功，永远不是只靠运气！共勉！</p><style>pre {    white-space: pre-wrap;       /* CSS 3 */    white-space: -moz-pre-wrap;  /* Mozilla, since 1999 */    white-space: -pre-wrap;      /* Opera 4-6 */    white-space: -o-pre-wrap;    /* Opera 7 */    word-wrap: break-word;       /* Internet Explorer 5.5+ */}</style>]]></content>
    
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        &lt;p&gt;高回复率 =Basic Search, Target Right (初步调查，有的放矢) + 避开SPAM过滤词 + 少图片少链接 + 好的标题 + 行文简洁清晰 + 有吸引客户的Key Point + 运气or时机（排最后但是占了不少权重！）&lt;/p&gt;
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      <category term="Marketing" scheme="http://blog.inesoi.com/categories/Marketing/"/>
    
    
      <category term="marketing" scheme="http://blog.inesoi.com/tags/marketing/"/>
    
  </entry>
  
  <entry>
    <title>跟进客户</title>
    <link href="http://blog.inesoi.com/fs-customer-flow-up.html"/>
    <id>http://blog.inesoi.com/fs-customer-flow-up.html</id>
    <published>2015-07-29T16:00:00.000Z</published>
    <updated>2018-08-19T10:09:33.799Z</updated>
    
    <content type="html"><![CDATA[<p>我曾经询价一款纸巾，同时问江门的工厂和香港的贸易商同时询价，以下是我当初的邮件，这个Michael是工厂的业务经理。</p><pre>Dear Michael,Glad to see you in the fair. Enclosed is our paper napkin sourcing request. Please give me quotes urgently.Best regards,C</pre><p>然后呢，同样的邮件，发给香港的贸易公司，只是把Michael改成Stanley，内容一字不改。下面就是工厂业务主管Michael给我的回复：</p><pre>Dear C,Very glad to meet you in the fair! And thank you very much for your inquiry!As for your request, 30x30cm paper napkin, we don't have this size. We mainly supply 25x25cm or 33x33cm. If you insist on purchasing 30x30, the MOQ will be at least 2 ton.Please visit our website www.***.comIf you have any interest, we will be happy to give you offer.Thanks a lot!Best regards,Michael</pre><p>说实话，Michael不愧经验丰富，邮件写得四平八稳，回复效率也很高，没有任何废话，要说的点都说到了，因为没有30x30，就直接推荐了常用的25x25以及33x33，算不错了。</p><p>当晚也收到了香港贸易商的回复，业务员Stanley回了我邮件：</p><pre>C,Thanks for the inquiry. Regarding 30x30 napkin, our factories don't have this size.Please check the attached quotes based on 25x25 and 33x33, in both 2-ply and 3-ply. All our items will be strictly according to FDA/GRAS regulation.Our MOQ is 3000 units per color per design. And normally, our US customer choose 24pcs or 48pcs per polybag. I will send you some more photos in seperate email.By the way, I visited your company website and found your stores are all located in the east coast of US. Our other US customer *** placed a big order in X'mas napkin set, together with paper plate and mugs. I will show you the photos with quotes later for evaluation.If any samples needed, please let me know and also advise your courier account.Thanks,Stanley</pre><p>以上是Stanley的邮件原文，我把涉及到的公司名隐去了。我先以我个人的想法来点评一下Stanley的邮件。</p><p>这邮件看似有点长，但没有一句废话；首先说明30x30这个尺寸，他们工厂没有。随即根据25x25和33x33给我报价，2层的，3层的，都报给我参考，这一步就做得好，因为主动，而不是推一下动一下，尽管价格可能高，或者可能报低了，但是这些都不重要，重要的是如何互动，如何一开始就打开僵局，争取到机会。</p><p>然后后面那句，所有的产品，都严格遵循美国FDA的GRAS标准，这句话就打消了买手的顾虑，也是大部分国内业务员的最大软肋，不懂测试，其实香港业务员很多也不太懂测试，但是他们只要知道，买手关注什么，他们需要注意什么，平时多注意，多积累，就可以了。我也经常问国内工厂的业务员，产品有出过美国么？有，很多。那有通过测试么？有，我们有FDA。但问题是，FDA只是美国食品药品管理局，你们具体做了哪些测试？就答不上来了。当然，buyer做久了，就会发现Stanley是留有后路的，他说的是according to，产品能遵循美国的测试标准，仅仅是“遵循“，并没有说他手里有报告，但是这不重要，至少已经比那位Michael给我印象好多了，一下子就让我觉得他至少了解美国的标准。</p><p>然后无需挤牙膏，直接告诉我MOQ是3000套，每套24或者48一个塑料袋。然后会给我多点图片，另外发邮件给我。这样我就会再等他的邮件。这是人的本能反应。然后他说，看了看你的网址，发现你们是美国公司，主要的店都在美东，然后说他另外一个美国客户，下个一个圣诞系列的大单，把纸巾配合纸餐盘和纸杯做套装，会给我多些图片。这样我就会有兴趣继续看。</p><p>最后有需要会提供样品，这倒没什么，谁都能做到，但是在邮件里提一下，终究是一个补充。</p><p>这两封email，其实都在跟进我这个询价的case。但是谁“跟进”这块做得更好？后续是，Michael这边过阵子有邮件过来，就是问“有消息么？”“有什么进展？”“选择哪一种尺寸？”等等。Stanley也在跟进，也有不少email，但是就像第一封一样，跟进的每封都是不同主题，比如给我看详细的一些产品大图；给我看他们另一个美东客人采购的产品套装，顺便告诉我他们的包装方式以及可以给我的价格和MOQ；发我他们的产品测试报告和工厂的验厂报告（尽管工厂的名字都是用photoshop打黑的）；也询问我的采购计划和促销季节，以便给更好的方案和建议，相互去配合。</p><p>这样的“跟进”，是不是更能吸引客户？也许每个人看法不同，但是我觉得，Stanley至少做到了非常有效也非常高效的互动，找到了突破点。可能价格问题，数量问题，还需要纠结，还需要谈判。但是Follow-up的核心，我觉得是吸引客户原因跟你一直探讨，一直谈判，这样才有机会。价格不好，可以谈嘛；付款方式问题，也可以商量。这些都是后续的问题，可以一步步去解决，不是么？</p><style>pre {    white-space: pre-wrap;       /* CSS 3 */    white-space: -moz-pre-wrap;  /* Mozilla, since 1999 */    white-space: -pre-wrap;      /* Opera 4-6 */    white-space: -o-pre-wrap;    /* Opera 7 */    word-wrap: break-word;       /* Internet Explorer 5.5+ */}</style>]]></content>
    
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        &lt;p&gt;我曾经询价一款纸巾，同时问江门的工厂和香港的贸易商同时询价，以下是我当初的邮件，这个Michael是工厂的业务经理。&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;pre&gt;
Dear Michael,

Glad to see you in the fair. Enclosed is our paper na
      
    
    </summary>
    
      <category term="Marketing" scheme="http://blog.inesoi.com/categories/Marketing/"/>
    
    
  </entry>
  
  <entry>
    <title>邮件回复</title>
    <link href="http://blog.inesoi.com/english-email.html"/>
    <id>http://blog.inesoi.com/english-email.html</id>
    <published>2015-07-29T16:00:00.000Z</published>
    <updated>2018-08-19T10:09:33.799Z</updated>
    
    <content type="html"><![CDATA[<h2 id="表达邮件目的"><a href="#表达邮件目的" class="headerlink" title="表达邮件目的"></a>表达邮件目的</h2><ul><li>I am writing to confirm/enquire/inform you…<br>我发邮件是想找你确认/询问/想通知你 有关…</li><li>I am writing to follow up on our earlier decision on the marketing campaign in Q2.<br>我写邮件来是为了跟进我们之前对第二季度营销活动的决定。</li><li>With reference to our telephone conversation today…<br>关于我们今天在电话中的谈话…</li><li>In my previous e-mail on October 5…<br>在之前10月5日所写的邮件中提到…</li><li>As I mentioned earlier about…<br>在先前我所提到的关于…</li><li>As indicated in my previous e-mail…<br>如我在之前邮件中所提到的…</li><li>As we discussed on the phone…<br>如我们上次在电话中所说的…</li><li>from our decision at the previous meeting…<br>如我们在上次会议中所决定的…</li><li>as you requested…<br>根据贵方要求…</li><li>In reply to your e-mail dated April 1，we decided…<br>回复贵方4月1日的邮件，我方决定…</li><li>This is in response to your e-mail today.<br>这是对您今早发来的邮件的回复。</li><li>As mentioned before, we deem this product has strong unique selling points in china.<br>如先前所述，我们认为这个产品在中国有强有力且独一无二的销售点。</li><li>As a follow-up to our phone conversation yesterday, I wanted to get back to you about the pending issues of our agreement.<br>追踪我们昨天在电话中所谈，我想答复你我们合约的一些待解决的议题。</li><li>I received your voice message regarding the subject. I’m wondering if you can elaborate i.e. provide more details.<br>我收到了你关于这个主题的留言。我在想您你是否可以再详尽的说明一下，也就是再提供多一点相关细节。</li></ul><h2 id="告知"><a href="#告知" class="headerlink" title="告知"></a>告知</h2><ul><li>Please be advised/informed that…<br>请被告知…</li><li>Please note that…<br>请注意…</li><li>We would like to inform you that…<br>我们想要通知你…</li><li>I am convinced that…<br>我确信…</li><li>We agree with you on…<br>我们同意你在…的看法。</li><li>With effect from 4 Oct., 2008…<br>从2008年10月4日开始生效…</li><li>We will have a meeting scheduled as noted below…<br>我们将举行一个会议，会议时间表如下。</li><li>Be assured that individual statistics are not disclosed and this is for internal use only.<br>请确保个人信息不会外泄且只供内部使用。</li><li>I am delighted to tell you that…<br>我很高兴地告诉你…</li><li>We are pleased to learn that…<br>我们很高兴得知…</li><li>We wish to notify you that…<br>我们希望通知你…</li><li>Congratulation on your…<br>恭喜您…</li><li>I am fine with the proposal.<br>我对这份提案没异议。</li><li>I am pleased to inform you that you have been accepted to join the workshop scheduled for 22-24 Nov,2008.<br>我十分高兴地通知你，我们已经同意您参加于2008年11月22-24日举行的研讨会。</li><li>We are sorry to inform you that…<br>我们很抱歉地通知您…</li><li>I’m afraid I have some bad news. 恐怕我今天要宣布一些坏消息。</li><li>There are a number of issues with our new system.<br>我们的新系统有些问题。</li><li>Due to circumstances beyond our control…<br>由于情况超出我们的控制…</li><li>I don’t feel too optimistic about…<br>我对…不太乐观</li><li>It would be difficult for us to accept…<br>我们很难接受…</li><li>Unfortunately I have to say that, since receiving your enquiries on the subject, our view has not changed.<br>我不得不这么说，自从收到你关于这个主题的询问，我们的看法都没有改变。</li><li>We would be grateful if you could…<br>如果你可以…我们会很感激的。</li><li>I could appreciate it if you could…<br>如果你可以…我会很感激。</li><li>Would you please send us…?<br>你能否寄给我们…？</li><li>We need your help.<br>我们需要你的帮助。</li><li>We seek your assistance to cascade/reply this message to your staff.<br>我们希望您能将此信息传达给你们的员工，非常感谢。</li><li>We look forward to your clarification.<br>我们期待你的澄清。</li><li>Your prompt attention to this matter will be appreciated.<br>您若能立即关注此事，我们将非常感激。</li><li>I would really appreciate meeting up if you can spare the time. Please let me know what suits you best.<br>如果您能从百忙中抽出时间，我希望能与您见面，请让我知道您最适合的时间。</li><li>Please give us your preliminary thoughts about this.<br>请让我知道您对这件事情初步的想法。</li><li>Would you please reply to this e-mail if you plan to attend?<br>请您回信如果您计划参加？</li><li>Please advise if you agree with this approach.<br>请告知我们你是否同意这个方法。</li><li>Could you please let me know the status of this project?<br>请通知我这个计划的进度？</li><li>If possible, I hope to receive a copy of your proposal when it is finished.<br>如果可能，当你完成提案，我希望你能发一份复本给我。</li><li>I would appreciate it very much if you would send me your reply by next Monday.<br>如果能在下周一前收到您的答复，我将非常感激。</li><li>Hope this is OK with you. If not, let me know by e-mail ASAP.<br>希望您满意，如果不满意，请发邮件尽快通知我。</li><li>Could you please send me your replies to the above questions by the end of June?<br>请您在6月份前答复我上述问题好吗？</li><li>May I have your reply by April 1, if possible?<br>如果可能，我可否在4月1日前收到您的答复？</li><li>If you wish, we would be happy to…<br>如果你有需要，我们很乐意…</li><li>Please let me know if there’s anything I can do to help.<br>如果我有什么可以帮得上忙的, 请告诉我。<br>55.If there’s anything else I can do for you on/regarding this matter, please feel free to contact me at any time.<br>对于这件事，如果还有什么我能帮得上忙的地方，请随时与我联络。<br>56.If you want additional recommendations on this, please let us know and we can try to see if this is possible.<br>如果关于此事你需要额外的建议，请让我们知道，我们会试着看看这是否可行。</li><li>I’m just writing to remind you of…<br>我只是写信来提醒您…</li><li>May we remind you that…?<br>我们想要提醒您…</li></ul><h2 id="附件"><a href="#附件" class="headerlink" title="附件"></a>附件</h2><ul><li>I am enclosing…<br>我附上…</li><li>Please find enclosed…<br>请查阅附件…</li><li>Attached hereto…<br>附件是关于…</li><li>Attached please find the most up-to-date information on/regarding/concerning…<br>附上关于某某的最新资料…</li><li>Attached please find the draft product plan for your review and comment.<br>附上产品计划书的草稿，请审查及评价。</li><li>If you have any further questions, please feel free to contact me.<br>如果你有任何问题，请随时与我联系。</li><li>I hope my clarification has been helpful.<br>希望我的说明对你有所帮助。</li><li>Please feel free to call me at any time, I will continually provide full support.<br>请随时与我联系，我将持续地提供全程支持。</li><li>Please let me know if this is suitable.<br>请让我知道这是否恰当。</li><li>Looking forward to seeing you soon.<br>很期待能尽快见到你。</li><li>We look forward to hearing from you soon.<br>我们很期待能得到您的回复。</li><li>Hope this is clear and we are happy to discuss this further if necessary.<br>希望上述说明很清楚，如有必要，我们很乐意再进一步讨论。</li><li>I look forward to receiving your reply soon.<br>我期待很快能收到你的回复。</li><li>Looking forward to receiving your comments in due course.<br>期待在预期的时间收到你的反馈。</li><li>I’ll keep you posted.<br>我会与你保持联系。</li><li>Please keep me informed on the matter.<br>请随时让我知道这件事的发展。</li><li>For any comments/suggestions, please contact Nadia at 2552-7482.<br>有任何评价或建议，请拨打2552-7482联络Nadia。</li></ul><h2 id="抱歉"><a href="#抱歉" class="headerlink" title="抱歉"></a>抱歉</h2><ul><li>I would like to apologize for…<br>我想就…道歉…</li><li>I apologize for the delay in…<br>对于…的耽搁，我深感抱歉。</li><li>We are sorry for any inconvenience caused.<br>对于产生的任何不便，我们感到抱歉。</li><li>I am sorry for any inconvenience this has caused you.<br>对于造成的不便，我深感抱歉。</li><li>I’m sorry about last time.<br>上次的事我很抱歉。</li><li>We apologize for not replying you earlier.<br>对于未能早一点回信给你，我们感到抱歉。</li><li>I’m really sorry about this.<br>这件事，我真的很抱歉。</li><li>Sorry, I’m late in replying to your e-mail dated Monday, April 1.<br>抱歉，太迟回您在4月1日（星期一）发给我的邮件。</li><li>We apologize for the delay and hope that it doesn’t inconvenience you too much.<br>我们为耽搁道歉，希望这没有给您带来太多不便。</li><li>Hoping that this will not cause you too much trouble.<br>希望不会为您造成太多麻烦。</li><li>Sorry if my voice message is not clear enough.<br>如果我的电话留言不够清楚,我深感抱歉。</li></ul><h2 id="感谢"><a href="#感谢" class="headerlink" title="感谢"></a>感谢</h2><ul><li>Your understanding and cooperation is greatly/highly appreciated.<br>很感激您的理解及合作。</li><li>Your prompt response will be most appreciated.<br>很感激您快速的答复。</li><li>Once again, thank you all for your commitment and support.<br>再一次感谢大家的承诺及支持。</li><li>Thanks for your input/clarification/message.<br>谢谢你的投入/澄清/信息。</li><li>Any comments will be much appreciated.<br>对于您提出的任何建议，我将深表感谢。</li><li>Thank you very much for everything you’ve done for me.<br>谢谢你为我所做的一切。</li><li>I would appreciate your kindest understanding with/regarding this matter.<br>我很感激你对这件事情的理解。</li><li>Please convey my thanks to all the staff involved, they certainly did an excellent job.<br>请向有关的同仁传达我的谢意，他们真的干得很好。</li><li>Thank you for your help.<br>谢谢你的帮助。</li><li>I appreciate very much that you…<br>我非常感激你…</li><li>I truly appreciate it.<br>我真的很感激。</li><li>Thank you for your participation.<br>谢谢你的参与。</li><li>Thank you so much for inviting me.<br>非常感谢您的邀请。</li><li>Congratulations to all of you and thanks for your efforts.<br>恭喜各位并十分感谢各位所做的努力。</li></ul>]]></content>
    
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        &lt;h2 id=&quot;表达邮件目的&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;#表达邮件目的&quot; class=&quot;headerlink&quot; title=&quot;表达邮件目的&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;表达邮件目的&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;I am writing to confirm/enquire/inform you…&lt;br&gt;我
      
    
    </summary>
    
      <category term="Marketing" scheme="http://blog.inesoi.com/categories/Marketing/"/>
    
    
  </entry>
  
  <entry>
    <title>如何与客户沟通</title>
    <link href="http://blog.inesoi.com/fs-communicate.html"/>
    <id>http://blog.inesoi.com/fs-communicate.html</id>
    <published>2015-07-28T16:00:00.000Z</published>
    <updated>2018-08-19T10:09:33.798Z</updated>
    
    <content type="html"><![CDATA[<p>销售的重要准则是：自己少说，多提问。鼓励客户多说，引导客户多说。 </p><p>当潜在客户提出一个需要用“是”或“不”来回答的问题，我一般不会用“是”或“不是”回答他。</p><p>我总是试着以提问的形式来回复，或者在我的回答最后加上一个问题。我认为这样有两个好处： </p><ol><li>由我来控制整个产品介绍的过程 </li><li>可以逐渐发现客户的需求 </li></ol><p>如果按直觉去做，做法通常是这样的：如果确切知道答案是肯定的，就会毫不犹豫地以肯定语气去回答。或者是回复得过于直接。 </p><p>例如：</p><ul><li>“你们有这个型号的产品吗？” “有的”</li><li>“有带 XXX 功能的吗” “是的”</li><li>“有CE认证吗？”      “有的”</li><li>“你们交货期要多长时间？” “一般是30天”</li><li>“可以接受L/C付款方式吗？”“可以的”</li></ul><p>其实，所有这些回答不仅不妥，而且造成了沟通的断裂。当你简单地回复完问题后，你往往是在忐忑不安地等待客户的反应和下一个问题，而忘了评估这个问题对客户的重要性。</p><p>回答问题的规则是：利用潜在客户的问题来考量对方的需求，并且有目的地提问。</p><p>当你得到潜在客户的购买信号之后，最好能够想出一个回应的问题，获得更多的信息和key point。适当提出问题很重要，对于销售来说，没有提问，几乎达成不了销售。</p><p>比如：</p><ul><li>“你们有 XX 产品吗？”</li><li>“有的。您的数量有多少？这个产品是您主要采购的产品吗？”</li></ul><p>对客户更多了解。</p><ul><li>“这个产品可以做单只包装吗？”</li><li>“可以的，这是您市场上常见的包装方式吗？”</li></ul><p>作为一份市场行情信息。</p><ul><li>“你们多久可以交货？”</li><li><p>“您希望我们多久交货？我们正常的交货期为40天（虚报多10天），但是如果您急要货，我们可以努力30天交货（体现你的努力）</p></li><li><p>“你们可以提供免费样品吗？”</p></li><li>“可以的。请问您是否确认价格？”</li></ul><p>考量价格接受能力</p><p>一个反问有时能弄清楚客户的需求点，比如客户对交期的要求很紧迫，那么说明这是客户的一个key point，那么针对这个需求下文章。 </p><p>当然，我并不是说直接回答不好，可以直接回答，然后再紧接着一个促使成交的问题。 </p><p>例如：</p><ul><li>“价格高了，能给点折扣吗？”</li><li>“根据目前的数量，我们很难提供折扣。但如果您现在就订购，我来请示一下领导看看。其他方面如付款方式，交货期您是否可以接受？”</li><li>“你们有价格低一些的产品线吗？我想作为参考。”</li><li>“当然有的。如果价格您满意的话，您需要尽快考虑是否订购，因为我们低价格产品的库存不多了。这样吧，我报个价格给您，您如果确认价格OK，我把两种品质的样品寄给您比较一下，您看怎么样？”</li><li>“有CE认证吗？有SGS认证吗？”</li><li>“当然。以上两个认证请见附件中，另外附上其他的认证。如果您不放心，我建议您可以先试订一台样机。贵司主要是卖给食品餐饮行业的客户吗？”</li></ul><p>不善于倾听和提问的业务员，会流失很多业务机会，我举个例子吧，比如：</p><p>打个比方，你卖空调，有客户问：什么价格。你回答：2980元。</p><p>然后客户拍拍屁股继续往下一家逛了。你追过去问，价格怎么样嘛？想不想买嘛？给个回复嘛……  客户不理会你，继续他逛他的。这跟外贸中是一个道理。</p><p>除非就你一个供应商在报价，他会追着屁股问你，否则你在沟通中已处劣势。</p><ul><li>客户问：什么价格？ </li><li>你问：您要几台？（确定数量）</li><li>房间面积多大？是用在自己住的房子还是用租房子用的？ （产品用在什么场所，为客户考虑方案 ） </li></ul><p>客户回答：我买2台。都是放在自己住的房间里用。房间面积大概13个平米左右吧。</p><p>你再问：平时使用得多吗？夏天和冬天一直用还是夏天和冬天里偶尔使用消暑御寒？（了解对产品的依赖和需求程度）</p><p>客户回答：夏天和冬天一直用的。家里房子户型不好，夏热东冷。 </p><p>你再引导：好的，像您这样的需求，其实可以考虑两种方案： </p><ol><li>自用的话可以考虑买个质量好点的变频空调，省电节能环保。目前我们市场上卖得非常好的是1.5匹的这种带智能恒温的，能效比为1级，两台的话我可以申请一下好一点的促销价。 </li><li>或者您也可以看看我们性价比最高的这一款，其实这款也非常不错，是我们五一时候促销的主打机型….. </li></ol><p>有时候需求需要你去探究和引导。有时候客户也不知道自己想要什么样的产品。</p><p>外贸销售的一些规则，自己总结的，仅供参考。</p><ul><li>在你问完问题后，闭上嘴巴。注意倾听客户真正需求。这是销售第一原则，更是礼貌！！很多人不懂。客户正要说什么你却急着又开始说……</li><li>集中力量在最基础的事情上，把基础性工作做扎实</li><li>要以双赢为目标进行销售，不要把提成当作目标</li><li>相信自己的产品和服务是最好的，这种信心客户会看得见</li><li>想尽一切办法努力建立客户关系及信任</li><li>掌握关于你产品的所有知识，武装成产品专家，表现出专业</li><li>说真话，永远不要把以前说过的话忘到九霄云外。客户对你说过的每一句话都会记得！</li><li>不要贬损你的竞争对手，你要做的是通过充足的准备和创造性使自己从对手中脱颖而出</li><li>对客户的拒绝重新认识，他们不是在拒绝你，而是在拒绝你的条件！</li><li>勤奋会带来幸运。一天工作十二小时以上的业务员我见过很多</li><li>有错误不要找借口，及时承认，但不要随便道歉或者长篇大论地道歉！客户不喜欢。你只需要说的是这的确是我的工作失误，希望没有带给你任何困惑或麻烦。一次错误就是一次改进的机会！</li><li>反复练习如何提问。</li></ul>]]></content>
    
    <summary type="html">
    
      
      
        &lt;p&gt;销售的重要准则是：自己少说，多提问。鼓励客户多说，引导客户多说。 &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;当潜在客户提出一个需要用“是”或“不”来回答的问题，我一般不会用“是”或“不是”回答他。&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;我总是试着以提问的形式来回复，或者在我的回答最后加上一个问题。我认为这样有两个好处： &lt;
      
    
    </summary>
    
      <category term="Marketing" scheme="http://blog.inesoi.com/categories/Marketing/"/>
    
    
  </entry>
  
  <entry>
    <title>计算箱包材料成本</title>
    <link href="http://blog.inesoi.com/bag-price.html"/>
    <id>http://blog.inesoi.com/bag-price.html</id>
    <published>2015-07-28T16:00:00.000Z</published>
    <updated>2018-08-19T10:09:33.798Z</updated>
    
    <content type="html"><![CDATA[<p>算料说白了其实很简单的，就是计算材料的面积</p><p>计算面积公式大家都知道 就是 “长*宽” 得出的结果就是一片材料的面积了。</p><p>当然如果有师傅开好的纸格的话就最好了</p><p>你先要做的就是 :</p><ol><li>把师傅的纸格先按照材料来进行分类。</li><li>主料放一起，配料放一起，托料放一起。</li><li>然后逐个的把每种材料的每件纸格的长宽量出来。注意，师傅的纸格上一般会写上件数的，因为有时候一件纸格是要用到好几个地方的,所以要把这些数据都记录下来。</li><li>然后把每种材料的纸格数据整理好，按照长<em>宽</em>件数的格式排列下去，把结果加在一起，算出个总数来。</li></ol>]]></content>
    
    <summary type="html">
    
      
      
        &lt;p&gt;算料说白了其实很简单的，就是计算材料的面积&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;计算面积公式大家都知道 就是 “长*宽” 得出的结果就是一片材料的面积了。&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;当然如果有师傅开好的纸格的话就最好了&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;你先要做的就是 :&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ol&gt;
&lt;li&gt;把师傅的纸格先按照材料来进行
      
    
    </summary>
    
      <category term="Bag" scheme="http://blog.inesoi.com/categories/Bag/"/>
    
    
      <category term="bag" scheme="http://blog.inesoi.com/tags/bag/"/>
    
      <category term="material" scheme="http://blog.inesoi.com/tags/material/"/>
    
  </entry>
  
  <entry>
    <title>询盘技巧</title>
    <link href="http://blog.inesoi.com/fs-inquiry.html"/>
    <id>http://blog.inesoi.com/fs-inquiry.html</id>
    <published>2015-07-26T16:00:00.000Z</published>
    <updated>2018-08-19T10:09:33.798Z</updated>
    
    <content type="html"><![CDATA[<h2 id="分析客户询盘"><a href="#分析客户询盘" class="headerlink" title="分析客户询盘"></a>分析客户询盘</h2><ol><li><p>从询盘邮件内容分析客户意向</p><ul><li>客户（基本信息）</li><li>客户所询问的问题或产品（客人所关注的问题）</li><li>寻找邮件中客人提及的一些侧面信息，如客户的类型，对应的市场等等</li></ul></li><li><p>从客户的公司资料分析客户背景（公司规模，业务范围，公司性质，销售或代理的品牌，产品市场定位）</p><ul><li>会员的年份</li><li>将公司名称通过搜索引擎了解一些公司情况</li><li>公司地址：可通过街景搜索了解具体的位置，或辨别客人信息真实性</li><li>邮箱：一般大公司会用自己公司邮箱,留意邮箱后缀，有些就是公司网站，如果是hotmail,yahoo。QQ等有即时聊天工具的邮箱，可尝试申请加客人为好友，方便更好，更快地交流</li><li>公司网站：研究客户公司网站（几个主要页面以及下载客户的E-catalog, 研究并找出有价值的信息点）</li></ul></li></ol><h2 id="回盘的五要素"><a href="#回盘的五要素" class="headerlink" title="回盘的五要素"></a>回盘的五要素</h2><h3 id="标题"><a href="#标题" class="headerlink" title="标题"></a>标题</h3><p>重要性：能让你的邮件在客户众多邮件中脱颖而出，决定客户是否会看你的邮件。</p><p>注意事项：突出卖点或邮件主题，可以是产品名称、产品系列、单价、客户名称、公司名称、邮件主要内容等等。</p><h3 id="称呼"><a href="#称呼" class="headerlink" title="称呼"></a>称呼</h3><p>尽量简单口语化的称呼，无须使用如：Dear Mr.XXX之类的表达。具体称呼可以根据你和客人的熟悉程度而定，首次联系最好不要直呼其名，尽量简单口语化。比如“Hi Kelsey, Ms. Kelsey, Dear Kelsey…..etc</p><h3 id="正文"><a href="#正文" class="headerlink" title="正文"></a>正文</h3><p>投“客”所好，简洁明了。决定客户是否有兴趣回复你。</p><pre>Hi, xxx,With the honor we received your inquiry dated _3rd March 2014_.Thank you for your interest in our _kinds' toothbrush_.<span style="font-weight: bold">About us:</span>We are manufacturer of kinds of _toothbrushes_ over 10 years' experience with FDA approval. We are professional in OEM and ODM service.<span style="font-weight: bold">About your inquiry:</span>A quotation list is attached for your reference. These models have met a warm welcome in _Brazil market_.If you have any question, please contact me freely.We sincerely want to enter into business relation with you.Best RegardsLindaSales Manager</pre><p>参考范本2：</p><pre>Dear Ms. Cen,Good day.Attached you will find the quotation of Wire Bag for your reference.The unit price subject to the final confirmed sample.Should you have further question, please feel free to contact us.Best regards.</pre><p>正文和内容注意事项：</p><p>宗旨：简单明了，抓住重点，行列分明，服务第一。</p><ul><li>正文无须太长，简明扼要，表达清楚即可，罗列要点时按分1、2、3点进行书写。</li><li>表达的内容要明确是客户所需要的，自己和公司的介绍可以用一句话带过，过多的介绍会让客人觉得有推销倾向。</li><li>公司实力等内容可以在后面的邮件中逐渐展示给客户。（如PDF版的公司介绍，合作过的一些知名公司或品牌的OEM加工等等）。</li><li>邮件正文字体、字号一致。用 12号 “Times New Roman”或者“Arial”，必要提醒时可用黑体加粗、变换字体颜色等等。</li><li>客人提的问题较多时，可将客人的问题复制，然后在每个问题的下方用不同的颜色回复。</li><li>当收到客人的询盘为中英文之外的其他语种或小语种时，可用过Google 翻译工具翻译大致了解客人需求，并用双语版(一句外语，跟一句英语)回复客人。</li></ul><h3 id="附件"><a href="#附件" class="headerlink" title="附件"></a>附件</h3><p>附件的格式、精美度、附件内容，决定客户是否有机会能打开并看到它对其中的内容感兴趣。</p><ol><li>建议用PDF,JPEG格式作为优先选择，因为用手机查收邮件的客户越来越多。</li><li>附件名称尽可能与正文提到的附件名称一致。</li><li>在贴上附件的同时可以将附件插入邮件正文。</li></ol><pre>Title: Quotation for Thai Air Line toothbrushContent: Hi Dear:Please check the quotation for TG toothbrush as attached. Any feedback please tell me freely. Thanks!</pre><p>文件命名格式：</p><ol><li>报价单：年月日-客户代号，Quotation from Reshine。如：R1412121CN01-Quotation from Reshine.</li><li>核价单：年月日-产品核价单。如 R141212-产品核价单</li><li>打样单：年月日-客户代号-打样单。例：R1412121CN01-打样单。</li><li>样品发票：年月日-客户代号-样品发票。例：R1412121CN01-Sample Invoice.</li><li>PI: 年月日-客户代号-形式发票。例：R1412121CN01-Performance Invoice</li></ol><h3 id="落款（签名）"><a href="#落款（签名）" class="headerlink" title="落款（签名）"></a>落款（签名）</h3><p>业务员姓名/职位/公司名/公司LOGO/地址/联系方式/公司网站/业务员手机及所有即时聊天工具ID。</p><p>决定客户是否能在以后想和你联系的时候能取得联系。</p><pre style="font-family:Arial; font-size:8px">Jiangshan Reshine Leather Products Co., Ltd.<span style="font-size: 15px; font-weight: bold">Sale Manager</span>Off.add: 2/F, Building A, No.342 Wangdao Road, Beiyuan Street, Yiwu,              Zhejiang, China. | P.C.: 322000Tel: +86-579-85600772 EXT 8018  |  Fax: +86-579-85575381-801  E-mail: sales6@bagtalk.cc | Skype: reshinebags6M.P.: +86-18157952012（Whatsapp & Viber available）Web: http://bagtalk.en.alibaba.com</pre><h2 id="询盘分析"><a href="#询盘分析" class="headerlink" title="询盘分析"></a>询盘分析</h2><h3 id="客套话"><a href="#客套话" class="headerlink" title="客套话"></a>客套话</h3><pre>Many thanks for your email.Firstly, I want you to understand that we are ready to build a continuous business with your company.</pre><pre>A quotation list is attached for your reference.These models have met a warm welcome in Brazil market.</pre><h3 id="销售渠道"><a href="#销售渠道" class="headerlink" title="销售渠道"></a>销售渠道</h3><pre>May I konw you are retailers or wholesalers?And whether you have your shop or you sell the bag in web like Amazon or Ebay? We have many clients who have shop in Amazon and they also require high quality about the bag.If we know more information we can supply better service for you.</pre><p>大数量的询盘或者是外贸公司的询盘，可以问客人是销往哪个国家？材质要求如何？<br>国外客户，可以问是批发、还是有连锁超市促销的等等。</p><pre>May I know if the bag is used for sales promotion or wholesale?And which country are your main exported to?If we know more information we can supply better service for you. </pre><p>如果客人一直强调产品质量要好，可以问产品是在哪里卖的，零售还是批发？实体店?超市?还是网店 像Amazon or Ebay? 告诉客人我们也有很多在Amazon开店的客户，产品质量要求很高的，发相关客户的Amazon店链接给客人参考（Amazon平台对销售商要求高，产品质量好）。</p><h3 id="数量"><a href="#数量" class="headerlink" title="数量"></a>数量</h3><ol><li>May I know your possible order quantity?</li><li>How many pieces do you want?</li></ol><p>如果客人的数量大部多我们的 MOQ：</p><pre>trial order is acceptable, but the price will much higher,cause the production cost for trial order will higher than bulk order.</pre><p>根据数量，递推式报价：</p><pre>Dear Mrs/Ms,Thanks for your kindly mail.About the product you chose: (Item No.)Size: __*__*__cmMaterial:To different Q’ty, best FOB price were below:___pcs, ___USD/pcs, lead time: ___days;___ pcs, ___USD/pcs, lead time: ___days;___ pcs, ___USD/pcs, lead time: ___days;Packing details: __ pcs/ctn, ctn size: __*__*__ cm, N.W./G.W.: __/__ KG.Sample cost: ___USD, delivery time: ___ days, Q’ty over ___pcs, sample cost will be returned.Requested detailed pictures were enclosed, please check.Any other question or customized requests, please feel free to contact us, will reply you in the earliest.Looking forward to your early reply.</pre><h3 id="附件-1"><a href="#附件-1" class="headerlink" title="附件"></a>附件</h3><p>According to your demands, attached our xxx for your reference. Pls. check it.</p><h3 id="价格"><a href="#价格" class="headerlink" title="价格"></a>价格</h3><h3 id="运费"><a href="#运费" class="headerlink" title="运费"></a>运费</h3><p>如果客人问：</p><p>Does $90 include freight?</p><p>这种情况下另外再告诉客人含运费总共是多少钱？问客人是否有到付账号，如果有，让客人提供到付账号，只需付样品费。</p><p>对于简单的包，打样费可以少收一点。购物袋 US$50 不含快递费，加快递费收US$85 左右<br>收样品费的时，是否含运费一次性写清楚不要等样品好了再收，客人要多付一次手续费。</p><p>关于海运费：</p><pre>Here are two shipping options. Air transportation-- fast but cost much. The fee is nearly XX from XX to XX.Sea transportation --cheap but should spend many days. And the cost might be XX between XX port and XX port.All of the shipping would be changed for different factors.Wish you could know it. </pre><h3 id="定金"><a href="#定金" class="headerlink" title="定金"></a>定金</h3><pre>Dear***,Good day.Attached the Proforma Invoice for your reference, please kindly let me know if you pay the deposit, so we can arrange to produce the bag as soon as possible.Thank you so much.Best regards,</pre><h3 id="客户信息"><a href="#客户信息" class="headerlink" title="客户信息"></a>客户信息</h3><ul><li>Company full name: </li><li>Consignee full name: </li><li>shipping address: </li><li>zip code : </li><li>cell phone number : (You use WhatsApp or Viber? tell me very important) </li><li>telephone number: </li><li>fax number : </li><li>MSN: </li><li>Skype: </li><li>Yahoo message: </li><li>Website:<strong><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong>_</strong></strong></strong></strong></strong></strong></strong></strong></strong></li></ul><h3 id="样品"><a href="#样品" class="headerlink" title="样品"></a>样品</h3><p>如果客户想要免费样品，完了还不想承担运费：</p><pre>We know you have high sincerity to corperation.Personally I would like to give you free samle with freignt prepaid.But for company's policy, free sample is the best we can offer.The freight prepaid will much cheaper than collect. </pre><p>适当表明自己为客人努力争取过，让客人感觉你和他站在一边，但公司规则不好打破，让客人妥协，语言委婉点。不要让客人感觉有贬低我们公司或老板的意思。</p><pre>Dear Paul,Thank you for your email.According to our company policy, we each salesman have 3times of free sample to new customer every year. And for old customer, we could offer free samples.It is the new beginning of 2015 working day, I’ve tried my best to apply a free sample for you. If you have no FedEx or DHL collect account or can not pay for the freight, I feel deeply regret. It’s not a big and sincere company can do so.We are also the supplier of MaryKay(Malaysia), Dove(The Netherland), Walmart(Argentina) etc. We also charge for samples for first time. Hope you understand.Best regards.Xxx</pre><p>关于询问或索要样品及快递费事宜的回复模版：</p><pre>Good day and thanks for your inquiry.Please let we know the designs you want.Those sample bags we have, most designs only have one piece of each in our sample room. Designs with more than 1 piece samples, sample cost will be charged, to be shipped by freight collect or prepaid.Designs without stock, sample cost will be charged, varies from 50-150USD per design, once order confirmed and it’s over our MOQ, sample cost will be returned.Will quote you the best price we could, looking forward to establish a long-term business relationship with your esteemed company. </pre><h3 id="公司"><a href="#公司" class="headerlink" title="公司"></a>公司</h3><ol><li><p>公司经验</p><p> We are manufacturer of kinds of <em>xxx</em> over 10 years’ experience with FDA approval. </p><p> Our company is a medium-size enterprise with 80 workers.</p><p> Our company is one of the biggest manufacturers with 10 years experience in the field, who specialized in tool bags, handbags, cosmetic bags and promotional bags ect.</p><p> High quality and reasonable price is our best competiveness.</p><p> <span style="color:red">specialized in … 后面的内容要根据客户想要的包的类型调整位置。</span></p></li><li><p>供应商类型</p><p> We are professional in OEM and ODM service. We offer high quality OEM service, using your own design and logo.</p></li><li><p>服务大客户</p><p> We are the supplier of Mr. Price(South Africa), Dove(Netherlands), Walmart(Argentina), Mary Kay, and NIVEA ect.</p></li><li><p>大生产量</p><p> Monthly producing capacity is 200,000 pieces, we could supplier super quility products with most competitive price.</p></li><li><p>产品市场</p><p> Our customers mainly from Europe and America, every year we export 10 billion dollars to the world, so I am sure we can provide you high quality goods with fast delivery .</p></li><li><p>支付方式</p><p> We accept L/C , T/T , Western union .Our mainly port of export includes NingBo ,ShangHai .More information you can skan our webste on alibaba: <www.bagtalk.en.alibaba.com></www.bagtalk.en.alibaba.com></p></li><li><p>是否通过第三方验厂</p><p> Sorry to tell you that we don’t have audit report like ISO9001, but we have the report which Audited by Bureau Veritas.</p><p> Attached the report for your reference.</p></li></ol><h3 id="工厂"><a href="#工厂" class="headerlink" title="工厂"></a>工厂</h3><ol><li>Two Production Lines: one for Leather (PU, PVC, Genuine Leather) Bags, one for Fabric. (Canvas, Polyester Nylon etc)</li><li>Kinds of Production Machines: Material Cutting Machine (1 Unit), Synchronous Flatbed Sewing Machine (30 Units), Flatbed Sewing Machine (10 Units), Post-bed Sewing Machine(1 Unit)</li><li><p>Our team:</p><ul><li>Production Team: 60 people</li><li>Product Development &amp; Research Team:  2 people</li><li>Sales Team: 15 people</li><li>Quality Control Team: 2 people</li><li>Purchase Team: 1 people</li><li>Warehousing Team: 1 people</li><li>Customs Clearance Team: 1 people</li><li>Finance Team: 1 people</li><li>Management Team: 3 people</li></ul></li><li><p>Factory Size: 2000m²</p><p> Yiwu Office Size: 1,400m²</p></li></ol><h3 id="报价"><a href="#报价" class="headerlink" title="报价"></a>报价</h3><p>报价时，要说明是否包含运费：</p><pre>Price：$2.28/pcs base on xxxpcs       $2.22/pcs base on xxxpcs       ...Which not including the shipping fee.The final price will be subject to confirmed sample.In addition, the picture in the email is just for your reference. We can produce the bag according to your design.</pre><h2 id="客户分析"><a href="#客户分析" class="headerlink" title="客户分析"></a>客户分析</h2><p>长期不回复客户（分析客户需求，发送客户感兴趣内容）购买意向，不回复原因：</p><ul><li>收集产品信息—我们有新产品，请更新系统信息，甘愿做替补 </li><li>客人不相信–介绍客人本地我们的合作伙伴</li><li>价格问题—促销</li><li>客户没有接到订单—鼓励客户，作为工厂，我们是最坚强的后盾</li><li>款式问题 – 给客户专业的建议</li><li>MOQ高</li><li>打样费高</li><li>需要验厂报告</li><li>材料要求较高</li><li>付款方式：中国出口信用保险公司。<a href="http://sd.sinosure.com.cn/eplan/wstbcp/xwqyxby/index.jsp?channelno=3_016" target="_blank" rel="external">http://sd.sinosure.com.cn/eplan/wstbcp/xwqyxby/index.jsp?channelno=3_016</a></li></ul><h2 id="快递跟踪"><a href="#快递跟踪" class="headerlink" title="快递跟踪"></a>快递跟踪</h2><h3 id="样品快递跟踪信息"><a href="#样品快递跟踪信息" class="headerlink" title="样品快递跟踪信息"></a>样品快递跟踪信息</h3><pre>The sample parcel of bags been picked up by xxx express today.The tracking no.: xxxxETA: xxxPls. kindly let us know as soon as you received it.Brds.</pre><p>附件：样品图片</p><h3 id="货物运输跟踪信息"><a href="#货物运输跟踪信息" class="headerlink" title="货物运输跟踪信息"></a>货物运输跟踪信息</h3><pre>All the products have been loaded and shipped to you on March 10th, 2014.The estimated time of arrival is April 10th, 2014.Please see the attached files of Invoice, Bill of Loading and Packaging List.We will keep tracking the logistics and tell you the newest information of the products.</pre><h3 id="产品售后跟踪"><a href="#产品售后跟踪" class="headerlink" title="产品售后跟踪"></a>产品售后跟踪</h3><ol><li>刚收到货：Hope you have received the goods in sound condition.</li><li>收到货物后：How is the selling of our bags?</li><li>I think you already sold out the goods which you purchased from us last time.</li></ol><h2 id="群发短信"><a href="#群发短信" class="headerlink" title="群发短信"></a>群发短信</h2><h3 id="春节假期"><a href="#春节假期" class="headerlink" title="春节假期"></a>春节假期</h3><pre>Dear %客户名称%:Best wishes to you and your booming business!As the Chinese Spring Festival is coming, and I would like to tell you that we will have a vacation soon. It is from January 25th to February 10th in 2014.If you have any questions during this period. You could contact me in the following ways:My Email: My mobile phone:My Skype: We would try our best to support and help you.Thank you!</pre><h2 id="首封邮件回复模版"><a href="#首封邮件回复模版" class="headerlink" title="首封邮件回复模版"></a>首封邮件回复模版</h2><h3 id="我方产品报价"><a href="#我方产品报价" class="headerlink" title="我方产品报价"></a>我方产品报价</h3><p>客户发一个或数个我方产品图片的链接、型号、需要报价。</p><pre>According to your request, attached our latest quotation for your reference.Please feel free to let me know if you have any question.Best Regards,</pre><p>客人询盘提到什么产品，就重点突出什么产品</p><h3 id="客方产品报价"><a href="#客方产品报价" class="headerlink" title="客方产品报价"></a>客方产品报价</h3><p>客户发一个或数个客人自己的产品图片的链接、型号、设计稿等 需要报价询盘。</p><figure class="image-bubble">                <div class="img-lightbox">                    <div class="overlay"></div>                    <img src="../resources/images/customer-quoation.png" alt="" title="">                </div>                <div class="image-caption"></div>            </figure><pre>Attached our pet bags catalog for your reference. Hope you could find some interests. Pls. Send more pictures with details about your own design so that we could quota you accurate price.Wait for your answer.Best Regards,</pre><h3 id="给出目标价的询价"><a href="#给出目标价的询价" class="headerlink" title="给出目标价的询价"></a>给出目标价的询价</h3><figure class="image-bubble">                <div class="img-lightbox">                    <div class="overlay"></div>                    <img src="../resources/images/goal-price-quotation.png" alt="" title="">                </div>                <div class="image-caption"></div>            </figure><pre>...About your enquiry:Attached our catalog for your reference. Should you have any question, pls. contact us freely....</pre><h3 id="带有明确采购数量的询盘"><a href="#带有明确采购数量的询盘" class="headerlink" title="带有明确采购数量的询盘"></a>带有明确采购数量的询盘</h3><figure class="image-bubble">                <div class="img-lightbox">                    <div class="overlay"></div>                    <img src="../resources/images/quotation-with-count.png" alt="" title="">                </div>                <div class="image-caption"></div>            </figure><pre>Our MOQ:500 pcs.The price is $ xx for 50 pcs.          $xxx for 500 pcs..The price will be has a little higher for 50 pcs.Hope you could understand.Should you have any question, pls. let me know.</pre><h3 id="很笼统的询盘"><a href="#很笼统的询盘" class="headerlink" title="很笼统的询盘"></a>很笼统的询盘</h3><p>没有明确产品要求，只要求我方给出报价单的询价。</p><figure class="image-bubble">                <div class="img-lightbox">                    <div class="overlay"></div>                    <img src="../resources/images/faint-quotation.png" alt="" title="">                </div>                <div class="image-caption"></div>            </figure><p>TODO 找更好的模版。</p><h3 id="较专业的产品"><a href="#较专业的产品" class="headerlink" title="较专业的产品"></a>较专业的产品</h3><p>针对性较强，专业度较高的询盘（有详细的细节要求，如产品颜色、数量、尺寸、logo、证书要求、目的港及付款条件的询价）。</p><figure class="image-bubble">                <div class="img-lightbox">                    <div class="overlay"></div>                    <img src="../resources/images/profesional-quotation.png" alt="" title="">                </div>                <div class="image-caption"></div>            </figure><pre>May I ask you a question?Could you tell me your request about bag color, material, and quantity, so I can quote you asap.</pre><h3 id="询价明确"><a href="#询价明确" class="headerlink" title="询价明确"></a>询价明确</h3><p>在第6点基础上再增加样品费、快递费、MOQ、海运费等更详细的内容。</p><figure class="image-bubble">                <div class="img-lightbox">                    <div class="overlay"></div>                    <img src="../resources/images/clear-price-quotation.png" alt="" title="">                </div>                <div class="image-caption"></div>            </figure><pre>About your inquiry:-LF655 sample charge US$100/pc(Shipping not included)-Shipping by DHL cost about US$35/pc;-Our MOQ 500pcs, trial order acceptable.-100pcs shipping by DHL cost xxx.</pre><h3 id="关于MOQ的首封询盘"><a href="#关于MOQ的首封询盘" class="headerlink" title="关于MOQ的首封询盘"></a>关于MOQ的首封询盘</h3><figure class="image-bubble">                <div class="img-lightbox">                    <div class="overlay"></div>                    <img src="../resources/images/moq-quotation.png" alt="" title="">                </div>                <div class="image-caption"></div>            </figure><pre>Dear Sir / MadamThank you for your interests in my item.I am glad to tell you that trail / small order is acceptable , and our MOQ is 500 pcs .Before placing an order , you should pay for $100 for the sample considering the quality and style .As you know , we cannot make any changes after the item has been put into mass-production .if you are satisfied with the sample , we will deliver your item in 15-30 days after your payment , also , we will return the sample fees back to you .How do you think ?Looking forward to your early reply</pre><h2 id="Templates"><a href="#Templates" class="headerlink" title="Templates"></a>Templates</h2><ul><li><a href="http://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MjM5NTc5NDQzMg==&amp;mid=209094830&amp;idx=1&amp;sn=760676a45414ad8eef57c651342b0303&amp;scene=5&amp;srcid=0905zq3cFXrYpjrRoQquTVyO#rd" target="_blank" rel="external">从报价到收款的18个外贸模板！</a></li></ul>]]></content>
    
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        &lt;h2 id=&quot;分析客户询盘&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;#分析客户询盘&quot; class=&quot;headerlink&quot; title=&quot;分析客户询盘&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;分析客户询盘&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;从询盘邮件内容分析客户意向&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;li&gt;客户（基本信息）&lt;/li&gt;
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      <category term="Marketing" scheme="http://blog.inesoi.com/categories/Marketing/"/>
    
    
      <category term="marketing" scheme="http://blog.inesoi.com/tags/marketing/"/>
    
      <category term="inquiry" scheme="http://blog.inesoi.com/tags/inquiry/"/>
    
  </entry>
  
  <entry>
    <title>询盘技巧</title>
    <link href="http://blog.inesoi.com/bag-inquiry.html"/>
    <id>http://blog.inesoi.com/bag-inquiry.html</id>
    <published>2015-07-26T16:00:00.000Z</published>
    <updated>2018-08-19T10:09:33.797Z</updated>
    
    <content type="html"><![CDATA[<h2 id="分析客户询盘"><a href="#分析客户询盘" class="headerlink" title="分析客户询盘"></a>分析客户询盘</h2><ol><li><p>从询盘邮件内容分析客户意向</p><ul><li>客户（基本信息）</li><li>客户所询问的问题或产品（客人所关注的问题）</li><li>寻找邮件中客人提及的一些侧面信息，如客户的类型，对应的市场等等</li></ul></li><li><p>从客户的公司资料分析客户背景（公司规模，业务范围，公司性质，销售或代理的品牌，产品市场定位）</p><ul><li>会员的年份</li><li>将公司名称通过搜索引擎了解一些公司情况</li><li>公司地址：可通过街景搜索了解具体的位置，或辨别客人信息真实性</li><li>邮箱：一般大公司会用自己公司邮箱,留意邮箱后缀，有些就是公司网站，如果是hotmail,yahoo。QQ等有即时聊天工具的邮箱，可尝试申请加客人为好友，方便更好，更快地交流</li><li>公司网站：研究客户公司网站（几个主要页面以及下载客户的E-catalog, 研究并找出有价值的信息点）</li></ul></li></ol><h2 id="回盘的五要素"><a href="#回盘的五要素" class="headerlink" title="回盘的五要素"></a>回盘的五要素</h2><h3 id="标题"><a href="#标题" class="headerlink" title="标题"></a>标题</h3><p>重要性：能让你的邮件在客户众多邮件中脱颖而出，决定客户是否会看你的邮件。</p><p>注意事项：突出卖点或邮件主题，可以是产品名称、产品系列、单价、客户名称、公司名称、邮件主要内容等等。</p><h3 id="称呼"><a href="#称呼" class="headerlink" title="称呼"></a>称呼</h3><p>尽量简单口语化的称呼，无须使用如：Dear Mr.XXX之类的表达。具体称呼可以根据你和客人的熟悉程度而定，首次联系最好不要直呼其名，尽量简单口语化。比如“Hi Kelsey, Ms. Kelsey, Dear Kelsey…..etc</p><h3 id="正文"><a href="#正文" class="headerlink" title="正文"></a>正文</h3><p>投“客”所好，简洁明了。决定客户是否有兴趣回复你。</p><pre>Hi, xxx,With the honor we received your inquiry dated _3rd March 2014_.Thank you for your interest in our _kinds' toothbrush_.<span style="font-weight: bold">About us:</span>We are manufacturer of kinds of _toothbrushes_ over 10 years' experience with FDA approval. We are professional in OEM and ODM service.<span style="font-weight: bold">About your inquiry:</span>A quotation list is attached for your reference. These models have met a warm welcome in _Brazil market_.If you have any question, please contact me freely.We sincerely want to enter into business relation with you.Best RegardsLindaSales Manager</pre><p>参考范本2：</p><pre>Dear Ms. Cen,Good day.Attached you will find the quotation of Wire Bag for your reference.The unit price subject to the final confirmed sample.Should you have further question, please feel free to contact us.Best regards.</pre><p>正文和内容注意事项：</p><p>宗旨：简单明了，抓住重点，行列分明，服务第一。</p><ul><li>正文无须太长，简明扼要，表达清楚即可，罗列要点时按分1、2、3点进行书写。</li><li>表达的内容要明确是客户所需要的，自己和公司的介绍可以用一句话带过，过多的介绍会让客人觉得有推销倾向。</li><li>公司实力等内容可以在后面的邮件中逐渐展示给客户。（如PDF版的公司介绍，合作过的一些知名公司或品牌的OEM加工等等）。</li><li>邮件正文字体、字号一致。用 12号 “Times New Roman”或者“Arial”，必要提醒时可用黑体加粗、变换字体颜色等等。</li><li>客人提的问题较多时，可将客人的问题复制，然后在每个问题的下方用不同的颜色回复。</li><li>当收到客人的询盘为中英文之外的其他语种或小语种时，可用过Google 翻译工具翻译大致了解客人需求，并用双语版(一句外语，跟一句英语)回复客人。</li></ul><h3 id="附件"><a href="#附件" class="headerlink" title="附件"></a>附件</h3><p>附件的格式、精美度、附件内容，决定客户是否有机会能打开并看到它对其中的内容感兴趣。</p><ol><li>建议用PDF,JPEG格式作为优先选择，因为用手机查收邮件的客户越来越多。</li><li>附件名称尽可能与正文提到的附件名称一致。</li><li>在贴上附件的同时可以将附件插入邮件正文。</li></ol><pre>Title: Quotation for Thai Air Line toothbrushContent: Hi Dear:Please check the quotation for TG toothbrush as attached. Any feedback please tell me freely. Thanks!</pre><p>文件命名格式：</p><ol><li>报价单：年月日-客户代号，Quotation from Reshine。如：R1412121CN01-Quotation from Reshine.</li><li>核价单：年月日-产品核价单。如 R141212-产品核价单</li><li>打样单：年月日-客户代号-打样单。例：R1412121CN01-打样单。</li><li>样品发票：年月日-客户代号-样品发票。例：R1412121CN01-Sample Invoice.</li><li>PI: 年月日-客户代号-形式发票。例：R1412121CN01-Performance Invoice</li></ol><h3 id="落款（签名）"><a href="#落款（签名）" class="headerlink" title="落款（签名）"></a>落款（签名）</h3><p>业务员姓名/职位/公司名/公司LOGO/地址/联系方式/公司网站/业务员手机及所有即时聊天工具ID。</p><p>决定客户是否能在以后想和你联系的时候能取得联系。</p><pre style="font-family:Arial; font-size:8px">Jiangshan Reshine Leather Products Co., Ltd.<span style="font-size: 15px; font-weight: bold">Sale Manager</span>Off.add: 2/F, Building A, No.342 Wangdao Road, Beiyuan Street, Yiwu,              Zhejiang, China. | P.C.: 322000Tel: +86-579-85600772 EXT 8018  |  Fax: +86-579-85575381-801  E-mail: sales6@bagtalk.cc | Skype: reshinebags6M.P.: +86-18157952012（Whatsapp & Viber available）Web: http://bagtalk.en.alibaba.com</pre><h2 id="询盘分析"><a href="#询盘分析" class="headerlink" title="询盘分析"></a>询盘分析</h2><h3 id="客套话"><a href="#客套话" class="headerlink" title="客套话"></a>客套话</h3><pre>Many thanks for your email.Firstly, I want you to understand that we are ready to build a continuous business with your company.</pre><pre>A quotation list is attached for your reference.These models have met a warm welcome in Brazil market.</pre><h3 id="销售渠道"><a href="#销售渠道" class="headerlink" title="销售渠道"></a>销售渠道</h3><pre>May I konw you are retailers or wholesalers?And whether you have your shop or you sell the bag in web like Amazon or Ebay? We have many clients who have shop in Amazon and they also require high quality about the bag.If we know more information we can supply better service for you.</pre><p>大数量的询盘或者是外贸公司的询盘，可以问客人是销往哪个国家？材质要求如何？<br>国外客户，可以问是批发、还是有连锁超市促销的等等。</p><pre>May I know if the bag is used for sales promotion or wholesale?And which country are your main exported to?If we know more information we can supply better service for you. </pre><p>如果客人一直强调产品质量要好，可以问产品是在哪里卖的，零售还是批发？实体店?超市?还是网店 像Amazon or Ebay? 告诉客人我们也有很多在Amazon开店的客户，产品质量要求很高的，发相关客户的Amazon店链接给客人参考（Amazon平台对销售商要求高，产品质量好）。</p><h3 id="数量"><a href="#数量" class="headerlink" title="数量"></a>数量</h3><ol><li>May I know your possible order quantity?</li><li>How many pieces do you want?</li></ol><p>如果客人的数量大部多我们的 MOQ：</p><pre>trial order is acceptable, but the price will much higher,cause the production cost for trial order will higher than bulk order.</pre><p>根据数量，递推式报价：</p><pre>Dear Mrs/Ms,Thanks for your kindly mail.About the product you chose: (Item No.)Size: __*__*__cmMaterial:To different Q’ty, best FOB price were below:___pcs, ___USD/pcs, lead time: ___days;___ pcs, ___USD/pcs, lead time: ___days;___ pcs, ___USD/pcs, lead time: ___days;Packing details: __ pcs/ctn, ctn size: __*__*__ cm, N.W./G.W.: __/__ KG.Sample cost: ___USD, delivery time: ___ days, Q’ty over ___pcs, sample cost will be returned.Requested detailed pictures were enclosed, please check.Any other question or customized requests, please feel free to contact us, will reply you in the earliest.Looking forward to your early reply.</pre><h3 id="附件-1"><a href="#附件-1" class="headerlink" title="附件"></a>附件</h3><p>According to your demands, attached our xxx for your reference. Pls. check it.</p><h3 id="价格"><a href="#价格" class="headerlink" title="价格"></a>价格</h3><h3 id="运费"><a href="#运费" class="headerlink" title="运费"></a>运费</h3><p>如果客人问：</p><p>Does $90 include freight?</p><p>这种情况下另外再告诉客人含运费总共是多少钱？问客人是否有到付账号，如果有，让客人提供到付账号，只需付样品费。</p><p>对于简单的包，打样费可以少收一点。购物袋 US$50 不含快递费，加快递费收US$85 左右<br>收样品费的时，是否含运费一次性写清楚不要等样品好了再收，客人要多付一次手续费。</p><p>关于海运费：</p><pre>Here are two shipping options. Air transportation-- fast but cost much. The fee is nearly XX from XX to XX.Sea transportation --cheap but should spend many days. And the cost might be XX between XX port and XX port.All of the shipping would be changed for different factors.Wish you could know it. </pre><h3 id="定金"><a href="#定金" class="headerlink" title="定金"></a>定金</h3><pre>Dear***,Good day.Attached the Proforma Invoice for your reference, please kindly let me know if you pay the deposit, so we can arrange to produce the bag as soon as possible.Thank you so much.Best regards,</pre><h3 id="客户信息"><a href="#客户信息" class="headerlink" title="客户信息"></a>客户信息</h3><ul><li>Company full name: </li><li>Consignee full name: </li><li>shipping address: </li><li>zip code : </li><li>cell phone number : (You use WhatsApp or Viber? tell me very important) </li><li>telephone number: </li><li>fax number : </li><li>MSN: </li><li>Skype: </li><li>Yahoo message: </li><li>Website:<strong><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong><strong>_</strong></strong></strong></strong></strong></strong></strong></strong></strong></li></ul><h3 id="样品"><a href="#样品" class="headerlink" title="样品"></a>样品</h3><p>如果客户想要免费样品，完了还不想承担运费：</p><pre>We know you have high sincerity to corperation.Personally I would like to give you free samle with freignt prepaid.But for company's policy, free sample is the best we can offer.The freight prepaid will much cheaper than collect. </pre><p>适当表明自己为客人努力争取过，让客人感觉你和他站在一边，但公司规则不好打破，让客人妥协，语言委婉点。不要让客人感觉有贬低我们公司或老板的意思。</p><pre>Dear Paul,Thank you for your email.According to our company policy, we each salesman have 3times of free sample to new customer every year. And for old customer, we could offer free samples.It is the new beginning of 2015 working day, I’ve tried my best to apply a free sample for you. If you have no FedEx or DHL collect account or can not pay for the freight, I feel deeply regret. It’s not a big and sincere company can do so.We are also the supplier of MaryKay(Malaysia), Dove(The Netherland), Walmart(Argentina) etc. We also charge for samples for first time. Hope you understand.Best regards.Xxx</pre><p>关于询问或索要样品及快递费事宜的回复模版：</p><pre>Good day and thanks for your inquiry.Please let we know the designs you want.Those sample bags we have, most designs only have one piece of each in our sample room. Designs with more than 1 piece samples, sample cost will be charged, to be shipped by freight collect or prepaid.Designs without stock, sample cost will be charged, varies from 50-150USD per design, once order confirmed and it’s over our MOQ, sample cost will be returned.Will quote you the best price we could, looking forward to establish a long-term business relationship with your esteemed company. </pre><h3 id="公司"><a href="#公司" class="headerlink" title="公司"></a>公司</h3><ol><li><p>公司经验</p><p> We are manufacturer of kinds of <em>xxx</em> over 10 years’ experience with FDA approval. </p><p> Our company is a medium-size enterprise with 80 workers.</p><p> Our company is one of the biggest manufacturers with 10 years experience in the field, who specialized in tool bags, handbags, cosmetic bags and promotional bags ect.</p><p> High quality and reasonable price is our best competiveness.</p><p> <span style="color:red">specialized in … 后面的内容要根据客户想要的包的类型调整位置。</span></p></li><li><p>供应商类型</p><p> We are professional in OEM and ODM service. We offer high quality OEM service, using your own design and logo.</p></li><li><p>服务大客户</p><p> We are the supplier of Mr. Price(South Africa), Dove(Netherlands), Walmart(Argentina), Mary Kay, and NIVEA ect.</p></li><li><p>大生产量</p><p> Monthly producing capacity is 200,000 pieces, we could supplier super quility products with most competitive price.</p></li><li><p>产品市场</p><p> Our customers mainly from Europe and America, every year we export 10 billion dollars to the world, so I am sure we can provide you high quality goods with fast delivery .</p></li><li><p>支付方式</p><p> We accept L/C , T/T , Western union .Our mainly port of export includes NingBo ,ShangHai .More information you can skan our webste on alibaba: <www.bagtalk.en.alibaba.com></www.bagtalk.en.alibaba.com></p></li><li><p>是否通过第三方验厂</p><p> Sorry to tell you that we don’t have audit report like ISO9001, but we have the report which Audited by Bureau Veritas.</p><p> Attached the report for your reference.</p></li></ol><h3 id="工厂"><a href="#工厂" class="headerlink" title="工厂"></a>工厂</h3><ol><li>Two Production Lines: one for Leather (PU, PVC, Genuine Leather) Bags, one for Fabric. (Canvas, Polyester Nylon etc)</li><li>Kinds of Production Machines: Material Cutting Machine (1 Unit), Synchronous Flatbed Sewing Machine (30 Units), Flatbed Sewing Machine (10 Units), Post-bed Sewing Machine(1 Unit)</li><li><p>Our team:</p><ul><li>Production Team: 60 people</li><li>Product Development &amp; Research Team:  2 people</li><li>Sales Team: 15 people</li><li>Quality Control Team: 2 people</li><li>Purchase Team: 1 people</li><li>Warehousing Team: 1 people</li><li>Customs Clearance Team: 1 people</li><li>Finance Team: 1 people</li><li>Management Team: 3 people</li></ul></li><li><p>Factory Size: 2000m²</p><p> Yiwu Office Size: 1,400m²</p></li></ol><h3 id="报价"><a href="#报价" class="headerlink" title="报价"></a>报价</h3><p>报价时，要说明是否包含运费：</p><pre>Price：$2.28/pcs base on xxxpcs       $2.22/pcs base on xxxpcs       ...Which not including the shipping fee.The final price will be subject to confirmed sample.In addition, the picture in the email is just for your reference. We can produce the bag according to your design.</pre><h2 id="客户分析"><a href="#客户分析" class="headerlink" title="客户分析"></a>客户分析</h2><p>长期不回复客户（分析客户需求，发送客户感兴趣内容）购买意向，不回复原因：</p><ul><li>收集产品信息—我们有新产品，请更新系统信息，甘愿做替补 </li><li>客人不相信–介绍客人本地我们的合作伙伴</li><li>价格问题—促销</li><li>客户没有接到订单—鼓励客户，作为工厂，我们是最坚强的后盾</li><li>款式问题 – 给客户专业的建议</li><li>MOQ高</li><li>打样费高</li><li>需要验厂报告</li><li>材料要求较高</li><li>付款方式：中国出口信用保险公司。<a href="http://sd.sinosure.com.cn/eplan/wstbcp/xwqyxby/index.jsp?channelno=3_016" target="_blank" rel="external">http://sd.sinosure.com.cn/eplan/wstbcp/xwqyxby/index.jsp?channelno=3_016</a></li></ul><h2 id="快递跟踪"><a href="#快递跟踪" class="headerlink" title="快递跟踪"></a>快递跟踪</h2><h3 id="样品快递跟踪信息"><a href="#样品快递跟踪信息" class="headerlink" title="样品快递跟踪信息"></a>样品快递跟踪信息</h3><pre>The sample parcel of bags been picked up by xxx express today.The tracking no.: xxxxETA: xxxPls. kindly let us know as soon as you received it.Brds.</pre><p>附件：样品图片</p><h3 id="货物运输跟踪信息"><a href="#货物运输跟踪信息" class="headerlink" title="货物运输跟踪信息"></a>货物运输跟踪信息</h3><pre>All the products have been loaded and shipped to you on March 10th, 2014.The estimated time of arrival is April 10th, 2014.Please see the attached files of Invoice, Bill of Loading and Packaging List.We will keep tracking the logistics and tell you the newest information of the products.</pre><h3 id="产品售后跟踪"><a href="#产品售后跟踪" class="headerlink" title="产品售后跟踪"></a>产品售后跟踪</h3><ol><li>刚收到货：Hope you have received the goods in sound condition.</li><li>收到货物后：How is the selling of our bags?</li><li>I think you already sold out the goods which you purchased from us last time.</li></ol><h2 id="群发短信"><a href="#群发短信" class="headerlink" title="群发短信"></a>群发短信</h2><h3 id="春节假期"><a href="#春节假期" class="headerlink" title="春节假期"></a>春节假期</h3><pre>Dear %客户名称%:Best wishes to you and your booming business!As the Chinese Spring Festival is coming, and I would like to tell you that we will have a vacation soon. It is from January 25th to February 10th in 2014.If you have any questions during this period. You could contact me in the following ways:My Email: My mobile phone:My Skype: We would try our best to support and help you.Thank you!</pre><h2 id="首封邮件回复模版"><a href="#首封邮件回复模版" class="headerlink" title="首封邮件回复模版"></a>首封邮件回复模版</h2><h3 id="我方产品报价"><a href="#我方产品报价" class="headerlink" title="我方产品报价"></a>我方产品报价</h3><p>客户发一个或数个我方产品图片的链接、型号、需要报价。</p><pre>According to your request, attached our latest quotation for your reference.Please feel free to let me know if you have any question.Best Regards,</pre><p>客人询盘提到什么产品，就重点突出什么产品</p><h3 id="客方产品报价"><a href="#客方产品报价" class="headerlink" title="客方产品报价"></a>客方产品报价</h3><p>客户发一个或数个客人自己的产品图片的链接、型号、设计稿等 需要报价询盘。</p><figure class="image-bubble">                <div class="img-lightbox">                    <div class="overlay"></div>                    <img src="../resources/images/customer-quoation.png" alt="" title="">                </div>                <div class="image-caption"></div>            </figure><pre>Attached our pet bags catalog for your reference. Hope you could find some interests. Pls. Send more pictures with details about your own design so that we could quota you accurate price.Wait for your answer.Best Regards,</pre><h3 id="给出目标价的询价"><a href="#给出目标价的询价" class="headerlink" title="给出目标价的询价"></a>给出目标价的询价</h3><figure class="image-bubble">                <div class="img-lightbox">                    <div class="overlay"></div>                    <img src="../resources/images/goal-price-quotation.png" alt="" title="">                </div>                <div class="image-caption"></div>            </figure><pre>...About your enquiry:Attached our catalog for your reference. Should you have any question, pls. contact us freely....</pre><h3 id="带有明确采购数量的询盘"><a href="#带有明确采购数量的询盘" class="headerlink" title="带有明确采购数量的询盘"></a>带有明确采购数量的询盘</h3><figure class="image-bubble">                <div class="img-lightbox">                    <div class="overlay"></div>                    <img src="../resources/images/quotation-with-count.png" alt="" title="">                </div>                <div class="image-caption"></div>            </figure><pre>Our MOQ:500 pcs.The price is $ xx for 50 pcs.          $xxx for 500 pcs..The price will be has a little higher for 50 pcs.Hope you could understand.Should you have any question, pls. let me know.</pre><h3 id="很笼统的询盘"><a href="#很笼统的询盘" class="headerlink" title="很笼统的询盘"></a>很笼统的询盘</h3><p>没有明确产品要求，只要求我方给出报价单的询价。</p><figure class="image-bubble">                <div class="img-lightbox">                    <div class="overlay"></div>                    <img src="../resources/images/faint-quotation.png" alt="" title="">                </div>                <div class="image-caption"></div>            </figure><p>TODO 找更好的模版。</p><h3 id="较专业的产品"><a href="#较专业的产品" class="headerlink" title="较专业的产品"></a>较专业的产品</h3><p>针对性较强，专业度较高的询盘（有详细的细节要求，如产品颜色、数量、尺寸、logo、证书要求、目的港及付款条件的询价）。</p><figure class="image-bubble">                <div class="img-lightbox">                    <div class="overlay"></div>                    <img src="../resources/images/profesional-quotation.png" alt="" title="">                </div>                <div class="image-caption"></div>            </figure><pre>May I ask you a question?Could you tell me your request about bag color, material, and quantity, so I can quote you asap.</pre><h3 id="询价明确"><a href="#询价明确" class="headerlink" title="询价明确"></a>询价明确</h3><p>在第6点基础上再增加样品费、快递费、MOQ、海运费等更详细的内容。</p><figure class="image-bubble">                <div class="img-lightbox">                    <div class="overlay"></div>                    <img src="../resources/images/clear-price-quotation.png" alt="" title="">                </div>                <div class="image-caption"></div>            </figure><pre>About your inquiry:-LF655 sample charge US$100/pc(Shipping not included)-Shipping by DHL cost about US$35/pc;-Our MOQ 500pcs, trial order acceptable.-100pcs shipping by DHL cost xxx.</pre><h3 id="关于MOQ的首封询盘"><a href="#关于MOQ的首封询盘" class="headerlink" title="关于MOQ的首封询盘"></a>关于MOQ的首封询盘</h3><figure class="image-bubble">                <div class="img-lightbox">                    <div class="overlay"></div>                    <img src="../resources/images/moq-quotation.png" alt="" title="">                </div>                <div class="image-caption"></div>            </figure><pre>Dear Sir / MadamThank you for your interests in my item.I am glad to tell you that trail / small order is acceptable , and our MOQ is 500 pcs .Before placing an order , you should pay for $100 for the sample considering the quality and style .As you know , we cannot make any changes after the item has been put into mass-production .if you are satisfied with the sample , we will deliver your item in 15-30 days after your payment , also , we will return the sample fees back to you .How do you think ?Looking forward to your early reply</pre><h2 id="Templates"><a href="#Templates" class="headerlink" title="Templates"></a>Templates</h2><ul><li><a href="http://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MjM5NTc5NDQzMg==&amp;mid=209094830&amp;idx=1&amp;sn=760676a45414ad8eef57c651342b0303&amp;scene=5&amp;srcid=0905zq3cFXrYpjrRoQquTVyO#rd" target="_blank" rel="external">从报价到收款的18个外贸模板！</a></li></ul>]]></content>
    
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        &lt;h2 id=&quot;分析客户询盘&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;#分析客户询盘&quot; class=&quot;headerlink&quot; title=&quot;分析客户询盘&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;分析客户询盘&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;从询盘邮件内容分析客户意向&lt;/p&gt;
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  <entry>
    <title>箱包材料</title>
    <link href="http://blog.inesoi.com/bag-main-material.html"/>
    <id>http://blog.inesoi.com/bag-main-material.html</id>
    <published>2015-07-07T16:00:00.000Z</published>
    <updated>2018-08-19T10:09:33.797Z</updated>
    
    <content type="html"><![CDATA[<h2 id="面料"><a href="#面料" class="headerlink" title="面料"></a>面料</h2><p>面料主要分为两大类，即皮革类和纺织布料类。皮革包括 PU 革、 PVC 革和真皮三大类，纺织布料类主要使用帆布和牛津布。</p><h2 id="皮革"><a href="#皮革" class="headerlink" title="皮革"></a>皮革</h2><p>PVC 比较硬，比较好压力 LOGO，而 PU 较软，不容易压印。如果压下之后的颜色变成另外一种颜色，这种材料成为变色革。</p><p>皮革的厚度使用使用<code>丝</code>来衡量，1mm = 100丝。</p><p>皮革类面料需要注意色迁移的问题，要防止颜色渗到里布，导致里布的颜色洗不掉。</p><p>PVC的单位为丝，表示PVC厚度的单位，100丝等于1毫米。常见的有8丝和10丝的PVC。</p><p>皮革类（不包括真皮）的宽幅一般都是 1.35，纺织布料一般都是 1.45。一般用于复合的材料有杂革和无纺布，无纺布的宽幅是 1.55，如果和 PU 复合，就要使用较小的宽幅，及 PU 的 1.35。</p><h3 id="PVC"><a href="#PVC" class="headerlink" title="PVC"></a>PVC</h3><figure class="image-bubble">                <div class="img-lightbox">                    <div class="overlay"></div>                    <img src="../resources/images/pvc.jpg" alt="" title="">                </div>                <div class="image-caption"></div>            </figure><p>主要成份为聚氯乙烯，经过发泡而来，PU 是化学合成。所以 PVC 隔层之间会有小气孔，而 PU 比较实。</p><p>PVC 表面也有很多纹路。</p><ul><li>色泽鲜艳、耐腐蚀、牢固耐用。</li><li>不存放食品和药品。由于在制造过程中增加了增塑剂、抗老化剂等一些有毒辅助材料来增强其耐热性，韧性，延展性等，故其产品一般不存放食品和药品。</li></ul><p>根据特性，PVC 材料可分为：</p><ul><li>彩边 PVC。彩色 PVC 比无色 PVC 较贵。</li><li>皮革 PVC</li><li>透明 PVC。常用于制作化妆包。</li></ul><p>常用的为白的，透明的；还有一种是有压痕的，还可以压花，比较贵。</p><p>北欧等一些发达国家禁止使用 PVC 材料（常见女包、化妆包），因为 PVC 不容易降解，不环保。</p><p>根据材料的不同，又可分为 PE 和 EVA。EVA 比较薄，像薄膜。</p><h3 id="PU"><a href="#PU" class="headerlink" title="PU"></a>PU</h3><p>PU是一种合成材料，具有真皮的质感，非常结实耐用，它与人造皮革是不同的。 PU合成革是用于代替PVC人造革，它的价格比PVC人造革要高。 它更接近皮质面料，它不用增塑剂来达到柔软的性质， 不会变硬、变脆，同时具有色彩丰富、花纹繁多的优点，价格又比皮质面料便宜。</p><p>PU 根据表面成份的不同分为：</p><ul><li>全 PU</li><li>半 PU(SEMI PU)</li></ul><p>区别在于：</p><ul><li>相对全 PU 更薄，更柔软，弹性更大。</li><li>主要用厚度、手感（柔软度）、价格来区分。</li><li>价格：PVC &lt; 半PU &lt; PU，半PU与PU之间非专业人士很难鉴别。</li></ul><p>PU 革从结构上分为纹路、表面和底。</p><ul><li>常见的纹路包括荔枝纹（根据纹路大小可分为小荔枝纹和大荔枝纹）、石头纹、蛇纹、鸵鸟纹、纳帕纹、十字纹（大十字、小十字）、镜面革。有些工程并非使用这些形象的名字来命名纹路，而是使用比较文艺的名字，如水平如镜等。</li><li>PU 一般是绒布底，PVC 一般是针织底和水刺底（或者无纺布底）。</li></ul><figure class="image-bubble">                <div class="img-lightbox">                    <div class="overlay"></div>                    <img src="../resources/images/pu-leather-lines.jpg" alt="" title="">                </div>                <div class="image-caption"></div>            </figure><h3 id="PVC-与-PU-的区别"><a href="#PVC-与-PU-的区别" class="headerlink" title="PVC 与 PU 的区别"></a>PVC 与 PU 的区别</h3><table><thead><tr><th>属性</th><th>PVC</th><th>PU</th><th>半 PU</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>柔软度</td><td>较硬，韧性较差</td><td>较软，韧性较好</td><td>最软</td></tr><tr><td>厚度</td><td>最厚</td><td>次厚</td><td>最薄</td></tr><tr><td>价格（元/米）</td><td>7-16，环保 + 2.0</td><td>16-35, 环保 + 1.5</td><td>13.5-16, 环保 + 1.5</td></tr><tr><td>宽幅（有效）</td><td>1.35米</td><td>1.35米</td><td>1.35米</td></tr><tr><td>起订量</td><td>500m</td><td>1000m</td><td>1000m</td></tr><tr><td>耐力</td><td>用手能撕开</td><td>用手不能撕开</td><td>用手不能撕开</td></tr><tr><td>底布</td><td>较稀、较薄</td><td>较厚</td><td>较厚</td></tr><tr><td>比重</td><td>比重大</td><td>比重小</td><td>比重小</td></tr><tr><td>纹路</td><td>纹路较深。中间的发泡层比较明显。</td><td>纹路较浅</td><td>纹路较浅</td></tr></tbody></table><p>PU、半 PU 和 PVC 一般用于女包、化妆包、公文包、背包、运动包。登山包一帮使用牛津布料，因为牛津布的防水，而且较 PU 和 PVC 轻。</p><p>半 PU 因为比较软，需要复合一层（或者加厚、胶水），使其撑起成型。考虑到价格原因，有时候可以使用半 PU 复合一层来代替 PU。</p><p>注意，广东的起订量单位为码，1 码 = 0.914米，核算价格时注意单位换算。欧盟和美国会提到环保，谈判的时候需要注意。</p><h3 id="真皮"><a href="#真皮" class="headerlink" title="真皮"></a>真皮</h3><figure class="image-bubble">                <div class="img-lightbox">                    <div class="overlay"></div>                    <img src="../resources/images/leather.jpg" alt="" title="">                </div>                <div class="image-caption"></div>            </figure><p>真皮分为头层皮和二层皮两类。真皮是从动物身上的皮，以块为单位。头层皮的价格在 800-1000元。有的供应商按 32<em>32/英寸,有的按 28</em>28/英寸来算，在采购的时候要问清楚。</p><p>头层皮是动物身上的皮，动物皮革带有疤痕和皮革自然的折皱。用手按下去，是有皱纹，穿后也是有自然的皮革皱纹。穿后不会发生掉皮和断裂。</p><p>二层牛皮是头层牛皮的边角料打碎后再加入聚乙烯材料重新粘合而成的皮革，再经化学材料喷涂或覆上 PVC 、 PU 薄膜加工而成。真皮二层皮皮面比头层皮要厚，使用久后，皮料要发生龟烈，严重的要断裂，它仍然保持牛皮的特性，但耐穿性及强度则不如头层牛皮。</p><p>二层皮覆涂一层硅胶可以制作为高级皮革，也称为”牛剖层移膜皮革“。高级硅胶皮比头层皮还要贵，高级男包大部分是用硅胶皮做的，不易磨损，比头层皮耐用，主要看这加工艺。皮角及碎皮碾碎再加化工加工成皮即是再生皮，作为皮带箱包内里定型衬层！</p><p>头层皮有为小牛皮、粒面皮、光面牛皮、修面皮、软面皮、碎皮（上述分类按价格进行分类，价格高的在前面，低的在后面），真皮面有自然的疤痕和血筋痕等，偶尔还有加工过程中的刀伤以及利用率极低的肚腩部位，进口头层皮还有牛只的编号烙印。全粒面皮可以从毛孔粗细和疏密度来区分属于何种动物皮革。</p><p>牛皮种类较多，如奶牛皮、肉牛皮、放牧的牛皮、母牛皮、公牛皮、未阉割的公牛皮及阉割过的公牛皮。在我国还有黄牛皮、水牛皮、牦牛皮和犏牛皮等。其中，水牛皮的毛孔较粗且疏些；黄牛皮则较水牛皮的毛孔细且浓密。</p><p>二层牛皮特性：其反面是牛皮的第二层皮料，在表面涂上一层PU树脂，所以也称贴膜牛皮。其随工艺的变化也制成各种档次的品种，如进口二层牛皮，因工艺独特，质量稳定，品种新颖等特点，为中低档皮革，价格与档次都不亚于头层真皮，但耐穿性不如头层牛皮，这就是二层牛皮非常热销的主因。</p><h3 id="鉴别方法"><a href="#鉴别方法" class="headerlink" title="鉴别方法"></a>鉴别方法</h3><p>在诸多的皮革品种中，全粒面革应居榜首，因为它是由伤残较少的上等原料皮加工而成，革面上保留完好的天然状态，涂层薄，能展现出动物皮自然的花纹美。它不仅耐磨，而且具有良好的透气性。</p><p>修面革，是利用磨革机将革表面轻磨后进行涂饰，再压上相应的花纹而制成的。实际上是对带有伤残或粗糙的天然革面进行了“整容”。此种革几乎失掉原有的表面状态，涂饰层较厚，耐磨性和透气性比全粒面革较差。</p><p>下面我们再介绍几种常用的方法：</p><ol><li><p>手感：即用手触摸皮革表面，如有滑爽，柔软，丰满，弹性的感觉是真皮；而一般人造合成革面发涩，死板，柔软性差。</p></li><li><p>眼看：观察真皮革面有较清晰的毛孔，花纹，黄牛皮有较匀称的细毛孔，牦牛皮有较粗而稀疏的毛孔，山羊皮有鱼鳞状的毛孔，猪皮有三角粗毛孔，而人造革，尽管也仿制了毛孔，但不清晰。下面给大家介绍猪革、马革、牛革、羊革的特点和鉴别方法：牛皮革面细，强度高，最适宜制作皮鞋；羊皮革轻，薄而软，是皮革服装的理想面料；猪皮革的透气透水汽性能好，较适于制做内衣和儿童用品；马皮革的纤维结构较为紧密、强度也比较高，用于制作皮裤和皮靴效果较好。一般来说，皮革表面毛孔的粗细、疏密和分布情况是区分牛革、猪革、马革和羊革的主要依据。</p></li></ol><p>区分水牛革和黄牛革：黄牛革和水牛革都称为牛革，但二者也有一定的差别。黄牛革表面的毛孔呈圆形，较直地伸入革内，毛孔紧密而均匀，排列不规则，好象满天星斗。水牛革表面的毛孔比黄牛革粗大，毛孔数较黄牛革稀少，革质较松弛，不如黄牛革细致丰满。马革：革表面的毛孔呈椭圆形，比黄牛革毛孔稍大，排列较有规律。</p><p>辨别方法：</p><p>摸手感</p><ul><li>头层牛皮是价值较高的皮革，通常不会做很厚的涂层，所以手感基本保留了皮革的柔韧感和悬垂感。</li><li>二层牛皮因为要经过比较厚的涂饰或者经过覆膜，所以手感有些发硬发梗，比较死板，缺少悬垂感。</li><li>幅面尺寸</li><li>头层皮基本保留了蓝湿皮的全部面积，其皮材的张幅面积较大，而且皮面匀称。对二层皮而言，在剖离头层皮时，会有较大的损耗，皮面面积比头层皮会小很多，而且会有较多的伤残部分。</li></ul><p>抗撕扯：按照整车厂的要求，真皮皮材抗撕裂能力在40公斤/平方厘米。具体来说，二层皮剪一个小口后，成年人能很轻松地撕裂。而头层黄牛皮剪一个小口，成年人也要费力才能撕裂。</p><p>粒面纹路：头层皮包含乳头层，具有自然的颗粒型粒面和毛孔。用手按下去，自然的皮革皱纹会发生伸缩。而二层皮虽然有人工仿制的纹路，但是没有毛孔，用手按下去，涂层或腹膜的仿皮革皱纹不会发生伸缩变化。</p><p>真皮价格：真皮计量单位：平方英尺（常规 1平方英尺=28*28cm ）</p><ul><li>头层皮  15-16元/平方英尺</li><li>二层皮  8-9元/平方英尺</li><li>复合皮  6-8元/平方英尺</li></ul><p>（注：询问真皮价格时，问清楚1平方英尺是按多少厘米算的，因为有些供应商按“1平方英尺=23*23cm ”计算）</p><p>真皮 损耗率≥40%(动物皮不规则，损耗较大)</p><h2 id="纺织布料"><a href="#纺织布料" class="headerlink" title="纺织布料"></a>纺织布料</h2><h3 id="色牢度"><a href="#色牢度" class="headerlink" title="色牢度"></a>色牢度</h3><p>色牢度是纺织品的重要质量指标之一。所谓色牢度是指染色纺织品在物理和化学作用下，颜色保持坚牢的程度，即染色纺织品色泽受外界影响坚牢程度称为染色牢度。以试验后试样的色泽变化，白布沾色程度的评定等级表示色牢度的好坏。</p><p>纺织品的色牢度，分为5级: 1、2、3、4、5 （1级最差，5级最高，在中国市场达不到的。）</p><p>在评定不准时，或者商家只需要在色牢度范围内时，有大概参数等级：1-2, 2-3, 3-4, 4-5。</p><p>常规的色牢度为 3.5。</p><p>以下为织带所必须满足的织带标准：</p><ol><li>耐水洗牢度3.5级以上,通过 ISO105-C01:1989 测试标准</li><li>耐摩擦牢度3.5级以上,通过 ISO105-X12:1993 测试标准</li><li>耐日晒牢度4级以上,通过 ISO105-B02:1994 测试标准</li></ol><h2 id="帆布-Canvas"><a href="#帆布-Canvas" class="headerlink" title="帆布 Canvas"></a>帆布 Canvas</h2><p>帆布是一种较粗厚的棉织物或麻织物。因最初用于船帆而得名。一般多采用平纹组织，少量的用斜纹组织，经纬纱均用多股线。</p><p>常用语斜挎包、背包、妈咪包、沙滩包。由于其具有耐磨的特性，也可以用于登山包。</p><p>没有涂层，化学成份为棉，而牛津的化学成份化纤。现在有些帆布表面会涂一层 PVC（过胶、雅膜）。</p><figure class="image-bubble">                <div class="img-lightbox">                    <div class="overlay"></div>                    <img src="../resources/images/canvas-material.jpg" alt="" title="">                </div>                <div class="image-caption"></div>            </figure><p>通常分粗帆布和细帆布两大类：</p><ul><li>粗帆布又称篷盖布，常用58号（10英支）4～7股线织制，织物坚牢耐折，具有良好的防水性能，用于汽车运输和露天仓库的遮盖以及野外搭帐篷。</li><li>细帆布经纬纱一般为2股58号至6股28号（10英支/2～21英支/6），用于制作劳动保护服装及其用品。经染色后也可用作鞋、旅行袋、背包、等面料。</li></ul><h3 id="特点"><a href="#特点" class="headerlink" title="特点"></a>特点</h3><ul><li>耐磨</li><li>透气</li><li>可降解</li><li>耐洗</li><li>不防水</li></ul><h3 id="适用箱包"><a href="#适用箱包" class="headerlink" title="适用箱包"></a>适用箱包</h3><figure class="image-bubble">                <div class="img-lightbox">                    <div class="overlay"></div>                    <img src="../resources/images/canvas-material-bag.jpg" alt="" title="">                </div>                <div class="image-caption"></div>            </figure><h3 id="纱支"><a href="#纱支" class="headerlink" title="纱支"></a>纱支</h3><p>纱支简而言之，即指纱的粗细程度。</p><p>一磅（454克）重的棉纱（或其它成分纱），长度为840码（0.9144码/米）时，纱的细度为一支。如果一磅纱，其长度是10×840码，其细度是10支，纱支的表示方法英制式的表示符号是英文字母“S” 。单根纱的表示方法是：32支单纱，表示为32S。</p><p>股线的表示方法是：32支股线（两亘并捻）既为：32S/2，42支3 根并捻既为：42S/3。</p><p>纱支越大，纱越细。</p><h3 id="密度"><a href="#密度" class="headerlink" title="密度"></a>密度</h3><p><small>这个概念实际很少用到。</small></p><p>帆布织物密度的计算单位以公制计，是指一平方英寸内经纬纱排列的根数。密度的大小，直接影响织物的外观，手感，厚度，强力，抗折性，透气性，耐磨性和保暖性能等物理机械指标，同时他也关系到产品的成本和生产效率的大小。因此，密度越大防水性越好。</p><h3 id="克重"><a href="#克重" class="headerlink" title="克重"></a>克重</h3><p>克重：指一平方米布料的重量克数。</p><p>梭织帆布面料用<code>盎司</code>、<code>安</code>或 <code>OZ</code>，针织帆布一般用克重（g/m<sup>2</sup>）。其中 <code>安</code>是 <code>安士</code> 的缩写，英文表示为 <code>OZ</code>。</p><pre><code>1盎司 = 28.3495231g/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;</code></pre><p>安数越大，经纬度越粗。</p><h3 id="幅宽和起订量"><a href="#幅宽和起订量" class="headerlink" title="幅宽和起订量"></a>幅宽和起订量</h3><p>幅宽：指帆布的纬向宽度，在国际上常用 <code>英寸</code>或 <code>&quot;</code> 表示，如47”。在国内常用 <code>厘米</code> 或 <code>cm</code> 表示，如 120cm。</p><pre><code>1英寸=2.54厘米</code></pre><p>帆布幅宽为1.45米。</p><p>起订量：理论上是 500米，有现货的情况下 100 米，200米 也可以。</p><h3 id="帆布种类"><a href="#帆布种类" class="headerlink" title="帆布种类"></a>帆布种类</h3><p>根据材质不同分为涤棉帆布和纯棉帆布。</p><ul><li>纯棉（100% cutton canvas）：手感好 不耐干 结实。</li><li>涤棉(TC canvas)：一般情况下：65%涤，35%棉。表面比纯棉亮滑。</li><li>再生棉：可回收再利用。用的不多。</li></ul><p>按水洗分类：</p><ul><li>水洗帆布：颜色比较复古，泛白，就像水洗过了一样。</li><li>染色帆布：色彩鲜艳，易掉色，但取决于质量。帆布的原始颜色为米黄色。</li></ul><h3 id="价格"><a href="#价格" class="headerlink" title="价格"></a>价格</h3><p>常用帆布主要有：</p><ul><li>10安=7.5元/码</li><li>12安=11.5元/码</li><li>14安=13.5元/码</li><li>16安=15.5元/码</li><li>22安=20元/码</li></ul><h2 id="牛津布"><a href="#牛津布" class="headerlink" title="牛津布"></a>牛津布</h2><figure class="image-bubble">                <div class="img-lightbox">                    <div class="overlay"></div>                    <img src="../resources/images/oxiford-material.jpg" alt="" title="">                </div>                <div class="image-caption"></div>            </figure><p>牛津布（oxford），又称牛津纺。牛津布有面料和涂层构成，表面为纺织布料，背面为图层。图层的材料分为 PVC 涂层和 PU 涂层。PU 图层几乎用肉眼看不到。</p><p>对于纺织布料，黑色和白色是最常规的颜色，一般都会有现货，其他颜色一般要定做。</p><h3 id="特点-1"><a href="#特点-1" class="headerlink" title="特点"></a>特点</h3><ul><li>采用较细的精梳高支纱线作双经，与较粗的纬纱以纬重</li><li>平组织交织而成。<br>色泽柔和，布身柔软，透气性好，穿着舒适，易洗速干，多用作衬衣、运动服和睡衣等。</li><li>产品品种花式较多，有素色、漂白、色经白纬、色经色纬、中浅色条形花纹等；还有用涤棉纱线织制的。</li></ul><p>市场上常见涤纶牛津布 有： 210D，300D，420D, 600D，1680D， 1800D</p><h3 id="适用的包"><a href="#适用的包" class="headerlink" title="适用的包"></a>适用的包</h3><figure class="image-bubble">                <div class="img-lightbox">                    <div class="overlay"></div>                    <img src="../resources/images/oxford-bag.jpg" alt="" title="">                </div>                <div class="image-caption"></div>            </figure><p>可以用于背包、电脑包、腰包、书包、午餐包、背包、购物袋。女包一般不用涤纶牛津布，要用也使用尼龙牛津布，表面更亮一些。</p><h3 id="D-数的含义"><a href="#D-数的含义" class="headerlink" title="D 数的含义"></a>D 数的含义</h3><p>D 是 DENIER（旦尼尔）的缩写，是化学纤维的一种细度表达方法，是指9000米长的丝在公定回潮率时的重量克数，也称为旦数。 </p><pre><code>旦尼尔（D）=(g/L)x9000，其中 g 为丝线重量(克), L为丝线长度(米)。</code></pre><p>D 越大，表示纱线越粗，同样面积的布料就越重。常见于背包面料的材料强度指标。</p><p>一般用于300D，420D，600D，1680D。</p><h3 id="分类"><a href="#分类" class="headerlink" title="分类"></a>分类</h3><table><thead><tr><th>特性/材质</th><th>尼龙牛津布</th><th>涤纶牛津布</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>感官</td><td>光泽度亮，手感滑</td><td>光泽度较暗，表面较粗糙</td></tr><tr><td>燃烧</td><td>冒白烟</td><td>冒很旺的黑烟，残物捏了会碎</td></tr><tr><td>性能</td><td>表面防水，耐磨，受力，色牢度</td><td>涂层防水，涂层会有白色划痕</td></tr><tr><td>涂层</td><td>PU/优力胶/PVC涂层</td><td>PVC涂层</td></tr><tr><td>普通价格（元/米）</td><td>7-16</td><td>4.5-6.5</td></tr><tr><td>环保价格</td><td>+ 1.5-2</td><td>+1.5-2</td></tr><tr><td>宽幅</td><td>1.45米</td><td>1.45米</td></tr><tr><td>起订量</td><td>1000米</td><td>1000米</td></tr></tbody></table><p>里布的起重量一般是 1400m。</p><p>牛津布的纹路分为正文和斜纹。</p><p>按照表层的纺织布料可以分为尼龙牛津布和涤纶牛津布。涤纶和尼龙的区分为：</p><ol><li><p>涤纶（聚脂纤维），又称 POLYESTER。</p><p> 特性是：</p><ul><li>良好的透气性和排湿性。</li><li>较强的抗酸碱性。</li><li>抗紫外线的能力。</li><li>布料外表比尼龙暗，较粗糙。</li><li><p>价格比尼龙便宜，用的比较多。</p><p>按照表层的纺织布料的粗细程度分为不同的档次，210D，300D，420D, 600D，1280D，1680D， 1800D。210D 通常用于作里布。</p><p>一般75D的倍数的布料为涤沦，如 75D，150D，300D，600D，1200D，1800D 均为涤沦。布料外表比尼龙暗，较粗糙。</p></li></ul></li><li><p>锦纶（尼龙），又称Nylon，聚酰胺纤维。</p><p> 特点：</p><ul><li>优点是高强度、高耐磨性、高抗化学性及良好的抗变形性，抗老化性。</li><li>缺点是手感较硬。</li><li>布料的光泽度比较亮，手感较滑。</li><li>表层防水，水滴上去表层会形成水珠。仿的尼龙表层还是会湿，不能通过图层防水。</li><li><p>尼龙的价格比涤纶的贵，用的比较少。</p><p>比较有名的有PERTEX，CORDURA。</p><p>一般 70D 的倍数的布料即为尼龙，如70D，210D,420D，840D，1680D均为尼龙材质，但是市面上因为价格的关系也用涤纶来制造的。</p></li></ul></li></ol><h3 id="价格-1"><a href="#价格-1" class="headerlink" title="价格"></a>价格</h3><p>600D 的牛津布分为 A、B、C、D 四个版本，A - D 版的价格渐高，更密，一般高在 10倍 放大镜下看。参考价格为：</p><ul><li>A 版：4.2元/米</li><li>B 版：4.8元/米</li><li>C 版：5.6元/米</li><li>D 版：6.5元/米</li></ul><p>其他牛津布的参考价格为：</p><ul><li>210D：2.2~3.5元/米    </li><li>420D：3.6~4.6元/米</li><li>1680D：12~16元/米</li></ul><h2 id="里布"><a href="#里布" class="headerlink" title="里布"></a>里布</h2><p>里布的价格一般比面料的价格更低。</p><figure class="image-bubble">                <div class="img-lightbox">                    <div class="overlay"></div>                    <img src="../resources/images/lining.jpg" alt="" title="">                </div>                <div class="image-caption"></div>            </figure><p>里布尽量不要用白色，会增加次品率。</p><p>根据客人的询盘数量，告知是否可以定做材质，不同材质起订量不一样，数量少的只能用现有材料。</p><p>以下材料常用于女包和运动包的里布：</p><ul><li>210D 牛津布、</li><li>无涂层（即看不到的 PU 图层）的 420D。</li><li>无涂层的斜纹 230D。</li><li>T/C棉。涤纶和棉布混纺。一般都带有印花。</li><li>斜纹。</li><li>棉布。成本比较高，用得比较少。</li><li>190T，比 210D 更薄，也是牛津布的一种，也成为涤塔夫，不常用。</li><li>塔丝绒。旁边容易拉丝，不常用。</li><li>桃皮绒。</li></ul><p>铝膜、复铝膜珍珠棉常用于冰包、午餐包的里布。使用其防水隔热的特性。复铝膜珍珠棉越厚，价格越高，厚度单位为 mm。</p><p>背包一般使用 210D 或者 230D 作为里布。<strong>铝箔复合珍珠棉：</strong></p><figure class="image-bubble">                <div class="img-lightbox">                    <div class="overlay"></div>                    <img src="../resources/images/alum-pearl-wool.jpg" alt="" title="">                </div>                <div class="image-caption"></div>            </figure><p><strong>铝膜</strong></p><figure class="image-bubble">                <div class="img-lightbox">                    <div class="overlay"></div>                    <img src="../resources/images/aluminum.jpg" alt="" title="">                </div>                <div class="image-caption"></div>            </figure><p><strong>珍珠棉：</strong></p><figure class="image-bubble">                <div class="img-lightbox">                    <div class="overlay"></div>                    <img src="../resources/images/pearl-wool.jpg" alt="" title="">                </div>                <div class="image-caption"></div>            </figure><p>聚乙烯发泡棉是非交联闭孔结构，又称 EPE 珍珠棉 , 是一种新型环保的包装材料。它由低密度聚乙烯脂经物理发泡产生无数的独立气泡构成。克服了普通发泡胶易碎、变形、恢复性差的缺点。具有隔水防潮、防震、隔音、保温、可塑性能佳、韧性强、循环再造、环保、抗撞力强等诸多优点，亦具有很好的抗化学性能。是传统包装材料的理想替代品。 </p><p><strong>铝箔复合珍珠棉：</strong></p><figure class="image-bubble">                <div class="img-lightbox">                    <div class="overlay"></div>                    <img src="../resources/images/alum-pearl-wool.jpg" alt="" title="">                </div>                <div class="image-caption"></div>            </figure><p><strong>铝膜</strong></p><figure class="image-bubble">                <div class="img-lightbox">                    <div class="overlay"></div>                    <img src="../resources/images/aluminum.jpg" alt="" title="">                </div>                <div class="image-caption"></div>            </figure><p><strong>珍珠棉：</strong></p><figure class="image-bubble">                <div class="img-lightbox">                    <div class="overlay"></div>                    <img src="../resources/images/pearl-wool.jpg" alt="" title="">                </div>                <div class="image-caption"></div>            </figure><p>聚乙烯发泡棉是非交联闭孔结构，又称 EPE 珍珠棉 , 是一种新型环保的包装材料。它由低密度聚乙烯脂经物理发泡产生无数的独立气泡构成。克服了普通发泡胶易碎、变形、恢复性差的缺点。具有隔水防潮、防震、隔音、保温、可塑性能佳、韧性强、循环再造、环保、抗撞力强等诸多优点，亦具有很好的抗化学性能。是传统包装材料的理想替代品。 </p><h2 id="网料"><a href="#网料" class="headerlink" title="网料"></a>网料</h2><p>网布在箱包行业中一般用于包的两侧，前幅或后幅做于网袋用于放置物品，或者用于夹层来隔离物品！</p><figure class="image-bubble">                <div class="img-lightbox">                    <div class="overlay"></div>                    <img src="../resources/images/screen-cloth.jpg" alt="" title="">                </div>                <div class="image-caption"></div>            </figure><h3 id="分类-1"><a href="#分类-1" class="headerlink" title="分类"></a>分类</h3><ol><li><p>三明治网布。布料分为三层，常用于制作外带。</p><p> 1.优越的透气性<br> 2.回弹性,有弹性,提供缓冲保护<br> 3.质地轻,易洗涤<br> 4.环保无毒<br> 5.网孔多样性,美观大方。</p></li><li><p>六角网布</p></li><li>pvc塑胶网.发泡网布</li><li>尼龙格纱网布</li><li><p>不锈钢网布</p><ul><li>编织精密、零缺陷；</li><li>网孔规则、精确；</li><li>过滤精度可靠；　</li><li>高抗压强度；　</li><li>耐高温、抗化学腐蚀；　</li><li>耐磨性好；　</li><li>良好的可成型性。 不锈钢轧花网布也是不锈钢支撑网，煤炭筛分网布等也是工业用网布的不可缺少的网布部分。</li></ul></li></ol><h3 id="价格-2"><a href="#价格-2" class="headerlink" title="价格"></a>价格</h3><ul><li>六角网：1.8~6.5 元/m</li><li>三明治网：5~9 元/m</li></ul>]]></content>
    
    <summary type="html">
    
      
      
        &lt;h2 id=&quot;面料&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;#面料&quot; class=&quot;headerlink&quot; title=&quot;面料&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;面料&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;面料主要分为两大类，即皮革类和纺织布料类。皮革包括 PU 革、 PVC 革和真皮三大类，纺织布料类主要使用帆布和牛津布。&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 i
      
    
    </summary>
    
      <category term="Bag" scheme="http://blog.inesoi.com/categories/Bag/"/>
    
    
      <category term="bag" scheme="http://blog.inesoi.com/tags/bag/"/>
    
      <category term="material" scheme="http://blog.inesoi.com/tags/material/"/>
    
  </entry>
  
  <entry>
    <title>箱包辅料</title>
    <link href="http://blog.inesoi.com/bag-accessory-material.html"/>
    <id>http://blog.inesoi.com/bag-accessory-material.html</id>
    <published>2015-07-06T16:00:00.000Z</published>
    <updated>2018-08-19T10:09:33.796Z</updated>
    
    <content type="html"><![CDATA[<h2 id="EVA"><a href="#EVA" class="headerlink" title="EVA"></a>EVA</h2><figure class="image-bubble">                <div class="img-lightbox">                    <div class="overlay"></div>                    <img src="../resources/images/eva.jpg" alt="" title="">                </div>                <div class="image-caption"></div>            </figure><ul><li>中文名称: 乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物 </li><li>化学品英文名称: ethylene-vinyl acetate copo 乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物 。</li></ul><p>特性：</p><ul><li>耐水性: 密闭泡孔结构、不吸水、防潮、耐水性能良好。</li><li>耐腐蚀性: 耐海水、油脂、酸、碱等化学品腐蚀，抗菌、无毒、无味、无污染。 </li><li>加工性: 无接头，且易于进行热压、剪裁、涂胶、贴合等加工。 </li><li>防震动: 回弹性和抗张力高，韧性高，具有良好的防震 / 缓冲性能。 </li><li>保温性: 隔热，保温防寒及低温性能优异，可耐严寒和曝晒。 </li><li>隔音性: 密闭泡孔，隔音效果好。 </li></ul><p>价格：</p><ul><li>厚1.0mm：1.275元/米</li><li>厚1.2mm：1.55元/米</li><li>厚1.5mm：1.9元/米</li><li>厚2mm：2.6元/米</li><li>厚3mm：3.8元/米</li><li>厚4mm：5.1元/米</li><li>厚5mm：6.5元/米</li><li>厚8mm：10.8元/米</li></ul><h2 id="PEVA"><a href="#PEVA" class="headerlink" title="PEVA"></a>PEVA</h2><p>性能特点：</p><ol><li>可生物降解:弃掉或燃烧时不会对环境造成伤害。</li><li>与PVC价格相近:EVA的价格比有毒的PVC较贵，但相对不含邻苯二甲酸盐之PVC为便宜。</li><li>重量较轻:EVA的密度介乎0.91至0.93，而PVC则为1.32。</li><li>不含臭味:EVA不含像阿摩尼亚(ammonia)或其它有机气味。</li><li>不含重金属:符合有关国际的玩具条例(EN-71 Part 3及ASTM-F963)。</li><li>不含邻苯二甲酸盐:适合儿童玩具及不会产生增塑剂释出危险。</li><li>高透明，柔软及坚韧度:应用范围十分广阔。</li></ol><h2 id="PE-板"><a href="#PE-板" class="headerlink" title="PE 板"></a>PE 板</h2><figure class="image-bubble">                <div class="img-lightbox">                    <div class="overlay"></div>                    <img src="../resources/images/material-pe.jpg" alt="" title="">                </div>                <div class="image-caption"></div>            </figure><h3 id="性能"><a href="#性能" class="headerlink" title="性能"></a>性能</h3><ul><li>具有韧性高，抗拉，耐腐蚀，耐低温，耐磨性能好等特点。在化工，服装，包装，食品等领域有广泛应用。</li><li>可进行填充，阻燃，改性，表面可压花，磨砂。</li><li>LDPE(高压低密聚乙烯)性质较柔软，机械强度较低，熔点亦较低，适于制薄膜和电缆绝缘层。</li><li>HDPE(低压高密聚乙烯)刚性较大，机械强度较高，熔点亦较高。适合制中空制品，注塑制品等,广泛用于制造冰球场墙板．厚度：1-350mm颜色:本色,白色,蓝色,黄色,灰色,黑色,绿色等。</li></ul><h3 id="性质"><a href="#性质" class="headerlink" title="性质"></a>性质</h3><p>HDPE板（高密度聚乙烯板）熔点约为130℃，相对密度为0.941~0.960。它具有良好的耐热性和耐寒性，化学稳定性好，还具有较高的刚性和韧性，机械强度好。介电性能，耐环境应力开裂性亦较好。熔化温度220~260C。对于分子较大的材料，建议熔化温度范围在200~250C之间。</p><ul><li>中文名： 聚乙烯</li><li>英文名： POLYETHYLENE</li><li>英文名2：PE</li><li>产品规格：厚x宽x长 1-100mmX1000mmx2000mm</li><li>幅宽：1 米</li></ul><h3 id="用途"><a href="#用途" class="headerlink" title="用途"></a>用途</h3><ul><li><p>PE保温板采用聚乙烯塑胶粒发泡而成，具有非常卓越的吸声隔单，抗水气渗透能力和截止气体流通能力，吸水性低，导热系数低。</p></li><li><p>橡塑海绵保温材料是采用性能优异的丁腈橡胶、聚氯乙烯为主要原料，配以各种优质辅助材料，以特殊工艺发泡而成的软质高档保温节能材料，绝不含氯氟烃。</p></li><li><p>本品具有柔软、耐屈绕、耐寒、耐热、阻燃、防水、导热系数低、减震、吸音等优良性能。可广泛用于中央空调、建筑、化工、医药、轻纺等行业。</p></li><li><p>饮用水污水管道、热水管道、运输容器、泵和阀门部件、医用器具部件、密封件、切割板、滑动型材。广泛用于化工、机械、电力、服装、包装、食品等行业。</p></li></ul><h3 id="价格"><a href="#价格" class="headerlink" title="价格"></a>价格</h3><ul><li>0.6mm =12元/平方米</li><li>0.8mm =16元/平方米</li><li>1mm =20元/平方米</li><li>1.2mm =24元/平方米</li></ul><h2 id="骨条解析"><a href="#骨条解析" class="headerlink" title="骨条解析"></a>骨条解析</h2><figure class="image-bubble">                <div class="img-lightbox">                    <div class="overlay"></div>                    <img src="../resources/images/bone-article.jpg" alt="" title="">                </div>                <div class="image-caption"></div>            </figure><h3 id="作用"><a href="#作用" class="headerlink" title="作用"></a>作用</h3><ul><li>固定包的整个框架</li><li>让包更稳，更不容易变形</li><li>使包更立体更美观</li></ul><h3 id="价格-1"><a href="#价格-1" class="headerlink" title="价格"></a>价格</h3><ul><li>2.0mm骨条=0.08元/m</li><li>2.5mm骨条=0.1元/m</li><li>3.0mm骨条=0.11元/m</li><li>3.2mm骨条=0.15元/m</li></ul><h2 id="拉链"><a href="#拉链" class="headerlink" title="拉链"></a>拉链</h2><p>拉链由链牙、拉头、上下止（前码和后码）或锁紧件等组成。其中链牙是关键部分，它直接决定拉链的侧拉强度。一般拉链有两片链带，每片链带上各自有一列链牙，两列链牙相互交错排列。拉头夹持两侧链牙，借助拉襻滑行，即可使两侧的链牙相互啮合或脱开。</p><figure class="image-bubble">                <div class="img-lightbox">                    <div class="overlay"></div>                    <img src="../resources/images/material-zipper.jpg" alt="" title="">                </div>                <div class="image-caption"></div>            </figure><h3 id="分类"><a href="#分类" class="headerlink" title="分类"></a>分类</h3><p>按材料：尼龙拉链、树脂拉链、金属拉链。</p><ol><li>尼龙拉链：隐形拉链、穿心拉链、背胶防水拉链、不穿心拉链、双骨拉链、编织拉链等。</li><li>树脂拉链：金（银）牙拉链、透明拉链、半透明拉链、畜能发光拉链、蕾射拉链、钻石拉链。</li><li>金属拉链：铝牙拉链、铜牙拉链（黄铜、白铜、古铜、红铜等）、黑镍拉链</li></ol><p>按照是否开尾可分为：</p><ol><li>开尾拉链（左右插） 双开尾X型</li><li>双闭尾拉链（X或O）</li></ol><p>按大小分类：</p><p>0#、2#、3#、4#、5#、7#、8#、9#、10#、20#……..30#，型号的大小和拉链牙齿的大小成正比。</p><p>按结构：</p><ul><li>闭口拉链。后码是固定的，只能从前码端拉开。在拉链全开状态下，两链带被后码连接不能分开。适用于普通包袋。</li><li>开口拉链。在牙链下端无后码而设紧锁件。紧锁件锁合时相当于闭口拉链，把拉头拉靠锁紧件而将锁紧件分开，链带即可分开。适用于服装或常需拉开的物品。</li><li>双开拉链。有两个拉头，可从任意一端打开或闭合。将两个拉头都拉靠紧锁件而使其分开，便可完全打开。适用于大型袋子、卧具、帐篷等。</li></ul><p>按功能分类：</p><ul><li>自锁拉链</li><li>无锁拉链</li><li>半自锁拉链</li></ul><p>按牙形分类：</p><ul><li>单点牙<ul><li>普 通 牙</li><li>Y 牙</li><li>方 牙</li></ul></li><li>双点牙<ul><li>玉 米 牙</li><li>欧 牙</li></ul></li></ul><h3 id="价格-2"><a href="#价格-2" class="headerlink" title="价格"></a>价格</h3><ul><li>3#尼龙拉链=0.22元/m</li><li>3#铜齿拉链=1.8—2.5元/m</li><li>5#尼龙拉链=0.34元/m</li><li>3#铜齿拉链=3.5元/m</li></ul><h2 id="棉芯"><a href="#棉芯" class="headerlink" title="棉芯"></a>棉芯</h2><p>一般用于箱包手提内部，加固手提，提的承受重量和受力度，不易折断。</p><figure class="image-bubble">                <div class="img-lightbox">                    <div class="overlay"></div>                    <img src="../resources/images/material-cutton-core.jpg" alt="" title="">                </div>                <div class="image-caption"></div>            </figure><h3 id="价格-3"><a href="#价格-3" class="headerlink" title="价格"></a>价格</h3><ul><li>0.7cm=0.35元/m</li><li>0.8cm=0.4元/m</li><li>1.0cm=0.5元/m</li></ul><h2 id="魔术贴"><a href="#魔术贴" class="headerlink" title="魔术贴"></a>魔术贴</h2><figure class="image-bubble">                <div class="img-lightbox">                    <div class="overlay"></div>                    <img src="../resources/images/velcro.jpg" alt="" title="">                </div>                <div class="image-caption"></div>            </figure><h3 id="分类-1"><a href="#分类-1" class="headerlink" title="分类"></a>分类</h3><ol><li>尼龙材质：尼龙不容易燃烧，而且非常的软，魔术贴比较适合在服装上使用，并且是非常环保的材质。</li><li>涤纶材质：容易燃烧，而且会产生黑烟，还伴随有刺鼻的味道，材质较硬，而且手感比较粗糙。</li><li>涤纶和尼龙混合材质：结合了涤纶和尼龙的所有特点，不易燃烧，非常的耐用。背胶魔术贴就是使用这种材质做成</li><li>尼龙A级材质：非常的柔软，常用作贴身衣服使用，而且还能使用在宝宝身上，不会造成皮肤伤害。</li><li>不抓毛材质：主要有不抓毛魔术贴种类，只有毛面，钩子通常配尼龙A级材质使用，用在贴身衣服上比较的多。</li></ol><p>不同的材质可以制作成不同的魔术贴，材质的不同，魔术贴的用处和特点也是不一样的，但是各种魔术贴都是符合环保标准的，客户可以根据自己的要求来选择不同的魔术贴种类。</p><h3 id="规格尺寸"><a href="#规格尺寸" class="headerlink" title="规格尺寸"></a>规格尺寸</h3><p>魔术贴的宽度介于1.0cm~15cm，市面常用规格分别有：1.25cm，1.6cm，2.0cm，2.5cm，3.0cm，4.0cm，5.0cm，6.0cm，7.5cm，8.0cm，10cm，11cm，11.5cm，12.5cm，13.5cm 十五种。其他尺寸一般都要定做的。</p><h3 id="价-格"><a href="#价-格" class="headerlink" title="价  格"></a>价  格</h3><ul><li>2.0cm=0.35元/m</li><li>2.5cm=0.5元/m</li><li>4.0cm=0.6元/m</li></ul><h2 id="无纺布"><a href="#无纺布" class="headerlink" title="无纺布"></a>无纺布</h2><figure class="image-bubble">                <div class="img-lightbox">                    <div class="overlay"></div>                    <img src="../resources/images/non-woven-fabrics.jpg" alt="" title="">                </div>                <div class="image-caption"></div>            </figure><h3 id="用-途"><a href="#用-途" class="headerlink" title="用 途"></a>用 途</h3><p>无纺布制品色彩丰富、鲜艳明丽、时尚环保、用途广泛、美观大方，图案和款式都多样，且质轻、环保、可循环再用，被国际公认为保护地球生态的环保产品。适用于农用薄膜、制鞋、制革、床垫、子母被、装饰、化工、印刷、汽车、建材，家具等行业，及服装衬布，医疗卫生一次性手术衣，口罩，帽，床单，酒店一次性台布，美容，桑拿乃至当今时尚的 <strong>礼品袋，精品袋，购物袋，广告袋</strong> 等等。环保产品，用途广泛，经济实惠。无纺布由于它的外观形似珍珠，又称为珍珍珠画布！</p><h3 id="特-点"><a href="#特-点" class="headerlink" title="特 点"></a>特 点</h3><p>无纺布没有经纬线，剪裁和缝纫都非常方便，而且质轻容易定型，深受手工爱好者的喜爱。</p><p>因为它是一种不需要纺纱织布而形成的织物，只是将纺织短纤维或者长丝进行定向或随机排列，形成纤网结构，然后采用机械、热粘或化学等方法加固而成。</p><p>它不是由一根一根的纱线交织、编结在一起的，而是将纤维直接通过物理的方法粘合在一起的，所以，当你拿到你衣服里的粘称时，就会发现，是抽不出一根根的线头的。非织造布突破了传统的纺织原理，并具有工艺流程短、生产速率快，产量高、成本低、用途广、原料来源多等特点。</p><p>优点：</p><ol><li>质轻：以聚丙烯树脂为主要生产原料，比重仅0.9，只有棉花的五分之三具有蓬松性，手感好！、</li><li>柔软：由细纤维组成(2-3D)轻点状热熔粘结成型。成品柔软度适中，具舒适感。</li><li>拨水、透气：聚丙烯切片不吸水，含水率零，成品拨水性佳，由100%纤维组成具多孔性，透气性佳，易保持布面干爽、易洗涤。</li><li>抗菌、抗化学药剂：聚丙烯属化学钝性物质，不虫蛀，并能隔离存在液体内细菌及虫类的侵蚀；抗菌、碱腐蚀、成品不因侵蚀而影响强度。</li></ol><p>缺点：</p><ol><li>与纺织布相比强度和耐久性较差。</li><li>不能像其他布料一样清洗。</li><li>纤维按一定方向排列、所以容易从直角方向裂开等等。因此生产方法的改善主要放在防止分裂的改良上。</li></ol><h3 id="分-类"><a href="#分-类" class="headerlink" title="分 类"></a>分 类</h3><ul><li>水刺无纺布</li><li>湿法无纺布</li><li>防粘无纺布</li><li>针刺无纺布</li><li>缝边无纺布</li></ul><h3 id="价格-4"><a href="#价格-4" class="headerlink" title="价格"></a>价格</h3><ul><li>60gms=1元/m</li><li>80gms=1.6元/m</li><li>100gms=1.8元/m</li></ul><h2 id="五金"><a href="#五金" class="headerlink" title="五金"></a>五金</h2><figure class="image-bubble">                <div class="img-lightbox">                    <div class="overlay"></div>                    <img src="../resources/images/hardware.jpg" alt="" title="">                </div>                <div class="image-caption"></div>            </figure><h3 id="分类-2"><a href="#分类-2" class="headerlink" title="分类"></a>分类</h3><ul><li>扣子<ul><li>D  扣</li><li>方  扣</li><li>日 字 扣</li><li>拉芯扣</li><li>钩 扣</li></ul></li><li>锁</li><li>肩链</li><li>铆钉</li><li>铭牌</li></ul><p>常用颜色：白 色、清 古 铜 色、金 色、浅 金 色。</p><h2 id="织带"><a href="#织带" class="headerlink" title="织带"></a>织带</h2><p>常用与背包，包括包边织带和手提织带。包边织带比较薄，薄的织带用于内包边，厚的用于外包边。常见的是 300D，600D，900D，D 数越高纹路越粗。常见的纹路有美国纹、十字纹、人字纹。</p><p>按照材料分为尼龙织带、 PP 织带，PP 是化纤布料的一种。PP 是很常用的织带。高档男包常用尼龙织带。</p><figure class="image-bubble">                <div class="img-lightbox">                    <div class="overlay"></div>                    <img src="../resources/images/braid.jpg" alt="" title="">                </div>                <div class="image-caption"></div>            </figure><p>织带和松紧带都是按纹路和宽度来分。2.5、3.5、3.8，单位为公分。包边一般是 2.0，2.2。</p><h3 id="分类-3"><a href="#分类-3" class="headerlink" title="分类"></a>分类</h3><p>材料：</p><ul><li>棉纶</li><li><p>涤纶</p><ul><li>强力耐磨。</li><li>吸水性差，公定回潮率0.4%（20℃，相对湿度65%，100g涤纶吸水0.4g）。</li><li>易生静电，易起毛起球。</li><li>耐酸不耐碱。注：一定浓度的碱在一定温度下破坏涤纶表面使织物手感松软。</li><li>耐腐蚀性、耐光性比较好。</li><li>涤纶纤维所制织的织物不易起皱，尺寸稳定性好，易洗快干。</li></ul></li><li><p>尼龙</p></li><li>氨纶</li></ul><p>锦纶或尼龙：</p><ul><li>强力非常好，甚至超过同等细度的钢丝。</li><li>耐磨性非常好，超过其他纺织纤维，适合做运动装，袜子，降落伞，缆绳。</li><li>吸水性差，公定回潮率4%，易静电，起毛，起球。</li><li>耐碱不耐酸，37.5%盐酸可以溶解。</li><li>耐腐蚀性好，耐水性差，耐光性耐热性差，久晒强力下降泛黄。</li><li>锦纶所制服装容易变形，容易起皱。</li></ul><p>结构：</p><ul><li>平纹</li><li>斜纹- 段纹</li><li>提花</li><li>双层</li></ul><p>辨别织带：</p><p>将两种不知类别织带的经纬纱线拆出数根，分别用打火机燃烧，燃烧过程中观察一些物理现象，以确定经纬纱线的原料。燃烧时要分别对火焰、熔化情况及散发出的气味、燃烧后的灰烬的状况进行观察。</p><p>下面是两种织带材料的燃烧物理性能参数，供大家参考：</p><ul><li>尼龙织带： 近焰即熔缩 熔燃,滴落并起泡 不直接续燃 似芹菜味 硬、圆、轻、棕到灰色,珠状。</li><li>涤纶织带： 近焰即熔缩 熔燃,滴落并起泡 能续燃,少数有烟 极弱的甜味 硬圆,黑或淡褐色。</li></ul><h3 id="价格-5"><a href="#价格-5" class="headerlink" title="价格"></a>价格</h3><ul><li>2.2cm=0.08元/m</li><li>3cm=0.3元/m</li><li>3.8cm=0.4元/m</li><li>5cm=0.6元/m</li></ul><h2 id="海绵"><a href="#海绵" class="headerlink" title="海绵"></a>海绵</h2><figure class="image-bubble">                <div class="img-lightbox">                    <div class="overlay"></div>                    <img src="../resources/images/spongia.jpg" alt="" title="">                </div>                <div class="image-caption"></div>            </figure><ul><li>原色米白色</li><li>日后会因为跟氧气产生氧化反应而变成黄色，有些是因需要漂成白色或染成其他</li><li>质地柔软,怕热（可耐温200度）</li><li>易燃烧（可添加阻燃剂）,是用聚氨酯加TDI或MDI进行胶联反应而产生的塑料类的产物.</li></ul><p>大量应用于各行各业，主要用于防震,保温，物料的填充，儿童玩具等。</p><p>海绵分3种：高回弹、中回弹、慢回弹。</p>]]></content>
    
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  <entry>
    <title>70个让搜索更精准的国外搜索引擎</title>
    <link href="http://blog.inesoi.com/search-engine.html"/>
    <id>http://blog.inesoi.com/search-engine.html</id>
    <published>2015-07-01T16:00:00.000Z</published>
    <updated>2018-08-19T10:09:33.796Z</updated>
    
    <content type="html"><![CDATA[<p>See <a href="http://www.egouz.com/worldnews/topics/290.html" target="_blank" rel="external">http://www.egouz.com/worldnews/topics/290.html</a></p><p>在国内一般的搜索都是通过百度、搜狗、360搜索、迅雷搜索等，在国外一般都是使用谷歌搜索、bing搜索。殊不知特别的搜索需求需要特别的搜索引擎的。下面我们介绍一下你所不知道的国外搜索引擎：</p><ol><li><p>ZoMaTo：印度美食搜索引擎</p><p> 网站：<a href="http://www.zomato.com/" target="_blank" rel="external">http://www.zomato.com/</a></p><p> 介绍：ZoMaTo：印度美食搜索引擎是一个为用户提供印度美食搜索的搜索引擎站点，成立于2008年，提供跨越10个城市，覆盖超过30000家印度餐馆的菜单。</p></li><li><p>UI Cloud：UI设计素材云搜索引擎</p><p> 网站：<a href="http://ui-cloud.com/" target="_blank" rel="external">http://ui-cloud.com/</a></p><p> 介绍：UI Cloud：UI设计素材云搜索引擎是一个针对UI设计素材搜索的网站，通过关键字搜索你所需要的素材，并且下载是完全免费的，漂亮的网站UI设计加上优秀的素材下载资源，绝对是你找素材的好应用。</p></li><li><p>Hopper：旅游数据库搜索引擎</p><p> 网站：<a href="http://www.hopper.com/" target="_blank" rel="external">http://www.hopper.com/</a></p><p> 介绍：Hopper：旅游数据库搜索引擎是一个搜集数据并建立结构化的目录算法从而打造出来的旅游搜索引擎，Hopper已经聚合了5亿个旅游方面的网站页面并且将内容进行了结构化，让你通过自然语言来搜索旅游信息。</p></li><li><p>PeekYou：社会化找人搜索引擎</p><p> 网站：<a href="http://www.peekyou.com/" target="_blank" rel="external">http://www.peekyou.com/</a></p><p> 介绍：PeekYou：社会化找人搜索引擎是一款社会性方便找人的搜人引擎，可以方便你找到自己的旧友或者让更多的人通过互联网来寻找到你。</p></li><li><p>BigWords：教科书比价搜索引擎</p><p> 网站：<a href="http://www.bigwords.com/" target="_blank" rel="external">http://www.bigwords.com/</a></p><p> 介绍：BigWords：教科书比价搜索引擎是一个搜索各大教科书在线商店价格的搜索引擎网站，成立于1998年;网站的主旨就是让学生在购买教科书方面尽量少花钱。</p></li><li><p>SkyLines：基于搜索兴趣图片搜索引擎</p><p> 网站：<a href="http://www.skylines.io/" target="_blank" rel="external">http://www.skylines.io/</a></p><p> 介绍：SkyLines：基于搜索兴趣图片搜索引擎是一个基于用户发现感兴趣的图片搜索引擎，让用户看到自己真正感兴趣的图片，该平台支持手机版和网页版。</p></li><li><p>MoBenTo：音频内容搜索引擎</p><p> 网站：<a href="http://www.mobento.com/" target="_blank" rel="external">http://www.mobento.com/</a></p><p> 介绍：MoBenTo：音频内容搜索引擎是基于特殊的已经检索好的视频库提供这种视频中的音频搜索服务，所有在 Mobento上的索引都是机器完成，如果音频够清晰，服务能提炼出视频中90%的关键词。</p></li><li><p>RockZi：引导式新闻搜索引擎</p><p> 网站：<a href="http://rockzi.com/" target="_blank" rel="external">http://rockzi.com/</a></p><p> 介绍：RockZi：引导式新闻搜索引擎是由Blekko公司推出的一个瀑布流式的新闻阅读网站，采用引导搜索的模式，引导用户进入他们喜欢的新闻页面，而用户们将得到十分高质量的新闻搜索结果。</p></li><li><p>LuxeFinds：基于颜色搜索引擎购物平台</p><p> 网站：<a href="http://luxefinds.com/" target="_blank" rel="external">http://luxefinds.com/</a></p><p> 介绍：LuxeFinds：基于颜色搜索引擎购物平台是一个奢侈的生活方式的搜索引擎,主要用女性的角度关注婚礼、旅游、美食、时尚、美丽和家庭，通过搜索引擎来寻找自己想要的产品。</p></li><li><p>TagSinAction：跨平台标签搜索引擎</p><p>网站：<a href="http://tagsinaction.com/" target="_blank" rel="external">http://tagsinaction.com/</a></p><p>介绍：TagSinAction：跨平台标签搜索引擎是一个基于标签的热点追踪搜索引擎站点，也是一种互联网内容组织方式，主要由相关性很强的关键字组成。</p></li><li><p>VeryIcon：ICON和PNG图标搜索引擎</p><p>网站：<a href="http://www.veryicon.com/" target="_blank" rel="external">http://www.veryicon.com/</a></p><p>介绍：VeryIcon：ICON和PNG图标搜索引擎是一个非常优秀的图片资源网站，可以搜索icon和PNG图标，根据关键词来搜索，并且可以对搜索到的素材图片进行下载。</p></li><li><p>Scour：社会化搜索引擎</p><p>网站：<a href="http://www.scour.com/" target="_blank" rel="external">http://www.scour.com/</a></p><p>介绍：Scour：社会化搜索引擎成立于2007年，是一款衔接谷歌、雅虎、bing搜索引擎的社交搜索引擎，提供网页、图片和视频搜索;允许用户对其搜索结果进行好评或者差评投票以及评论。</p></li><li><p>Volunia：基于社交的社会化搜索平台</p><p>网站：<a href="http://www.volunia.com/" target="_blank" rel="external">http://www.volunia.com/</a></p><p>介绍：Volunia：基于社交的社会化搜索平台是一个社交化的搜索，让用户们快速搜索出符合自己个性化需求，并且可靠的信息，通过从社交网站搜索来的信息对于用户来说有很高的实用性。</p></li><li><p>Schemer：移动社交活动推荐搜索</p><p>网站：<a href="https://www.schemer.com/" target="_blank" rel="external">https://www.schemer.com/</a></p><p>介绍：Schemer：移动社交活动推荐搜索是谷歌推出的一款基于活动推荐的社交应用，帮助用户发现周围新奇有趣并可以参与到其中的有趣事件，帮助你找到志同道合的朋友。</p></li><li><p>PPTFinder：演示文稿PPT搜索引擎</p><p>网站：<a href="http://pptfinder.net/" target="_blank" rel="external">http://pptfinder.net/</a></p><p>介绍：PPTFinder：演示文稿PPT搜索引擎是一个用以搜索PPT演示文档为基础的搜索引擎站点，可以根据关键词来搜索你所需要的演讲PPT文档，同时提供可下载的链接。</p></li><li><p>Mocavo：家谱搜索引擎</p><p>网站：<a href="http://www.mocavo.com/" target="_blank" rel="external">http://www.mocavo.com/</a></p><p>介绍：Mocavo：家谱搜索引擎是建立了一个专为家族祖先搜索优化的搜索引擎。只要输入你亲戚的名字，搜索引擎会尽力查找网络上难以发现的家谱信息。</p></li><li><p>RssMicro：在线RSS订阅源搜索引擎</p><p>网站：<a href="http://www.rssmicro.com/" target="_blank" rel="external">http://www.rssmicro.com/</a></p><p>介绍：RssMicro：在线RSS订阅源搜索引擎是一个可以通过关键词来搜索RSS源的搜索引擎站点，提供文章、图片、视频等资源搜索。</p></li><li><p>Search4Rss：多站点RSS内容源搜索引擎</p><p>网站：<a href="http://www.search4rss.com/" target="_blank" rel="external">http://www.search4rss.com/</a></p><p>介绍：Search4Rss：多站点RSS内容源搜索引擎是一个集合多站点的RSS源资源库搜索引擎站点，可以通过多个大型网站的RSS订阅源进行关键词RSS搜索。</p></li><li><p>FreePik：免费PSD素材搜索引擎</p><p>网站：<a href="http://www.freepik.com/" target="_blank" rel="external">http://www.freepik.com/</a></p><p>介绍：FreePik：免费PSD素材搜索引擎是一个基于素材的搜索引擎站点，为网页设计师提供高质量的图片、向量图、矢量图、插图、PSD文件素材搜索服务。</p></li><li><p>Rome2rio：旅游路线查询搜索服务平台</p><p>网站：<a href="http://www.rome2rio.com/" target="_blank" rel="external">http://www.rome2rio.com/</a></p><p>介绍：Rome2rio：旅游路线查询搜索服务平台是一个专注做旅行路线搜索服务的创业公司，为旅游用户提供多方案的旅游路线路，显示多个备选方案，包括航班、火车、公共汽车、地铁、轮船以及自驾路线等等。</p></li><li><p>DogPile：元搜索引擎</p><p>网站：<a href="http://www.dogpile.com/" target="_blank" rel="external">http://www.dogpile.com/</a></p><p>介绍：DogPile：元搜索引擎是一个著名的元搜索引擎，是目前性能较好的统一检索入口式元搜索引擎之一。每一条搜索结果都综合自数个搜索引擎的搜索数据。</p></li><li><p>HotBot：集合式搜索引擎</p><p>网站：<a href="http://www.hotbot.com/" target="_blank" rel="external">http://www.hotbot.com/</a></p><p>介绍：HotBot：集合式搜索引擎是比较活跃的搜索引擎，数据更新速度比其他引擎都快。网页库容量为<br>1.1亿。以独特的搜索界面著称。该引擎已被Lycos收购。</p></li><li><p>LookSmart：目录导航式搜索引擎</p><p>网站：<a href="http://www.looksmart.com/" target="_blank" rel="external">http://www.looksmart.com/</a></p><p>介绍：LookSmart：目录导航式搜索引擎是美国著名的搜索引擎之一，成立于1995年;该搜索引擎主要是为商业用户提供商业搜索引擎，LookSmart的搜索结果通过顶级门户、互联网服务提供商、搜索引擎服务提供商等提供给用户。</p></li><li><p>IxigGo：印度旅游搜索引擎</p><p>网站：<a href="http://www.ixigo.com/" target="_blank" rel="external">http://www.ixigo.com/</a></p><p>介绍：IxigGo：印度旅游搜索引擎是印度领先的旅游搜索引擎站点，iXiGO类似“旅游信息中介”，根据访客的需要为他们独立提供各项旅游和住宿的信息。</p></li><li><p>Wajam：社会化社交搜索引擎</p><p>网站：<a href="http://www.wajam.com/" target="_blank" rel="external">http://www.wajam.com/</a></p><p>介绍：Wajam：社会化社交搜索引擎是一个将其社交搜索工具整合进Google，Yahoo，Bing及其它主流搜索引擎的搜索页面中，索引所有社交网络的状态更新以及你朋友在Twitter，Facebook及Google+上的分享链接。</p></li><li><p>HopPit：基于氛围餐厅搜索引擎</p><p>网站：<a href="http://www.hoppit.com/" target="_blank" rel="external">http://www.hoppit.com/</a></p><p>介绍：HopPit：基于氛围餐厅搜索引擎是一个可以跟你想要的环境和社交方式来选择餐厅聚餐的搜索引擎站点，不管是家庭聚餐、商业聚餐、情侣聚餐等等，都可以根据此搜索来查找。</p></li><li><p>CalenDapp：全球旅游活动搜索引擎</p><p>网站：<a href="http://calendapp.com/" target="_blank" rel="external">http://calendapp.com/</a></p><p>介绍：CalenDapp：全球旅游活动搜索引擎是一个活动日历! CalendApp旨在通过最好的方式帮你搜寻本地及全球范围内的活动。同时该应用也是手机版的应用软件。</p></li><li><p>Cul-Net：日本文化搜索引擎</p><p>网站：<a href="http://www.cul-net.com/" target="_blank" rel="external">http://www.cul-net.com/</a></p><p>介绍：Cul-Net：日本文化搜索引擎是一个基于日本本土文化的搜索引擎站点，提供日本茶道、绘画、演出、美术、文学、武道、生活习俗等搜索。</p></li><li><p>Azmp3s：音乐搜索引擎</p><p>网站：<a href="http://azmp3s.com/" target="_blank" rel="external">http://azmp3s.com/</a></p><p>介绍：Azmp3s：音乐搜索引擎是一个老牌的歌曲搜索站点，提供每个音乐的原始链接，提供MP3这种音频格式的歌曲搜索之外，还提供歌词的搜索。</p></li><li><p>MyLife：美国搜人网</p><p>网站：<a href="http://www.mylife.com/" target="_blank" rel="external">http://www.mylife.com/</a></p><p>介绍：MyLife：美国搜人网是一个全面的成年人资料数据库，可以根据姓名、年龄、邮编等信息来查询你想要找的人，创立于2009年，由Reunion.com和Wink合并而来，总部位于美国旧金山。</p></li><li><p>Accoona：美国商务搜索引擎</p><p>网站：<a href="http://www.accoona.com/" target="_blank" rel="external">http://www.accoona.com/</a><br>Accoona：美国商务搜索引擎是美国老牌的商业搜索引擎，该引擎可以搜索电子商务、广告、数据引导等以商业数据为基础的搜索引擎站点。</p></li><li><p>Priceonomics：二手货价格搜索引擎</p><p>网站：<a href="http://priceonomics.com/" target="_blank" rel="external">http://priceonomics.com/</a></p><p>介绍：Priceonomics：二手货价格搜索引擎是一个通过从网上搜索各种二手货价格并汇总整合，提供给搜索用户一个比较合理的二手货价格。</p></li><li><p>Zillow：美国免费房地产查询网</p><p>网站：<a href="http://www.zillow.com/" target="_blank" rel="external">http://www.zillow.com/</a></p><p>介绍：Zillow：美国免费房地产查询网是一家提供免费房地产估价服务的网站，在美国一上线就造成大轰动。Zillow创建于2006年，主要向网民提供各类房地产信息查询服务。</p></li><li><p>TruLia：美国房地产搜索引擎</p><p>网站：<a href="http://www.trulia.com/" target="_blank" rel="external">http://www.trulia.com/</a></p><p>介绍：TruLia：美国房地产搜索引擎是美国房地产搜索引擎，用户可以根据邮政编码搜索特定区域的待售房屋，可以依靠Google的API生成特定的图象，以便用户获取更多详细信息。Trulia能够帮助用户从成百上千的房地产中介网站上搜寻正在出售的房屋，出租房屋以及房产资讯。</p></li><li><p>国外网站推荐</p><p>网站：<a href="http://www.egouz.com/" target="_blank" rel="external">http://www.egouz.com/</a></p><p>介绍：国外网站大全资源网是分享和推荐国外知名、实用、高质量的国外网址的站点，收录国外和国内各类实用网站,内容涵盖国外创意、设计、美食、视频、图片、旅游、文化、音乐等多领域站点资源，全方位了解国外互联网动态。</p></li><li><p>15Gifts：礼物搜索引擎</p><p>网站：<a href="http://www.15gifts.com/" target="_blank" rel="external">http://www.15gifts.com/</a></p><p>介绍：15Gifts：礼物搜索引擎是由英国一家15gifts的网站，开发了一种专门的搜索引擎技术，根据每个用户的情况，提供独特的个性化礼品选择建议。</p></li><li><p>ARK：社交搜索引擎</p><p>网站：<a href="http://ark.com/" target="_blank" rel="external">http://ark.com/</a></p><p>介绍：ARK：社交搜索引擎可以让你搜索来自Facebook、Google、LinkedIn、Foursquare以及人人网等社交网络上人们的公开信息或者私人数据。同时你可以很容易发现自己的同学以及新的同事。</p></li><li><p>Famigo：儿童应用指南搜索平台</p><p>网站：<a href="http://www.famigo.com/" target="_blank" rel="external">http://www.famigo.com/</a></p><p>介绍：Famigo：儿童应用指南搜索平台是一个应用指南和搜索平台，帮助家长找到最适合自己孩子用的游戏应用、电子书应用以及一些其它应用。</p></li><li><p>FoundApp：文件搜索引擎</p><p>网站：<a href="https://www.foundapp.com/" target="_blank" rel="external">https://www.foundapp.com/</a></p><p>介绍：FoundApp：文件搜索引擎是一个为Mac用户提供搜索散布在网络或者本地的文件，而其最吸引人的地方就在于能简单快速的找到你要的文件，让你更简单快速找到散布在网络上的文件。</p></li><li><p>Skyscanner：天巡旅游搜索网</p><p>网站：<a href="http://www.skyscanner.com/" target="_blank" rel="external">http://www.skyscanner.com/</a></p><p>介绍：Skyscanner：天巡旅游搜索网是一个提供在线旅游搜索并找到最优惠价格的服务站点，成立于2001年;提供超过25种不同的语言，被媒体誉为整个欧洲最好旅游搜索网站之一。</p></li><li><p>WanderFly：旅游发现分享搜索社区</p><p>网站：<a href="http://www.wanderfly.com/" target="_blank" rel="external">http://www.wanderfly.com/</a></p><p>介绍：WanderFly：旅游发现分享搜索社区是一个国外旅游类搜索引擎站点，他将旅游和分享旅游胜地为基础的搜索改成成社区，给用户更好的旅游体验。</p></li><li><p>AppCod：App Store预测关键词搜索工具</p><p>网站：<a href="http://www.appcod.es/" target="_blank" rel="external">http://www.appcod.es/</a></p><p>介绍：AppCod：App Store预测关键词搜索工具是一款针对移动应用在应用优化排名、关键词搜索上巨大帮助的平台工具，为开发者提供最佳搜索关键词。</p></li><li><p>Neekanee：职位搜索引擎</p><p>网站：<a href="http://www.neekanee.com/" target="_blank" rel="external">http://www.neekanee.com/</a></p><p>介绍：Neekanee：职位搜索引擎是一个面向招聘者的职位搜索引擎，用户通过该网站即可搜索到某公司的工作职位，从海量的招聘信息中筛选出符合要求的招聘信息。</p></li><li><p>RateYourMusic：乐队资料搜索引擎</p><p>网站：<a href="http://rateyourmusic.com/" target="_blank" rel="external">http://rateyourmusic.com/</a></p><p>介绍：RateYourMusic：乐队资料搜索引擎是集合了美国、英国乐队资料的搜索引擎站点，用户注册后可自行对自己喜欢的专辑、歌曲进行排名，然后生成一个年度榜单。</p></li><li><p>Yummly：全方位食谱搜索引擎</p><p>网站：<a href="http://www.yummly.com/" target="_blank" rel="external">http://www.yummly.com/</a></p><p>介绍：Yummly：全方位食谱搜索引擎是一个可以搜索上百万份食谱的搜索引擎 站点，在食品搜索方面，Yummly确实要比Google强很多很多，这也是专业搜索引擎的优势。</p></li><li><p>Bookworm-Arxiv：科学期刊数据库搜索引擎</p><p>网站：<a href="http://arxiv.culturomics.org/" target="_blank" rel="external">http://arxiv.culturomics.org/</a></p><p>介绍：Bookworm-Arxiv：科学期刊数据库搜索引擎是由普林斯顿博士开发的可搜索的科学期刊数据库搜索引擎站点，并且可以免费查阅学术文献。</p></li><li><p>Wolframalpha：计算搜索引擎</p><p>网站：<a href="http://www.wolframalpha.com/" target="_blank" rel="external">http://www.wolframalpha.com/</a></p><p>介绍：Wolframalpha：计算搜索引擎是一个开发计算数学应用软件的沃尔夫勒姆研究公司开发出的新一代的搜索引擎，能根据问题直接给出答案的搜索引擎站点。</p></li><li><p>BiomedSearch：免费专利信息搜索引擎</p><p>网站：<a href="http://www.biomedsearch.com/" target="_blank" rel="external">http://www.biomedsearch.com/</a></p><p>介绍：BiomedSearch：免费专利信息搜索引擎是一个可以搜索专利信息的站点，、快速、易用，可以通过关键词进行高级搜索。</p></li><li><p>CampusExplorer：学校搜索引擎</p><p>网站：<a href="http://www.campusexplorer.com/" target="_blank" rel="external">http://www.campusexplorer.com/</a></p><p>介绍：CampusExplorer：学校搜索引擎是一个面对学生、家长的校园搜索引擎，提供查过8000所学校的搜索资料，是查找国外留学的必备站点。</p></li><li><p>Smarter：在线比较购物搜索引擎</p><p>网站：<a href="http://www.smarter.com/" target="_blank" rel="external">http://www.smarter.com/</a></p><p>介绍：Smarter：在线比较购物搜索引擎是美国一个先进的在线购物搜索引擎站点，帮助消费者在购物时做出聪明的选择，帮你在百万商品中进行搜索查找并比较。</p></li><li><p>Oolone：可视化视觉搜索引擎</p><p>网站：<a href="http://oolone.com/" target="_blank" rel="external">http://oolone.com/</a></p><p>介绍：Oolone：可视化视觉搜索引擎是由一位英国神经科学家创建的，其特色是可以利用人类天生的图像处理能力进行搜索。</p></li><li><p>TimeSearch：历史事件搜索引擎</p><p>网站：<a href="http://www.timesearch.info/" target="_blank" rel="external">http://www.timesearch.info/</a></p><p>介绍：TimeSearch：历史事件搜索引擎是一个快速搜索和查找历史事件的信息搜索引擎工具，能够帮助你了解历史，研究历史，可根据时间、关键词轴检索。</p></li><li><p>AlbuMart：音乐封面搜索引擎</p><p>网站：<a href="http://www.albumart.org/" target="_blank" rel="external">http://www.albumart.org/</a></p><p>介绍：AlbuMart：音乐封面搜索引擎是可以搜索国外音乐专辑封面网站，提供歌曲的封面查看、下载。拥有庞大、完整的图库，更新迅速，质量完美，口碑极佳。</p></li><li><p>Colorapi：基于色彩搜索引擎</p><p>网站：<a href="http://www.colorapi.com/" target="_blank" rel="external">http://www.colorapi.com/</a></p><p>介绍：Colorapi：基于色彩搜索引擎让人们从Flickr查找和使用美丽的色彩变得更简单，采用了非常主观的寻找方法。只需输入一个和你的作品主题相关的关键词(支 持中文)，右方还可以设置、选择将照片中的颜色分析出6～12种色彩表以及Flikcr相片的搜索排序模式。</p></li><li><p>Quixey：手机APP软件搜索引擎</p><p>网站：<a href="http://www.quixey.com/" target="_blank" rel="external">http://www.quixey.com/</a></p><p>介绍：Quixey：手机APP软件搜索引擎是一个专门搜索手机软件的搜索引擎，不仅支持安卓、苹果、iPad、iPhone等，还显示每款软件的功能说明。</p></li><li><p>EasyIcon：免费图标搜索下载网</p><p>网站：<a href="http://www.easyicon.cn/" target="_blank" rel="external">http://www.easyicon.cn/</a></p><p>介绍：EasyIcon：免费图标搜索下载网是一个免费搜索图标的搜索引擎站点，国内非常不错的搜索图标的站点之一，收录了超过40万个精美PNG、ICO、YCNS图标，内容非常丰富，提供中文、英文、繁体中文语言界面。</p></li><li><p>Walkscore：附近搜索服务网</p><p>网站：<a href="http://www.walkscore.com/" target="_blank" rel="external">http://www.walkscore.com/</a></p><p>介绍：当你搬进一家新房子或住进一个宾馆时，是否想知道附近哪些餐馆、理发店、公交工具呢?现在，有一个贴心的软件叫WalkScore ，让能告诉你附近各种基础设施的情况，这样就不用再费力地查找或询问别人了。</p></li><li><p>Slightlyblue：颜色搜索flickr图片引擎</p><p>网站：<a href="http://color.slightlyblue.com/" target="_blank" rel="external">http://color.slightlyblue.com/</a></p><p>介绍：你一定用过flickr吧，是不是觉得很好用，想要怎样的图片都能搜到。这个和flickr类似的网站也是用来搜索图片用的，不过它的关键词是“颜色”，你选好颜色，它就会给你搜索出你需要那颜色的相关图片，是不是听上去挺牛的。</p></li><li><p>Scitopia：学术搜索引擎</p><p>网站：<a href="http://www.scitopia.org/" target="_blank" rel="external">http://www.scitopia.org/</a></p><p>介绍：Scitopia是一个完全免费的科技文献、政府信息的搜索引擎，内容涉及工程、物理、数学、计算机等学科;另外它与21个专业学会合作，为使用者提供高品质可信赖的最新的研究成果。</p></li><li><p>FilesHut：基于文档的搜索引擎</p><p>网站：<a href="http://www.fileshut.com/" target="_blank" rel="external">http://www.fileshut.com/</a></p><p>介绍：FilesHut是一个文档搜索引擎，旨在发现各种流行网站的上传文件。FilesHut号称可以同时搜寻超过50个分享网站的上传文档。如：Rapidshare, Megaupload, 4Shared, Hotfile, Mediafire, Netload, Filesonic，Wupload等。</p></li><li><p>Recipe-Finder：美食秘方搜索</p><p>网站：<a href="http://recipe-finder.com/" target="_blank" rel="external">http://recipe-finder.com/</a></p><p>介绍：Recipe-Finder搜索引擎查找方便，只要你输入美食关键字即可搜索到你想要找的美食配方，比如搜索原料，可以显示配方也可以搜索图片，搜索完成后，右侧会有很多的类似标签。</p></li><li><p>SitesLikeit：类似网站搜索引擎</p><p>网站：<a href="http://www.siteslikeit.com/" target="_blank" rel="external">http://www.siteslikeit.com/</a></p><p>介绍：SitesLikeit：类似网站搜索引擎网站使用简单，只需要你输入一个网址即可查找到同类型的站点，同时支持中文，你可以选择哪个国家的同类站点，支持英国、中国、德国、日本、西班牙网站。</p></li><li><p>Udealium：购物省钱搜索引擎</p><p>网站：<a href="http://www.udealium.com/" target="_blank" rel="external">http://www.udealium.com/</a></p><p>介绍：Udealium：购物省钱搜索引擎是一个集合多个网上商城商品的搜索引擎站点，通过关键词搜索互联网上多家同类产品，让你买到质量最优、价格最低的产品。</p></li><li><p>Torrentz：BT资源搜索引擎</p><p>网站：<a href="http://torrentz.eu/" target="_blank" rel="external">http://torrentz.eu/</a></p><p>介绍：Torrentz：BT资源搜索引擎全世界最强大的bt种子搜索引擎之一 Torrentz虽曾经无法匹敌海盗湾，但作为老牌的bt搜索引擎，还是十分强大的，在全球排在前十。特别是对于现在的中国用户，Torrentz能正常访问，速度还很好，也是很不错了。</p></li><li><p>Fresheye：日本综合搜索引擎</p><p>网站：<a href="http://www.fresheye.com/" target="_blank" rel="external">http://www.fresheye.com/</a></p><p>介绍：Fresheye是日本一个综合搜索引擎，由日本东芝集团开发，fresheye针对国内综合搜索，提供新闻、音乐、图片、视频等内容的搜索。</p></li><li><p>CaniStream：电影搜索引擎</p><p>网站：<a href="http://www.canistream.it/" target="_blank" rel="external">http://www.canistream.it/</a></p><p>介绍：CanIStream.it就是一个全新的电影搜索引擎。CanIStream.it允许您搜索Netflix、Hulu、Amazon和iTunes 上的电影，并提供相应的网站的链接，从而方便用户下载、租用和购买。</p></li><li><p>IconLet：icon素材搜索引擎</p><p>网站：<a href="http://www.iconlet.com/" target="_blank" rel="external">http://www.iconlet.com/</a></p><p>介绍：Iconlet是一个Icon素材搜索站点，其搜索功能很强大，可以设置图片大小、格式、版权搜索。它确实很简单，但有几个很不错的功能，比如为每一个图标设置相关设计作者，图像分辨率，图像格式和许可证类型。你只需要输入一个相关的关键词，就能找到各中格式大小你所需要的图标。</p></li><li><p>Iconwanted：图标搜索引擎</p><p>网站：<a href="http://iconwanted.com/" target="_blank" rel="external">http://iconwanted.com/</a></p><p>介绍：Icon Wanted是一个简单方便的icon专属搜索平台，无需注册登录，用户在搜索框中直接输入LOGO名称即可搜索到海量的icon图标。如果一时想不起要搜索什么图标，搜索框下方的“最新搜索icons”以及“随机显示图标”，也许会给你带来搜索灵感。</p></li><li><p>Incogna：相似图片搜索引擎</p><p>网站：<a href="http://www.incogna.com/" target="_blank" rel="external">http://www.incogna.com/</a></p><p>介绍：Incogna：相似图片搜索引擎是一个图片搜索站点，搜索速度非常快，主要是基于色彩和形状上的相似性。</p></li><li><p>Blippr：多媒体搜索引擎</p><p>网站：<a href="http://www.blippr.com/" target="_blank" rel="external">http://www.blippr.com/</a></p><p>介绍：Blippr一个全新上线的搜索多媒体搜索引擎，目前处于邀请测试阶段。据说是由一对夫妇创建。网站中加入了很多的社会化功能，宣称要改变传统的搜索方式，他们主要提供音乐、电影、音乐、游戏、书籍等多媒体的搜索发现、推荐分享和组织你喜欢的多媒体内容。</p></li></ol>]]></content>
    
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  <entry>
    <title>Ali Tutorial</title>
    <link href="http://blog.inesoi.com/alibaba-tutorial.html"/>
    <id>http://blog.inesoi.com/alibaba-tutorial.html</id>
    <published>2015-06-30T16:00:00.000Z</published>
    <updated>2018-08-19T10:09:33.796Z</updated>
    
    <content type="html"><![CDATA[<h2 id="Alibaba平台操作入门"><a href="#Alibaba平台操作入门" class="headerlink" title="Alibaba平台操作入门"></a>Alibaba平台操作入门</h2><ul><li><a href="http://service.alibaba.com/zq/xinshoubibei.php" target="_blank" rel="external">新手指南</a></li><li><a href="http://waimaoquan.alibaba.com/px/detail/video.htm?courseId=1850" target="_blank" rel="external">平台操作流程</a></li></ul><h3 id="外贸流程"><a href="#外贸流程" class="headerlink" title="外贸流程"></a>外贸流程</h3><ul><li><a href="http://waimaoquan.alibaba.com/px/detail/video.htm?spm=5386.7378113.0.0.zMl4Ct&amp;courseId=704&amp;tracelog=mashang_atmpx" target="_blank" rel="external">《外贸流程与操作上》_视频课程-阿里巴巴培训之家</a></li></ul><h2 id="产品发布"><a href="#产品发布" class="headerlink" title="产品发布"></a>产品发布</h2><p>See:</p><ul><li><a href="http://waimaoquan.alibaba.com/px/detail/video.htm?courseId=2428" target="_blank" rel="external">快速高效发布产品</a></li></ul><ol><li>相关操作请参考 <a href="http://waimaoquan.alibaba.com/archive/cgs/zt/adpostarea-20110126.html#001" target="_blank" rel="external">让你的产品活起来</a></li><li>相关规则与规范请根据平台的变更及时更新</li><li>阿里巴巴多语言网址：arabic(japanese, spanish, portuguese, german, french, russian, korean, turkish, vietnamese, thai).alibaba.com</li><li>自己公司的阿里巴巴多语言网址：在以上网址后加上gs-suppliers_(自己公司的ID)，如：arabic.alibaba.com/gs-suppliers_bagtalk</li></ol><h3 id="类目选择"><a href="#类目选择" class="headerlink" title="类目选择"></a>类目选择</h3><p>作用：用于产品在阿里巴巴系统中的归类。 </p><ol><li>产品出现在越多关联的类目里，被曝光的机会越高，但应避免将产品放到无关联的类目下。   如：把toothbrush放到Luggage, Bags &amp; Cases下面。 </li><li>类目放错会降低产品信息的相关性，从而影响搜索结果。 </li><li>避免把产品放在Others下面。</li></ol><p>####　牙刷</p><ul><li>Beauty &amp; Personal Care&gt;&gt;Oral Hygiene&gt;&gt;Toothbrush</li><li>Service Equipment&gt;&gt;Restaurant &amp; Hotel Supplies&gt;&gt;Hotel Amenities</li><li>Beauty &amp; Personal Care&gt;&gt;Oral Hygiene&gt;&gt;Toothbrush Sanitizer</li></ul><h4 id="箱包"><a href="#箱包" class="headerlink" title="箱包"></a>箱包</h4><ul><li>Luggage, Bags &amp; Cases&gt;&gt;Handbags &amp; Messenger Bags&gt;&gt;Handbags</li><li>Luggage, Bags &amp; Cases&gt;&gt;Handbags &amp; Messenger Bags&gt;&gt;Evening Bags</li><li>Luggage, Bags &amp; Cases&gt;&gt;Handbags &amp; Messenger Bags&gt;&gt;Messenger Bags</li><li>Luggage, Bags &amp; Cases&gt;&gt;Luggage &amp; Travel Bags&gt;&gt;Travel Bags</li><li>Luggage, Bags &amp; Cases&gt;&gt;Digital Gear &amp; Camera Bags&gt;&gt;Mobile Phone Bags &amp; Cases</li><li>Luggage, Bags &amp; Cases&gt;&gt;Special Purpose Bags &amp; Cases&gt;&gt;Cosmetic Bags &amp; Cases</li><li>Luggage, Bags &amp; Cases&gt;&gt;Sports &amp; Leisure Bags&gt;&gt;Backpacks</li><li>Luggage, Bags &amp; Cases&gt;&gt;Business Bags &amp; Cases&gt;&gt;Laptop Bags</li><li>Luggage, Bags &amp; Cases&gt;&gt;Special Purpose Bags &amp; Cases&gt;&gt;School Bags</li></ul><h3 id="产品名称"><a href="#产品名称" class="headerlink" title="产品名称"></a>产品名称</h3><p>作用：产品名称是搜索引擎的第一匹配要素，用于买家准确定位我们的产品。</p><ol><li><p>产品名称必须多而精(精细、精准)，多可以增加产品的覆盖面，增加曝光机会。精可以帮助买家快速浏览，甄别和定位我们的产品。 如：2012 Fashion PU Handbag, 切忌：Handbag</p></li><li><p>产品名称切忌多个名称罗列和堆砌，产品名称的罗列和堆砌不但不会提升您产品的曝光可能，反而会降低您的产品与买家搜索词匹配的精度，从而影响搜索结果以及买家对您的专业度的认可。 如：PU Bag/Fashion Handbag/Shoulder Bag</p></li><li><p>产品名称要尽量与买家的搜索词(或关键词)相匹配 (您的产品希望在什么搜索词下曝光，则在产品名称中有体现该词)</p></li><li><p>产品名称除了体现与买家搜索词相匹配的词外，还应添加一些买家最关注的特征描述词，显示产品的个性化，减少产品同质化。 如：Duppon Bristel Travel Toothbrush，或2013 Hot Selling In USA PU Fashion Bag5.产品名称禁用一些诸如&amp;, /, -等特殊符号，因为机器会识别错误；可以使用英文标准语法中的介词，如with, for等连接各种特征。6.每个单词首字母大写，品名以主关键词结尾。</p></li></ol><h3 id="产品关键词"><a href="#产品关键词" class="headerlink" title="产品关键词"></a>产品关键词</h3><p>定义：产品关键词即为产品名称的中心词。</p><p>作用：产品关键词是对产品名称的校正(关键词和产品名称同样重要，须认真填写)，便于机器快速识别准确抓取匹配。</p><p>关键词(或产品名称的中心词)的来源： </p><ol><li>在”数据管家&gt;热门搜索词&gt;预订热门词”内输入本行业内相关主要关键词进行搜索，在搜索结果中选出和本行业匹配的关键词，并根据搜索热度从高到低进行排列； </li><li>通过搜索引擎搜集关键词； </li><li>在买家日常询盘中提取关键词； </li><li>从同行的成功案例或者供应信息里提取关键词。</li></ol><p>设置关键词的方法：</p><ol><li>产品关键词必填，可填大方面的词或行业词，必须与产品精确匹配，如：handbag；</li><li>关键词不能与产品名称有冲突，如：产品名称为Bag，而关键词为：Bag Parts</li><li>主关键词必须出现的位置：产品名称、简要描述第一行、详细描述第一行，但不能完全重复。</li><li>遵循热搜词为先、热搜词搭配冷搜词原则，但优化后长时间排名不靠前的关键词可考虑放弃</li><li>禁止关键词重复罗列，如：toothbrush toothbrush6.关键词设置必须以客户搜索习惯为导向，符合各个市场实际需求</li></ol><p>更多关键词：</p><p>作用：这两个关键词(副关键词)是供产品有多种叫法的时候使用，也必须和产品关联。</p><ol><li>填写和行业相关而且热门的词，可让系统自动推荐，并逐个依次选择</li><li>次关键词可多个出现在详细描述中(增加被搜索机率)</li></ol><h3 id="产品简要描述及优势"><a href="#产品简要描述及优势" class="headerlink" title="产品简要描述及优势"></a>产品简要描述及优势</h3><p>作用：出现在搜索结果页面, 相当于您产品的广告语，用来展现您与其他供应商的不同特点与优势。注意：关键词禁止堆砌在简要描述中，条理要分明，填写产品的卖点、公司的优势等吸引客人的信息。</p><ul><li>第一行：主关键词(方便排名)</li><li>第二行：填写产品的特色，必须出现“产品关键词”(方便排名)</li><li>第三行：填写产品的特色，必须出现“产品关键词”(方便排名)</li><li>第四行：填写产品的特色，必须出现“产品关键词”(方便排名)</li><li>第五行：填写产品通过的证书和认证(迎合客户的品味)</li></ul><p>###　产品图片</p><p>作用：使用图片直观展示您的产品，让买家在浏览产品时获得更多的产品细节特征。</p><ol><li>产品图片必须清晰，背景干净；</li><li>图片中产品主体要突出(充满整张图片)；</li><li>图片中的产品必须与实际产品一致；</li><li>图片大小：600px×600px，小于3MB5.图片格式：jpeg, jpg, gif, or png</li></ol><h3 id="产品属性"><a href="#产品属性" class="headerlink" title="产品属性"></a>产品属性</h3><p>作用：产品属性是对产品特征及参数的标准化提炼，便于买家在属性筛选时快速找到您的产品。</p><ol><li>属性不填会影响产品信息的完整度，从而影响搜索结果以及后续的点击、转化等；</li><li>属性不填全，买家通过属性筛选时则无法找到您的产品，一个属性等于一次展示机会。</li><li>属性中是否出现关键词并不影响曝光，无意义的在属性中罗列关键词会降低您产品的专业度。</li><li>自定义属性是在系统属性不能满足您的需求的情况下，供您自行设定产品特征而用的，其填的多少并不影响搜索结果。</li><li>填写要求：填全系统给出属性，不足的时候可以使用自定义属性根据自己的需要添加，注意不要与系统给出属性重复。</li></ol><ul><li>Material </li><li>Gender</li><li>Style</li><li>Place of Origin</li><li>Brand Name</li><li>Model Number</li></ul><p>###　交易信息</p><p>作用：交易条件和供货能力(产品价格、最小起订量等)，是买家对卖家能力评价的重要参考。必须填全系统给出的交易条件。交易字段缺失，影响买家线上对公司实力的评估。</p><ul><li>Minimum Order Quantity</li><li>FOB Price</li><li>Payment Terms 全选所有付款方式：L/C,D/A,D/P,T/T,Western Union,MoneyGram,Other</li><li>Supply Ability </li><li>Delivery Time </li><li>Packaging Details 明确单个包装、中包装、外包装方式，如：OPP Bag/PC, 12PCS/Inner Box, 48PCS/Master Box</li></ul><p>###　产品详情</p><p>作用：详细描述是用来对您的产品进行多维度介绍的，是全面展示您的专业度的重要途径。</p><ol><li>详细描述的字数多少和长短不影响搜索结果：描述的好坏在于信息是否丰富，是否从不同纬度体现了产品的行业特性，是否为买家所关注等。</li><li>产品表述写得详实具体，可将买家比较关注的产品的细节特征、参数、质量标准、服务、现货/库存情况等展示出来。</li><li>必须结构化或表格化表达。使用表格时，用表格对各参数进行分隔，而不是将大段文字简单罗列在表格中。</li><li>不要用图片代替文字描述：因为机器是无法阅读图片。</li><li>可在产品详情里插入产品细节图、热销产品、产品认证证书等相关图片或产品信息。</li></ol><h3 id="产品分组"><a href="#产品分组" class="headerlink" title="产品分组"></a>产品分组</h3><p>作用：在公司企业网站中分类管理产品，便于买家浏览产品时快速筛选查找。</p><ol><li>按照行业习惯，单一纬度，层次清晰。可以按用途、适用人群、材质等纬度进行分组</li><li>不同分组标准的产品不得放在同一组中，否则会给买家留下产品凌乱、不专业的印象。</li><li>不得将大量产品放入未分组产品中。4.严禁组名与分组下产品不符。</li></ol><h2 id="高质量关键词表"><a href="#高质量关键词表" class="headerlink" title="高质量关键词表"></a>高质量关键词表</h2><ul><li><a href="http://waimaoquan.alibaba.com/px/detail/video.htm?courseId=2344" target="_blank" rel="external">阿里巴巴与十四大道&mdash;&mdash;妈妈-阿里巴巴培训之家</a></li><li><a href="http://waimaoquan.alibaba.com/px/detail/video.htm?courseId=2345" target="_blank" rel="external">http://waimaoquan.alibaba.com/px/detail/video.htm?courseId=2345</a></li><li><a href="http://waimaoquan.alibaba.com/px/detail/video.htm?courseId=2670" target="_blank" rel="external">如何最少产品覆盖最多关键词</a></li></ul><p>产品名称和产片关键字常用的组合方式：</p><ol><li><p>产品名称 = 修饰语 + ABK</p><p> K1 = K；K2 = BK；K3 = ABK</p><p> 如： [Factory Price Mature Fuji] [Fresh] [Red] Apple</p><p> K1 = apple; K2 = red apple; K3 = fresh red apple</p></li><li><p>产品名称 = 修饰语 + AKB</p><p> K1 = K; K2 = AK; K3 = KB</p></li><li><p>产品名称 = 修饰语 + AKB, K2</p><p> K1 = AK, K2 = KB, K3 = K2</p><p> [Factory Price Mature Fujian] [red apple fresh], [red star apple]</p><p> K1 = red apple, K2 = apple fresh, K3 = red start apple</p></li><li><p>产品名称 = 修饰语 + AKB, CKD</p><p> K1 = AK, K2 = KB, K3 = CK(或 KD)</p><p> [Factory Price] Red Apple Fresh, Fuji Apple Mature</p><p> K1 = Red Apple,  K2 = Apple Fresh, K3 = Fuji Apple</p></li><li><p>产品名称 = 修饰 + K1, K2, K3</p><p> K1 = K1, K2 = K2, K3 = K3</p><p> [Factory Price] golden delicious apple, red chief apple, fresh apple fruit for sals</p><p> K1 = golden delicious apple, K2 = red chief apple, fresh apple gruit for sale</p></li></ol><p>###　阿里站内搜索</p><ul><li>数据管家/热门搜索词</li><li>数据管家/我的词</li><li>数据管家/我的产品/词来源</li><li>P4P 词。外贸直通车/行业关联词</li><li>蓝海词。发布产品时出现的蓝海词推荐，不是热门搜索词，但是一旦曝光，转化率较高。</li><li>数据管家/行业视角/淘词</li><li>首页关联词<ul><li>主页搜索框中根据输入推荐的关键词。</li><li>搜索结果页面的 “Related Searches”</li></ul></li><li>同行词/源代码 在同行的产品页面，查看其源代码，查看 keywords 的内容。</li><li>外贸邮/买家最近搜索</li><li>数据管家/访客详情/常用搜索词</li><li>数据管家/RFQ 商机</li></ul><p>###　阿里站外搜索</p><ul><li><a href="https://adwords.google.com" target="_blank" rel="external">Google AdWords</a></li><li><a href="https://translate.google.com/globalmarketfinder/g/index.html" target="_blank" rel="external">谷歌全球商机洞察</a></li><li>国外各大搜索引擎及关键词工具<ul><li><a href="http://www.wordtracker.com/" target="_blank" rel="external">Keyword Research Tools from Wordtracker</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="http://keywordtool.io/" target="_blank" rel="external">http://keywordtool.io/</a></li></ul><h2 id="产品模版"><a href="#产品模版" class="headerlink" title="产品模版"></a>产品模版</h2><p><a href="http://waimaoquan.alibaba.com/px/detail/video.htm?courseId=2311" target="_blank" rel="external">打造优质产品模板</a></p><p>产品部分：Product Detail</p><ul><li>产品图片 Pictures of Product</li><li>产品构造示意图 </li><li>产品描述 Descriptions of Product</li><li>产品认证 Certifications of Product</li><li>产品相关应用领域 Applications of Product</li><li>产品包装 Packing of Product/Packing Procss</li><li>样品间 Sample Rooms of Product</li><li>生产流程线 Production Line of Product</li><li>产品质量控制</li><li>生产设备</li></ul><p>营销板块：</p><ul><li>More Products to Choose（Hot Sale）</li><li>Great Advantage 放大产品细节</li></ul><p>公司部分：Our Company</p><ul><li>公司介绍 Introduction of Company</li><li>公司外观图 Our Company View</li><li>公司团队 Our Team</li><li>展会 Our Exhibitions</li><li>合作客户或品牌 Our Customers</li><li>市场分布</li></ul><p>工厂部分：</p><ul><li>工厂景观 </li><li>工厂车间图 Workshop of Our Company</li></ul><p>联系方式 Welcome to Contact us</p><p>See </p><ul><li><a href="http://beisit.en.alibaba.com/productlist.html" target="_blank" rel="external">http://beisit.en.alibaba.com/productlist.html</a></li><li><a href="http://slate.en.alibaba.com/product/60041506493-800377197/Wholesale_Natural_Slate_Small_Sized_Round_Shaped_Rough_Edge_Black_Slate_Coaster.html" target="_blank" rel="external">http://slate.en.alibaba.com/product/60041506493-800377197/Wholesale_Natural_Slate_Small_Sized_Round_Shaped_Rough_Edge_Black_Slate_Coaster.html</a></li></ul>]]></content>
    
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      <category term="Platform" scheme="http://blog.inesoi.com/categories/Platform/"/>
    
    
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  <entry>
    <title>Facebook 营销</title>
    <link href="http://blog.inesoi.com/sns-facebook.html"/>
    <id>http://blog.inesoi.com/sns-facebook.html</id>
    <published>2015-06-29T16:00:00.000Z</published>
    <updated>2018-08-19T10:09:33.795Z</updated>
    
    <content type="html"><![CDATA[<h2 id="Facebook-特点"><a href="#Facebook-特点" class="headerlink" title="Facebook 特点"></a>Facebook 特点</h2><ol><li>轻内容。</li><li>视觉效果。</li><li>人的时代。</li></ol><p>与 Google SEO 的区别：</p><ol><li>轻内容推广。</li><li>价格低。点击的价格比较低。</li><li>时间段。 Google 的 Sandbox 需要 6 个月的时间，做到一定的流量可能需要半年时间。</li></ol><p>Facebook 平台的特点：</p><ol><li>年轻化。</li><li>移动化。</li><li>图片化。</li><li>瞬时化。瞬间可以产生决定，不需要大量比较。</li></ol><p>适合做 Facebook 的条件：</p><ol><li>产品有优势。</li><li>时间段在 40 岁以下。</li><li>要有大量的时间和粉丝互动。</li><li>女装行业、家居等比较年轻化、大众化的产品。</li></ol><p>facebook 显示好友动态的顺序并非按时间循序，而是通过 Affinity Rank 算法排序。要尽量让好友区 Like 我们我们的动态，提高和好友的互动，进而提高自己的动态再好友页面的排名。</p><h2 id="Facebook-Page"><a href="#Facebook-Page" class="headerlink" title="Facebook Page"></a>Facebook Page</h2><p>Facebook 发表的内容一般有两种：</p><ol><li>图片 + 文字</li><li>链接</li></ol><p>在发布链接时，Facebook 会在链接上抓取主图、标题和内容，为了让 FB 能正确抓取，可以使用 FB 提供的元数据来定义这些内容，可以参考兰亭的产品详情页定义。FB 的元数据定义以 <code>og:</code> 和 <code>fb:</code> 开头。</p><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">&lt;meta property=&quot;og:title&quot; content=&quot;[USB $ 26.99] Capless Extra Long Straight Red ...&quot;&gt;</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line">...</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p>再链接中读取的图片都会经过 FB 处理，以 1.91:1 的比例呈现。</p><p>可以使用 FB 的 debugger tool 测试产品页是否正常，<facebook.com tools="" debug="">。</facebook.com></p><p>外贸界可以安装 Coupons, Instagram, Printest, Twitter, Sweepstakes(抽奖)。</p><p>由于每个国家的口味不同，可以针对每个国家整一个 Page。</p><p>外贸比较完善的 FB Page：</p><ul><li>Romwe Lookbook Fashion Collection</li><li>LightInTheBox</li><li>wd.cm</li><li>Vancaro</li><li>Zzkko.com</li></ul><h2 id="Post"><a href="#Post" class="headerlink" title="Post"></a>Post</h2><p>一般选择当地上班时间 8-10 am 点或者下班时间 4-6 pm 来发帖，效果会比较好。</p><p>从发帖类型、时间、频率、次数来测试所在行业的数据。</p><h2 id="Advertisement"><a href="#Advertisement" class="headerlink" title="Advertisement"></a>Advertisement</h2><p>Google AdWords 和 Facebook 的区别：</p><p>x       | Google AdWords | Facebook<br>竞价方式 | CPC | CPM<br>触发方式     | 搜索 | 兴趣<br>广告方式 | 文字 | 图片<br>价格 | 1 美金，美国，贵，严格 | 0.1， 0.3 - 0.5 美国，便宜<br>管理 | 严格 | 松懈</p><p>CPC：按照点击付费，CPM 按展示收费。</p><h3 id="约法三章"><a href="#约法三章" class="headerlink" title="约法三章"></a>约法三章</h3><ul><li>不能使用广告收集用户的信息。广告页不能是要求用户填写 email 等信息的页面。</li><li>知识产权，放牌。</li><li>年龄、性别的字眼不要出现。</li></ul><h2 id="Case"><a href="#Case" class="headerlink" title="Case"></a>Case</h2><ul><li><a href="http://www.viralnova.com/" target="_blank" rel="external">http://www.viralnova.com/</a> 使用 Facebook 创造了流量传奇。</li><li><a href="http://zzkko.com/" target="_blank" rel="external">http://zzkko.com/</a> 阿阳的网站。</li><li><a href="http://www.romwe.com/" target="_blank" rel="external">http://www.romwe.com/</a> 南京的李鹏创建的外贸网站。</li></ul><h2 id="Books"><a href="#Books" class="headerlink" title="Books"></a>Books</h2><p>阿阳推荐的几本书：</p><ul><li>made to stick</li><li>引爆点 格拉德威尔</li><li>眨眼 格拉德威尔</li></ul><h2 id="Ref"><a href="#Ref" class="headerlink" title="Ref"></a>Ref</h2><ul><li><lightinbox.com></lightinbox.com></li><li>ASOS</li></ul>]]></content>
    
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        &lt;h2 id=&quot;Facebook-特点&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;#Facebook-特点&quot; class=&quot;headerlink&quot; title=&quot;Facebook 特点&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;Facebook 特点&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ol&gt;
&lt;li&gt;轻内容。&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;视觉效果。&lt;/li&gt;
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    </summary>
    
      <category term="Marketing" scheme="http://blog.inesoi.com/categories/Marketing/"/>
    
    
      <category term="marketing" scheme="http://blog.inesoi.com/tags/marketing/"/>
    
      <category term="facebook" scheme="http://blog.inesoi.com/tags/facebook/"/>
    
      <category term="sns" scheme="http://blog.inesoi.com/tags/sns/"/>
    
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  <entry>
    <title>外贸网站设计</title>
    <link href="http://blog.inesoi.com/site-builde.html"/>
    <id>http://blog.inesoi.com/site-builde.html</id>
    <published>2015-06-26T16:00:00.000Z</published>
    <updated>2018-08-19T10:09:33.795Z</updated>
    
    <content type="html"><![CDATA[<h2 id="网站目标"><a href="#网站目标" class="headerlink" title="网站目标"></a>网站目标</h2><ul><li>B2B Leads(询盘)</li><li>B2C Sell(销售)</li><li>Service Call</li><li>Ebook Download</li></ul><p>搭建网站的步骤：</p><ol><li>Define the Goal 定义目标。</li><li>Value a Goal 实现目标需要的投入以及产出。</li><li>How many need to be success? 做多少个目标才能成功。</li></ol><h2 id="网站结构设计"><a href="#网站结构设计" class="headerlink" title="网站结构设计"></a>网站结构设计</h2><p>传统网站架构模型：</p><p>以首页为入口点，进入首页后可选择不同的产品，进入产品页后再到订单页。</p><p>Home Page &gt; A Product（抽象油画）&gt; SALES</p><pre><code>&gt; B Product（写实油画）&gt; B Product（临摹油画）</code></pre><p>劣势：</p><ul><li>入口点单一（只有HOME PAGE），从首页-&gt;产品页-&gt;SALES(LEADS)。可能造成不同用户流逝，因为从网站无法很快判断产品的适用群体。</li><li>关键词单一。由于大门只有首页，造成关键词单一。可能造成流量减少。</li></ul><p>多登录页产品模型：</p><p>每个产品有多个登录页（多个渠道，不同的客户群），每个登录页只针对一个目标，每个登录页均导航到该产品。</p><ul><li>LandingPage1（酒店，案例图片+文字+竞争优势。关键词：酒店装饰画）,</li><li>LP2（家装，同酒店。关键词：家庭装饰品）,</li><li>LP3（批发，批发用户的需求，物流问题+合作过的客户+团队创作时的照片，关键词：优化批发） </li></ul><blockquote><p>（引流） Product A(产品，抽象油画) &gt; SALES</p></blockquote><p>三类不同的关键词，针对不同的用户群体，可以产生很多长尾关键词。</p><p>优势：</p><ul><li>关键词丰富，并且会产生很多长尾词，提高流量和流量质量。</li><li>区分不同的客户需求，但又引流到同一个产品，提高转化率。</li></ul><h3 id="网站的标题"><a href="#网站的标题" class="headerlink" title="网站的标题"></a>网站的标题</h3><p>标题的作用：给用户继续看下去的理由。</p><p>案例1：</p><ol><li>XEZ LED Company 吸引不了客户的兴趣。&gt;</li><li>Buy our LED, Best Price 产品的特征，不适合放在标题。【Feature】&gt;</li><li>How our LED make your life better off. 好处 【Benefit】</li></ol><p>案例2：</p><ol><li>Our bed passed ISO 9000 &amp; make of quality wood. 产品特征 &gt;</li><li>You can Sleep Well. 好处。</li></ol><p>案例3：</p><ol><li>We do website that simply works. 【Features】&gt;</li><li>Website you love and your customers loves. 【Benefits】</li></ol><p>查看同行标题的写法，加入自己的想法，进行测试。</p><h3 id="导航"><a href="#导航" class="headerlink" title="导航"></a>导航</h3><h3 id="如何抓住用户的attention"><a href="#如何抓住用户的attention" class="headerlink" title="如何抓住用户的attention"></a>如何抓住用户的attention</h3><p>为了吸引用户的注意力：</p><ol><li>Am I in the right place? 针对 5 各阶段的人群（No Problem，Problem, Solution Exist, Your Solution, Benefits）写好单独的内容和文案。这样，LP 的数量 ＝  5*产品使用的领域数。</li><li>Simplify the design and Content. 把没用的内容的删除和设计，只留下有用的东西。</li></ol><p>How to grab the Attention:</p><p>需要恰当设置一下特性</p><ol><li>Font Size 字体大小。</li><li>Contrast 对比色。</li><li>Bold 加粗。</li><li>Color 色系。</li><li>Position 位置。不同的内容块放在恰当的地方。</li><li>Space 留白。</li><li>Font 字体，banner 图片、Headline 使用特殊字体。</li><li>image 图片。</li></ol><h3 id="如何让你的用户engage"><a href="#如何让你的用户engage" class="headerlink" title="如何让你的用户engage"></a>如何让你的用户engage</h3><p>为了让用户参与进去，可以从以下方面着手</p><h4 id="解决用户的疑虑"><a href="#解决用户的疑虑" class="headerlink" title="解决用户的疑虑"></a>解决用户的疑虑</h4><p>用户常见的大担忧：</p><p>a. What if i by it and it does not fit?<br>b. What if it’s cheaper elsewhere?</p><p>再页面中对常见的问题（FAQ/QA）进行总结，甚至可以再首页对特别常见的问题进行解答。</p><p>解决用户疑虑常用的方法：</p><ol><li>365 days Return policy. 但条件是 Original Condition，和原产品一样，没有磨损之类的。这样，销售额会增加，但 refund 数会相应的增加。</li><li>Free Shipping both ways 双向免邮。</li></ol><h4 id="产生兴趣"><a href="#产生兴趣" class="headerlink" title="产生兴趣"></a>产生兴趣</h4><p>人的性格可以分别四种（DISC）：</p><ul><li>D：性格直接，看中结果，比较严肃。在文案顶部直接告诉结果。</li><li>I： 性格外向，比较感性，偏乐观。谈感情、环境，喜欢电话沟通，如那些大客户用过等？</li><li>S：性格温顺，稳定，做事有调理。电话沟通，比较难拿下，可能是个持久战，一旦拿下，合作会比较长久。</li><li>C:  性格内向，理性，在乎细节，偏悲观。需要对比性的数据。</li></ul><p>不同的性格的人看中的东西不一样，所以文案要同时兼顾四种人群。</p><h4 id="建立信任"><a href="#建立信任" class="headerlink" title="建立信任"></a>建立信任</h4><ol><li>给客户服务的时间预期。如：24/7 Customer Services，Email reply in 3 hrs-6hrs</li><li>Safe Shopping Guarantees。安全交易保证，第三方权威的支付认证机构，保证支付信息不被盗取。</li><li>A Testimonial from customers. 或者 Story Line 。案例，B2B 或 B2C 都适用。如用户的照片，以及评价，不要要有好的，也要有中性的，但没有必要方差评。可以以图片、视频形式给出。为此，可以给客户一些刺激性的奖励。也可以使用 Story Line 的形式展示。</li></ol><h3 id="英文网站需要注意的语言"><a href="#英文网站需要注意的语言" class="headerlink" title="英文网站需要注意的语言"></a>英文网站需要注意的语言</h3><p>B2C：</p><p>在支付页面</p><ul><li>注明 We respect your privacy 、支付认证、支付方式</li><li>100% happy or your $ back</li><li>We will refund you differences</li><li>Add to Cart</li></ul><p>B2B:</p><p>导航和标题</p><ol><li>About us -&gt; Meet Our Team</li><li>Testimonials -&gt; What people like you say?(可以在页面中体现)</li><li>Our Services/Products -&gt; 5 reasons why you should use our products. （在页面中以 list 的形式体现）</li><li>Our Vision(我们的愿景): Our Commitment to you</li><li>How we work? a. register b. book c. pay –&gt; 6 ways we will make your client be happy.</li><li>Why us? -&gt; How we will help you?</li></ol><h3 id="Call-to-action"><a href="#Call-to-action" class="headerlink" title="Call to action"></a>Call to action</h3><p>Big vs Small C2A</p><ul><li>Big C2A: Buy Now、Git it today、20% Discount</li><li>Small C2A: Try it free. Read more. </li></ul><p>What is Call to Action? buy now 按钮、询盘按钮等。</p><p>作用：Next Step 指引客户下一步要做的事儿（Call to Action）。每个页面都需要明确告诉用户需要做什么。</p><p>Value the Goal 计算 ROI(Return On investment) 投资回报率</p><p>通过评估不同的 Call to Action，选择价值最高的 C2A:</p><p>10 phone calls = 1 Sale<br>20 email leads = 1 Sale<br>50 Subscriber = 1 Sale</p><p>Goal Options </p><ol><li>Leads</li><li>Form</li><li>Call</li><li>Download Ebook</li><li>News letter</li></ol><p>对于处于 No Problem 和 Problem 阶段的人群可以使用 4-5 这两种方式。</p><p>Tips:</p><ol><li><p>Show Benefit</p><p>如 Skype 的 Download 下： make calls from your computer - free to other people on Skype<br>如询盘按钮：No Obligation quote</p></li><li><p>limit options 同一个页面不能同时有多个 C2A，最多 1-2 个。</p><p>  a. download<br>  b. contact us<br>  c. Fill the form<br>  d. buy</p></li><li><p>Urgent 让用户有紧急购买的感觉</p><p> a. limited time only (多用于 B2C)<br> b. offer expired date<br> c. Order now to receive a free gift</p></li><li><p>Position &amp; Space</p></li><li>BIG 够大，吸引用户的眼球</li></ol><p>C2A 的特点：</p><ol><li>ASK 大胆去问</li><li>Make it easy 简单</li><li>Clear &amp; Strong |click here|(no)  |Download Now|(yes) 清晰明了</li><li>Command 命令式语气</li></ol><h3 id="如何展示企业网络形象"><a href="#如何展示企业网络形象" class="headerlink" title="如何展示企业网络形象"></a>如何展示企业网络形象</h3><p>企业网络形象：</p><ol><li>“You” 为核心。以第二人称 You 为主，一般第二人称：第三人称 ＝ 3:1。第二人称对 I 型性格比较有吸引人。你买了我们的产品能得到什么？</li><li>Be Real 诚心一点。 No bullshit 没有废话，如你的厂房面积有多大。Talk real people, read story.</li><li>Be human. 让人和网站、产品结合起来。Introduce your self, your staff, office, factory, or even your personal story. 工厂要拍出员工的心情和认证的态度。让客户认为是再和人做生意，而非人和网站再做生意。</li><li>Fresh &amp; Value 让网站经常有新的并且有质量的东西。如 Blog -&gt; Update 2-3 times weekly. News -&gt; Updates. 可以将新闻或者 Blog 放在首页的某个地方，可以吸引 Google 爬虫，利于油画 SEO。</li><li>Use Evidence. 用证据说话。如 Award from industry、Detailed data.</li></ol><p>Tips:</p><ol><li>give personal phone number. 客户可能不会拨打，为了增加人情味。</li><li>ignore all words. 将所有文字删除之后，能大致看出网站的主题。</li><li>from 3 things 最吸引眼球的三样东西，一定要是客户最关心的事情。</li><li>Only read heading 只看主标题，能知道页面的主题。</li></ol><h2 id="网站的基础分析"><a href="#网站的基础分析" class="headerlink" title="网站的基础分析"></a>网站的基础分析</h2><p>页面的建立步骤：</p><ol><li>建立目标：新建页面</li><li>分析渠道：通过 GA 分析</li><li>优化：优化页面。</li></ol><p>Google Analysis</p><ol><li><p>Bounce Rate 跳出率。用户进入页面之后，而没有进入网页面的第二个页面的比率。B2B 网站跳出率一般再 40%-50%。相关文章以及 C2A 可以降低跳出率。</p></li><li><p>Page Per Viewer (P/V) 平均每个用户浏览多少各页面。B2B 一般在 3-5，B2C 4-8，论坛 5-20。</p></li><li>Time on Site 网页平均浏览时间，B2B 2-6min。</li><li><p>Exit Page 离开的页面。导致用户经常离开这个页面的原因可能是：</p><p> a. 没有 Next Step<br> b. Lose Confident 对内容无兴趣<br> c. Thank you page. 确认页或者 B2B 询盘页。这个预期之内的。</p></li></ol><h2 id="外贸网站成功的公式"><a href="#外贸网站成功的公式" class="headerlink" title="外贸网站成功的公式"></a>外贸网站成功的公式</h2><p>Lean(敏捷) Startup(起步)：快速上市测试，获取用户反馈，思考问题的原因，立刻修正，而无需等到一切完美。—— 持续集成。轻资产上阵，持续测试市场。</p><p>Just Test What Works，and Modify your website continuously.</p><p>Think out of the Box（创新思维）:</p><p>假如你是做假发的：</p><ol><li>正常渠道。B2C 建站，铺产品。</li><li>明星佩戴。搜索明星佩戴的假发，形成一个明星佩戴系列。写和具体明星相关的软文，这样可以形成一些长尾关键词，其粉丝可能成为你的客户。这个可以作为创业起步的主攻产品。</li><li>潮流、文化。等明星产品做完获取一定的销量之后，可以试图让假发形成一种潮流，写软文介绍不同地域的假发文化等方式。</li><li>视频：佩戴方式、清洗方式、产品优势等。</li><li>黑人/白人：产品分类针对不同的人分进行产品分类，并做相应的产品页面和产品介绍。</li></ol><h2 id="First-Expression"><a href="#First-Expression" class="headerlink" title="First Expression"></a>First Expression</h2><p>First Expression 重要性达到整个交易的 70%。</p><p>网站的几个特点：</p><ul><li>Authorized 权威，官方</li><li>Professional 专业。产品专业。</li><li>Comfortable 舒适。网站布局合理。</li><li>Trust 信任。解决支付信任，产品信任等信任问题。B2B 企业认证：D&amp;B(美国)、SGS(MadeInChina)，B2C 企业认证：Trustwave。分析用户不敢交易的原因。</li></ul><p>Show your differences:</p><ul><li>产品耐用 Prove it：By video。如搅拌机厂商讲 IPHONE 的每一代产品放在搅拌机中搅拌，可以获取大量点击。</li><li>技术领先。Prove it: 使用表格的方式，讲自己的产品和别人的产品的不同展示出来。</li><li>设计独特。Prove it: 初期不用公开产品。当有足够大的流量和品牌影响力之后，可以讲设计公开发布，可以获取行业的认可，可以获取异价。</li><li>公司背后的人。介绍团队，如设计师以及他负责解决的问题等。</li></ul><p>Can your website answer the Question?</p><ul><li>What you sell/offer/provide? 产品和服务</li><li>Why should I buy from you?</li><li>Can I trust you?</li></ul><p>成功 ＝ 有效流量(Traffic) x 转化率</p><ul><li>有效流量＝有意向达成交易的群体的点击量。</li><li>转换率＝ 点击量/交易数量。</li></ul><p>转化率 ＝ 流量/（询盘或交易）</p><p>一个网站的转换率低的原因可能是：</p><ul><li>垃圾流量</li><li>用户体验</li></ul><h2 id="真正了解你的用户"><a href="#真正了解你的用户" class="headerlink" title="真正了解你的用户"></a>真正了解你的用户</h2><p>销售环节：</p><ol><li>No Problem 客户没有需求，需要培养客户的需求。处于这个阶段的客户使用 Adwords，SEO 无效，需要培育市场，可以通过文章来达到这个目的，家庭安全，安全案例。</li><li>Problem 客户有问题（需求）存在。使用 LP 概念，关键词：“儿童安全”，“家庭安全”，“办公安全”…</li><li>Solution Exist 客户知道有解决方案。关键词：”安全插座”</li><li>Your Solution 客户知道你的解决方案。“熊猫安全插座”，“大力安全插座”，优化产品关键词。“熊猫安全插座好不好？”做好 Review，在各平台做好布局，产生口碑相应。</li><li>Benefits 你的优势。图片，视屏、文字说明优势。价格等。</li><li>Sales 销售。客户比较优势后，产生订单。</li></ol><p>大部分外贸网站只有 4、5 页面，造成 1-3 的流量流失，而 1-3 的流量比例不少。</p><h2 id="网站的邮件列表"><a href="#网站的邮件列表" class="headerlink" title="网站的邮件列表"></a>网站的邮件列表</h2><p>为了让处在 Problem Exist 销售阶段的客户留下信息，可以使用 Subscribe 的 Call to Action，并且给些刺激信息，如行业内的分析报告，以 ebook 或者电子书的形式免费下载，从而积累邮件列表。</p><p>获取到邮件列表时候，我们可以使用邮件营销工具（EDM Tools），如 iContact(查看 MR Hua 置顶帖)、awebber，通过 Autorespondor Message 工具，可以在用户订阅邮件后，每个两天发送提前设置后的 5-6 封 Email。这些邮件可以是公司情况、产品、行业、优势、客户评论和经历，不要有太明显的销售痕迹（Sales Pitch）。一旦客户再接受这些邮件后，可以开始销售过程。</p><p>Autorespondor Message 的作用：</p><ol><li>Build Trust 建立和客户之间的信任。</li><li>Keep Brand 让客户记住你的品牌</li><li>Sales 有可能产品销售结果。</li></ol><h2 id="Case"><a href="#Case" class="headerlink" title="Case"></a>Case</h2><ul><li><a href="http://wufoo.com" target="_blank" rel="external">http://wufoo.com</a> 创建表单。</li><li><a href="http://asiainspection.com" target="_blank" rel="external">asiainspection</a> 质检。</li><li><a href="http://usertesting.com" target="_blank" rel="external">http://usertesting.com</a> 网站测试。</li><li><a href="http://weebly.com" target="_blank" rel="external">http://weebly.com</a></li></ul>]]></content>
    
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        &lt;h2 id=&quot;网站目标&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;#网站目标&quot; class=&quot;headerlink&quot; title=&quot;网站目标&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;网站目标&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;B2B Leads(询盘)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;B2C Sell(销售)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Service Cal
      
    
    </summary>
    
      <category term="Platform" scheme="http://blog.inesoi.com/categories/Platform/"/>
    
    
  </entry>
  
  <entry>
    <title>你们的阿里现状怎么样？</title>
    <link href="http://blog.inesoi.com/alibaba-faq.html"/>
    <id>http://blog.inesoi.com/alibaba-faq.html</id>
    <published>2015-05-10T16:00:00.000Z</published>
    <updated>2018-08-19T10:09:33.795Z</updated>
    
    <content type="html"><![CDATA[<p>See <a href="http://ask.imiker.com/question/536" target="_blank" rel="external">你们的阿里现状怎么样？ - 米课问答</a></p><p><a href="http://ask.imiker.com/people/Collas" target="_blank" rel="external">lu</a> 2015-01-06 21:34</p><p>4个业务员，这三个月，做了橱窗产品和150个关键产品的曝光排名跟踪，重点跟进这190个产品，确保排名，询盘确实上去了从一个月40个增长到一个月70个，但是转化率还是特别低，上阿里的客人大部分是中国通，手上都有一大把供应商了，下一步还是要重点放在主动出击了，不经常上阿里的客户不会这么使劲比价，相信我们的产品好然后产品资料做的好业务员介绍专业让利客户持续跟进，相信转化率会提高然后客户附着度也会高起来。阿里上的客户最主要的就是不长久天天担心跑了。</p><p><a href="http://ask.imiker.com/people/boyggq" target="_blank" rel="external">外贸老高</a> 2015-01-08 22:59</p><p>阿里298套餐，两个人从12年底开始做，到现在两三年了，刚开始的时候产品比较少，询盘都很单一，做到后来产品铺开了，也接到了若干大客户，也算是对辛勤劳动的一种激励吧。</p><p><a href="http://ask.imiker.com/people/qirunchang" target="_blank" rel="external">一个也不留</a> - Let’s go! Just do it!</p><p>阿里两个账户在操作，一个账户是基本套餐，效果一般，但也能接一些客户，利润还不错，12月份接了俩票，另一个账户是金品，投资十几万，两个固定排名+P4P，效果很好，询盘也很多，成交也不错。阿里是个花钱的平台，没有投入就没有回报，两个账户的成交量对比相当明显。  </p><p>其实大家投一个基本账户，和没有一样的概念，这么说，当今阿里上面成交主要在金品诚企的账户上，基本户属于小米加步枪，金品数据飞机大炮，时代变了，不要再想着依靠一个基本账户就能在阿里上面接到单子了。除非你是个小行业，阿里上面这个行业的企业都少的很，那么基本户还能生存。我们维持一个基本户主要是用用阿里上面的贷款，毕竟七八年的账户了停了可惜，根本不指望通过基本户来接单子。  </p><p>十月份，附近的一个同行，也是金品，通过阿里得到120W的订单，询盘报价后，被客户约谈，看了样品，最终订单被拿下了。其实阿里上有客户，也有好客户，有大客户，只是阿里上烧钱的速度太快了，游戏规则的变化淘汰了一批想少花钱接单的供应商。  </p><p>如果说米课是一分耕耘一分收获，那么阿里是一分资金投入一分收获了。米课有一批追随者，他们精通建站，熟悉SEO，善用Awards，游走于社交网络。阿里同样有一批追随者，从诚信通到金品，从优化搜索，到固定排名，再到P4P，他们同样善用阿里的各类工具。让阿里的追随者来米课，他们会被打败，同样~。渠道不一样，没有好坏之分，如果长远来看，米课更基于互联网，走的会更快。阿里呢，其实已经开始准备更大的方向了，他在逐步增加客户与供应商对平台的依赖性，信用，贷款，融资，一达通，向更全面的大贸易方向发展。阿里的格局大，投入高，如果你还没看清出阿里的本质，你用不好阿里的。  </p><p>我不是阿里的追随者，也不是米课的，我的客户基本是以前展会积累的。我很赞同米课，也会去逐步去做。米问里面有很多人一谈阿里就牢骚一大堆，其实阿里和米课的玩法不一样而已，我是阿里的受益者，我深知阿里不是单单靠天天发产品就能接到询盘的时代了，我鉴证了阿里的变迁，所以我想和大家说，阿里不是一个没有回报的平台，他看的是资金投入与你是否融入了阿里的游戏规则。米课也不是每个人都能操作的好，关键是看大家的努力和对课程的学习与理解。  </p><p>大家不要再指望298的价格能在阿里上做多少单子了，基本属于奢望，298是阿里边缘化的客户了。不多说了，中午吃饭去了。</p><blockquote><p><a href="http://ask.imiker.com/people/andyhdh" target="_blank" rel="external">燕子</a> 2015-01-06 17:06</p><p>分析得透彻，基本上是这样的发展模式，对平台的依赖性是个双刃剑，想从阿里赚钱，确实得了解趋势并懂得规则。只是大部分中小企业都是跟不上这个变化了。只能是不断的被边缘化，或艰难维持着。</p></blockquote><p><a href="http://ask.imiker.com/people/yangf" target="_blank" rel="external">草帽</a> - 80后外贸电商</p><p>看了上面这么多人的回复, 我感觉真正熟悉阿里的人并不多. 大神没有出现. 我来了.  </p><p>我比较有发言权, 09年开始做阿里, 做了五年, 平台确实一直在变,需要适应各种变化.  </p><p>一,阿里上有大客户, 也有利润高的客户, 还有大量的小客户. 取决于产品,及运气.  </p><p>二,基本上从来不投 p4p, 不投固定排名.  从 198, 走到 298,  年回报率基本上是, 30 倍以上.  </p><p>三,产品真的很重要,如果你的产品不太适合阿里,就更需要人员少投入,资金少投入.  </p><p>四,一定要抓行业兴起的新产品, 这种新产品,基本上非常低的成本拿到优质客户. 也就是行业的最新热门关键词.  </p><p>以上说完, 米课我也要学习. 两种玩法而已, 东方不亮西方亮. 不能全信别人的经验,成功的经验很少, 加上很少听见. 需要自己去摸索。</p><p><a href="http://ask.imiker.com/people/congcong262" target="_blank" rel="external">无雪的冬</a> - Multi-tasking</p><p>其实阿里一直以来的自身的定位策略就决定了未来给厂商带来的询盘越来越少。阿里主打的是现有产品的加工方，而现在越来越多的人意识到做产品应该更关注微笑曲线的两头，即销售和研发。加工的利润很少，现在有些模式下甚至都可以外包。阿里其实就是帮加工型厂商做网络推广。中国加工的产能是过剩的，越传统越过剩。越来越多的加工型厂商来到阿里竞争，只知道等询盘+报价。这就是最简单的加工型厂家模式。现在国外很多传统领域已经不需要或者越来越少的需要这部分产能了，新的需求，加工型厂家又不去研究，很多新的国外动向没有关注，解决别人的新需求或者潜在需求的产品并没有放到网上让别人知道，一直想吃老本，询盘越来越少是很正常的。其实一做外贸，你不是在跟国内的同行竞争，你是在跟日本和韩国竞争。多看看同邻国家的同行的一些思维和战略。</p><p><a href="http://ask.imiker.com/people/hnyingshun" target="_blank" rel="external">高球</a> - 80后外贸男</p><p>我们投的是阿里巴巴国际站的金品诚企，8万一年的那种，今年都第4个年头了。经过这几年不断的学习和摸索，每周的询盘量从刚开始的二三十封达到了一百多封，也就是每月能收到500封左右询盘。即使算他一半都是垃圾询盘，剩下来的数量也还不少。应该是凡事都有个二八规则吧，都是一样的平台，效果怎么样取决于使用者。近几年阿里的所谓排名潜规则也不断在变，我们也不断在学习、摸索、改变。是否真的用了心去经营这个平台，效果肯定大不一样。  </p><p>几大外贸B2B平台中，感觉阿里国际站最大的优势是他们非常接地气的客服（客户经理），很多城市都有他们的分公司或办事处，能跟客户良好对接。他们客服的职能也从最初的培训基本操作向组织活动让客户们互相学习转变。  </p><p>阿里也是做谷歌推广，然后把得到的询盘再分配给各供应商。感觉我们就是被阿里罩着的温室中的花朵，在这个温室中按阿里的规则办事，阿里就在其平台上给你好的排名，给你询盘。  </p><p>一旦失去了阿里这个护罩，直接把我们放到谷歌这个大的充分的竞争环境中，很可能我们在阿里上摸索到的技巧会不堪一击，甚至完全不适用。  </p><p>所以，我们加入了米课，为的是开拓眼界，更好的武装自己。以便敢于从温室中走出，拥抱更广阔的天地！</p><h2 id="阿里服务"><a href="#阿里服务" class="headerlink" title="阿里服务"></a>阿里服务</h2><ul><li>诚信通</li><li>298</li><li>P4P</li><li>金品诚企</li><li>网商贷</li><li>一达通</li><li>固定关键词排名</li></ul>]]></content>
    
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        &lt;p&gt;See &lt;a href=&quot;http://ask.imiker.com/question/536&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; rel=&quot;external&quot;&gt;你们的阿里现状怎么样？ - 米课问答&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://ask.imiker.
      
    
    </summary>
    
      <category term="Platform" scheme="http://blog.inesoi.com/categories/Platform/"/>
    
    
      <category term="platform" scheme="http://blog.inesoi.com/tags/platform/"/>
    
  </entry>
  
  <entry>
    <title>商业逻辑模型</title>
    <link href="http://blog.inesoi.com/business-logic.html"/>
    <id>http://blog.inesoi.com/business-logic.html</id>
    <published>2015-05-04T16:00:00.000Z</published>
    <updated>2018-08-19T10:09:33.795Z</updated>
    
    <content type="html"><![CDATA[<ul><li><a href="http://www.huastory.com/" target="_blank" rel="external">Mr.Hua 创业日志</a></li><li><a href="http://www.mrhua.net/" target="_blank" rel="external">Mr.Hua 博客</a></li></ul><h2 id="商业逻辑模型"><a href="#商业逻辑模型" class="headerlink" title="商业逻辑模型"></a>商业逻辑模型</h2><ul><li>进入一个行业前先看这个行业的NO.1的经营情况。</li><li><p>明确企业的属性。不管你做什么企业，大体有三种类型：靠成本领先、靠差异化领先、靠聚焦竞争。</p><p>  早期的跨境电商缩短了海外用户的购买流程，国内外竞争对手和网购用户也在发展初期，大量的信息不对等，成就了跨境电商短暂得“差异化领先”时期，差异化领先企业最容易享受高利润。</p><p>  而现在的跨境电商随着竞争的全面化，同质化导致差异化的消失，已经转变了 成本领先型企业，这类企业是最苦逼的，其实很多人也不愿意做，只不过在差异化企业向成本领先企业转型时他没有察觉，做着做着就发现自己做的是最苦逼的生意，成本领先型的特点就是市场已成熟，投入巨大，产品同质化，大家比的是缩减成本，管理，运营，无法有扭转趋势的创新，成本领先企业最典型的就是钢铁行业，航空行业，液晶面板（哥当年股票就栽在液晶面板企业京东方手里，之后反复总结反思，发现京东方恐怕永无长期稳定盈利的日子，赚点钱不投入新设备很快就落后），今天的跨境电商就已经出现了往成本领先型企业发展的趋势，赚的那点银子捂不住的。</p></li><li><p>分析公司的竞争地位。</p><p>  目前跨境电商从上游产品生产，到采购供应链管理，到电商网站销售（推广，运营，管理），到运输（小包，海外仓，海空运）已经相对成熟，公开，透明，是个人都能和你讲一大堆这里的流程，大家在这条价值链条上都无法做出创新改革，全部同质化，进货成本都差不多，运营管理都差不多，销售价格也差不多，推广方式也差不多，那么多差不多加一起，的确还是差不多。兰亭虽然企图在供应链上做优化，在产品设计端做创新，但是这不是他们的强项，这是老美的强项，这是人家价值链中最核心的部分，我们跨境电商的产业链资源还不支持这条，搞死也搞不出什么名堂，你供应商供应链，人才供应链，资源供应链都跟不上。</p><p>  早期大家都在价值链中的‘电商网站推广运营’上做差异化竞争，但现在这块的透明度也越来越高，你有的新方法，什么红人，社交网络，各种渠道广告我发现了就能学会，这些都导致了竞争同质化，所以就只好在细分市场上做切入点，你做婚纱切入，我就做首饰切入，他就做服装为主，我们三巨头水平是差不多，可我们在各自细分市场里可就厉害了（没办法，挤破头进来的玩家太菜，上面的价值链条全部搞定对亚马逊这种来说就是九牛一毛，样样给你玩到极致，可对于国内打算现在B2C创业的来说，没有一个小团队加千万现金那就别想了），这个门槛已经可以把绝大多数人全部挡住。<strong>注意，如果你非要做跨境电商，那唯一的机会也就是在避开对手的细分市场上入手了，DX,兰亭卖的东西统统不能卖。</strong></p></li><li><p>外界竞争对手冲击。</p><p>  按常理理解，只要你抬高竞争门槛就可以挡住一定数量的竞争对手的进入，从而构建壁垒，坐享瓜分利润。但问题是跨境电商其实竞争对手太多了，细分市场到主流市场都被资本主义国家列强霸占着，而且人家的价值链条和我们的完全不一样，前面提到国外很多在产品设计创新上做足了文章，这块是很难模仿的，你一模仿你所有结构都要跟着变化来服务这种优势，我们已经是过亿规模的跨境电商如果这么做了，就很快失去低成本的优势，这不是招几个设计师就能解决的，这就是为什么我们很难全盘模仿国外的电商，大家的资源完全不同，而我们跨境电商的产业价值链带来的利润就是10%，国外的却有30%！很明显我们跨境电商的价值链是落伍的。</p></li><li><p>客户群体。</p><p>  做跨境出口的人虽然多，但认真考虑过自己的货到底卖给了谁的人肯定不多，亚马逊的客户群从全球屌丝到高富帅全齐了，而大部分跨境出口电商的客户只有屌丝，恩，没错，国际屌丝数量也很庞大。这部分客户对价格是比较敏感的，用户群体的不同可以倒逼企业的战略决策，你要服务好这些对价格敏感的客户，那意味着你的战略方向不知不觉就变成了‘成本领先型‘的模式，你所做的事情和决策都是为了创造更低的价格给客户，而不是价值。10%的利润只是这个模式带来的结果，所以再验证一次前面说的兰亭在产品设计的创新是无用功，最后还是低价品，好吧，带点创新的低价品。</p><p>  所以对于那些想进入跨境电商的朋友们来说，如果你不具备在跨境出口产业链上做创新，也没有足够的资本，真的别掺合这事了，绝对是操着卖白粉的心，赚着卖白菜的钱，跨境出口电商的暴利时间窗口已经关闭了。</p><p>  把 B2C 的推广运营方法技巧嫁接到外贸B2B公司，我们仔细来看外贸B2B产业的价值链，他的结构和跨境出口电商是完全不一样的，普通的工厂和外贸公司的价值链是从原材料采购 – 产品生产 – 销售渠道（阿里，展会等平台，外贸公司）- 海外 distributor ，看见没有，并没有太多企业会注重网络上独立网站的推广，而这一条又是非常重要的，尤其是在展会和B2B平台已经竞争白热化了，如果把跨境电商的营销技巧转嫁到外贸工厂/公司的价值链上，就可以重塑价值链，向差异化迈出一步，而这一小步足已让你超越你国内的竞争对手，因为他们还在石器时代呢。</p></li></ul><h2 id="FAQ"><a href="#FAQ" class="headerlink" title="FAQ"></a>FAQ</h2><h3 id="网站被加入供应商黑名单怎么解决"><a href="#网站被加入供应商黑名单怎么解决" class="headerlink" title="网站被加入供应商黑名单怎么解决"></a>网站被加入供应商黑名单怎么解决</h3><p>商业上信誉就是一切，信誉危机可以让一个企业崩盘，无论你这个企业有多大。</p><p><supplierblacklist.com> 正如其名就是供应商黑名单网站，被供应商欺骗的老外会举报你的公司在这些网站上，supplierblacklist 这个站还不是最早的，更早的应该是 <scambusters.org>，由于这些网站权重非常高，所以你一旦被举报成功，在谷歌的搜索结果里你就基本完蛋了，我们这位学员很明显就感受到了危害。</scambusters.org></supplierblacklist.com></p><p>我认为这是可以解决的，所以立刻给了三个步骤：</p><ol><li>现在这个评价下有reply 先解释吧</li><li>联系这个客户解释，请求删除</li><li>尝试联系这个网站解释一下 这个是上上策，这都不行，只能考虑通过各种网站写内容把帖子排挤下去，这个就比较耗时 而且不确定性大。</li></ol><p>出现这样的情况一定要先搞清楚客户为什么要留，如果你真是个骗子，那谁也救不了你。所以我建议先在投诉下解释，美国人还是比较理性的，会听故事的两面做出自己的判断， 然后再联系客户解释处理，最后联系网站解释，但凡一个有责任心的站长都会积极处理。</p>]]></content>
    
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      <category term="Trade" scheme="http://blog.inesoi.com/categories/Trade/"/>
    
    
  </entry>
  
  <entry>
    <title>外贸成交技巧</title>
    <link href="http://blog.inesoi.com/foreign-trade.html"/>
    <id>http://blog.inesoi.com/foreign-trade.html</id>
    <published>2015-04-06T16:00:00.000Z</published>
    <updated>2018-08-19T10:09:33.795Z</updated>
    
    <content type="html"><![CDATA[<h2 id="网站"><a href="#网站" class="headerlink" title="网站"></a>网站</h2><p>Ref <www.rambotech.com></www.rambotech.com></p><p>See <a href="http://www.mrhua.net/2014/05/imiker-vips-website-rambotech/" target="_blank" rel="external">米课学员网站案例分析之Rambotech</a></p><p>排名：Alexa</p><h3 id="视频"><a href="#视频" class="headerlink" title="视频"></a>视频</h3><p>See <a href="http://www.mrhua.net/2014/02/video-marketing/" target="_blank" rel="external">谷歌广告做视频营销推广，谷歌广告新用法！</a></p><h2 id="引流方法"><a href="#引流方法" class="headerlink" title="引流方法"></a>引流方法</h2><h3 id="主动"><a href="#主动" class="headerlink" title="主动"></a>主动</h3><ul><li>朋友圈</li><li>搜索引擎</li><li>公司旧资源</li><li>展会</li></ul><h3 id="被动"><a href="#被动" class="headerlink" title="被动"></a>被动</h3><ul><li>Alibaba</li><li>Global Sources</li><li>MadeInChina</li></ul><h2 id="B2C"><a href="#B2C" class="headerlink" title="B2C"></a>B2C</h2><ul><li><a href="http://www.lightinthebox.com/" target="_blank" rel="external">http://www.lightinthebox.com/</a></li><li><a href="http://www.dx.com/" target="_blank" rel="external">http://www.dx.com/</a></li><li><a href="http://www.amazon.com/" target="_blank" rel="external">http://www.amazon.com/</a></li><li><a href="http://www.ebay.com/" target="_blank" rel="external">ebay</a></li><li><a href="http://www.aliexpress.com/" target="_blank" rel="external">AliExpress.com</a></li><li><a href="https://www.wish.com/" target="_blank" rel="external">Wish - Shopping Made Fun</a></li></ul><h3 id="Amazon"><a href="#Amazon" class="headerlink" title="Amazon"></a>Amazon</h3><p>See <a href="http://www.mrhua.net/2014/07/amazon-series-lessons/" target="_blank" rel="external">米课亚马逊课程全部实操已经上线</a></p><p><strong>米课贡献一节亚马逊实操试听课程</strong>：<a href="http://www.imiker.com/friends-series/amazon.html" target="_blank" rel="external">http://www.imiker.com/friends-series/amazon.html</a> 或<a href="http://www.imiker.com/friends-series/amazon.html" title="亚马逊试听课程" target="_blank" rel="external">直接点击这里</a>！</p><h2 id="外贸公司职位"><a href="#外贸公司职位" class="headerlink" title="外贸公司职位"></a>外贸公司职位</h2><ul><li>Sales 业务员</li><li>Sales Manager 业务经理</li><li>Senior Assistant to director 董事长助理</li><li>Buyer 采购员</li></ul><h2 id="开发信"><a href="#开发信" class="headerlink" title="开发信"></a>开发信</h2><h3 id="邮件人称"><a href="#邮件人称" class="headerlink" title="邮件人称"></a>邮件人称</h3><p>每一封邮件都要用明确的邮件人，千万不能让客户感觉你在群发。一般用 Dear + 名，或者 Dear Mr./Miss/Ms + 姓，是最正规的。尽量不要用 Dear sirs 或者是 Dear sir or madam。如，客户的名字叫 Jack Peterson，通过姓名判断是男名，可以些 Dear Jack，或者 Dear Mr. Peterson，比较正式。这个名字在国外也有细微差别，直接用 Dear 加名字显得相对亲近，但当对方的职位相对自己很高时，最好用后者，显得更加正式。</p><h3 id="结尾标签"><a href="#结尾标签" class="headerlink" title="结尾标签"></a>结尾标签</h3><p>签名需要包括电话、传真、邮箱、地址等信息，诸如 MSN、ICQ、QQ、Skype 之类的聊天工具不用加上去，正式的商务人士不会在邮件里假如这些信息。</p><h3 id="附件"><a href="#附件" class="headerlink" title="附件"></a>附件</h3><p>文件大小越小越好，便于接收和打开。试用常用的格式，如 JPG 和 PDF 之类的，便于打开。尽量不要打包成 RAR 或者 ZIP 等压缩文件。一般情况下，附件应尽量控制在 1M 以内。</p><h3 id="开发途径"><a href="#开发途径" class="headerlink" title="开发途径"></a>开发途径</h3><p>尽量点名得知客户联系方式的途径，给客户增加印象，同时可以避免唐突。特别是有碰过面的客户，就更加需要在第一句就点名主旨。</p><p>如：“有幸在某某展会上得到您的名片，获悉您对某某产品感兴趣”，或者“很高兴在您的网站上获悉，您主要销售某某产品”，又或者“经某某朋友介绍，得知您的联系方式”，等，让客户第一眼见到就有一个大致的印象。</p><h3 id="字体格式"><a href="#字体格式" class="headerlink" title="字体格式"></a>字体格式</h3><p>一般试用 Arial、Calibri、Calibria、Century Gothic、Comic Sans MS，Times New Roman、Verdana 这几种字体，大小基本上用 11 号或 12 号字。尽量用大方的黑色或者深蓝色，显得比较正式。签名可以稍微加一点色彩，或者更换字体。</p><h3 id="常犯的错误"><a href="#常犯的错误" class="headerlink" title="常犯的错误"></a>常犯的错误</h3><ul><li>邮件写得过长</li><li><p>没有明确的主题</p><p>  如：<em>Re: ABC Inc. /Home depot vendor - solor light/DEF Co., Ltd</em>。其中，DEF Co. Ltd 是做太阳能灯具的公司，Home Depot 该公司最大的客户，Abc Inc. 为要开发的客户。</p></li><li><p>长篇大论的公司或工厂介绍。</p><p>  简单明了地介绍公司或工厂，如：</p><p>  We supply solor light for Home Depot with high quality and competive price. Hope to cooperate with you.</p></li><li><p>爱炫耀英文水平。</p><p>  越简洁越好，越简洁要能体现一个外贸人员的水平。外贸电函的精髓是：简洁、简洁、再简洁。</p><p>  如：写一封邮件告诉 Mike，上次收到的商品已经寄给工厂，但工厂说材料不是 ABS，而是 PP，他们需要重新核算价格，但近期内原材料涨价，希望 Mike 能尽快确认，以便我们采购原材料并安排生产。（自己的身份是采购）</p><blockquote><p>Hi Mike,</p><p>Samples were received and already passed to vendor. The meterial was PP, not ABS. Offer sheet (报价单) is being prepared and will be sent to you soon. By the way, the cost of raw material increased these days. Please make a decision quickly to go ahead after price confirmed. We’ll arrange the mass production asap.</p><p>Thanks and best regards.</p></blockquote></li><li><p>喜欢用奇奇怪怪的字体。</p><ul><li><p>欧美人一般比较常用的字体就是一下几种： Arial, Verdana, Calibri, Times New Roman，也有一些用 Tahoma 字体，但相对少些。</p></li><li><p>颜色一般用黑色或者深蓝色。如需强调，可以在邮件中加粗或者大写或者用其他颜色标注。</p><p>如：</p><blockquote><p>Dear C,</p><p>Please help to send the samples to my HK office BEFORE THIS WEEKEND.</p><p>Thanks.</p><p>Rio.</p></blockquote></li></ul></li><li><p>主语态用得太多。</p><p>  如，我们可以说：</p><blockquote><p>Samples will be sent to you tomorrow.</p><p>而非</p><p>We’ll send you the samples tomorrow.</p></blockquote></li><li><p>经常会问一些毫无意义的话。</p><p>  如： </p><blockquote><ul><li>Do you want our products? </li><li>Do you interested in our products?</li><li>How is your business recently?</li><li>Would you like to cooperate with us?</li></ul></blockquote><p>  开发信还是需要直接一些，告诉客户你是谁，你做什么，你的优势在哪里。</p></li><li><p>喜欢用附件和图片。</p><p>  第一次联系客户的时候最好使用纯文本。即使收到客户询盘的时候，如果不是客户指定，尽量避免用 Excel 或 Word 附件，最好直接在邮件里写明。如：</p>  <pre>  > Item: Solar lantern with soft handle  > Model No: HBC - 294847/ KT  > Description:   > Package: color box  > MOQ: 1,000 pcs  > Pcs/ctn: 20pcs/ctn  > Ctn size: 50cm x 40cm x 60cm  > GW/NW: 20kg/18kg  > Q'ty/20': xxx pcs; Q'ty/40': xxx pcs  > Loading port: Shenzhen  > Payment terms: T/T, L/C, D/P, etc.  > Valid time: 60 days  > FOB Shenzhen: USD2.39/pc  > CIF Valencia: USD2.45/pc  </pre><p>  然后在附件中添加一张 500k 以下的清晰图片就可以。这样可以避开那些懒惰的客户不去点开附件的 Word 或 Excel 报价单，其次也可以防止客户吧报价单随便传给给人套价格。如果客户要求报很多款产品而没法邮件中写清楚时，就只能用 Word 或者 Excel 做报价单，然后转成 PDF 格式。</p></li></ul><ul><li><p>喜欢插入各种链接。</p><p>  在写开发信时，这样的链接可能会被服务器拦截。</p></li><li><p>语气过于生硬。</p><p>  如： </p><blockquote><p>Please give me reply today.</p></blockquote><p>  可以说成：</p><blockquote><p>Could you please help to  give me reply today?</p></blockquote></li></ul><h3 id="示例"><a href="#示例" class="headerlink" title="示例"></a>示例</h3><p>示例 1，以下是一个巴西的贸易公司写给陌生的美国公司的开发信：</p><blockquote><p>Hey guy：</p><p>XYZ trading here, exporting LANTERNS with good quality and low price with US.</p><p>Call me, let’s talk details.</p><p>Rgds,</p><p>Rick</p><p>Cll phone: **</p></blockquote><p>示例2：很高兴获悉您对某某商品感兴趣，我们专业上产这类产品多年，优势在于什么地方，质量好，价格有竞争力。</p><blockquote><p>Hi Sir,</p><p>Glad to hear that you’re in the market for fiberglass. We specialize in this field for several years, with the strenth of xxx and xxx, with good quality and pretty competive price.</p><p>Should you have any questions, pls do not hesitate to contact me. FREE SAMPLES  will be sent for your evaluation!</p><p>Thks &amp; br.</p></blockquote><p>示例 3：</p><blockquote><p>Dear Purchasing manager,</p><p>Glad to hear that you are in the market for Wheel balancer and Tyre changer.</p><p>We are the manufacturer of the items above. Pls visit our website to know more about us: www.xxx.com.</p><p>Kindly contact me if any questions. It is our pleasure to be on servie for you!</p><p>Thanks and best regards.</p><p>Karen</p></blockquote><p>示例 4：</p><blockquote><p>Dear Sir or Madam:</p><p>Glad to write to you! This is Tracy Lee from xxx. Furniture Hardware Factory in China.</p><p>We’re  the MANUFACTURER of high quality furniture with competitive price! Such as office furniture, modern classic furniture, metal furniture, hardware, etc.</p><p>Attached our e-catalogue for your reference! Quotation sheet will be provided at once if needed.</p><p>Any question, pls do not hesitate to contact me. Thank you.</p><p>Best regards,</p><p>Tracy Lee</p></blockquote><h3 id="跟单实例"><a href="#跟单实例" class="headerlink" title="跟单实例"></a>跟单实例</h3><p>手中有剩余样品，在欧洲市场开发新的客户：</p><p>Hi xxx,</p><p>Gload to hear that you’re on the market for flashlight and other promotional items.</p><p>This is C from xxx Ltd in China. We specialized in flashlights and premiums for 10 years, with the customers of Coca - Cola, Craft, Pephi, etc., and hope to find a way to cooperate with you!</p><p>Please find the pictures with models and different packaging in attachment. An American guy purchased this model in BIG quantity last year. I would like to try now, if it’s suitable for Europe.</p><p>FREE SAMPLES can be sent on request. Call me, let’s talk more!</p><p>Thansk and best regards.</p><p>C</p><p>xxx Ltd.</p><p>同样的开发信发给 6 个人， 4 个人没回，一个人回了 Thank you, not this time. Bye. 最后一个瑞典的客户 Kevin 回了：</p><p>Looks nice! What about the price?</p><p>就一句话，没有抬头，没有落款，语气貌似也很不客气，但还是值得跟进：</p><p>Hi Kelvin,</p><p>So pleased to get your prompt reply! Regarding this model, pls find the details with offer as follwers:</p><p>…</p><p>Comments please, any questions will be appreciated!</p><p>Best regards,</p><p>C</p><p>等待 5 天，客户的邮件终于千呼万唤始出来：</p><p>Dear C:</p><p>I’m sure your product holds high quality, but the price was too high as well. Maybe next time.</p><p>Rgds,</p><p>Kelvin</p><p>看来是价格的问题，也可能是客户随口以价格为理由的委婉拒绝。不管怎么样，还是要继续跟下去：</p><p>Hi Kelven,</p><p>Thank you so much for your kind mail!</p><p>Sure, our models with top quality, and think all of them meet the quality level in your local market! If the price is not suitble in your price range, could you pls accept to do a little change? The price will be reduced 3%. That is, EUR2.13/pc.</p><p>Looking forward to your early reply. Thanks.</p><p>Kind regards.</p><p>C.</p><p>估计不说明白具体怎么改动，吊起客户的胃口，让他主动来问我。来来往往的邮件越多，最终拿下订单的可能行就越大。果然，客户很快回复：</p><p>C,</p><p>What change is ok? Will it affect the quality?</p><p>Kelvin</p><p>客户的兴趣在增加，回复：</p><p>Dear Kelvin,</p><p>Pls don’s worry about the quality. Price is important, but quality counts for much more!</p><p>Here is just a little change, the original length of flashlight is 102mm, and now we just make it short, 89mm instead! And then, the total cost will be reduced 3% because of the material saved!</p><p>All the luminosity and the body look the same! I think it’s workable for both of us. Any comments?</p><p>Best Regards,</p><p>C</p><p>接着客户没了消息，一直到两天之后，才有新的邮件过来，这次上真正的好消息：</p><p>C,</p><p>Pls give me back C&amp;F aor Stockholm.</p><p>Kelvin</p><p>经过咨询几家货代公司，比了价格之后，回复：</p><p>Hi Kelvin,</p><p>Already checked the freight cost with forwarder, and was informed the air fright from Shanghai to Stockholm would be EUR2.9/kg. That is, EUR0.35/pc will be added on the basic price.</p><p>Therefore, the C&amp;F cost is EUR2.13 + EUR0.35 = EUR2.48/pc.</p><p>Pls confirm the above details, and I’ll send you the proforma invoice.</p><p>Looking forward to your reply!</p><p>Thanks and best regards,</p><p>C</p><p>等了四天，客户没有回音，等不住又跟了一封：</p><p>Dear Kelvin,</p><p>Sorry to trouble you again. Because the busy order season is coming, please confirm the detail soon.</p><p>We need to arrage the mass production asap, to keep the delivery on time!</p><p>Thanks.</p><p>Kind regards.</p><p>C</p><p>客户仍然要不音信，忍不住了，打电话过去，客户说，他最近比较忙，回尽快回复我。十分钟后，邮件来了：</p><p>Dear C,</p><p>Try the price on EUR2.20, you may consider is as an order.</p><p>Rgds.</p><p>Kelven</p><p>这个价格挺狠的，几乎底价，答应了，差不多就没钱赚了：</p><p>Sorry Kelven,</p><p>Please consider more about the quality, would you like to evaluate the samples in advantage? And we can talk about price later, Okay?</p><p>客户回复：</p><p>Dear C,</p><p>No, pretty urgent. Just photos enough. Pls do it on EUR2.25, I presuade customer give me order.</p><p>Best,</p><p>Kelvin</p><p>客户主动加 5 美分，可能客户真的很急？客户应该已经决定下单了，但是希望谈一个更好的价格，所以在跟我磨。我回复：</p><p>Dear Kelvin,</p><p>Thank you for your kind mail! But unfortunately, this price also unworkable for us.</p><p>I sincerely hope to have business with you, pls realize our position. 2 suggestions as bellow:</p><p>1) everything keep the same, EUR2.45/pc, C&amp;R air Stockholm<br>2) everything keep the same, EUR2.60/pc, with 3 * AAA battery, C&amp;F air Stockholm</p><p>Comments, pls. Thank you!</p><p>Rgds,</p><p>C</p><p>为了绕开价格，就给客户两套方案，客户回复：</p><p>Hey C,</p><p>Good idea to put the batteries together. The price would be reduced to EUR2.53/pc, my customer will confirm the order, 20 000pcs.</p><p>Sincerely</p><p>Kelvin</p><p>很明显，客户对电池的兴趣很大，但是接着砍价格。前面的邮件估计留了一个陷阱，没说 AAA 电池是碳性还是碱性，两者的价格相差还挺大。连忙回复：</p><p>Dear Kelvin,</p><p>Great! My boss finally confirmed your target price. You’re a so good negotiator!!!</p><p>Please find our PI in attachment, and sign by return today. Also pls arrage the wire transfer of 30% deposit soon!</p><p>Thank you!</p><p>Kind regards,</p><p>C</p><p>既然他同意目标价，不等他问，就在第一时间将 PI 发过去，让他没有借口不签。PI 中我注明是 3 * AAA super heavy duty battery included, 即 3 节碳性电池，付款方式是 T/T (with 30% deposit)，交期定 40 天，附件中还有我们的银行信息。</p><p>客户爽快地把定金汇过来了， 后来因为工厂出现问题，交货日期延长 1 个星期。联系 UPS(联合包裹服务公司)，他们有专机，但是价格比普通的空运高 2 000 欧，和客户沟通，客户同意，立即把剩余的余款和这 2000 欧一起 T/T 过来，让我尽快安排出货。</p><p>再后来，找到更便宜的货代，价格低很多，和客户沟通，可以把 2000 欧退换，客户很高兴，一个月后收到客户的感谢信：</p><p>My friends,</p><p>All the nice items are out of stock now. Customers are happy!</p><p>Thank you!</p><p>Kelvin</p><h2 id="开发信群"><a href="#开发信群" class="headerlink" title="开发信群"></a>开发信群</h2><p>为了是自己的专业性得到最大限度的发挥，让客户知道你很专业，毅冰发明了“开发信群”方法，英文为 “mail group”。简单说就是拆分邮件，把一封可能写得很长，内容很全面的邮件拆成多个邮件，组成邮件群，以此来突出优势，专门对付那些专业客户和大卖家。</p><ol><li><p>第一封：简单介绍自己的公司和产品。提一下如何得知对方的联系方式，尤其是老外朋友介绍的，更加需要突出，容易引起对方的注意。如：</p><p> Re: Stationery vendor for Antonio</p><p> Dear Eva,</p><p> This is C from xxx. Glad to get your info from my Italian friend Antonio.</p><p> As I know, you have interest in purchasing stationery from Chinese mainland. We supply folders, clips, highlighters, notebooks to EU market for serveral years.</p><p> Please contact me for any question.</p><p> Best regards,</p><p> C</p></li><li><p>第二封：修改一下主题，发送一封详细的公司介绍给对方，最好是 PPT 或者 PDF 格式的。有图形和文字，能给对方一个直观的感觉。如：</p><p> Re: company profile - xxx company<br> Eva,</p><p> Attached our company profile for your reference. Thanks.</p><p> Regards,</p><p> C</p></li><li><p>第三封：推荐一些产品报价，报价单里一定要有几款特别有价格竞争力的，来测试客户对价格的敏感度。故意在邮件里注明是基础报价，为后面可能有的谈判进展留有余地。</p><p> Re: stationery quotes</p><p> Hi Eva,</p><p> Here attached the quotes for stationery program for your review. To be candid with you, it is the basic price, and will be fluctuated due to the different quantity.</p><p> Should you have any questions, that is welcome. Thank you!</p><p> Best,</p><p> C.</p></li><li><p>第四封：把关于自己的工厂实力、验厂报告等发送给客户参考。如果是贸易公司，可以不发验厂报告，但可以突出一些别的优势，如现有的大卖家、现有的市场构成、现有的新产品等。有针对性地推荐，主要给客户留下印象。</p><p> Re: factory audit report - xxx company</p><p> Dear Eva:</p><p> We have already passed the factory audit from Wal-Mart, SGS &amp; BSCL. </p><p> Please find the audit reports in attachment.</p><p> I’m sure that our factory is good enough for  your program in Italy.</p><p> Any comments, that will be appreciated!</p></li><li><p>第五封：拍一些样品的照片，把图片好好处理一下，灯管、角度、明暗度、文件大小等，不需要太多，但一定要清楚、直观、突出优势、而且所有文件加起来，控制在几百  左右，不要超过 1 。</p><p> Re: photos of samples room</p><p> Dear Eva,</p><p> Enclosed some photos from our sample room for your review.</p><p> If you  have time, please pay a visit to us. I think a lot of items will match your interest, and really hope to eatablish business relationship with you!</p><p> Kind regards,</p><p> C</p></li><li><p>第六封：推荐一些适合对方市场的产品，关键是为了突出自己的专业。因为第三封邮件有推荐产品报价，但显然不能报很多不同的款式，未必能吸引客户。这封邮件中，要适当地补充尽可能多的图片，工客户摔选。等对方有兴趣了，再报价不迟。总而言之，需要保价，但要报的巧妙；需要推荐，但要荐得准确。</p><p> Re: recommended items for Italy</p><p> Eva,</p><p> According to my experience, here attached some products which suitable for Italy for your review.</p><p> If any demand, I’ll provide the offer sheet with samples immediately!</p><p> Thanks and best regards.</p></li></ol><p>有个细节需要注意，邮件的主题必须多变，不同邮件的侧重点不同。过段时间可以再跟进，问问客户需求之类的，或者打个电话沟通一下。</p><p>只有第二封和第四封邮件的主题有 “xxx company” 字样，其他四封都没有。原因是客户不喜欢推销信，可能一打开就看到六封邮件是同一个公司发来的，很有可能一并删除。主题多做变化，不仅为了抓对方眼球，同样也是吸引收件人点开邮件的一个小招数。</p><h2 id="开发过程"><a href="#开发过程" class="headerlink" title="开发过程"></a>开发过程</h2><ol><li>专业的询盘第一时间、并且专业回复。</li><li>简单的询盘简单回复。如回复一份 e-catalogue，或者一个邮件模板，顺便推荐几款产品报一下价格。</li><li>坚持底线，适当让步。如交期、付款方式，30% 定金可以改成即期信用证，工厂可以凭信用证想银行做打包贷款。在不危害公司声誉、信用和资金安全的都可以变通。</li><li><p>做生意要履行承诺，做生意要讲诚信，做生意要用于承担责任。如客户要求 45 天的交期，但订单不能及时完成，估计还要 14 天左右的时间，你可以这样写：</p><p> Jeff,</p><p> Sorry to inform you the goods will be delyaed 2 weeks. The ETD will be Apr. 15th then. We will try out best to deliver the goods as quickly as possible.</p><p> Tks &amp; B. rgds,</p><p> C</p><p> 一般客户知道订单要延期，总是会希望你尽早交货，而不会去关心为什么延期，过多的解释反而容易让客户觉得你是在找借口，在推卸责任。所以，直接一句 sorry 就够了。除非遇到不可抗力的时候，不如台风、地震、海啸等非人为因素，才需要跟客户做详细的解释，并给出证据。</p><p> 另外，当承诺没法履行的时候，除了 sorry 外，如果能给一些 extra 的补偿，如答应给客户降 2%，或者在出货的时候多给客户一些免费的配件，会让客户更加高兴，觉得你是个 reliable person。</p></li><li><p>学会倾听对方的需求。尽可能倾听客户的每一句话，尽可能能掌握更多的信息，因为我们没有客户了解目标市场。在谈判过程中，千万不要不懂装懂，不明白的地方就要及时提问，有理有节，用不着不好意思。我们在展示自己专业和实力的同时，也绝对不能护士倾听客户的需求。客户可能没说，但你可以问，比如您平时采购哪类产品？大致在哪个区域采购？您的目标市场是哪些消费者？只要不涉及商业机密，或者太多敏感性的问题，一般客户都回很乐意回答。如果你能在客户介绍自己的同时不吝赞美几句，往往更回起到意想不到的效果，从而拉近彼此的关系。</p></li><li><p>邮件背后的深意。如给客户发送吸尘器的报价后，客户这样回复：</p><p> Dear Stella,</p><p> Thanks for your supoort in the past. I’m sorry to inform you the pricing is far from our budget, and we finally decide to stop and close this case.</p><p> Pierre</p><p> 价格远超过客户的预算，但此时并非没有机会了。第一句感谢我们过去的支持，说明客户不仅礼貌，而且对我们的印象不错。第二句说价格远远超过他们的预算，所以最终决定停止项目。那如果价格不超过他们的预算呢，是不是还有继续的可能？</p><p> 跟工厂讨论了以后，换了个方案，继续给客户回复：</p><p> Pierre,</p><p> Thank you for your kind mail. Permy understanding, pricing is the only problem. I have discussed with factory, and the price could be reduced roughly 20%, if changing the power and two parts inside.</p><p> Attached the comparison list for your reference. We sincerely hope to go ahead for his program.</p><p> Best,</p><p> C</p><p> 邮件一过去，客户果然感兴趣，他理科就要我重新准备样品确认，最后敲定订单。</p><p> 所以，很多时候要多想、多琢磨客户的话，“听懂” 客户邮件背后的意思。</p></li></ol><h2 id="报价单"><a href="#报价单" class="headerlink" title="报价单"></a>报价单</h2><h3 id="情报第一"><a href="#情报第一" class="headerlink" title="情报第一"></a>情报第一</h3><p>要了解客户的以下信息：</p><ul><li>公司规模 </li><li>企业性质</li><li>资金实力</li><li>预期采购量和年采购量</li><li>过去的采购渠道</li><li>目标市场</li><li>销售价格</li><li>市场策略</li><li>从事的行业</li><li>海关政策</li><li>进口关税</li></ul><p>报价要为客户量身定做，对不同的客户采用不同的方案，要有针对性，要字里行间体现自己的专业和公司的优势。</p><h3 id="图片第二"><a href="#图片第二" class="headerlink" title="图片第二"></a>图片第二</h3><p>图片相当重要，因为客户打开报价单第一眼看到的就是图片，其次是价格，然后在随便看看描述和外箱资料，再次才看其他内容。</p><p>假如我的产品是 60 分，通过准确的报价单、详细的描述和各种细节的把握能把印象分达到 80，如果再加上一张精美、专业的图片可能可以直接冲到 120 分。</p><p>拍摄的角度、光线，图片的大小、色调、尺寸等都很讲究。一张好的图片往往胜过很多文字描述，能让客户从图片中得到他想知道的大部分元素，如重量、尺寸、颜色在图片上都有详细标注。有必要的话，还要单独拍摄包装图片、外箱图片，然后合成在一张图片中。</p><p>一款产品的报价并不只是一张图片，也可以是 photo group，这跟 mail group 的道理一样。可以通过一系列的图片，给人很直观的印象，在加上文字描述、就不容易有很大的误解。</p><h3 id="价格第三"><a href="#价格第三" class="headerlink" title="价格第三"></a>价格第三</h3><p>价格的合算要考虑到尽可能多信息，如：</p><ul><li>汇率问题</li><li>原材料的市场状况。如果原材料波动很大，或者汇率近期内不稳定，那就有必要在 REMARK 里加注“附加条款”。比如这个价格基于原材料的那个价格去见，当原材料浮动超过多少个点，我们需要调整价格；报价还基于人民币和美元之间的哪个结汇点，如果汇率浮动超过多少个点，我们也需要调整价格，等等。只要把这些影响价格的因素实现考虑进去，放在备注里，一旦你到时涨价，只要有理由实现告知，客户就算不高兴，也不会觉得你不专业，没法抓你把柄。</li><li>人工成本的情况。</li></ul><p>根据我的习惯，一般回把报价有效期延长到 1 年甚至更久，这样客户有充分的时间来做市场方案以及安排采购计划。如果价格有效期很短或者不写有效期，客户跟终端客户商量了几个月，最终准备下单，你在调整价格，客户会崩溃！</p><h3 id="内容第四"><a href="#内容第四" class="headerlink" title="内容第四"></a>内容第四</h3><p>内容尽量要丰富，要考虑到客户需要的各种信息，要让客户看了以后不仅没有这方面的问题可问，还觉得你解决了他很多不知道的问题。如，你要的是电磁炉，目标客户是美国人，报价单需要包含：</p><ul><li>品名</li><li>货号</li><li>尺寸</li><li>重量</li><li>功率</li><li>功能</li><li>材料</li><li>认证</li><li>测试</li><li>是否有第三方报告</li><li>能否通过 drop test(摔箱测试)</li><li>产品使用年限</li><li>包装资料</li><li>毛净重</li><li>体积</li><li>装箱量等</li></ul><h3 id="细节第五"><a href="#细节第五" class="headerlink" title="细节第五"></a>细节第五</h3><p>要做到专业，对于细节的把握就必须精益求精，甚至苛刻。要让客户感觉到你的努力，感觉到你的专心、专注和专业。</p><p>下面是一个报价单范例：</p><p><img src="http://lifeimages.qiniudn.com/pricing.jpg" alt="" height="400"></p><h2 id="谈判"><a href="#谈判" class="headerlink" title="谈判"></a>谈判</h2><p>谈判中经常会卡在某个问题上无法进展下去，使得谈判陷入讲句，比如价格超过了客户的承受范围，或者交期问题。碰到这样的问题时，要换位思考，寻求双赢，不纠结雨细枝末节，在不影响大原则的前提下，可以通过适当的妥协来寻求更多的机会。</p><p>比如客户只接受 L/C 或者远期付款，而我们的原则是 30% 定金的 T/T。如果客户的实力可信，比且可以在汇丰银行开立即期信用证，并以信用证为抵押，带一部分钱出来，然后找保险公司对交易做第三方担保，这样也可以接受。</p><h3 id="价格"><a href="#价格" class="headerlink" title="价格"></a>价格</h3><p>谈价格是谁都绕不开的问题，跟供应商、客户、货代、船公司、快递公司都需要谈价格。在大多数情况下，价格是影响订单和成交的一个重要因素。</p><p>价值除了成本和利润以外，还跟品质、品牌、服务、口碑、工艺、外形、设计、细节、未来升值预期等因素相关，这些为附加值。</p><p>价格 ＝ 成本 + 理论 + 附加值</p><p>供求关系是外部条件，我们很难去影响和控制，我们能做的，就是在这 3 个环节中下功夫。很多供应商忽略了附加值的关系，只会降低成本，降低利润，这样就会觉得外贸越来越难做，订单越来越难接。</p><p>在不具备独特的产品、特殊的设计、自己的核心技术和专利，很大的工厂和强大的生产能力的情况下，价格谈判的好坏直接决定了你的利润，甚至能不能拿订单。</p><h3 id="报价前的准备"><a href="#报价前的准备" class="headerlink" title="报价前的准备"></a>报价前的准备</h3><p>比如收到一个美国进口商要订购 30 000 把沙滩椅，然你报价。你应该了解一下几个方面的问题：</p><ul><li>客户是不是专业做户外用品的？</li><li>他原来采购些什么产品？</li><li>以往有没有采购过沙滩椅？</li><li>这个客户的潜力有多大？</li><li>这款产品一般在美国买什么价格？</li><li>平时别的客户采购价大致多少？</li><li>我的同行可能报出什么样的价格？</li><li>有哪些可能影响价格的细节问题需要注意？</li><li>什么样的包装适合美国市场？</li><li>你的供应商给你的价格算好吗？在国内同行里算那种水平？</li></ul><h3 id="对产品和行业的专业"><a href="#对产品和行业的专业" class="headerlink" title="对产品和行业的专业"></a>对产品和行业的专业</h3><ul><li>你的产品在同行里边吗处于哪种层次？价格在哪个水平线上？</li><li>你的目标市场有哪些客户？</li><li>要让客户觉得你对国际市场行情及当地的市场很了解，能够对他有针对性地提出好的建议。</li><li>建立买家档案，细化到客户询价的产品，对方的联系人和时间等。</li><li>不要歧视小订单。大客户，如 Wal-Mart（沃尔玛）、Target（塔吉特，美国第二大零售商）、Home Deport（美国家得宝公司）、Sears（美国著名零售商）、J. C. Penney(彭尼，美国零售企业)，Besy buy(内国消费电子零售商)，WOOLWORTH(沃尔沃斯，澳大利亚视频零售店)、Kroger（美国克罗格公司）等卖家，也是有很多小订单的。拒绝一张小订单可能拒绝了一个良好的打入大卖家供应链的机会。</li></ul><h3 id="效率"><a href="#效率" class="headerlink" title="效率"></a>效率</h3><p>并不是最快的回复就是最好的。如果不能及时回复，可以延长 1-2 天，但最好实现通知客户，让他知道你在帮他做事情，但由于某些细节需要确认，所有整个方案需要某某时候才能有最终答复。这样跟客户保持互动，客户就能知道你具体的进展。</p><ul><li>第一时间给客户答复，能报价就给初准确的报价，展示不能报价也要给客户答复，告知具体的工作进展和能给出最终答复的时间。</li><li>注意时差。迎合客户的时间，争取一天内多几个邮件往来。</li><li>图片要非常准确，以免产生误解。</li><li>报价单必须详细到位。如尺寸，外箱等。</li><li>第一时间报价后，如果有东西需要补充，就立刻跟进一封邮件。提供了准确的图片和报价单后，一般还回跟进一封邮件，把这款产品其他客户的包装设计稿发给客户。一方面给客户参考，另一方面也是增强自己产品销售良好的说服力。发送两封邮件能增加曝光率，并且不至让附件尺寸太大。而且两封邮件的间隔时间不能太久，这就是效率。</li></ul><h3 id="报价"><a href="#报价" class="headerlink" title="报价"></a>报价</h3><p>报价要嘘嘘试试，不要轻易让人看出你的底牌，不管这个人是你的同行，还是潜在客户。只要遵循这个规则，才能尽量在价格上占据主动位置。</p><ul><li><p>消弱参照物法。让客户很难找到参照物，使价格没有可比性。</p><p>  比如太阳能等，工厂报价为每个 4 元，彩盒包装，这个时候如何给客户报价？有报 0.8 美元的，也有报 1.8 美元的，利润从 10% 到 200% 的都有。我报给每个客户的价格都不一样。我不会原封不动按照工厂的数据报出去，我会给客户方案，比如 40 个产品做一个展示盒，展示盒如何设计，可以把以前给大买家做的图片发给客户，告诉他如何改动在超市里摆放回更漂亮。另外，我还给他做好 banner 和 slogan(广告语)，将一整套的销售策略做好，等他确定如何改动。客户跟别的同行询价时，同行很难给出准确的报价。</p><p>  收到询价后不一定非要打破砂锅问到底，把所有细节都弄清楚后再报价，以为这样比较准确。客户不一定有所有的信息。如果此时客户给你别人的方案发给你，让你去核价，此时就会很被动。如果给出方案的那个人是你，这样你就纠结的就是你的同行，让他按照你的游戏规则玩下去。</p></li><li><p>大卖家鼓励法。</p><p>  很多客户都知道大卖家，同行也当中的大客户和致命客户能让很多人心生敬仰。如果你和大卖家有过合作，更能够取信你正在开发的潜在客户。</p><p>  如果把前面的消弱参照物法和大买家鼓励发合起来试用，很是时候会有惊人的效果。</p><p>  如果有客户给我一张引诱一个拖把的图片，要我询价。我一般会给出我们出货比较好的产品，包括说明书、彩盒设计稿、PDQ 图片，还有价格和外箱资料等。如果图片带有致命大买家的 LOGO，那说服力更强。最后我还会补一句：如果您要和图片一模一样的产品，我们很乐意帮你 sourcing（询价），或者研究开模生产，请提供进一步的详细资料。</p></li><li><p>捆绑策略法。不是把几个产品放在一起捆绑销售，而是利用自己的品牌把自己和客户捆绑起来，让他很难独善其身。</p><p>  试想，如果他的商店买的是你的产品，架子上是你的牌子，如果那天突然要换，消费这会习惯吗？</p><p>  我曾经帮一个大买家设计一系列文具类产品的所有纸卡，同时产品给他最低价，条件是他要将该文具一整个系列的订单全部给我，而且要打我的品牌。我给他的回报是，所有的纸卡都有同一个工厂做，我另外找包装厂统一包装，首先不会有色差，而且纸卡的品质都相当接近，客户很满意。几个月后，我把其中的一部分产品涨价，客户不接受也得接受，否则他不下其中的机框订单，他的货架就不整齐，就不是同意的纸卡、色调和品牌。</p><p>  一个集成订单，很多产品我困着做，大部分只保住成本，少部分加利润甚至高利润。客户一旦做起来，半年或一年后，把以前亏的那部分全部涨回来，客户就处于被动位置。如果他要终止跟我的合同，把所有的文具系列换掉，这不是半年一年能搞定的。这个时候我如果适当地跟客户的买手搞好关系，搞定他们，那几乎就没有问题了，生意可以做得很长久。</p><p>  有些客户会问，你们能不能接受 OEM（贴牌生产）或 ODM（设计生产），有没有自己的品牌。这时，一定要给出肯定的答复：我们可以贴牌，同时也有自己的品牌。另外，一定要想办法让客户用你们自己的品牌，这样才能达到捆绑策略的效果。甚至，可以考虑给客户适当降一些价格，多给一些优惠，尽量让他们选择你的牌子。</p></li><li><p>狮子大开口法。</p><p>  如果你的产品相对比较冷门，竞争的同行不是太多，那不放试一试这招。但是你一定要对产品、行情，特别是目标市场有很准确的了解。</p><p>  对于有经验的买手来说，不论你报的价格是高是低，他都会说很高，要求你降价。大部分买家买的不是“便宜”，而是“占便宜”。</p><p>  只要你的产品够冷门，同行很少，你也知道国外的售价，这个时候可以搞那么一点差异化，然后报个好价格，静待客户还价，然后一轮一轮谈判。不要害怕把价格吓走，你不谈怎么知道不可以呢？</p><p>  “谈判桌旁的结果在很大程度上取决于一个人夸大自己要求的能力。” </p><p>  这一招不仅可以用户报价，也可以用于砍价。</p></li></ul><h3 id="价格博弈"><a href="#价格博弈" class="headerlink" title="价格博弈"></a>价格博弈</h3><p>要尽量避免“囚徒困境”，避免恶意竞争的价格战。可以运用“附加值”的方式，努力体现和发挥自己的长处，做差异化，弥补短板，转移客户的注意力，提高专业和服务。比如：</p><ul><li>公司把售后服务外包给了美国的一个第三方公司，有免费的 24 小时 800 电话服务，一旦衬衫有问题可以随时致电。</li><li>C 公司在美国注册了自己的品牌，一旦衬衫有问题便承担所有责任，不会给美国采购商的公司和品牌抹黑。</li><li>使用的面料是韩国进口的，有相关进口文件和采购证明等，所有成本上略高。</li></ul><p>谈判是一场心理战，不仅要给出专业的意见，还需要沉得住气。要站在客户的立场上，为他量身定做适合他的方案。</p><p>在谈判中，要尽量少问“我们该怎么做？”或者“您要我们怎么做？”，而是要多用肯定的祈使句，如“我们建议您”或者“根据我们的经验，有以下几个方案供您参考”。</p><p>不要贸然询问客户的目标价，贸然问的一方必然会吃亏。要沉住气，不要贸然降价。如果此时你降价或者询问客户的目标价，客户肯定会把价格压得很低。</p><p>要把握对方心里，根据情况来改变销售和应对策略，要做好持久战的准备。多轮拉锯战后，往往能坚持下来的就能赢下订单。</p><h3 id="准备大单"><a href="#准备大单" class="headerlink" title="准备大单"></a>准备大单</h3><ul><li>渠道。大卖家通常都是一些大公司，器内部往往有很多部门，很多组织，所以 buyer 在很大程度上决定了订单的流向。但这些渠道想城市地下的水管一样，很难弄清楚起点在哪里，中间有多少个弯，要流向哪里。所有我们能做的就是尽可能多接受不同的客户，不仅是欧美的终端客户，二妹的进口商、中间商、贸易商、分销商，或者是中国港台地区、新加坡、印度的贸易公司，还有国内的采购办事处和外国贸易公司等，都有可能直接或者简洁接触到大卖家。</li><li>人脉。做生意说白了就是靠人，只要有强大的关系网，有一大批稳定的供应商，有一大群优质的潜在客户，那生意自然就做起来了。要慢慢培养和建立自己的人脉，比如接触尽可能多的客户、工厂、国内的同行、测试机构的朋友、外伤国内采购办的员工等。国内同行虽然很多时候是竞争对手，但未尝不能合作，比如客户采购的新东西我做不了，但是你能做，我就可以介绍给你，你的客户有信的项目你没兴趣，也可以分享给我。</li><li><p>谈判。开发大买家，前期的谈判很艰难，需要相互之间的沟通和了解，这个过程可能很长，甚至会持续几年。不仅如此，还可能有无数的问题伴随而来，很多的细节要一点一点去谈。如</p><ul><li>产品</li><li>交期</li><li>样品</li><li>前期投入</li><li>打样时间</li><li>样色</li><li>包装</li><li>起订量</li><li>报价有效期</li><li>付款方式</li><li>售后服务</li><li>生产方的资质</li><li>双方的业务对接</li><li>不同的联络人的工作内容</li><li><p>做不完的 paperwork（日常文书工作），填不完的表格，几百页的全英文供应商要求手册，上百也的 shipping guideline(装运指南)等等</p><p>任何一个环节除了问题，都有可能使得谈判就此结束，所有的投入都白费。</p></li></ul></li><li><p>研究。investigation，详细的调查，进一切可能掌握更多的信息，参考如报价前的准备的那些信息。</p></li><li>行业经验以及对所经营的区域市场的了解。</li><li>接待客户的、打样、运费的投入。</li><li>验厂。</li><li>测试。</li><li>验货。</li></ul><h3 id="迂回前进的价格谈判"><a href="#迂回前进的价格谈判" class="headerlink" title="迂回前进的价格谈判"></a>迂回前进的价格谈判</h3><p>F: C, that’s incredible! Your price is too high!</p><p>C: Frank, please, that’s actually our best offer! I think it is very competitive in Germany.</p><p>F: Joking? You quote me EUR2.35, but my competitor bought from a middle man in Austria, just EUR 2.15!</p><p>C: Hey, I also wanna support you to expand your market, but the price… Could you please send me a sample for evaluation? I’ll check why their price is too low.</p><p>F: C, listen! I don’t have time! The promotion date is Jul. 15th, we have just two month!</p><p>C: What about doing a little change? For example, using silk printing instead of heat transfer, and using super heavy duty batteries instead of alkaline ones, the price will be EUR 2.05 then. If OK, I’ll send you PI right now.</p><p>F: That’s great! But if using super heavy duty battery, the quality maybe weak.</p><p>C: Well, just changing the printing, but keep alkaline ones, EUR2.15/pc, okay?</p><p>F: Please do EUR2.00, I’ll give you order! 3000pcs!</p><p>C: Give you 3% discount, EUR2.09/pc, 6000pcs.</p><p>F: You killed me! The quantity is too much!</p><p>C: OK, keep EUR2.35/pc, 4000pcs fixed, but we accept the freight to Hamburg.</p><p>F: Really? CIF Hamburg? But I just can place 3000pcs.</p><p>C: NO, C&amp;F, you pay the 1% insurance. 4000pcs will be accepted.</p><p>F: OK, 4000pcs. Please help me for the insurance…</p><p>C: Let me talk with my boss, pls hold on…</p><p>F: Sure…</p><p>C: Confirmed! Please check the mail I sent you 1 min before, please confirm the PI by return today! We need to arrage the mass rpoduction at once!</p><p>F: OK, I’ll confirm soon.</p><p>C: not “soon”, today is a must! Because of the tight time for manufacturing. Come on… Free display boxes will be delivered together with goods. I think that’s good for your promotion!</p><p>F: Free PDQ? That’s amazing, thank you. C! I appreciate for your kind help.</p><p>C: My friend, don’t hesitate, sign it right now. We’re  also pretty busy this month, please give me plenty of time for mass production.</p><p>F: Sure, sure, I will… Please pay more attention to the quality and ETD. Thank you!</p><p>C: You are welcome. Bye.</p><p>F: Nice talking with you. Bye!</p><h2 id="付款方式"><a href="#付款方式" class="headerlink" title="付款方式"></a>付款方式</h2><h3 id="T-T"><a href="#T-T" class="headerlink" title="T/T"></a>T/T</h3><p>T/T(Telegraphic Transfer): 电汇，又称 wire transfer，是指汇出行应汇款人申请，解付一部分狂想给收款人。这是贸易中最常见的付款方式，也是被广大同行工人的最便捷、中间程序最少、最直接的方式。</p><p>在一般的国际贸易中， 大部分的 T/T 都是有定金的，知识比率不同，少则 5%，多则 50%，要根据实际情况和具体产品而定。</p><p>T/T 有两个缺点：</p><ul><li><p>尾款的收取。</p><p>  目前有两种方法收取尾款：</p><ul><li>第一种是客户在货生产完成后验货，没问题就付款，然后供应商出货，也就是是俗称的“贷款提货”；</li><li><p>第二种是货完成后验货、出货，客户在收到提单复印件后付款，然后供应商提供整本提单，供客户在目的港清关、收货。</p><p>如果贷款提货，客户承担了大部分风险，如果供应商收到钱后不发货怎么办？如果见提单复印件付款，那供应商就被迫承担了大部分风险，客户见到提单复印件后不给钱，通过指定货代私自将货提走，或者有意等货物到港后以不提货相威胁，或者随便找点理由要求供应商打折处理，这时候可咋整？</p><p>尽管世界上大多数都是正当商人，但难免回有奸商存在。随时可以打旷日持久的国际官司，但基本都是劳心劳力，只是为了争一口气。</p></li></ul></li><li><p>大订单的付款安排。主要是定金的问题，对于大单，让客户打 30% 的订金，客户自然会有顾虑。如果定金太少，对于供应商来说又是杯水车薪。如果目标市场发生变化，客户不要这批货了，客户的损失少，供应商的损失会很大。</p><p>  尽管目前很多订单的操作会 split payment(分期付款)，如先定合同，付 3% 的定金给工厂备料，客户或第三方杨过这批采购的原料再付 7%，工厂开始生产，再做几次 in-line inspection(中期验货)，比如货物完成 30% 时验一次，付 10% 的货款，完成 60% 时再验一次，再付 10% 的余款；完货后再做 final inspection(尾款验货)，再付 30%，最后出货见提单复印件后再付剩余的 40% 的尾款。</p><p>  可是风险依然不小，比如 40% 的尾款的收取。</p></li></ul><p>所以，对于大订单，T/T 这种付款方式就有些捉襟见肘了。</p><h2 id="L-C"><a href="#L-C" class="headerlink" title="L/C"></a>L/C</h2><p>L/C(Letter of Credit): 信用证，在日本和台湾也叫信用状，指的是开证行应申请人要求和指示，向第三方开立的载有一定金额的、在一定期限内符合规定的单据付款的书面保证文件。</p><p>简单说就是客户通知当地的银行，有当地银行出面给供应商出具一份文件，上面写好要求和金额，这就是信用证。只要供应商根据要求提供了上面列明的各种文件，做到这些条款银行确定无误后就回把钱议付给供应商。</p><p>信用证是国际每一种最复杂的付款方式，银行为买卖双方提供担保，是相对较为安全的付款方式。</p><p>信用证可大致分为一下几类：</p><ol><li>安开证行所负责人，分为可撤销信用证和不可撤销信用证。UPC600 规定央行不能开立可撤销信用证。</li><li>按有无第三方银行对信用证做出担保，分为保兑信用证和不保兑信用证。</li><li>按付款时间不同，分为即期信用证、远期信用证和假远期信用证。假远期信用证市政开证行开出信用证但又条款规定付款行负责贴现，其中的一切利息和费用由开证人承担。对于供应商，并不受影响，还是属于 at sight(即期)的范畴。</li><li>按手一人对于信用证可否转让，分为课转让信用证和不可转让信用证。</li><li>按信用证议付是否要求随附货运单据，课分为跟单信用证和光票信用证。</li></ol><p>目前大部分信用证都是跟单信用证（Documentary Credit），一般客户都需要供应商把提单、发票、箱单、原产地等文件在议付的时候交给银行，银行审核后付款。光票信用证使用很少，因为条款不要求货运凭证，可能只需要发票、箱单或者几份别的单据而已，缺少物权凭证提交给银行，安全收货就会缺少保障。</p><p>用得最多的无非两种，一种是即期信用证，也是就我们上说的 L/C at sight; 另一种是远期信用证，比如说 L/C 60 days 等。</p><p>缺点：</p><ul><li>手续复杂繁琐。</li><li>软条款的问题。</li><li>不符点。</li></ul><h2 id="论坛"><a href="#论坛" class="headerlink" title="论坛"></a>论坛</h2>]]></content>
    
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        &lt;h2 id=&quot;网站&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;#网站&quot; class=&quot;headerlink&quot; title=&quot;网站&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;网站&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ref &lt;www.rambotech.com&gt;&lt;/www.rambotech.com&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;See &lt;a href=&quot;http:/
      
    
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      <category term="Trade" scheme="http://blog.inesoi.com/categories/Trade/"/>
    
    
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  <entry>
    <title>箱包 - 分类</title>
    <link href="http://blog.inesoi.com/bag-category.html"/>
    <id>http://blog.inesoi.com/bag-category.html</id>
    <published>2015-03-29T16:00:00.000Z</published>
    <updated>2018-08-19T10:09:33.794Z</updated>
    
    <content type="html"><![CDATA[<p>See <a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/491512.htm" target="_blank" rel="external">箱包</a></p><p>中国轻革加工居世界首位。皮具产品的出口额连续多年居轻工行业第一位，中国正日益成为国际品牌皮具的加工生产基地，生产工艺已完全达到国际先进水平。经过几十年的快速发展，皮具产品极大丰富。同时中国也是箱包生产大国，国内已经形成广东花都、福建泉州、浙江平湖和河北白沟四大包袋生产制造基地。</p><h2 id="分类"><a href="#分类" class="headerlink" title="分类"></a>分类</h2><p>箱包产品在国际商品协调制度编码（HS）中已有明确的分类。国家质量标准领域对箱包的分类又是从用途角度。所以，我国对箱包的界定与国际通行的分类不甚统一。</p><ol><li><p>按款式来分</p><p> 手袋、单肩包、斜背包、手提包、钱包、背包等</p></li><li><p>按功能来分</p><p> 公文包、电脑包、摄像包、医用包、旅行包、化妆箱等</p></li><li><p>按材质来分</p><p> 真皮包、pu包、pvc包、帆布包、布包等</p></li><li><p>按箱体来分</p><p> 拉杆包、工具包、行李箱、手提箱等</p></li></ol><p>一般女包内部 后幅一个拉链袋，前幅手机袋、卡袋，给出自己的方案，然后问客人还有哪些要求。</p><h2 id="护理保养"><a href="#护理保养" class="headerlink" title="护理保养"></a>护理保养</h2><h3 id="护理"><a href="#护理" class="headerlink" title="护理"></a>护理</h3><p>很多时候，箱包变脏、变色或磨损了，并不是由于使用时间过长而引起的，有可能仅仅是我们使用过程中没有注意而造成的。爱包的人一定都会有一些这方面的经验教训，知道平时在使用箱包的时候该留意哪些问题。</p><ol><li>如果手上容易出汗，最好尽量用胳膊挎包或者肩膀背包，而少用手拎包，否则汗液容易在箱包的手柄留下污渍。</li><li>在箱包内存放锋利的物品时，一定要将锋利物品完整地包装起来再放。而那些有割破、弄坏箱包之嫌的物品最好不要放在宝贝箱包里。不要硬塞或放过重的物品，否则会使箱包变形或损坏。</li><li>在开关箱包的锁件时，千万不要在锁里夹杂异物，这样会损坏箱包的五金件。</li><li>不要在箱包上粘贴标签或粘胶带，这样很容易造成在扯掉时剥落表皮。</li><li>使用手袋包时尽量让手袋避免与牛仔面料的衣服频繁摩擦，因为会很容易发生染色的现象。</li><li>雨雪天气，尽量避免使用翻毛皮、磨砂皮、绒面皮之类皮质的箱包，因为一旦大面积沾水会很难打理，而且皮质还会变硬。</li><li>长时间直射光线及暖气，会使箱包脱色、变色以及变形。应尽量避免箱包与阳光、暖气长时间接触。</li></ol><h3 id="收纳时"><a href="#收纳时" class="headerlink" title="收纳时"></a>收纳时</h3><ol><li>过季要收藏的箱包，最好在收纳前先进行清洁和护理，一定要在包内放入干净的填充物(例如：碎纸团或棉衫)，以保持皮包的形状，然后再将皮包放进防尘袋中进行收藏。</li><li>收纳箱包的柜子必须保持良好的通风，最好是有百叶窗的衣帽间或者衣柜，柜子里最好不要放太多的物品。若是潮湿的环境，可放少许防潮珠于包内。</li></ol><h3 id="紧急情况"><a href="#紧急情况" class="headerlink" title="紧急情况"></a>紧急情况</h3><ol><li>如果不小心把箱包弄湿了，正确的处理方法应该是先用干布吸去箱包上的水分，然后再放到阴凉处让它自然风干。千万不要把湿了的皮包直接放在阳光下暴晒或用风筒吹，也不能放在冷气旁边吹，不然会出现皮料爆裂的现象。</li><li>若发现箱包有污渍，千万不要用化学产品自行擦拭。不同的皮革制品有完全不同的处理方法，自行处理反而容易损伤皮包，最好是拿到专业的皮具养护机构进行清洁或修理。而且，皮革本身的天然油脂会随着时间愈久或使用次数过多而渐渐减少，因此即使是很高级的皮件也需要定期做保养。</li></ol><h3 id="清洗技巧"><a href="#清洗技巧" class="headerlink" title="清洗技巧"></a>清洗技巧</h3><p>箱包根据材质不同分为皮质箱包和布质箱包，有不同的保养和清洗方法。</p><h3 id="皮质箱包保养"><a href="#皮质箱包保养" class="headerlink" title="皮质箱包保养"></a>皮质箱包保养</h3><ol><li>不可用水洗，日打理包面上的尘污正确的方式是用干布蘸清水或清洁液擦拭；</li><li>擦拭皮质箱包要顺着毛皮的方向；</li><li>皮质箱包清洁及保养时使用的护理品不能带有酸性或碱性成分，也不可含有易挥发成分；</li><li>过季收纳皮质箱包，要摆放在具有通风条件的柜子里，收纳时要注意避免箱包被挤压、扭曲、霉蛀等。</li></ol><h3 id="布质箱包保养"><a href="#布质箱包保养" class="headerlink" title="布质箱包保养"></a>布质箱包保养</h3><ol><li>清洗布质箱包时，应将包带拆卸下来再清洗；</li><li>清洗布质箱包时，要防止面料褪色；</li><li>如果布质箱包沾染较深污垢，可在清洗时加入少许苏打水。</li></ol><h2 id="标准名词"><a href="#标准名词" class="headerlink" title="标准名词"></a>标准名词</h2><h3 id="标准名词-1"><a href="#标准名词-1" class="headerlink" title="标准名词"></a>标准名词</h3><table><thead><tr><th>部位</th><th>解释</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>箱体</td><td>箱子成型后的主体部分</td></tr><tr><td>箱面</td><td>指箱子的面层</td></tr><tr><td>箱帮</td><td>前帮、后帮、侧帮各部所的有部件（或称箱墙）</td></tr><tr><td>箱壳</td><td>各类箱子的内胎</td></tr><tr><td>箱盖</td><td>指盖帮和大面结合好的在箱子上起作用的部件</td></tr><tr><td>箱底</td><td>底帮和大面结合好的主要起装纳衣物作用的部件</td></tr><tr><td>箱里</td><td>箱子里面粘贴的内衬部件</td></tr><tr><td>线迹</td><td>箱、包上缝纫线的轨迹</td></tr><tr><td>走轮</td><td>箱、包上起滚动作用的各种轮子</td></tr><tr><td>箱口</td><td>指箱底、箱盖开口间装配的铝口、铁口、木口</td></tr><tr><td>箱把</td><td>箱子上专为手提的部件</td></tr><tr><td>拉带</td><td>开启后，起拉住箱盖作用的带子</td></tr><tr><td>前面</td><td>软箱、软包前部所有的部件</td></tr><tr><td>后面</td><td>软箱、软包底部所有的部件</td></tr><tr><td>墙子</td><td>软包起围子作用、连接前面、后面的部件</td></tr><tr><td>外兜</td><td>软箱、软包外面帮把、扣兜的总称</td></tr><tr><td>牙子</td><td>缝纫于帮墙与大面之间突出的配件（或称嵌线）</td></tr><tr><td>里兜</td><td>箱、包产品内部各种各样式小兜的总称</td></tr><tr><td>背带</td><td>箱、包上起肩背作用的带子</td></tr><tr><td>拢带</td><td>子内部安装的起拢住衣物作用的带子</td></tr><tr><td>提把</td><td>箱、包上专为手提的部件的通称</td></tr><tr><td>架子口</td><td>包类产品开口处镶嵌的金属口</td></tr><tr><td>牵引带</td><td>箱类产品上牵引专用的带子</td></tr><tr><td>塑料筋</td><td>箱子上起紧固、装饰作用的塑料绷条</td></tr></tbody></table>]]></content>
    
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        &lt;p&gt;See &lt;a href=&quot;http://baike.baidu.com/view/491512.htm&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; rel=&quot;external&quot;&gt;箱包&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;中国轻革加工居世界首位。皮具产品的出口额连续多年居轻工行业第一位，中国正日益成
      
    
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      <category term="Bag" scheme="http://blog.inesoi.com/categories/Bag/"/>
    
    
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  <entry>
    <title>箱包材料</title>
    <link href="http://blog.inesoi.com/bag-material.html"/>
    <id>http://blog.inesoi.com/bag-material.html</id>
    <published>2015-03-22T16:00:00.000Z</published>
    <updated>2018-08-19T10:09:33.794Z</updated>
    
    <content type="html"><![CDATA[<p>See <a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/2608219.htm" target="_blank" rel="external">箱包材料</a></p><h2 id="面料"><a href="#面料" class="headerlink" title="面料"></a>面料</h2><p>一般对面料的描述不是很详细，只说是 CORDURA 还是 HD。它所说的仅仅是一种纺织方法。如果比较详细的描述应该是材料+纤维度+纺织方法。比如：<em>N. 1000D CORDURA</em>，就是说是 1000D 的尼龙 CORDURA 料。</p><p>先说材料，一般用在包上的面料的原材料是 Nylon 和 Poly 两种，偶尔也用两种料混在一起用的。Nylon 是尼龙，Poly 是聚乙烯，这两种料都是从石油中提炼出来的，Nylon 要比 Poly 质量更好一点，当然也就贵一点了。从面料上来说，Nylon 手感更柔软一些。</p><h2 id="纱"><a href="#纱" class="headerlink" title="纱"></a>纱</h2><p><em>纱的丹尼数</em>：取长 9000 公尺的纱，若重 70克 称 70克，210克 称 210克，依此类推。丹尼数越高，纱越粗，布越厚(通常用于长纤纱)。</p><p>D 前面的数字越小，它的线就细，密度也就越小。比如 210D 的料，纹路特别细，一般当作包的里子或者是隔层。而 900D 或 1000D 的料纹路粗，线也粗，很耐磨，一般当作包底用。</p><p><em>纱的支数</em>：取 1 磅重的纱，其长度为840码的几倍长，即称为几支纱，若长为840码的10倍长即称为10支纱，若有840码的20倍长即称20支纱，依此类推。支数越大表示纱越细(通常用于短纤纱)。</p><h3 id="纱的种类"><a href="#纱的种类" class="headerlink" title="纱的种类"></a>纱的种类</h3><p><strong>依材质分：</strong></p><ol><li><p>自然纤维</p><ul><li>植物纤维：棉(COTTON)，麻(JUTE、LINEN、RAMIE)</li><li>动物纤维：毛(WOOL)，丝(SILK)</li></ul></li><li><p>合成纤维</p><ul><li>尼龙(锦纶)(NYLON) </li><li>特多龙(涤纶)(POLYESTER又叫TETRON) </li><li>亚克力(ACRYLIC) </li><li>聚丙烯(PP) </li><li>聚乙烯(PE)</li></ul></li><li><p>人造纤维</p><ul><li><ruby>嫘<rt>léi</rt></ruby><ruby>萦<rt>yíng</rt></ruby>(RAYON)又叫人造棉 </li><li>人造丝(VISCOSE)</li></ul></li><li><p>混纺纤维</p><p> 长/短纤混纺纱，有T/R T/C两种</p></li></ol><p><strong>以亮度分：</strong></p><ul><li>半光纱</li><li>有光纱</li><li>三角亮光纱</li></ul><p><strong>以加工分：</strong></p><ol><li><p>原丝(未加工)</p><ul><li>UDY(无延伸) </li><li>POY(半延伸) </li><li>FOY(全延伸)</li></ul></li><li><p>加工丝</p></li><li>纺纱</li><li>包袱纱</li></ol><p><strong>以纱的股数分</strong></p><ul><li>单股 </li><li>双股 </li><li>多股</li></ul><h3 id="纱材质的分辨"><a href="#纱材质的分辨" class="headerlink" title="纱材质的分辨"></a>纱材质的分辨</h3><ol><li>棉：立即燃烧，火焰稳定，逐渐熄灭，生白烟，烧焦味，灰色灰烬，SOFT.</li><li>嫘萦：立即燃烧，火焰稳定，立即熄灭，生白烟，烧焦味，无灰烬，SOFT.</li><li>尼龙：先收缩卷曲融化，逐渐燃烧，生白烟，似芹菜味，灰色硬块，有光泽。</li><li>特多龙：先收缩卷曲融化，逐渐燃烧，生黑烟，臭味，黑色硬块，无光泽。</li><li>PE：先收缩卷曲融化后立即燃烧，生黑烟，石蜡味，黄褐色硬块。</li><li>PP：先融化后迅速燃烧，火焰跳动，生黑烟，刺鼻味，黑色不规则硬块。</li></ol><h3 id="绒布"><a href="#绒布" class="headerlink" title="绒布"></a>绒布</h3><p>绒布是经拉毛机将 <em>纱</em> 体的纤维拉出纱体外，均匀地覆盖在织物表面，使织物呈现出丰润绒毛地棉织物。为常用材料。绒布的起绒是靠拉绒机钢丝针尖多次反复作用，在坯布布面上拉起一部分纤维形成 的绒毛，要求短密匀。绒布分单面绒和双面绒，单面绒的织物组织以 2/2 斜纹为主， 也称哔叽绒； 双面绒的织物组织以平纹为主。</p><h3 id="牛仔布"><a href="#牛仔布" class="headerlink" title="牛仔布"></a>牛仔布</h3><p>牛仔布是以纯棉靛兰染色的经纱与本色的纬纱，采用三上一下的右斜纹组织交织而成，一般可分为轻型，中型，和重型三类。布的宽度大多在 114-152 公分之间。</p><table><thead><tr><th>布重</th><th>克/平米</th><th>纱支粗细(英支)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>轻型</td><td>200-340克/平米(6-10盎司/平方码)</td><td>12×12以上</td></tr><tr><td>中型</td><td>340-450克/平米(10-13盎司/平方码)</td><td>10×10</td></tr><tr><td>重型</td><td>450克以上</td><td>7×6 </td></tr></tbody></table><p>牛仔布特性：</p><ol><li>纯棉粗支纱斜纹布，透湿，透气性好，穿着舒适；</li><li>质地厚实，纹路清晰经过适当处理，可以防皱防缩防变形；</li><li>靛兰是一种协调色能与各种颜色上衣相配，四季皆宜；</li><li>靛兰是一种非坚固色，越洗越淡，越淡越漂亮。 </li></ol><p>除了上述传统产品以外，还有花色牛仔布：</p><ol><li><p>采用不同原料结构的花色牛仔布;</p><ul><li>采用小比例氨纶丝(约占纱重的3-4%)作经纱的包芯弹力经纱或纬纱， 织成的弹力牛仔布；</li><li>用低比例涤纶与棉混纺作经纱，染色后产生留白效应的雪花牛仔布；</li><li>用棉麻，棉毛混纺纱制织的高级牛仔布；</li><li>用中长纤维(T/R)制织的牛仔布；</li></ul></li><li><p>采用不同加工工艺制织的花色牛仔布</p><ul><li>采用高捻纬纱制织的树皮绉牛仔布；</li><li>在经纱染色时，先用硫化或海昌兰等染料打底后再染靛兰的套染牛仔布；</li><li>在靛兰色的经纱中嵌入彩色经纱的彩条牛仔布；</li><li>在靛兰牛仔布上吊白或印花；</li></ul></li></ol><h3 id="帆布"><a href="#帆布" class="headerlink" title="帆布"></a>帆布</h3><p>帆布一种较粗厚的棉织物或麻织物，因最初用於船帆得名。一般采用平纹组织，也有少数品种采用斜纹组织，经纬纱均用多股线。粗帆布又称篷盖布，常用58号(10英支)4～7股线织制，织物坚牢耐曲折，具有良好的防水性能，用於运输汽车、露天仓库的遮盖布以及野外帐篷布等。细帆布经纬纱一般为2股58号～6股28号(10英支/2～21英支/6)，用於劳动保护服装和用品。经过染色后也用作鞋面料、旅行袋、背包和帆布箱材料等。制鞋用的细帆布有的可以织成双层组织，把鞋面和鞋里结合为一体，可提高鞋帮质量。此外，还有橡胶帆布，防热、防火、防辐射用的屏蔽帆布，造纸机用的帆布等。橡胶帆布要求经纬向强力高，经纬密度均匀，经纬线的交织间隙差异小，无油污，有利於上橡胶时胶液渗入均匀。造纸机用帆布要求布身厚实，软硬适宜，布面洁净平整，有良好的透湿性能。帆布的原料已发展到化学纤维和玻璃纤维，使帆布具有了更好的性能。</p><h3 id="R-S"><a href="#R-S" class="headerlink" title="R/S"></a>R/S</h3><p><em>R/S</em>　是 Rip stop的 简称。此面料是有小方块儿的尼龙。它的坚韧度比一般尼龙要强，面料上的方块外围是用的粗一点的线。方格中间用很细的线织成。一般有300D、330D、450D等，可以用作背包的主料，如大面，外兜等部位。反面有涂层。</p><h3 id="VELOCITY"><a href="#VELOCITY" class="headerlink" title="VELOCITY"></a>VELOCITY</h3><p><em>VELOCITY</em> 也是一种尼龙布。强度很高。一般也用在登山包上。反面有涂层。有420D或更高强度的。面料正面看起来很像Dobby。</p><h3 id="CORDURA"><a href="#CORDURA" class="headerlink" title="CORDURA"></a>CORDURA</h3><p><em>CORDURA</em> 是由杜邦公司发明的一种面料，具有轻、速干、柔软、耐久性强的功能，长时间使用也不易变色。据说此种面料在不同角度看会出现两种颜色，除了杜邦的公司其他人不知道如何生产这种料。一般用 Nylon 织成，以纤维度(Denier)为强度标准，有160D、210D、330D、420D、600D、900D、1000D等，数字越高越结实，纹路也越粗。一般160D到210D用在衣服上或者用作一般户外包的里子。这种料反面有涂层，一般的中雨不会把把料湿透。</p><h3 id="KODRA"><a href="#KODRA" class="headerlink" title="KODRA"></a>KODRA</h3><p><em>KODRA</em> 是韩国生产的一种面料。从一定程度上它可以代替 CORDURA。据说此面料的发明人原本是想研究出 CORDURA 是如何纺成的，最后没有研究出来，却发明了新的面料，这就是 KODRA。此面料一般也是用 Nylon 织成，也是以纤维度为强度标准，比如 600D、1000D。反面有涂层，和 CORDURA 差不多。</p><h3 id="OXFORD"><a href="#OXFORD" class="headerlink" title="OXFORD"></a>OXFORD</h3><p><em>OXFORD</em> 牛津纺的经线是由两股线绕织而成的，而纬线也采用的是相对比较粗的线。其纺织方法为一上一下，是很一般的纺织方法。一般为 210D、420D 的料。反面有涂层。用作包的里子或隔层。</p><h3 id="Dobby"><a href="#Dobby" class="headerlink" title="Dobby"></a>Dobby</h3><p><em>Dobby</em> 的面料好像有很多非常细小的格子组成，但仔细看的话就会发现它是由一粗一细两种线织成，正面与反面的纹路不一样。一般很少涂层。强度比CORDURA差很多，一般只用在休闲包或短途旅行包上。不用在登山包上。</p><h3 id="HD"><a href="#HD" class="headerlink" title="HD"></a>HD</h3><p>HD 是High Density的简称，高密度的意思。看面料和 OXFORD 差不多。一般为 210D、420D，通常用作包的里子或隔层。反面有涂层。</p><h3 id="TAFFETA"><a href="#TAFFETA" class="headerlink" title="TAFFETA"></a>TAFFETA</h3><p><em>TAFFETA</em> 是一种很薄的带涂层的面料，有的涂层不止一次，所以防水性能比较好。一般不做背包的主面料，只做雨衣，或者是背包的防雨罩。</p><h3 id="Poly-PU"><a href="#Poly-PU" class="headerlink" title="Poly PU"></a>Poly PU</h3><p><em>Poly PU</em> 一般用Poly代替。Poly 密度一般为64t(低)、74t(中)、82t（高）。面料从150D到1800D强度越来越强。一般强度高为600D的就可以用作登山包的包底，但是，它的纺织方法不如CORDURA结实。</p><h3 id="AIR-MESH"><a href="#AIR-MESH" class="headerlink" title="AIR MESH"></a>AIR MESH</h3><p><em>AIR MESH</em>　一般中文都叫它太空网，它与一般的网不同。它的网面与下面的料有一段空隙，一般为3mm或者更大一些。而正是这一种空隙使它具有良好的通气性能，故一般用作背带或者后背或者其他紧贴身体的地方。</p><h3 id="Mesh"><a href="#Mesh" class="headerlink" title="Mesh"></a>Mesh</h3><p><em>Mesh</em> 一般的网有很多规格，不一一介绍。尼龙网用在包上一般只放在包的两侧当作杂物兜或水兜。</p><h2 id="胚布"><a href="#胚布" class="headerlink" title="胚布"></a>胚布</h2><p>依织法分(织布机不同)：</p><ol><li>针织布：网布 美佳布 长毛绒 剪毛绒 耐磨布 KEVLA L LYCRA.</li><li>平织布：塔夫塔 牛津布 CORDURA BALLISTIC.</li><li>斜纹布：3/1斜纹 2/2斜纹 大斜 十字提花 格子布 沙丁布</li><li>提花布：色纱格子布 窗帘布 LOGO提花 床单 桌布</li><li>不织布：丽新布 针轧棉(注意厚度/码重/纹路/颜色)</li></ol><p>平织布，斜纹布，提花布都是由经纬纱上下十字交叉织成其织物结构。由经纬纱材质不同/条数不同及织法不同，可变化出各种不同规格的布。 其规格表示方法为：<br>420D(经纱丹尼数)<em>420D(纬纱丹尼数)/50T(经纱条数)</em>36T(纬纱条数)。</p><p>针织布则是由经纬纱以线环的方式互相编结而成，通常分为经编和纬编两种。常以丹尼数/码重/宽度表示其规格。</p><p>尼龙布常用规格：</p><ul><li>70D： 70D*170T+PU1 70D*190T+0.3MM PVC 70D菱形格+PU2+WR/</li><li>210D：210D*116T+PU1 210D*116T+PU2 210D*118T+0.35MM 平纹PVC</li><li>420D：420D*86T+PU2 420D*86T+0.4MM PVC 420D大斜+PU2+WR 420D十字提花PU2+WR</li><li>840D+PU2/PVC 1680D+PU2/PVC</li><li>CORDURA：500D+PU2+WR/PVC 1000D+PU2+WR/PVC</li></ul><p>特多龙布料常用规格：</p><ul><li>75D印花布+0.3MM PVC 150D人字斜+PU1 300D*110T+PU2/0.3MM PVC</li><li>600D<em>300D</em>64T+0.5MM PVC 600D<em>64T+0.55MM PVC 600D</em>76T+PU2+WR</li><li>1200D+PU2+WR/0.6MM PVC 1800D+0.65MM PVC</li></ul><p>其它常用布种规格：</p><ol><li>PP布：1000D PP平织布+PU2+WR 1200D PP斜纹布+PU2+WR 350D PP斜纹布+PU2+WR<br>PP布的特性质量轻，牢度及固色佳，强度及耐热性好，具抗污及抗菌性，且能够自然分解。</li><li>PE淋膜布：又叫PE塑胶布，是PE平织布上下两面淋膜PE形成。</li><li>经纬纱混织布： 420D<em>300D N/T 双色十字提花+PU2(有双色效果) T/麻布：300D</em>12’S/2+0.4MM PVC(进口美国的关税较低)</li></ol><h3 id="PVC-PU革"><a href="#PVC-PU革" class="headerlink" title="PVC/PU革"></a>PVC/PU革</h3><p>在我国，人们习惯将用PVC树脂为原料生产的人造革称为PVC 人造革(简称人造革);用PU树脂为原料生产的人造革称为PU 人造革(简称PU革)：用PU树脂与无纺布为原料生产的人造革称 为PU合成革(简称合成革)。<br>PVC人造革、PU合成革的区别可以用汽油浸泡的方法区别，方法是用一小块面料，放在汽油中半个小时，然后取出，如果是PVC人造革，则会变硬、变脆，如果是PU合成革，则不会变硬、变脆。</p><h3 id="无纺布"><a href="#无纺布" class="headerlink" title="无纺布"></a>无纺布</h3><p><em>无纺布</em> 的确切名称应是非织造布， 或叫不织布。 因为它是一种不需要纺纱织布而形成的织物，只是将纺织短纤维或者长丝进行定向或随机撑列，形成纤网结构，然后采用机械、热粘或化 学等方法加 固而成． 非织造布突破了传统的纺织原理， 并具有工艺流程短、 生产速度快，产量高、成本低、用途广、原料来源多等特点。</p><p>无纺布根据生产工艺的不同可以分为：</p><ol><li>水刺无纺布：是将高压微细水流喷射到一层或多层纤维网上，使纤维相互缠结在一起，从而使纤网得以加固而具备一定强力。</li><li>热合无纺布：是指在纤网中加入纤维状或粉状热熔粘合加固材料，纤网再经过加热熔融冷却加固成布。</li><li>浆粕气流成网无纺布：又可称做无尘纸、干法造纸无纺布。它是采用气流成网技术将木浆纤维板开松成单纤维状态，然后用气流方法使纤维凝集在成网帘上，纤网再加固成布。</li><li>湿法无纺布：是将置于水介质中的纤维原料开松成单纤维，同时使不同纤维原料混合，制成纤维悬浮浆，悬浮浆输送到成网机构，纤维在湿态下成网再加固成布。</li><li>纺粘无纺布：是在聚合物已被挤出、拉伸而形成连续长丝后，长丝铺设成网，纤网再经过自身粘合、热粘合、化学粘合或机械加固方法，使纤网变成无纺布。</li><li>熔喷无纺布： 其工艺过程：聚合物喂入 —</li><li>针刺无纺布：是干法无纺布的一种，针刺无纺布是利用刺针的穿刺作用，将蓬松的纤网加固成布。</li><li>缝编无纺布：是干法无纺布的一种，缝编法是利用经编线圈结构对纤网、纱线层、非纺织材料（例如塑料薄片、塑料薄金属箔等）或它们的组合体进行加固，以制成无纺布。</li></ol><p>它的主要用途大致可分为：</p><ol><li>医疗、卫生用无纺布：手术衣、防护服、消毒包布、口罩、尿片、民用抹布、擦拭布、湿面巾、魔术毛巾、柔巾卷、美容用品、卫生巾、卫生护垫及一次性卫生用布等；</li><li>家庭装饰用无纺布：贴墙布、台布、床单、床罩等；</li><li>服装用无纺布：衬里、粘合衬、絮片、定型棉、各种合成革底布 等；</li><li>工业用无纺布：过滤材料、绝缘材料、水泥包装袋、土工布、包 覆布等；</li><li>农业用无纺布：作物保护布、育秧布、灌溉布、保温幕帘等；</li><li>其它无纺布：太空棉、保温隔音材料、吸油毡、烟过滤嘴、袋包茶袋等。<br>无纺布的特点：非织造布突破了传统的纺织原理，并具有工艺流程短、 生产速度快，产量高、成本低、用途广、原料来源多等特点。</li></ol><h3 id="染整的流程"><a href="#染整的流程" class="headerlink" title="染整的流程"></a>染整的流程</h3><p>胚布→打色→配布→卷布→投染(褪浆/精炼/染色)→定型(树脂/泼水)→包装之后送印刷/上胶或贴胶。</p><ol><li>打色是应考虑后加工贴PVC</li><li>染色分常温(尼龙) 高温(特多龙/平织布/皱皱布)，要注意色牢度(日光/水洗/摩擦/抗紫外线)及非偶氮染料(欧洲共同体要求所有的布料不可含有偶氮染料)</li><li>将染出的色布送入定型机，以140~190℃的高温将纱的组织固定住，控制幅宽，手感(加树脂)，并做泼水或防火加工。</li><li><p>色布完成之后处理有以下几种：</p><ul><li>印刷：油墨(滚筒印) 糊印(转轮印) 纸印(热转印) 自动网版</li><li>热压：以高温刻有图案的滚筒接触布面形成图案</li><li>磨毛/起毛/刷毛：以砂纸/针/毛刷接触布面形成绒感毛感</li><li>上胶：在布面平均涂上一层胶水(PU/ULY/色胶/防水透湿)，以达到防水/固纱及补强的效果，要注意防水透湿的要求，胶面光雾度及手感不可太硬。</li><li><p>贴胶：主要分为PVC胶/CPU胶(即EMB胶)/TPE胶/FLEX胶等几种</p><ol><li>PVC胶：将PVC薄膜与布贴合，以达到防水固纱及强化的效果，要注意手感/纹路/厚度/耐寒低毒。</li><li>CPU胶：将CPU胶以淋膜的方式均匀的涂抹在布面同样可达到防水/补强/固纱的效果。具有低毒，可自然分解及燃烧不产生毒气等环保特性，要注意手感/纹路/胶色/耐寒等要求。</li><li>TPE/FLEX胶：目前最环保的胶，用以取代PVC/EMB等胶，TPE胶较为柔软。</li><li>贴合：指将布与PU泡棉/EVA/海棉贴合在一起，以达到补强或其它功能性的作用(垫衬/保温/耐压)</li></ol></li></ul></li></ol><h2 id="皮料"><a href="#皮料" class="headerlink" title="皮料"></a>皮料</h2><h3 id="天然皮革"><a href="#天然皮革" class="headerlink" title="天然皮革"></a>天然皮革</h3><p>构成的要素为：厚度/纹路/光雾度/上色或透染</p><ol><li>牛皮：真皮(头层皮)用于皮鞋/皮衣/高级皮件，二榔皮(二层皮)用于运动鞋等一般皮件。</li><li>羊皮：小羊皮用于皮衣/皮鞋/手套等</li><li>猪皮：一般皮件/手套</li><li>鳄鱼皮及鸵鸟皮用于高级皮件。</li></ol><p>所有天然皮革，在计料及开料时都要预抓最少30%的损耗。</p><h3 id="人造皮革"><a href="#人造皮革" class="headerlink" title="人造皮革"></a>人造皮革</h3><h4 id="PVC-胶皮"><a href="#PVC-胶皮" class="headerlink" title="PVC 胶皮"></a>PVC 胶皮</h4><ul><li>厚度(0.8MM~2.0MM主要来自发泡层)</li><li>宽度(36” 48” 54”)</li><li>底布(T/C 10P 6P 针织布 起毛布 不织布 注意白布底或染色布底)</li><li>压纹</li><li>表面处理(光雾度 印刷 植绒 轧光 珠光 镜面)</li><li>手感(软硬度 高弹性 NAPA)</li><li>用途(包袋 箱包 代鞋用 正鞋用 家具用 车辆用)</li><li>特殊要求(耐寒 耐加硫 耐黄变 耐曲折 耐摩擦 止滑 低毒)</li></ul><h4 id="PU-皮"><a href="#PU-皮" class="headerlink" title="PU 皮"></a>PU 皮</h4><ul><li>厚度(0.6MM~1.2MM主要来自于布底厚度)</li><li>宽度(36” 48” 54”)</li><li>底布(类似PVC皮)</li><li>表面处理(类似PVC皮)</li><li>压纹(离型纸形成较细纹)</li><li>用途(包袋鞋用 家具 手套)</li><li>特殊要求及手感</li></ul><h4 id="PVC-胶布"><a href="#PVC-胶布" class="headerlink" title="PVC 胶布"></a>PVC 胶布</h4><ul><li>厚度(0.1MM~1.0MM)</li><li>纹路(滚筒形成)</li><li>手感(一般手感，硬质，半硬质)</li><li>特殊要求(耐寒 低毒)</li></ul><h4 id="仿布纹PVC皮"><a href="#仿布纹PVC皮" class="headerlink" title="仿布纹PVC皮"></a>仿布纹PVC皮</h4><ul><li>纹路(仿210D 仿420D 仿600D 仿1680D 仿沙丁布纹)</li><li>宽度(56”~58”)</li><li>布底(70D，210D，200D/400D，600D/300D，注意是否染色)</li><li>总厚度(0.3~0.5MM)</li><li>手感及特殊要求</li></ul><h4 id="PVC夹网布"><a href="#PVC夹网布" class="headerlink" title="PVC夹网布"></a>PVC夹网布</h4><ul><li>由尼龙或特多龙经PVC双层贴合而成(因此可做双色效果)</li><li>厚度(0.25~0.65MM)</li><li>底布(210D，420D，250D，840D，600D)</li><li>宽度(54”)</li><li>纹路</li><li>注意光雾度/耐寒/低毒等特殊要求</li></ul><h2 id="材料质量"><a href="#材料质量" class="headerlink" title="材料质量"></a>材料质量</h2><h3 id="布料及里布"><a href="#布料及里布" class="headerlink" title="布料及里布"></a>布料及里布</h3><p>多用于包袋外部及内部的材料。</p><ul><li>表面：布料不能有抽纱，纱的条纹要清晰而且颜色一致均匀，纱的横直纹条数要够、厚度要够还有纱要直（可用测量器测试）；</li><li>胶底：贴胶牢固不会脱胶底，胶底不会起白（用手抓过后不会起白，保持原胶底色）；</li><li>受力：用横直纹方向合并车好用力拉过后不会裂开。有颜色的物料同时要注意是否有加固色，特别对于艳的颜色更容易产生染色现象，配色不好到了成品发现一切已晚！</li></ul><h3 id="泡棉及海棉"><a href="#泡棉及海棉" class="headerlink" title="泡棉及海棉"></a>泡棉及海棉</h3><p>多用于包袋的布料与里布之间，做好的包袋是看不到。主要看厚底及密度是否够。好的棉有弹性，不易拉开。</p><h3 id="网料"><a href="#网料" class="headerlink" title="网料"></a>网料</h3><p>要有弹性，受力好，不易拉断，没有断纱现象。</p><h3 id="织带"><a href="#织带" class="headerlink" title="织带"></a>织带</h3><p>织带种类很多，如平纹、细纹、坑纹等等，但每种不同规格的织带都有标准的重量。外面看两边缘是否光滑、表面是否均匀，不起毛，不抽纱、不染色等现象。</p><h3 id="拉链"><a href="#拉链" class="headerlink" title="拉链"></a>拉链</h3><p>垃链布与拉头品质主要以级来区分：如A、B、C等级，越向前的级别品质越好。规格以大小号来区分：如3号、5号、8号、10号等大小号，号数越大规格也就越大。而每种规格的拉链都有标准的重量，重量也是品质的关键。</p><p>外面来看主要注意：拉时要顺畅、不会有拉不顺的感觉，拉时声音也不是很响亮，可用手拔拉链齿也不易爆开，而拉头除之外也有大、小底之分，拉头与拉片之间也不易拉开，拉片要牢固，不易拉开，变形等现象，有颜色的拉链同时要注意是否有加固色度级别。以免容易与面料产生染色现象将后果严重。</p><h2 id="品质参数"><a href="#品质参数" class="headerlink" title="品质参数"></a>品质参数</h2><ul><li>600x600D： PVC 背胶厚度：0.56 – 0.58mm (56 – 58C). +- 0.03mm (+- 3C).<br>平底胶，斜纹状背胶，珍珠纹状背胶。</li><li>车线密度： 每英寸不少于6.2针。</li><li>PU背胶厚度： 0.44 – 0.46mm (44 – 46C). +- 0.03mm (+- 3C).</li><li>车线密度： 每英寸不少于6.2针。</li><li>600x300D：</li><li>PVC背胶厚度：0.53 – 0.55mm (53 – 55C). +- 0.03mm (+- 3C).<br>车线密度： 每英寸不少于6针。</li><li>PU背胶厚度： 0.42 – 0.44mm (42 – 44C). +- 0.03mm (+- 3C). 车线密度： 每英寸不少于6.2针。</li><li>420D： </li><li>PVC背胶厚度：0.36 – 0.38mm (36 – 38C). +- 0.03mm (+- 3C). 0.38 – 0.41mm (38 – 41C) +-0.04mm(+- 4C) </li><li>PU背胶厚度： 0.17 – 0.19mm (17 – 19C). +- 0.03mm (+- 3C). </li><li>车线密度： 每英寸不少于8.6针。 </li><li>600D尼龙， 涤纶五分格布： </li><li>PVC背胶厚度：0.56 – 0.58mm (56 – 58C). +- 0.03mm (+- 3C). </li><li>PU背胶厚度： 0.44 – 0.46mm (44 – 46C). +- 0.03mm (+- 3C). </li><li>车线密度： 每英寸不少于8.6针。 </li><li>420D尼龙， 涤纶五分格布： </li><li>PVC背胶厚度：0.36 – 0.38mm +- 0.03mm (+- 3C). </li><li>PU背胶厚度： 0.20 – 0.22mm (20 – 22C). +- 0.02mm (+- 2C).</li><li>车线密度： 每英寸不少于8.6针。</li><li>840D提花针织布料：</li><li>PVC背胶厚度：0.39 – 0.41mm (39 – 41C). +- 0.03mm (+- 3C).</li><li>PU背胶厚度： 0.18 – 0.20mm (18 – 20C). +- 0.03mm (+- 3C).</li><li>车线密度： 每英寸不少于6.2针。</li><li>塔丝绒（桃皮绒 或卡其布）布料：</li><li>PVC背胶厚度：0.54 – 0.57mm (54 – 57C). +- 0.03mm (+- 3C).</li><li>PU背胶厚度： 0.18 – 0.20mm (18 – 20C) +- 0.03mm (+- 3C).</li><li>车线密度： 每英寸不少于6.2针。</li><li>花瑶布：</li><li>PVC背胶厚度：0.75 – 78mm (75 – 78). +- 0.02mm (+- 2C).</li><li>车线密度： 每英寸不少于6.2针。</li><li>420D内里布：0.18mm (18C).</li><li>210D内里布：0.18mm (18C).</li><li>190D内里布：0.1mm (10C)</li></ul><h2 id="箱包贴合胶水"><a href="#箱包贴合胶水" class="headerlink" title="箱包贴合胶水"></a>箱包贴合胶水</h2><h3 id="箱包皮革专用塑料胶水特性"><a href="#箱包皮革专用塑料胶水特性" class="headerlink" title="箱包皮革专用塑料胶水特性"></a>箱包皮革专用塑料胶水特性</h3><ul><li>水性箱包皮革专用塑料胶水为高分子材料，引进国际最近环保配方及先进的工艺技术精制而成的单组份胶粘剂；</li><li>具有可室温固化、操作方便、耐水性，耐酸性，耐抗震，耐疲劳等众多优点；</li><li>具有固含量高，涂胶后不流淌，能变性好，干燥速度快，适用与工业流水线使用。</li></ul><h3 id="箱包皮革专用塑料胶水使用方法"><a href="#箱包皮革专用塑料胶水使用方法" class="headerlink" title="箱包皮革专用塑料胶水使用方法"></a>箱包皮革专用塑料胶水使用方法</h3><ul><li>清理被粘物表面油污、尘垢等污物，保持清洁干燥；</li><li>橡胶等物品须轻打毛清洁处理后再涂胶；</li><li>胶可根据客户要求配制手工上胶型和机械滚筒型两类，以满足不同要求，手工型胶可直接涂于被粘物表面，稍加压力后，5-10分钟可初步固化，一小时后可达高强度；</li><li>机械上胶，可将胶体放入滚槽中，上胶后同样稍加压力，5-10分钟可初步固化，一小时后可达高强度；</li><li>在某些重要场合，应先加热干燥，再活化3~5分钟，活化温度为60℃~70℃。</li></ul><h3 id="箱包皮革专用塑料胶水注意事项"><a href="#箱包皮革专用塑料胶水注意事项" class="headerlink" title="箱包皮革专用塑料胶水注意事项"></a>箱包皮革专用塑料胶水注意事项</h3><ul><li>水性箱包皮革专用塑料胶水为易燃品，储存、运输按易燃品规则办理；</li><li>使用时要通风透气，注意安全，操作应远离火源；</li><li>用后将将容器盖紧，防止胶体凝固，如胶液太厚，可用适量甲苯、卤代替稀释。</li><li>双面涂胶比单面涂胶效果好；</li><li>黏接面不要轻易移动，否则空气进入影响强度；</li></ul>]]></content>
    
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        &lt;p&gt;See &lt;a href=&quot;http://baike.baidu.com/view/2608219.htm&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; rel=&quot;external&quot;&gt;箱包材料&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 id=&quot;面料&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;#面料&quot; class=&quot;header
      
    
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