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security.go
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security.go
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// Copyright (c) HashiCorp, Inc.
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MPL-2.0
package memberlist
import (
"bytes"
"crypto/aes"
"crypto/cipher"
"crypto/rand"
"fmt"
"io"
)
/*
Encrypted messages are prefixed with an encryptionVersion byte
that is used for us to be able to properly encode/decode. We
currently support the following versions:
0 - AES-GCM 128, using PKCS7 padding
1 - AES-GCM 128, no padding. Padding not needed, caused bloat.
*/
type encryptionVersion uint8
const (
minEncryptionVersion encryptionVersion = 0
maxEncryptionVersion encryptionVersion = 1
)
const (
versionSize = 1
nonceSize = 12
tagSize = 16
maxPadOverhead = 16
blockSize = aes.BlockSize
)
// pkcs7encode is used to pad a byte buffer to a specific block size using
// the PKCS7 algorithm. "Ignores" some bytes to compensate for IV
func pkcs7encode(buf *bytes.Buffer, ignore, blockSize int) {
n := buf.Len() - ignore
more := blockSize - (n % blockSize)
for i := 0; i < more; i++ {
buf.WriteByte(byte(more))
}
}
// pkcs7decode is used to decode a buffer that has been padded
func pkcs7decode(buf []byte, blockSize int) []byte {
if len(buf) == 0 {
panic("Cannot decode a PKCS7 buffer of zero length")
}
n := len(buf)
last := buf[n-1]
n -= int(last)
return buf[:n]
}
// encryptOverhead returns the maximum possible overhead of encryption by version
func encryptOverhead(vsn encryptionVersion) int {
switch vsn {
case 0:
return 45 // Version: 1, IV: 12, Padding: 16, Tag: 16
case 1:
return 29 // Version: 1, IV: 12, Tag: 16
default:
panic("unsupported version")
}
}
// encryptedLength is used to compute the buffer size needed
// for a message of given length
func encryptedLength(vsn encryptionVersion, inp int) int {
// If we are on version 1, there is no padding
if vsn >= 1 {
return versionSize + nonceSize + inp + tagSize
}
// Determine the padding size
padding := blockSize - (inp % blockSize)
// Sum the extra parts to get total size
return versionSize + nonceSize + inp + padding + tagSize
}
// encryptPayload is used to encrypt a message with a given key.
// We make use of AES-128 in GCM mode. New byte buffer is the version,
// nonce, ciphertext and tag
func encryptPayload(vsn encryptionVersion, key []byte, msg []byte, data []byte, dst *bytes.Buffer) error {
// Get the AES block cipher
aesBlock, err := aes.NewCipher(key)
if err != nil {
return err
}
// Get the GCM cipher mode
gcm, err := cipher.NewGCM(aesBlock)
if err != nil {
return err
}
// Grow the buffer to make room for everything
offset := dst.Len()
dst.Grow(encryptedLength(vsn, len(msg)))
// Write the encryption version
dst.WriteByte(byte(vsn))
// Add a random nonce
_, err = io.CopyN(dst, rand.Reader, nonceSize)
if err != nil {
return err
}
afterNonce := dst.Len()
// Ensure we are correctly padded (only version 0)
if vsn == 0 {
io.Copy(dst, bytes.NewReader(msg))
pkcs7encode(dst, offset+versionSize+nonceSize, aes.BlockSize)
}
// Encrypt message using GCM
slice := dst.Bytes()[offset:]
nonce := slice[versionSize : versionSize+nonceSize]
// Message source depends on the encryption version.
// Version 0 uses padding, version 1 does not
var src []byte
if vsn == 0 {
src = slice[versionSize+nonceSize:]
} else {
src = msg
}
out := gcm.Seal(nil, nonce, src, data)
// Truncate the plaintext, and write the cipher text
dst.Truncate(afterNonce)
dst.Write(out)
return nil
}
// decryptMessage performs the actual decryption of ciphertext. This is in its
// own function to allow it to be called on all keys easily.
func decryptMessage(key, msg []byte, data []byte) ([]byte, error) {
// Get the AES block cipher
aesBlock, err := aes.NewCipher(key)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
// Get the GCM cipher mode
gcm, err := cipher.NewGCM(aesBlock)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
// Decrypt the message
nonce := msg[versionSize : versionSize+nonceSize]
ciphertext := msg[versionSize+nonceSize:]
plain, err := gcm.Open(nil, nonce, ciphertext, data)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
// Success!
return plain, nil
}
// decryptPayload is used to decrypt a message with a given key,
// and verify it's contents. Any padding will be removed, and a
// slice to the plaintext is returned. Decryption is done IN PLACE!
func decryptPayload(keys [][]byte, msg []byte, data []byte) ([]byte, error) {
// Ensure we have at least one byte
if len(msg) == 0 {
return nil, fmt.Errorf("Cannot decrypt empty payload")
}
// Verify the version
vsn := encryptionVersion(msg[0])
if vsn > maxEncryptionVersion {
return nil, fmt.Errorf("Unsupported encryption version %d", msg[0])
}
// Ensure the length is sane
if len(msg) < encryptedLength(vsn, 0) {
return nil, fmt.Errorf("Payload is too small to decrypt: %d", len(msg))
}
for _, key := range keys {
plain, err := decryptMessage(key, msg, data)
if err == nil {
// Remove the PKCS7 padding for vsn 0
if vsn == 0 {
return pkcs7decode(plain, aes.BlockSize), nil
} else {
return plain, nil
}
}
}
return nil, fmt.Errorf("No installed keys could decrypt the message")
}
func appendBytes(first []byte, second []byte) []byte {
hasFirst := len(first) > 0
hasSecond := len(second) > 0
switch {
case hasFirst && hasSecond:
out := make([]byte, 0, len(first)+len(second))
out = append(out, first...)
out = append(out, second...)
return out
case hasFirst:
return first
case hasSecond:
return second
default:
return nil
}
}