LEC100testrecords.txt

H. Ebedes	1975	THE CAPTURE AND TRANSLOCATION OF GEMSBOK ORYX GAZELLA-GAZELLA IN THE NAMIB DESERT WITH THE AID OF FENTANYL ETORPHINE AND TRANQUILIZERS		Journal of the South African Veterinary Association			46		4	359-362								THE CAPTURE AND TRANSLOCATION OF GEMSBOK ORYX GAZELLA-GAZELLA IN THE NAMIB DESERT WITH THE AID OF FENTANYL ETORPHINE AND TRANQUILIZERS		0038-2809												BCI:BCI197763001378				"Gemsbok (23) in the Namib Desert were captured with combinations of fentanyl or etorphine hydrochloride, hyoscine hydrobromide and tranquilizers such as axaperione, SU-9064 [methyl 18-epereserpate methyl ether hydrochloride], triflupromazine hydrochloride and acetylpromazine maleate. Fentanyl, a new immobilizing compound proved to be safe and effective for gemsbok. The gemsbok were chased on the interdune plains and darted from a Land Rover with the Palmer powder-charge Cap-Chur gun. A 6-seater helicopter was used on a trial basis to dart gemsbok but it is suggested that a small more maneuvrable helicopter be used for further operations. All the gemsbok were transported under narcosis from the capture area to an enclosure. Chlorpromazine hydrochloride was injected into the captured gemsbok to sedate them in their new confined environment. Tranquilizers such as chlorpromazine hydrochloride, acetylpromazine maleate and a new tranquilizer SU-9064 were used to sedate the animals during long distance transportation in crates. This prevented the animals from injuring themselves and damaging the crates. For the 1st time in South West Africa wild animals were transported by air. A journey by road which under normal circumstances would have taken over 40 h was completed in less than 9 h by air. There were no losses during transportation and only 2 gemsbok were injured during the translocation operation."			<Go to ISI>://BCI:BCI197763001378
"K. A. Durham, R. E. Corstvet and J. A. Hair"	1976	APPLICATION OF FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE TO DETERMINE INFECTIVITY RATES OF AMBLYOMMA-AMERICANUM ACARINA IXODIDAE SALIVARY GLANDS AND ORAL SECRETIONS BY THEILERIA-CERVI PIROPLASMORIDA THEILERIIDAE		Journal of Parasitology			62		6	1000-1002								APPLICATION OF FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE TO DETERMINE INFECTIVITY RATES OF AMBLYOMMA-AMERICANUM ACARINA IXODIDAE SALIVARY GLANDS AND ORAL SECRETIONS BY THEILERIA-CERVI PIROPLASMORIDA THEILERIIDAE		0022-3395												BCI:BCI197763040767				"Salivary glands and oral secretion from individual field collected ticks, or ticks infected with T. cervi [a pathogen for Odocoileus virginianus] in the laboratory, were subjected to fluorescent antibody techniques to determine the reliability of the technique in the identification of T. cervi in the oral secretion or salivary glands. The fluorescent antibody technique can be used with a reasonable degree of success in the identification of infected salivary glands or oral secretion. Oral secretion examinations gave fewer positive samples than when salivary glands from the same ticks were examined."			<Go to ISI>://BCI:BCI197763040767
P. T. Durfee and P. J. A. Presidente	1979	A SEROLOGICAL SURVEY OF AUSTRALIAN WILDLIFE FOR ANTIBODIES TO LEPTOSPIRES OF THE HEBDOMADIS SEROGROUP		Australian Journal of Experimental Biology and Medical Science			57		2	177-190								A SEROLOGICAL SURVEY OF AUSTRALIAN WILDLIFE FOR ANTIBODIES TO LEPTOSPIRES OF THE HEBDOMADIS SEROGROUP		0004-945X												BCI:BCI198069024031				"A serological survey for antibodies [Ab] to Leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo was conducted on 574 serum samples from 10 native and 4 introduced wildlife species in southeastern Australia. The microscopic agglutination (MA) test was used and titers to L. interrogans serovar hardjo antigen were detected in 33.5% of 352 brushtailed possums (Trichosurus vulpecula) samples in several Victoria areas. Reactor prevalence ranged from 14-66% in 4 populations. L. interrogans serovar balcanica was isolated from possums with L. interrogans serovar hardjo Ab from 2 different areas. Of 20 wombats (Vombatus ursinus) examined in Victoria, Ab to L. interrogans serovar hardjo were found in sera from 4 and titers to pyrogenes and pomona serogroups were detected in another. L. interrogans serovar hardjo Ab were demonstrated in sera from 13 of 19 rusa deer (Cervus timorensis). Negative MA test results to L. interrogans serovar hardjo antigens were recorded in 55 mountain possums (T. caninus), 63 macropods (Macropus spp.), 17 water rats (Hydromys chrysogaster), 39 fallow deer (Dama dama), 2 hog deer (Axis porcinus) and 2 water buffalo (Bubalus bubalus). No MA Ab to any of 16 leptospiral serogroups were detected in 17 water rats tested. Kidneys were examined from 330 of these animals; focal interstitial nephritis suggestive of leptospirosis was found in kidneys of 63 of 169 T. vulpecula, 3 of 55 T. caninus, 12 of 18 V. ursinus, 6 of 22 Macropus spp., 9 of 16 H. chrysogaster, 5 of 11 C. timorensis and 3 of 39 D. dama. Statistical association between focal interstitial nephritis and MA Ab to L. interrogans serovar hardjo was found in T. vulpecula."			<Go to ISI>://BCI:BCI198069024031
"J. W. Carpenter, H. E. Jordan and B. C. Ward"	1973	NEUROLOGIC DISEASE IN WAPITI NATURALLY INFECTED WITH MENINGEAL WORMS		Journal of Wildlife Diseases			9		2	148-153								NEUROLOGIC DISEASE IN WAPITI NATURALLY INFECTED WITH MENINGEAL WORMS		0090-3558												BCI:BCI197356062378							<Go to ISI>://BCI:BCI197356062378
"J. W. Carpenter, H. E. Jordan and J. A. Morrison"	1972	MENINGEAL WORM PARELAPHOSTRONGYLUS-TENUIS INFECTION IN WHITE-TAILED DEER IN OKLAHOMA		Journal of Wildlife Diseases			8		4	381-383								MENINGEAL WORM PARELAPHOSTRONGYLUS-TENUIS INFECTION IN WHITE-TAILED DEER IN OKLAHOMA		0090-3558												BCI:BCI197355056638							<Go to ISI>://BCI:BCI197355056638
I. H. Carmichael and E. Hobday	1975	BLOOD PARASITES OF SOME WILD BOVIDAE IN BOTSWANA		Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research			42		2	55-62								BLOOD PARASITES OF SOME WILD BOVIDAE IN BOTSWANA		0030-2465												BCI:BCI197661004285							<Go to ISI>://BCI:BCI197661004285
D. T. J. Cappucci and W. M. Longhurst	1972	RABIES IN DEER		California Fish and Game			58		2	141-144								RABIES IN DEER		0008-1078												BCI:BCI197254026645							<Go to ISI>://BCI:BCI197254026645
"W. Cabaj, J. Bien, M. Bogdaszewski, Z. Steiner-Bogdaszewska and B. Moskwa"	2017	Potential impact of Neospora caninum infection on farm productivity of fallow deer (Dama dama)		Small Ruminant Research			156			78-81					Nov			Potential impact of Neospora caninum infection on farm productivity of fallow deer (Dama dama)		0921-4488												BCI:BCI201800079909				"Most evidence suggesting vertical transmission as the predominant transmission route has been obtained from serological studies. Thus a modified ELISA procedure to detect antibodies in the sera of animals (Dama dama) living in farm conditions in a field station was investigated. Two groups of animals were formed: Group I consisting of 15 hinds naturally infected with Neospora caninum, and Group II consisting of 15 uninfected hinds.In Group I, eleven offspring were born in 2013, another nine in 2014, and eight in 2015. In Group II, 14 offspring were born in 2013, 13 in 2014 and 13 in 2015. All offspring in Group II were seronegative against N. caninum. Significantly fewer offspring were born from seropositive hinds (p < 0.05). Infected hinds (Group I) gave 21.4%, 30.8% and 38.5% fewer offspring than uninfected hinds (Group II) in the years 2013, 2014 and 2015, respectively. Additionally, not all offspring born in Group I were seropositive. The overall vertical transmission ratio of N. caninum in naturally infected fallow deer achieved 82.1% (63.6% in 2013, 100% in 2014 and 67.8% in 2015).This is the first study identifying the impact of the parasite on fallow deer productivity according to a significant reduction in birth rate. And also suggest that, naturally N. caninum infected buck does not appear to transmit infection to the hinds by natural fertilization."	"Bogdaszewski, Marek/0000-0002-1475-4925"		<Go to ISI>://BCI:BCI201800079909
"M. Eggert, E. Stueber, M. Heurich, M. Fredriksson-Ahomaa, Y. Burgos, L. Beutin and E. Maertlbauer"	2013	Detection and characterization of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli in faeces and lymphatic tissue of free-ranging deer		Epidemiology and Infection			141		2	251-259					Feb			Detection and characterization of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli in faeces and lymphatic tissue of free-ranging deer		0950-2688												BCI:BCI201300202435				"Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) have led to outbreaks worldwide and are considered emerging pathogens. Infections by STEC in humans have been reported after consumption of mainly beef, but also deer. This study investigated the occurrence of STEC in deer in Germany. The virulence genes eae, e-hlyA and saa, the stx subtypes, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) patterns and serovars were studied. In total, 120 samples of 60 animals were screened by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The PCR results showed a high detection rate of stx genes (83%). Mainly faecal samples, but also some lymphatic tissue samples, tested stx-positive. All isolates carried stx2, were eae-negative and carried e-hlyA in 38% and saa in 9% of samples. Serovars (O88:[H8], O174:[H8], O146:H28) associated with human diseases were also identified. In some animals, isolates from lymphatic tissue and faecal samples showed undistinguishable PFGE patterns. The examined deer were shown to be relevant reservoirs of STEC with subtype stx2b predominating."	"Martlbauer, Erwin/I-2897-2016; Fredriksson-Ahomaa, Maria/E-4283-2017; Heurich, Marco/O-4653-2014"		
"Martlbauer, Erwin/0000-0003-3390-8173; Fredriksson-Ahomaa, Maria/0000-0002-6129-8854; Heurich, Marco/0000-0003-0051-2930; Eggert, Marlene/0000-0002-9113-9643"		<Go to ISI>://BCI:BCI201300202435																																					
J. Edwards	1983	TONGUE GROOMING AS A POSSIBLE MODE FOR THE TRANSFER OF RUMEN MICROORGANISMS IN MOOSE ALCES-ALCES-ANDERSONI		Naturaliste Canadien (Quebec)			110		4	477-480								TONGUE GROOMING AS A POSSIBLE MODE FOR THE TRANSFER OF RUMEN MICROORGANISMS IN MOOSE ALCES-ALCES-ANDERSONI		0028-0798												BCI:BCI198427038287							<Go to ISI>://BCI:BCI198427038287
"D. R. Edmunds, E. S. Williams, D. O'Toole, K. W. Mills, A. M. Boerger-Fields, P. T. Jaeger, R. J. Bildfel, P. Dearing and T. E. Cornish"	2008	Ocular Plague (Yersinia pestis) in Mule Deer (Odocoileus hemionus) from Wyoming and Oregon		Journal of Wildlife Diseases			44		4	983-987					Oct			Ocular Plague (Yersinia pestis) in Mule Deer (Odocoileus hemionus) from Wyoming and Oregon		0090-3558												BCI:BCI200900066042				"Although plague is relatively rare in wild ungulates, this report describes ocular lesions associated with Yersinia pestis infection in three free-ranging mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) from Wyoming and Oregon, USA. All deer were observed antemortem and seemed to be blind. Post-mortem examination revealed gross lesions of bilateral keratoconjunctivitis and/or panophthalmitis in the first two deer, but only partial retinal detachment in the third deer. Microscopically, all deer had moderate-to-severe necrotizing and fibrinopurulent endophthalmitis and varying degrees of keratoconjunctivitis with abundant intralesional coccobacilli. The lesions in the first (D1) and third deer (D3) suggested an acute course, whereas those in the second deer (D2) were subacute to chronic. Yersinia pestis was isolated from ocular tissue swabs or ocular fluids of D1 and D2, and it was demonstrated by, immunohistochemistry within ocular lesions of D1 and D3. Although plague does not seem to be a major cause of morbidity or mortality in free-ranging mule deer, keratoconjunctivitis or pinkeye is relatively common in these animals and plague should be considered as a differential diagnosis in such cases, with appropriate precautions taken to protect the human and animal health."			<Go to ISI>://BCI:BCI200900066042
"M. Ebinger, P. Cross, R. Wallen, P. J. White and J. Treanor"	2011	"Simulating sterilization, vaccination, and test-and-remove as brucellosis control measures in bison"		Ecological Applications			21		8	2944-2959					Dec			"Simulating sterilization, vaccination, and test-and-remove as brucellosis control measures in bison"		1051-0761												BCI:BCI201200182950				"Brucella abortus, the causative agent of bovine brucellosis, infects wildlife, cattle, and humans worldwide, but management of the disease is often hindered by the logistics of controlling its prevalence in wildlife reservoirs. We used an individually based epidemiological model to assess the relative efficacies of three management interventions (sterilization, vaccination, and test-and-remove). The model was parameterized with demographic and epidemiological data from bison in Yellowstone National Park, USA. Sterilization and test-and-remove were most successful at reducing seroprevalence when they were targeted at young seropositive animals, which are the most likely age and sex category to be infectious. However, these approaches also required the most effort to implement. Vaccination was less effective (even with a perfect vaccine) but also required less effort to implement. For the treatment efforts we explored (50-100 individuals per year or 2.5-5% of the female population), sterilization had little impact upon the bison population growth rate when selectively applied. The population growth rate usually increased by year 25 due to the reduced number of Brucella-induced abortions. Initial declines in seroprevalence followed by rapid increases (>= 15% increase in 5 years) occurred in 3-13% of simulations with sterilization and test-and-remove, but not vaccination. We believe this is due to the interaction of superspreading events and the loss of herd immunity in the later stages of control efforts as disease prevalence declines. Sterilization provided a mechanism for achieving large disease reductions while simultaneously limiting population growth, which may be advantageous in some management scenarios. However, the field effort required to find the small segment of the population that is infectious rather than susceptible or recovered will likely limit the utility of this approach in many free-ranging wildlife populations. Nevertheless, we encourage scientists and policy makers to consider sterilization as part of a suite of available brucellosis management tools."	"Cross, Paul/K-6987-2012"		
"Cross, Paul/0000-0001-8045-5213"		<Go to ISI>://BCI:BCI201200182950																																					
"V. V. Ebani, G. Rocchigiani, F. Bertelloni, S. Nardoni, A. Leoni, S. Nicoloso and F. Mancianti"	2016	Molecular survey on the presence of zoonotic arthropod-borne pathogens in wild red deer (Cervus elaphus)		Comparative Immunology Microbiology and Infectious Diseases			47			77-80					Aug			Molecular survey on the presence of zoonotic arthropod-borne pathogens in wild red deer (Cervus elaphus)		0147-9571												BCI:BCI201600738334				"To estimate the prevalence of some zoonotic tick-borne pathogens in red deer (Cervus elaphus) living in Italian areas with high risk of arthropod exposure, blood samples from 60 red deer were tested by PCR for A. phagocytophilum, Borrelia burgdorferi s.l Coxiella burnetii, Francisella tularensis, and piroplasms. Thirty-four (56.67%) animals resulted positive for one or more pathogens. In particular, 24 (40%) red deer were positive for A. phagocytophilum, 16 (26.67%) for Babesia divergens, 6 (10%) for C. burnetii, 2 (3.33%) for B. burgdorferi s.l. No positive reaction was observed for F. tularensis. Thirteen (21.67%) animals resulted co-infected by two or three pathogens.Red deer is confirmed as competent reservoir of A. phagocytophilum and B. divergens, but not of B. burgdorferi. This is the first report of C. burnetii-positive red deer in central Italy. Hunters may be at risk of infection both through infected ticks and during the infected cervids carcasses dressing. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved."	"Rocchigiani, Guido/0000-0002-3742-7636; Nardoni, Simona/0000-0002-9095-6326"		<Go to ISI>://BCI:BCI201600738334
"V. V. Ebani, D. Cerri, F. Fratini, M. Ampola and E. Andreani"	2007	Anaplasma phagocytophilum infection in a fallow deer (Dama dama) population in a preserve of central Italy		New Microbiologica			30		2	161-165					Apr			Anaplasma phagocytophilum infection in a fallow deer (Dama dama) population in a preserve of central Italy		1121-7138												BCI:BCI200700463575				"From autumn 2004 to spring 2005, 70 fallow deer (Dama dama), 27 female and 43 male, living in a natural preserve of central Italy were examined by indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) to detect specific antibodies to Anaplasma phagocytophilum. Thirty-one (44.28%) sera scored positive: in particular 10 fallow deer (8 male and 2 female) scored positive at 40 antibody titer, 21 deer (8 male and 13 female) at M titer. EDTA anticoagulated blood samples collected from 29 of the 70 deer examined were tested by a nested-PCR assay to disclose a 546 bp fragment, specific of A. phagocytophilum 16S rRNA gene. Twenty (72.41%) blood samples (8 male and 13 female deer) resulted positive. Fifteen PCR-positive deer also resulted positive to IFA, whereas the remaining six did not show specific antibodies. Three serologically positive animals gave negative results at the nested PCR. Five deer scored negative both to serological tests and PCR."	"Fratini, Filippo/0000-0002-1717-2947; CERRI, DOMENICO/0000-0002-7688-3044; EBANI, VALENTINA VIRGINIA/0000-0001-7997-776X"		<Go to ISI>://BCI:BCI200700463575
"V. V. Ebani, F. Bertelloni, B. Turchi, D. Filogari and D. Cerri"	2015	"Molecular survey of tick-borne pathogens in Ixodid ticks collected from hunted wild animals in Tuscany, Italy"		Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine			8		9	702-705					Sep			"Molecular survey of tick-borne pathogens in Ixodid ticks collected from hunted wild animals in Tuscany, Italy"		1995-7645												BCI:BCI201500642404				"Objective: To determine the prevalence of zoonotic tick-borne bacteria in feeding ticks removed from hunted wild animals. Methods: PCR was executed on DNA extracted from 77 tick pools to detect Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Bartonella spp., Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, Coxiella burnetii and Rickettsia spp. Results: A total of 432 ticks were collected: 30 (6.94%) Haemaphysalis punctata, 72 (16.7%) Dermacentor marginatus and 330 (76.38%) Ixodes ricinus. For each animal one or two pools of 3 ticks of the same species was constituted. Seventy-seven tick pools were examined by PCR: 58 (75.32%) resulted infected and among them 14 (18.18%) showed co-infections. In particular, 29 (37.66%) pools were positive for Bartonella spp., 23 (29.87%) for Anaplasma phagocytophilum, 16 (20.78%) for Rickettsia spp., and 5 (6.49%) for Borrelia burgdorferi s.l. All samples were negative for Coxiella burnetii. Conclusions: The results demonstrate the presence of several zoonotic tick-borne pathogens in the studied area, and underline the risk of exposure to infections for hunters not only during the outdoor activity, but also when they manipulate hunted animals infested by infected ticks."	"CERRI, DOMENICO/0000-0002-7688-3044; Turchi, Barbara/0000-0002-7969-2489; EBANI, VALENTINA VIRGINIA/0000-0001-7997-776X"		<Go to ISI>://BCI:BCI201500642404
"V. Ebani, D. Cerri, F. Fratini, M. Ampola and E. Andreani"	2008	Seroprevalence of Anaplasma phagocytophilum in domestic and wild animals from central Italy		New Microbiologica			31		3	371-375					Jul			Seroprevalence of Anaplasma phagocytophilum in domestic and wild animals from central Italy		1121-7138												BCI:BCI200800628970				"From January 2004 to July 2007, 2455 sera were collected from domestic and wild animals living in central Italy and tested by indirect immunofluorescence assay to detect antibodies against Anaplasma phagocytophilum. Considering sera with 1:40 antibody titers as positive, 336 (13.68%) animals scored positive. The percentages of seropositivity were: 46.26% (31/67) in fallow deer, 46.15% (24/52) in red deer, 16.89% (134/793) in horses, 16.78% (23/137) in cattle, 12.74% (13/102) in sheep, 8.76% (108/1232) in dogs, 4.16% (3/72) in goats. These data confirm the presence of A. phagocytophilum in wild ruminants and domestic animals, including pets, in central Italy."	"EBANI, VALENTINA VIRGINIA/0000-0001-7997-776X; CERRI, DOMENICO/0000-0002-7688-3044; Fratini, Filippo/0000-0002-1717-2947"		<Go to ISI>://BCI:BCI200800628970
"K. R. Easwaran, R. Ravindran and K. M. Pillai"	2003	Parasitic infection of some wild animals at Thekkady in Kerala		Zoos' Print Journal			18		2	1030					February			Parasitic infection of some wild animals at Thekkady in Kerala														BCI:BCI200300162814							<Go to ISI>://BCI:BCI200300162814
"B. Dziegiel, L. Adaszek, M. Krzysiak, M. Skrzypczak, M. Adaszek, B. Furmaga and S. Winiarczyk"	2015	The occurrence of Anaplasma phagocytophilum in wild bison from the Bialowieza Primeval Forest in Eastern Poland		Berliner Munchener Tierarztliche Wochenschrift			128		8-Jul	310-314					Jul-Aug			The occurrence of Anaplasma phagocytophilum in wild bison from the Bialowieza Primeval Forest in Eastern Poland		0005-9366												BCI:BCI201500585506				"The aim of the present study was to investigate the occurrence of Anaplasma spp. in a group of 120 wild bison (Bison bonasus) from the Bialowieza Primeval Forest in eastern Poland and to determine which species of Anaplasma could infect these animals based on a PCR of a part of the 16S rRNA gene followed by sequencing. The PCR technique showed the presence of 16S rRNA Anaplasma spp. genetic material in the blood of 22 from a total of 120 animals. DNA amplification by means of the primers EHR 521 and EHR 747 gave a product size of 252-bp. The sequences of the PCR products obtained showed 100% homology with each other and 100% homology with the Anaplasma phagocytophilum GU 183908 sequence from our earlier study, isolated from a horse with a clinical case of anaplasmosis. The similarity of the sequences with the sequences of the 16S rRNA gene isolated from various Anaplasma species deposited in the GeneBank, ranged between 95.8% and 98.8%. Based on the results of molecular analysis, bacterial DNA detected in the blood of 22 wild bison was identified as Anaplasma phagocytophilum."	"Dziegiel, Beata/T-6783-2018"		
"Dziegiel, Beata/0000-0003-2010-0191; Skrzypczak, Maciej/0000-0002-1289-5900"		<Go to ISI>://BCI:BCI201500585506																																					
"N. W. Dyer, A. C. S. Ward, G. C. Weiser and D. G. White"	2001	Seasonal incidence and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of Pasteurellaceae isolated from American bison (Bison bison)		Canadian Journal of Veterinary Research			65		1	14-Jul					January			Seasonal incidence and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of Pasteurellaceae isolated from American bison (Bison bison)		0830-9000												BCI:BCI200100130071				"Ninety pharyngeal tonsils were collected from 2-year-old American bison (Bison bison) bulls and sampled for members of the Pasteurellaceae family. Particular attention was paid to seasonal incidence and antimicrobial resistance in serotypes and biovariants. Multiple strains of Pasteurella haemolytica (39%), P. trehalosi (68%), P. multocida (34%) and Haemophilus somnus (13%) were cultured from 86 out of the 90 (96%) tonsil samples. Pasteurella trehalosi was the most common and evenly distributed of the organisms recovered. Pasteurella haemolytica was found in fewer numbers than P. trehalosi, but showed an increase in number of isolates recovered with each sampling period. Pasteurella multocida, both A and D capsular types, was recovered from all sampling periods. No serotype pattern was observed in any of the animal groups sampled. One hundred twenty-seven of 147 (86%) of the isolates were resistant to at least 1 antibiotic, 95/147 (65%) to at least 2 different antibiotics, and 16/147 (11%) to at least 3 antibiotics. The most common resistance pattern observed was to neomycin and spectinomycin (73/147) (49%)."			<Go to ISI>://BCI:BCI200100130071
"N. W. Dyer, D. F. Krogh and L. P. Schaan"	2004	Pulmonary mycoplasmosis in farmed white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus)		Journal of Wildlife Diseases			40		2	366-370					April			Pulmonary mycoplasmosis in farmed white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus)		0090-3558												BCI:BCI200400397494				"An outbreak of respiratory disease at a fanned cervid facility resulted in isolation and identification of Mycoplasma bovis in four affected white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) fawns. Microscopically, pulmonary lesions similar to those associated with M. bovis infections in calves, including lymphoplasiflacytic peribronchiolar cuffing and caseonecrotic bronchiectasis, were present. Arcanobacterium pyogenes was recovered from lung tissue as well. This report indicates that M. bovis can be associated with respiratory disease in white-tailed deer."			<Go to ISI>://BCI:BCI200400397494
E. Dyason	2010	"Summary of foot-and-mouth disease outbreaks reported in and around the Kruger National Park, South Africa, between 1970 and 2009"		Journal of the South African Veterinary Association			81		4	201-206					Dec			"Summary of foot-and-mouth disease outbreaks reported in and around the Kruger National Park, South Africa, between 1970 and 2009"		0038-2809												BCI:BCI201100316263				"Information with regard to foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) outbreaks that occurred in the Kruger National Park (KNP) and adjacent areas of South Africa between 1970 and 2009 was collected from reports and files of various government departments and collated into one report. The collected data were summarised in a table and assessed for patterns. Fifty-one FMD outbreaks occurred during this period in the target area, of which 16 were SAT 1, 31 were SAT 2,4 were SAT 3 and 3 were not serotyped. No pattern could be discerned although SAT 1 outbreaks occurred more frequently in the summer months while more SAT 2 outbreaks occurred in winter."			<Go to ISI>://BCI:BCI201100316263
"P. N. Dwivedi, K. S. Sandhu, S. Prabhakar, V. K. Gandotra and G. S. Dhaliwal"	1990	Bacterial abortions in buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis)		Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences			21		1	121-123								Bacterial abortions in buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis)		0971-0701												BCI:BCI199344001442							<Go to ISI>://BCI:BCI199344001442
"R. H. Dwinger, P. Rawlings, P. Jeannin and A. S. Grieve"	1990	EXPERIMENTAL INFECTION OF N'DAMA CATTLE WITH TRYPANOSOMES USING GLOSSINA-PALPALIS-GAMBIENSIS CAUGHT IN THE WILD		Tropical Animal Health and Production			22		1	37-43								EXPERIMENTAL INFECTION OF N'DAMA CATTLE WITH TRYPANOSOMES USING GLOSSINA-PALPALIS-GAMBIENSIS CAUGHT IN THE WILD		0049-4747												BCI:BCI199090007044				"The transmissibility of trypanosome infection to N'Dama cattle by tsetse flies caught in the field was examined. Wild-caught Glossina palpalis gambiensis were transferred singly into small numbered cages and allowed to feed on 14 uninfected N'Dama cattle. Following a completed feed the tsetse were dissected and infection in the proboscis, the salivary glands and the gut was recorded. Each animal was bitten by a number of tsetse ranging from five up to 64 flies. Following dissection of the tsetse flies, seven of the cattle were found to have been bitten by a single infected tsetse, five by two, while the remaining two were each fed upon by three infected tsetse. The tsetse were harbouring either Trypanosoma vivax or a trypanosome species belonging to the Nannomonas subgenus or both species. The experimental animals were monitored daily over a period of three months for the appearance of trypanosomes in the blood and for antibodies in their sera. Other parameters such as body temperature, local skin reactions, packed red cell volume and weight changes were also measured. Trypanosomes were first detected eight days after the infective bite. Only five of the 14 cattle became infected, of which three had been exposed to a single infected tsetse fly. Trypanosoma vivax was detected in one animal, Trypanosoma congolense in two cattle and mixed infections of both species in the remaining two animals. These findings show that N'Dama cattle can become infected with trypanosomes through the bite of a single infected tsetse fly under field conditions. However, only five (possibly eight) of the 23 infected tsetse were able to transmit the parasites successfully."			<Go to ISI>://BCI:BCI199090007044
"R. H. Dwinger, D. J. Clifford, K. Agyemang, G. Gettinby, A. S. Grieve, S. Kora and M. A. Bojang"	1992	COMPARATIVE STUDIES ON N'DAMA AND ZEBU CATTLE FOLLOWING REPEATED INFECTIONS WITH TRYPANOSOMA-CONGOLENSE		Research in Veterinary Science			52		3	292-298								COMPARATIVE STUDIES ON N'DAMA AND ZEBU CATTLE FOLLOWING REPEATED INFECTIONS WITH TRYPANOSOMA-CONGOLENSE		0034-5288												BCI:BCI199294042936				"Twenty N-Dama and eight zebu cattle were inoculated intradermally with bloodstream forms of a cloned strain of Trypanosoma congolense originating from East Africa. All inoculated cattle became parasitaemic. Zebus showed consistently higher levels of parasitaemia and lower packed red cell volume (PCV) percentages than did N'Damas. Three of the eight zebus required treatment when high numbers of trypanosomes were present in the blood and PCV values dropped below 15 per cent. None of the N'Dama cattle needed treatment. Statistical analysis was performed on the data to assess the variability of parasitaemia and PCV levels before and during infection of the N'Dama cattle. The variation in PCV values was large between individuals during the early stages of the disease and diminished as infection continued. After trypanocidal drug treatment and a recovery period of 14 months, the same animals were inoculated intradermally with T. congolense bloodstream forms isolated and cloned in The Gambia. Differences in susceptibility to the ensuing disease were apparent when comparing N'Dama and zebu cattle. Five zebu cattle needed trypanocidal drug treatment, while none of the N'Dama needed drug intervention. Ranking the 20 infected N'Damas according to average PCV levels revealed that the animals responded similarly to both infections."			<Go to ISI>://BCI:BCI199294042936
"R. H. Dwinger, K. Agyemang, J. Kaufmann, A. S. Grieve and M. L. Bah"	1994	Effects of trypanosome and helminth infections on health and production parameters of village N'Dama cattle the The Gambia		Veterinary Parasitology			54		4	353-365								Effects of trypanosome and helminth infections on health and production parameters of village N'Dama cattle the The Gambia		0304-4017												BCI:BCI199598039474				"The effects of trypanosome and helminth infections on health and production parameters in 2000 village N'Dama cattle were assessed periodically. Blood examination showed Trypanosoma congolense and Trypanosoma vivax to be prevalent, while strongylid-type eggs were those most frequently encountered in faecal samples. A distinct seasonal fluctuation was detected for both blood levels of trypanosomes and helminth egg output. Strongylid burden and trypanosome infection had significant negative effects on packed red cell volume levels and body weights mainly in animals of 2-3 years old. Clear indications of an increased susceptibility to trypanosomosis were found in animals affected by helminths. Similarly, animals infected with trypanosomes were more frequently infested with strongyles and egg counts were higher than in cattle in which no trypanosomes were detected."			<Go to ISI>://BCI:BCI199598039474
"S. Duodu, K. Madslien, E. Hjelm, Y. Molin, A. Paziewska-Harris, P. D. Harris, D. J. Colquhoun and B. Ytrehus"	2013	Bartonella Infections in Deer Keds (Lipoptena cervi) and Moose (Alces alces) in Norway		Applied and Environmental Microbiology			79		1	322-327					Jan			Bartonella Infections in Deer Keds (Lipoptena cervi) and Moose (Alces alces) in Norway		0099-2240												BCI:BCI201300150188				"Infections with Bartonella spp. have been recognized as emerging zoonotic diseases in humans. Large knowledge gaps exist, however, relating to reservoirs, vectors, and transmission of these bacteria. We describe identification by culture, PCR, and housekeeping gene sequencing of Bartonella spp. in fed, wingless deer keds (Lipoptena cervi), deer ked pupae, and blood samples collected from moose, Alces alces, sampled within the deer ked distribution range in Norway. Direct sequencing from moose blood sampled in a deer ked-free area also indicated Bartonella infection but at a much lower prevalence. The sequencing data suggested the presence of mixed infections involving two species of Bartonella within the deer ked range, while moose outside the range appeared to be infected with a single species. Bartonella were not detected or cultured from unfed winged deer keds. The results may indicate that long-term bacteremia in the moose represents a reservoir of infection and that L. cervi acts as a vector for the spread of infection of Bartonella spp. Further research is needed to evaluate the role of L. cervi in the transmission of Bartonella to animals and humans and the possible pathogenicity of these bacteria for humans and animals."	"Paziewska-Harris, Anna/0000-0001-9677-4753"		<Go to ISI>://BCI:BCI201300150188
"P. S. Dunphy, T. Luo and J. W. McBride"	2013	Ehrlichia moonlighting effectors and interkingdom interactions with the mononuclear phagocyte		Microbes and Infection			15		"14-15, Sp. Iss. SI"	1005-1016					Dec			Ehrlichia moonlighting effectors and interkingdom interactions with the mononuclear phagocyte		1286-4579												BCI:BCI201400105696				"Ehrlichia chaffeensis is an obligately intracellular gram negative bacterium with a small genome that thrives in mammalian mononuclear phagocytes by exploiting eukaryotic processes. Herein, we discuss the latest findings on moonlighting tandem repeat protein effectors and their secretion mechanisms, and novel molecular interkingdom interactions that provide insight into the intracellular pathobiology of ehrlichiae. (C) 2013 Institut Pasteur. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved."			<Go to ISI>://BCI:BCI201400105696
"J. R. Dunn, J. E. Keen, D. Moreland and R. A. Thompson"	2004	Prevalence of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in white-tailed deer from Louisiana		Journal of Wildlife Diseases			40		2	361-365					April			Prevalence of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in white-tailed deer from Louisiana		0090-3558												BCI:BCI200400397493				"Escherichia coli O157:H7 (EC O157) is an important zoonosis. White-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) have been implicated in transmission of this bacterium to humans and have been suggested as reservoirs that might affect carriage in cattle populations. Our study objectives were to estimate prevalence of EC O157 in feces of hunter-harvested deer and to describe fecal shedding patterns in a captive herd sampled over 1 yr. Prevalence of EC O157 in hunter-harvested deer was 0.3% (n=338). In August 2001, EC O157 was detected in one of 55 deer (1.8%) from the captive herd. Prevalence over the 1-yr period was 0.4% (n=226). Escherichia coli O157:H7 was rarely isolated from hunter-harvested deer during the winter. We could not describe a seasonal shedding pattern based on one positive sample in the captive herd. These data do not support a prominent role of deer as a reservoir for EC O157 for cattle or humans."			<Go to ISI>://BCI:BCI200400397493
"K. M. Dunham, T. B. Kichenside, N. Lindsay, F. E. Rietkerk and D. T. Williamson"	1993	The reintroduction of mountain gazelle Gazella gazella in Saudi Arabia		International Zoo Yearbook			32		0	107-116								The reintroduction of mountain gazelle Gazella gazella in Saudi Arabia		0074-9664												BCI:BCI199598137230							<Go to ISI>://BCI:BCI199598137230
"M. R. Dunbar, M. J. Wolcott, R. B. Rimler and B. M. Berlowski"	2000	Septicemic pasteurellosis in free-ranging neonatal pronghorn in Oregon		Journal of Wildlife Diseases			36		2	383-388					April			Septicemic pasteurellosis in free-ranging neonatal pronghorn in Oregon		0090-3558												BCI:BCI200100295122				"As part of a study to determine the cause(s) of population decline and low survival of pronghorn (Antilocapra americana) neonates on Hart Mountain National Antelope Refuge (HMNAR), Oregon (USA), 55 of 104 neonates captured during May 1996 and 1997 were necropsied (n = 28, 1996; n = 27, 1997) to determine cause of death. Necropsies were conducted on fawns that died during May, June, or July of each year. The objectives of this study were to report the occurrence and pathology of pasteurellosis in neonates and determine if the isolated strain of Pasteurella multocida was unique. Septicemic pasteurellosis, caused by P. multocida, was diagnosed as the cause of death for two neonates in May and June 1997. Necropsy findings included widely scattered petechial and ecchymotic hemorrhages found over a large portion of the subcutaneous tissue, meninges of the brain, epicardium, skeletal muscle, and serosal surface of the thorasic and abdominal cavities. Histological examination of lung tissues revealed diffuse congestion and edema and moderate to marked multifocal infiltrate of macrophages, neutrophils, and numerous bacteria within many terminal bronchioles and alveoli. Pasteurella multocida serotypes A:3,4, and B:1 were isolated from several tissues including lung, intestinal, thorasic fluid, and heart blood. Each B:1 isolate had DNA restriction endonuclease fingerprint profiles distinct from isolates previously characterized from domestic cattle, swan (Olor spp.), moose (Alces alces), and pronghorn from Montana (USA). This is the first report of pasteurellosis in pronghorn from Oregon and the B:1 isolates appear to be unique in comparison to DNA fingerprint profiles from selected domestic and wild species."			<Go to ISI>://BCI:BCI200100295122
"M. R. Dunbar, A. C. S. Ward and G. Power"	1990	ISOLATION OF PASTEURELLA-HAEMOLYTICA FROM TONSILLAR BIOPSIES OF ROCKY MOUNTAIN USA BIGHORN SHEEP		Journal of Wildlife Diseases			26		2	210-213								ISOLATION OF PASTEURELLA-HAEMOLYTICA FROM TONSILLAR BIOPSIES OF ROCKY MOUNTAIN USA BIGHORN SHEEP		0090-3558												BCI:BCI199090017069				"Isolations of Pasteurella haemolytica were compared from tonsillar biopsies versus nasal passages for 29 free-ranging Rocky Mountain bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis canadensis) from central Idaho. Overall, P. haemolytica was isolated from 11 (38%) of 29 sheep. Two (18%) of the 11 positive samples were from only nasal passages compared to eight (73%) from tonsillar biopsies. Pasteurella haemolytica biotype T was isolated from tonsils of nine sheep and from nasal biopsies. Pasteurella haemolytica biotype T was isolated from tonsils of nine sheep and from nasal passages of only one sheep. Two sheep were positive for P. haemolytica biotype A from nasal passages. Culturing tonsillar biopsies as compared to nasal swab samples was a more reliable technique in detecting P. haemolytica, especially biotype T, in bighorn sheep."			<Go to ISI>://BCI:BCI199090017069
"M. R. Dunbar, R. Velarde, M. A. Gregg and M. Bray"	1999	Health evaluation of a pronghorn antelope population in Oregon		Journal of Wildlife Diseases			35		3	496-510					July			Health evaluation of a pronghorn antelope population in Oregon		0090-3558												BCI:BCI199900383453				"During 1996 and 1997, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service conducted a study to determine the cause(s) of population decline and low survival of pronghorn antelope (Antilocapra americana) fawns on Hart Mountain National Antelope Refuge (HMNAR) located in southeastern Oregon (USA). As part of that study, blood, fecal, and tissue samples from 104 neonatal fawns, 40 adult does, and nine adult male pronghorns were collected to conduct a health evaluation of the population. Physiological parameters related to nutrition and/or disease were studied. No abnormalities were found in the complete blood cell counts of adults (n = 40) or fawns (n = 44 to 67). Serum total protein and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels were lower compared to other pronghorn populations. Does had mean BUN values significantly lower (P < 0.001) in December 1996 than March 1997. Serum copper (Cu) levels in does (range 0.39 to 0.74 ppm) were considered marginal when compared to domestic animals and other wild ungulates. Fawns had low (0.28 ppm) Cu levels at birth and reached the does' marginal values in about 3 days. Whole blood, serum and liver selenium (Se) levels were considered marginal to low in most segments of the pronghorn population. However, serum levels of vitamin E (range 1.98 to 3.27 mug/ml), as determined from the does captured in March, were apparently sufficient to offset any signs of Se deficiency. No clinical signs of Cu or Se deficiency were observed. Fifty-five of 87 dead fawns were necropsied. Trauma, due to predation by coyotes (Canis latrans), accounted for 62% of the mortality during mid-May to mid-July of each year. Other causes included predation by golden eagles (Aquila chrysaetos) (4%), dystocia (2%), septicemic pasteurellosis (4%), starvation (5%), and unknown (23%). Adult females were tested for serum neutralizing antibodies to Brucella spp. (n = 20, negative), Leptospira interrogans (n = 20, negative), bluetongue virus (n = 20, 35% positive), epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (n = 20, 30% positive), respiratory syncytial virus (n = 18, negative), parainfluenza virus type 3 (n = 18, 67% positive), infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (n = 18, negative), and bovine viral diarrhea (n = 18, negative). Considering the parameters examined, we found no apparent predisposing factors to mortality including those killed by coyotes, but some nutritional parameters suggest that pronghorns on HMNAR exist on a diet low in protein and Se and marginal in Cu. The effect these factors have on the population is not known."	"Velarde, Roser/M-1614-2014"		
"Velarde, Roser/0000-0003-3332-6405"		<Go to ISI>://BCI:BCI199900383453																																					
"M. R. Dunbar, S. Tornquist and M. R. Giordano"	2003	Blood parasites in sage-grouse from Nevada and Oregon		Journal of Wildlife Diseases			39		1	203-208					January			Blood parasites in sage-grouse from Nevada and Oregon		0090-3558												BCI:BCI200300206370				"Peripheral blood smears from 196 adult and yearling female greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) were examined for blood parasites (167 from the breeding and 29 from the brood-rearing season) to determine prevalence of blood parasites, to attempt to correlate infection with chick survival, and to establish base-line values of prevalence in sage-grouse from Nevada and Oregon (USA). Birds were captured and released on two study areas during 1999-2001; Sheldon National Wildlife Refuge (SNWR) in northwestern Nevada, and Hart Mountain National Antelope Refuge (HMNAR) in southeastern Oregon. Birds from a third study area, Beaty's Butte grazing allotment (BB) in southeastern Oregon, were sampled in 2000 and 2001. Overall, 19 birds (10%) were positive for Leucocytozoon lovati (=L. bonasae), 1 (0.5%) for Plasmodium pedioecetii, and 2 (1%) for microfilariae. Although prevalence of L. lovati on HMNAR was 39% during the breeding season in 1999 and 100% during the brood-rearing season in 2000, statistically, prevalence of L. lovati among study areas and years was not different. However, there were statistical differences between capture periods. Overall, 31% of the hens were positive for L. lovati during the brood-rearing season compared to 6% during the breeding season. There was no difference in packed cell volume between infected and non-infected birds and no difference between age-classes. However, mean sage-grouse productivity on HMNAR was higher (1.6 chicks/hen) for non-infected (n=10) compared to infected hens (0.7 chicks/hen; n=7), during 1999. Based on these limited observations on HMNAR in 1999, the possible effects that L. lovati may have on young sage-grouse could be detrimental to sage-grouse populations in Nevada and Oregon."			<Go to ISI>://BCI:BCI200300206370
"M. R. Dunbar, S. R. Johnson, J. C. Rhyan and M. McCollum"	2009	USE OF INFRARED THERMOGRAPHY TO DETECT THERMOGRAPHIC CHANGES IN MULE DEER (ODOCOILEUS HEMIONUS) EXPERIMENTALLY INFECTED WITH FOOT-AND-MOUTH DISEASE		Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine			40		2	296-301					Jun			USE OF INFRARED THERMOGRAPHY TO DETECT THERMOGRAPHIC CHANGES IN MULE DEER (ODOCOILEUS HEMIONUS) EXPERIMENTALLY INFECTED WITH FOOT-AND-MOUTH DISEASE		1042-7260												BCI:BCI200900423600				"Infrared thermography (IRT) measures the heat emitted from a surface, displays that information as a pictorial representation called a thermogram, and is capable of being a remote, noninvasive technology that provides information on the health of an animal. Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) caused by FMD virus (FMDV) is a severe, highly communicable viral disease of cloven-hoofed animals, including both domestic and wild ruminants. Early detection of the disease may reduce economic loss and loss of susceptible wildlife. The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of IRT to detect possible heat changes associated with sites of infection with FMDV in experimentally infected mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus). Infection occurred through either inoculation with FMDV or exposure to inoculated animals. Early vesicular lesions were observed on the mouth, feet, or both within 24 hrs postinoculation and 48-96 hrs post-exposure. From internal temperature sensors, the exposed animals' body temperatures elevated significantly from the pre-infection temperature (38.8 degrees C, P <= 0.002) starting the day before any lesions were observed. Body temperature was also found not to be significantly different from eye temperatures of well-focused thermograms. For feet thermograms, the mean of the daily maximum (MMAX) foot temperature rose significantly (P = 0.017) from two days before (27.3 degrees C +/- 1.9 degrees C SE) to the maximum MMAX observed (33.0 degrees C +/- 2.0 degrees C SE) at two days after the first foot lesion occurrence. These observed changes indicate that IRT may be a rapid, remote, and noninvasive method to screen for suspect animals in order to test further for FMDV infection during an FMD outbreak."			<Go to ISI>://BCI:BCI200900423600
"M. R. Dunbar, W. J. Foreyt and J. F. Evermann"	1986	SEROLOGIC EVIDENCE OF RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS INFECTION IN FREE-RANGING MOUNTAIN GOATS OREAMNOS-AMERICANUS		Journal of Wildlife Diseases			22		3	415-416								SEROLOGIC EVIDENCE OF RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS INFECTION IN FREE-RANGING MOUNTAIN GOATS OREAMNOS-AMERICANUS		0090-3558												BCI:BCI198631052028							<Go to ISI>://BCI:BCI198631052028
A. Dumont and M. Crete	1996	"The meningeal worm, Parelaphostrongylus tenuis, a marginal limiting factor for moose, Alces alces, in Southern Quebec"		Canadian Field-Naturalist			110		3	413-418								"The meningeal worm, Parelaphostrongylus tenuis, a marginal limiting factor for moose, Alces alces, in Southern Quebec"		0008-3550												BCI:BCI199799407272				"We estimated the relative importance of the meningeal worm (Parelaphostrongylus tenuis) as a limiting factor of Moose (Alces alces) populations living in sympatry with White-tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in southern Quebec, using a questionnaire. We recorded 84 cases of moose showing typical signs of infection by the meningeal worm, 61 during the 1983-1992 period. There was close agreement between deer distribution and the location of symptomatic Moose. Signs of infection with the meningeal worm appeared equally between sexes in animals older than 1 year of age, but symptomatic calves were observed less often than expected. We found a significant linear relationship (r-2 = 0.80; d.f. = 8) between apparent infection rate (observed cases-10 000 moose-1 cntdot yr-1) and estimated deer density. At the scale of hunting zones, we found no evidence of refugia in which moose would be protected from the parasite. Reported cases of symptomatic moose always represented less than 1% of total moose populations; monitoring of 149 radio-collared moose in two areas of southern Deer densities are probably not high enough to prevent the establishment of Moose populations anywhere in Quebec. This limiting factor, however, diminishes the demographic vigour of infected populations, and the potential hunting harvest."			<Go to ISI>://BCI:BCI199799407272
"J. Dulberger, N. T. Hobbs, H. M. Swanson, C. J. Bishop and M. W. Miller"	2010	ESTIMATING CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE EFFECTS ON MULE DEER RECRUITMENT AND POPULATION GROWTH		Journal of Wildlife Diseases			46		4	1086-1095					Oct			ESTIMATING CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE EFFECTS ON MULE DEER RECRUITMENT AND POPULATION GROWTH		0090-3558												BCI:BCI201100005048				"Chronic wasting disease (CWD), a prion disease of mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus), accelerates mortality and in so doing has the potential to influence population dynamics. Although effects on mule deer survival are clear, how CWD affects recruitment is less certain. We studied how prion infection influenced the number of offspring raised to weaning per adult (>= 2 yr old) female mule deer and subsequently the estimated growth rate (lambda) of an infected deer herd. Infected and presumably uninfected radio-collared female deer were observed with their fawns in late summer (August September) during three consecutive years (2006-2008) in the Table Mesa area of Boulder, Colorado, USA. We counted the number of fawns accompanying each female, then used a fully Bayesian model to estimate recruitment by infected and uninfected females and the effect of the disease on lambda. On average, infected females wearied 0.95 fawns (95% credible interval=0.56-1.43) whereas uninfected females weaned 1.34 fawns (95% credible interval=1.09-1.61); the probability that uninfected females weaned more fawns than infected females was 0.93). We used estimates of prevalence to weight recruitment and survival parameters in the transition matrix of a three-age, single-sex matrix model and then used the matrix to calculate effects of CWD on lambda. When effects of CWD on both survival and recruitment were included, the modeled lambda was 0.97 (95% credible interval = 0.82-1.09). Effects of disease on lambda were mediated almost entirely by elevated mortality of infected animals. We conclude that although CWD may affect mule deer recruitment, these effects seem to be sufficiently small that they can be omitted in estimating the influences of CWD on population growth rate."	"Hobbs, Tom/C-5263-2016"		<Go to ISI>://BCI:BCI201100005048
"K. Dukpa, I. D. Robertson, J. R. Edwards and T. M. Ellis"	2011	A retrospective study on the epidemiology of foot-and-mouth disease in Bhutan		Tropical Animal Health and Production			43		2	495-502					Feb			A retrospective study on the epidemiology of foot-and-mouth disease in Bhutan		0049-4747												BCI:BCI201100173867				"A retrospective study on the outbreaks of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) in Bhutan, between the years 1996 and 2008, based on the data collected through passive surveillance, was undertaken. A total of 230 outbreaks of FMD at sub-district level were recorded in 299 villages located in 19 out of the 20 districts in the country. There were no significant differences between the years (P=0.998) or months (P=0.989) on the incidence of FMD. The sub-districts in the north (altitude > 1,000 m above mean sea level) had significantly (P=0.008) higher incidences of outbreaks in winter than in summer. The sub-districts that shared border with India had significantly more outbreaks than those that didn't (P=0.001). Cattle were the most predominant species affected being involved in all of the outbreaks reported. Serotype O, which constituted 70.6% of the outbreaks typed was the most predominant serotype prevalent in Bhutan followed by A (16.7%), Asia 1 (8.8%), and C (3.9%). Cattle density was significantly positively correlated (P=0.023) with the incidence of disease. Three waves of outbreaks of epidemic proportions were reported in 1997/1998, 2002/2003, and 2007/2008 due to the PanAsia strain of the O serotype. The study highlights the incursion of the PanAsia strain of the O serotype into the country, possibly, through the transboundary movement of animals and the need for active surveillance of FMD, especially at the border areas. The study also highlights the significance of the O serotype and cattle as the main indicator species in the epidemiology of FMD in Bhutan. The findings from this study can be used as baseline epidemiological data for further research to understand the epidemiology of FMD in Bhutan."			<Go to ISI>://BCI:BCI201100173867
"V. G. Dugan, M. J. Yabsley, C. M. Tate, D. G. Mead, U. G. Munderloh, M. J. Herron, D. E. Stallknecht, S. E. Little and W. R. Davidson"	2006	Evaluation of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) as natural sentinels for Anaplasma phagocytophilum		Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases			6		2	192-207					Sum			Evaluation of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) as natural sentinels for Anaplasma phagocytophilum		1530-3667												BCI:BCI200600387005				"Anaplasma phagocytophilum, the causative agent of human granulocytotropic anaplasmosis, can infect white-tailed deer (WTD; Odocoileus virginianus), and this species is a crucial host for adult Ixodes scapularis, the primary vector of A. phagocytophilum. The goal of this study was to determine the geographic distribution of A. phagocytophilum among WTD across a 19 state region and to evaluate the utility of WTD as natural sentinels. Serologic testing using the indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) assay was conducted on WTD serum samples and molecular and xenodiagnostic tests were performed to confirm serologic results. The surveillance system was assessed through examination of vital attributes including WTD age and gender associations with serologic status, sample size adequacy for accurate infection status classification, and presence of the vector, I. scapularis. Six hundred thirty-three of 2,666 (24%) WTD in 17 states tested positive for antibodies (2:128) when tested by IFA assay. Testing for p44 and/or 16S rRNA gene targets identified 73 (16%) PCR positive WTD among 458 animals tested, all of which originated from seropoisitive populations. Attempts to culture A. phagocytophilum from WTD were unsuccessful; however, xenodiagnostic mice inoculated with blood from 3 WTD became infected. Seroprevalence did not differ by deer age or gender; however, WTD <= 0.75 years old had a higher prevalence of PCR positivity. Using seroprevalence data, a sample size of 6-9 animals per population was projected to be adequate for identifying seropositive populations. The presence of I. scapularis was significantly associated with A. phagocytophilum antibodies in WTD. Collectively, the results of this study demonstrate that WTD would be suitable natural sentinels tot this emerging zoonotic pathogen."	"Mead, Daniel/F-7501-2013"		<Go to ISI>://BCI:BCI200600387005
"C. J. Dugal, F. M. van Beest, E. Vander Wal and R. K. Brook"	2013	Targeting hunter distribution based on host resource selection and kill sites to manage disease risk		Ecology and Evolution			3		12	4265-4277					Oct			Targeting hunter distribution based on host resource selection and kill sites to manage disease risk		2045-7758												BCI:BCI201300786228				"Endemic and emerging diseases are rarely uniform in their spatial distribution or prevalence among cohorts of wildlife. Spatial models that quantify risk-driven differences in resource selection and hunter mortality of animals at fine spatial scales can assist disease management by identifying high-risk areas and individuals. We used resource selection functions (RSFs) and selection ratios (SRs) to quantify sex- and age-specific resource selection patterns of collared (n=67) and hunter-killed (n=796) nonmigratory elk (Cervus canadensis manitobensis) during the hunting season between 2002 and 2012, in southwestern Manitoba, Canada. Distance to protected area was the most important covariate influencing resource selection and hunter-kill sites of elk (AICw=1.00). Collared adult males (which are most likely to be infected with bovine tuberculosis (Mycobacterium bovis) and chronic wasting disease) rarely selected for sites outside of parks during the hunting season in contrast to adult females and juvenile males. The RSFs showed selection by adult females and juvenile males to be negatively associated with landscape-level forest cover, high road density, and water cover, whereas hunter-kill sites of these cohorts were positively associated with landscape-level forest cover and increasing distance to streams and negatively associated with high road density. Local-level forest was positively associated with collared animal locations and hunter-kill sites; however, selection was stronger for collared juvenile males and hunter-killed adult females. In instances where disease infects a metapopulation and eradication is infeasible, a principle goal of management is to limit the spread of disease among infected animals. We map high-risk areas that are regularly used by potentially infectious hosts but currently underrepresented in the distribution of kill sites. We present a novel application of widely available data to target hunter distribution based on host resource selection and kill sites as a promising tool for applying selective hunting to the management of transmissible diseases in a game species."	"van Beest, Floris/0000-0002-5701-4927"		<Go to ISI>://BCI:BCI201300786228
"M. S. Duffy, K. A. Waldrup, C. G. Mackintosh, A. J. Pearse, M. J. Taylor, R. E. Labes and M. D. B. Burt"	2001	Natural and experimental nematode infections in red deer (Cervus elaphus elaphus) and the potential for antemortem serodiagnosis of the tissue worm Elaphostrongylus cervi		Canadian Journal of Zoology			79		12	2246-2256					December			Natural and experimental nematode infections in red deer (Cervus elaphus elaphus) and the potential for antemortem serodiagnosis of the tissue worm Elaphostrongylus cervi		0008-4301												BCI:BCI200200185625				"Red deer (Cervus elaphus elaphus) were exposed to a variety of nematodes, either naturally on pasture (n=12) or experimentally under controlled conditions (n=30). Experimental exposures included a combination of one or more of Elaphostrongylus cervi, Dictyocaulus sp., and Muellerius capillaris. The prepatent period of E. cervi infections was 92-133 days post exposure (dpe) in 12 deer each given 20-42 infective larvae (L3) and maintained under controlled conditions. Adult E. cervi were recovered from all 12 animals at necropsy. The prepatent period of Dictyocaulus sp. was 23-37 dpe in 10 deer each given 100 L3 and maintained under controlled conditions. Adult Dictyocaulus sp. were recovered from seven animals at necropsy. No animal exposed to 42-54 M. capillaris L3 developed patent infections, nor were adult worms recovered at necropsy. There was no evidence of neurologic signs in any deer at any time during the experiment. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using somatic protein extracts of adult E. cervi or those from the closely related nematode Parelaphostrongylus tenuis was evaluated. Although the ELISA was sensitive, it lacked specificity with heterologous infections. However, the close phylogenetic relationship of E. cervi to P. tenuis, and our ELISA results, suggest that molecules from P. tenuis may represent a viable alternative source for use in the future development of a reliable antemortem serodiagnostic assay for E. cervi."			<Go to ISI>://BCI:BCI200200185625
"M. S. Duffy, N. MacAfee, M. D. B. Burt and J. A. Appleton"	2002	An aspartyl protease inhibitor orthologue expressed by Parelaphostrongylus tenuis is immunogenic in an atypical host		Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology			9		4	763-770					July			An aspartyl protease inhibitor orthologue expressed by Parelaphostrongylus tenuis is immunogenic in an atypical host		1071-412X												BCI:BCI200200448820				"Parelaphostrongylus tenuis is a neurotropic nematode common in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) of eastern North America. This parasite is the causative agent of a debilitating neurologic disease in atypical hosts, including domestic livestock. In order to identify proteins of potential significance in the host-parasite relationship, a cDNA library was produced from adult P. tenuis mRNA. Screening the library with antisera from infected red deer (Cervus elaphus elaphus) and immunized AO strain rats, we identified clones with sequence similarities to aspartyl protease inhibitors from several parasitic nematodes. Antibody that was generated against this recombinant protein of P. tenuis (Pt-API-1) detected the native protein in E/S products, in muscle and gonad, and on the surface of the cuticle of adult male and female P. tenuis. The native protein was detected in internal structures of first-stage (L1) and third-stage (L3) larvae. Reverse transcription-PCR confirmed expression of Pt-api-1 in L1, L3, and adult male and female worms. Expression of Pt-API-1 throughout the life cycle of P. tenuis suggests an essential function. Antibodies specific for recombinant Pt-API-1 were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in sera from 12 red deer experimentally infected with P. tenuis. Antibodies were detected within 28 to 56 days postinfection. Responses were sustained or biphasic in animals with patent infections, consistent with expression of Pt-API-1 by L1. Our results are compatible with findings in other parasitic nematodes showing that aspartyl protease inhibitors are highly immunogenic."			<Go to ISI>://BCI:BCI200200448820
"M. S. Duffy, N. J. Keppie and M. D. B. Burt"	1999	The potential for false-positive diagnosis of protostrongyliasis by extraction of larvae from feces		Journal of Wildlife Diseases			35		4	783-785					Oct.			The potential for false-positive diagnosis of protostrongyliasis by extraction of larvae from feces		0090-3558												BCI:BCI200000016724				"The potential of protostrongylid first-stage larvae (L1) to survive passage through the alimentary canal of non-infected mammals was investigated. Parelaphostrongylus tenuis L1 were collected from feces of an experimentally infected white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus). We utilized two red deer (Cervus elaphus) and four laboratory rats (Rattus norvegicus) which were each fed the L1 of P. tenuis. Larvae were recovered, intact and alive, from the fecal samples of all six animals. Larvae of P. tenuis, and probably of other related species, can survive passage through the alimentary canal of uninfected mammals and they can be collected from feces using the Baermann technique and other related larval extraction methods. Rain water was found to be successful in the dispersal of P. tenuis L1 from the feces of infected animals. These findings raise the possibility of ingestion of L1 and their subsequent passage, by uninfected animals. This potential for false-positive diagnosis of infection in live animals necessitates accurate interpretation of a host's infection-status. Such findings reinforce the need for a reliable method of diagnosing infections in live animals."			<Go to ISI>://BCI:BCI200000016724
"M. S. Duffy, T. A. Greaves, N. J. Keppie and M. D. B. Burt"	2002	Meningeal worm is a long-lived parasitic nematode in white-tailed deer		Journal of Wildlife Diseases			38		2	448-452					April			Meningeal worm is a long-lived parasitic nematode in white-tailed deer		0090-3558												BCI:BCI200200345598				"A natural infection of the meningeal worm, Parelaphostrongylus tenuis, persisted for at least 3.7 yr in a white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus). The deer was 5-7 yr old and was shedding dorsal-spined nematode larvae at the time of quarantine. Larvae were extracted from all fecal samples collected up to 730 days post-quarantine (dpq) and thereafter only at 862 dpq and at necropsy (1,350 dpq). Live adults of P. tenuis, one male and one female, were recovered from the cranium at necropsy. Parelaphostrongylus tenuis infections are long lived and latent periods may be extended. Our findings reaffirm the need for reliable antemortem diagnosis to identify non-patent P. tenuis infections to prevent inadvertent introduction of infected animals to non-endemic areas."			<Go to ISI>://BCI:BCI200200345598
"M. S. Duffy, T. A. Greaves and M. D. B. Burt"	2004	"Establishment of adult Parelaphostrongylus tenuis, patent infections, and acquired immunity after experimental infection of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) and red deer (Cervus elaphus elaphus)"		Journal of Parasitology			90		2	245-254					April			"Establishment of adult Parelaphostrongylus tenuis, patent infections, and acquired immunity after experimental infection of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) and red deer (Cervus elaphus elaphus)"		0022-3395												BCI:BCI200400301498				"Experimental Parelaphostrongylus tenuis infections were established in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) and an atypical host, red deer (Cervus elaphus elaphus). Groups of deer were fed 10, 25, or 100 third-stage larvae (L3) of P. tenuis and received a single equivalent challenge exposure at varying intervals. Infections were monitored up to 6 yr in white-tailed deer and up to 2.8 yr in red deer. The prepatent period in white-tailed deer varied from 9 1 to 1,072 days (381 +/- 374) and in red deer from 105 to 358 days (167 +/- 77). Adult worms lived for up to 6 yr in white-tailed deer. Although most had patent infections until necropsy, latent periods were observed regardless of season. Adult worms lived for up to 2.8 yr in red deer, and patent infections persisted for 20-363 days (152 +/- 106). Patent infections were correlated with the presence of adult worms in blood vessels and sinuses of both deer species. Worms were restricted to the subdural space in all deer with latent and occult infections. Adult worm recovery in white-tailed deer fed 10 or 25 L3 corresponded to the mean intensities reported in natural infections of white-tailed deer. Recovery from deer fed 100 L3 was not typical of natural infection intensities. Adult P. tenuis established in all groups of red deer, but neurologic disease was restricted to animals fed 100 L3. Acute neurologic disease was associated with subdural hemorrhage and occurred at 11 mo postinfection in 2 red deer. The absence of postchallenge patent periods and the persistence of occult infections indicated that challenge exposures did not establish. These data indicate that acquired immunity to P. tenuis was established by 6 mo postinfection in both white-tailed and red deer. Latent periods in white-tailed deer and latent infections in red deer reinforce the need for a reliable diagnostic assay."			<Go to ISI>://BCI:BCI200400301498
M. S. Duffy and M. D. B. Burt	2002	Identification of antigens with potential for immunodiagnosis of Parelaphostrongylus tenuis and Elaphostrongylus cervi infections in red deer (Cervus elaphus elaphus)		Journal of Parasitology			88		3	587-593					June			Identification of antigens with potential for immunodiagnosis of Parelaphostrongylus tenuis and Elaphostrongylus cervi infections in red deer (Cervus elaphus elaphus)		0022-3395												BCI:BCI200200414483				"Red deer (Cervus elaphus elaphus) were infected experimentally with Parelaphostrongylus tenuis in New Brunswick, Canada, and with Elaphostrongylus cervi in New Zealand. Excretory-secretory (E-S) antigens from adult P. tenuis were evaluated for their serodiagnostic potential in identifying P. tenuis and heterologous E. cervi infections in a Western blot. The antigen recognition profile of sera from animals infected with P. tenuis varied between individuals and with duration of infections, whereas that of pooled sera from animals infected with E. cervi showed less variation. A single molecule of 42-43 kDa was recognized consistently by sera from all animals infected with either P. tenuis or E. cervi. Sera from unexposed control deer and from those with other heterologous nematode infections did not consistently identify this antigen. Serorecognition of the 42-43-kDa antigen by deer infected with P. tenuis resulted in a sensitivity of 99% and a specificity of 85% (gtoreq1 mo postinfection). Although antibody to this antigen waned with time, the persistence of recognition up to 34 mo postinfection with P. tenuis exemplifies its diagnostic value. The sensitivity and specificity of diagnosis using this molecule were each 100% for identifying deer infected with E. cervi (gtoreq3 mo postinfection). Two other molecules from E-S of adult P. tenuis, 26-28 and 10-12 kDa, were also diagnostic, although their recognition was not persistent throughout infections. These 2 molecules may prove useful in combination with the 42-43-kDa antigen to help identify all infected animals during all phases of infections. This research represents the first conclusive identification of antigens with real potential for reliable antemortem immunodiagnosis of both P. tenuis infections and heterologous E. cervi infections."			<Go to ISI>://BCI:BCI200200414483
"D. C. Duffy, R. Downer and C. Brinkley"	1992	THE EFFECTIVENESS OF HELMETED GUINEAFOWL IN THE CONTROL OF THE DEER TICK THE VECTOR OF LYME DISEASE		Wilson Bulletin			104		2	342-345								THE EFFECTIVENESS OF HELMETED GUINEAFOWL IN THE CONTROL OF THE DEER TICK THE VECTOR OF LYME DISEASE		0043-5643												BCI:BCI199243044344							<Go to ISI>://BCI:BCI199243044344
"D. C. Duffy, S. R. Campbell, D. Clark, C. Dimotta and S. Gurney"	1994	"Ixodes scapularis (Acari: Ixodidae) deer tick mesoscale populations in natural areas: Effects of deer area, and location"		Journal of Medical Entomology			31		1	152-158								"Ixodes scapularis (Acari: Ixodidae) deer tick mesoscale populations in natural areas: Effects of deer area, and location"		0022-2585												BCI:BCI199497267395				"Nymphal Ixodes scapularis Say deer ticks were collected at 22 parks or other natural areas on Long Island, New York, to examine the relationship between tick populations and geographic position, size of area, presence of white-tailed deer, Odocoileus virginianus (Zimmerman), and numbers of human Lyme disease cases in adjacent communities. Nymphal ticks were 93% less abundant when deer were absent and were also less common in smaller natural areas. Geographic position on Long Island was not important. Tick numbers were significantly correlated with human Lyme disease incidence in adjacent townships. A second survey of larval ticks from five areas where deer were absent and six where deer were present found larvae present at four of the five sites without deer, but at only 2% of the levels found where deer were present. These results suggest that populations of I. scapularis can occur and reproduce in the absence of white-tailed deer, so that eradication of all deer would greatly reduce, but not eliminate, all risk of Lyme disease."			<Go to ISI>://BCI:BCI199497267395
"K. Dudek, D. Bednarek, E. Szacawa, R. D. Ayling, M. K. Krzysiak and J. Marczuk"	2015	A serological and molecular study on the occurrence of mycoplasmas in European bison (Bison bonasus) from two areas of Eastern Poland		Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences			18		4	881-883								A serological and molecular study on the occurrence of mycoplasmas in European bison (Bison bonasus) from two areas of Eastern Poland		1505-1773												BCI:BCI201600171468				"European bison (Bison bonasus) from two different areas of Eastern Poland showing gross pathology possibly associated with mycoplasma infections were tested for ruminant Mycoplasma species using serological and molecular methods. Fifty-five samples, blood or tissue were collected from 28 animals during 2013-2014. Six sera were positive for Mycoplasma bovis. The ELISA and complement fixation test for Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides gave a few weak reactions, but were negative by immunoblotting and molecular methods."	"APHA, Staff publications/E-6082-2010; Ayling, Roger/C-7567-2011"		<Go to ISI>://BCI:BCI201600171468
"J. Ducrocq, G. Beauchamp, S. Kutz, M. Simard, J. Taillon, S. D. Cote, V. Brodeur and S. Lair"	2013	VARIABLES ASSOCIATED WITH BESNOITIA TARANDI PREVALENCE AND CYST DENSITY IN BARREN-GROUND CARIBOU (RANGIFER TARANDUS) POPULATIONS		Journal of Wildlife Diseases			49		1	29-38					Jan			VARIABLES ASSOCIATED WITH BESNOITIA TARANDI PREVALENCE AND CYST DENSITY IN BARREN-GROUND CARIBOU (RANGIFER TARANDUS) POPULATIONS		0090-3558												BCI:BCI201300240830				"Besnoitia tarandi has been documented in free-ranging reindeer and caribou (Rangifer tarandus spp.) since 1922 throughout their arctic and subarctic ranges; however, very little is known about its epidemiology. We evaluated variables associated with B. tarandi prevalence and cyst density with the use of barren-ground caribou (Rangifer tarandus) from two migratory herds in northern Quebec: the Riviere-aux-Feuilles and the Riviere-George herds. Diagnosis of infection was made upon the microscopic observation of characteristic cysts in a formalin-fixed section of skin from the anterior aspect of the metatarsus. The density of cysts (number of B. tarandi cysts/mm(2)) was calculated in a section of the dermis extending from the epidermis of the skin to the base of the hair follicles and adnexal structures. Statistically significant associations between B. tarandi prevalence and cyst density, sex, age, and time of harvest were observed. Male caribou had a slightly higher prevalence compared to females, whereas cyst densities were similar between sexes. We found a nonlinear increase in the odds of infection by B. tarandi by age combined with the opposite trend for intensity of infection. Higher B. tarandi prevalence was observed in caribou sampled in the fall compared to June of the same year, suggesting that transmission is increased during the summer. Higher densities of cysts observed during the fall compared to June of the following year may be the result of the elimination of B. tarandi cysts from the dermis during the winter, or lower winter survival of heavily infected caribou. Comparisons of B. tarandi prevalence and density across herds should take into account these different variables."			<Go to ISI>://BCI:BCI201300240830
"J. Ducrocq, G. Beauchamp, S. Kutz, M. Simard, B. Elkin, B. Croft, J. Taillon, S. D. Cote, V. Brodeur, M. Campbe, D. Cooley, C. Cuyler and S. Lair"	2012	COMPARISON OF GROSS VISUAL AND MICROSCOPIC ASSESSMENT OF FOUR ANATOMIC SITES TO MONITOR BESNOITIA TARANDI IN BARREN-GROUND CARIBOU (RANGIFER TARANDUS)		Journal of Wildlife Diseases			48		3	732-738					Jul			COMPARISON OF GROSS VISUAL AND MICROSCOPIC ASSESSMENT OF FOUR ANATOMIC SITES TO MONITOR BESNOITIA TARANDI IN BARREN-GROUND CARIBOU (RANGIFER TARANDUS)		0090-3558												BCI:BCI201200561158				"The objective of this study was to establish a standardized protocol to monitor Besnoitia tarandi prevalence and intensity in barren-ground caribou (Rangifer tarandus) herds by: I) calculating the relative sensitivity and specificity of the gross visual assessment of four anatomical sites compared with microscopic evaluation, and 2) determining which of four anatomical sampling sites was the most sensitive for detecting B. tarandi cysts by microscopy. Sampled tissues consisted of the conjunctiva of the left eye and skin sections from the rostrum, metatarsus, and thigh from 312 harvested caribou. Diagnosis of infection with B. tarandi was based on observation of at least one cyst by microscopic examination. For each tissue, the maximal density of cysts (number of B. tarandi cysts/mm(2) in the section examined) was calculated for a measured area consisting of the dermis extending from the epidermis of the skin to the base of the hair follicles and adnexal structures. For the conjunctiva, the entire submucosa was evaluated. Gross visual evaluation markedly underestimated B. tarandi prevalence in caribou with a relative sensitivity ranging from 0.29 in the conjunctiva to 0.13 in the skin section from the thigh, whereas relative specificities ranged from 0.98 to 1.00. The metatarsus and rostrum skin sections had the highest probabilities of cyst detection of all four anatomical sampling sites. The metatarsus harbored significantly higher densities of B. tarandi cysts than the rostrum, thigh, or conjunctiva. In conclusion, microscopic evaluation of a skin section from the anterior aspect of the mid-third portion of the metatarsal region could be used as a standardized comparative indicator of density of B. tarandi infection in Rangifer."			<Go to ISI>://BCI:BCI201200561158
"H. T. Dublin, A. R. E. Sinclair, S. Boutin, E. Anderson, M. Jago and P. Arcese"	1990	DOES COMPETITION REGULATE UNGULATE POPULATIONS FURTHER EVIDENCE FROM SERENGETI TANZANIA		Oecologia (Berlin)			82		2	283-288								DOES COMPETITION REGULATE UNGULATE POPULATIONS FURTHER EVIDENCE FROM SERENGETI TANZANIA		0029-8549												BCI:BCI199089092013				"Changes in populations of several ungulate species in the Serengeti-Mara region of East Africa over the past 30 years suggest several hypotheses for their regulation and coexistence. Recent censuses in the 1980s have allowed us to test the hypotheses that: (1) there was competition between wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus) and Thomson's gazelle (Gazella thomsoni). This predicted that gazelle numbers should have declined in the 1980s when wildebeest were food limited. Census figures show no change in gazelle numbers between 1978 and 1986, a result contrary to the interspecific competition hypothesis; (2) wildebeest and African buffalo (Syncerus caffer) populations were regulated by intraspecific competition for food. Since both populations reached food limitation in the 1970s, the hypothesis predicted that the populations should have been stable in the 1980s. The results confirm these predictions for wildebeest and the buffalo population in the Mara reserve. In the Serengeti the buffalo population declined 41% over the period 1976-1984. The decline was not evenly distributed over the park, some areas showing an 80-90% decline, others no change or an increase in numbers. The decline was associated with proximity to human habitation; (3) an outbreak of the viral disease, rinderpest, in 1982 may have been the cause of the drop in buffalo population. Blood serum samples to measure the prevalence of antibodies were collected from areas of decreasing, stable and increasing populations. If rinderpest was the cause of decrease there should be a negative relationship between the prevalence of rinderpest and the instantaneous rate of increase (r). The results showed no relationship. We conclude that rinderpest was not the major cause of the drop in buffalo numbers. Elephant (Loxodonta africana) numbers dropped 81% in Serengeti in the period 1977-1986. In the Mara there was little change. The evidence suggests that extensive poaching in northern and western Serengeti during 1979-1984 accounted for the drop in both elephant and buffalo numbers."	"Boutin, Stan/A-2619-2014"		
"Boutin, Stan/0000-0001-6317-038X"		<Go to ISI>://BCI:BCI199089092013																																					
"J. P. Dubey, K. Van Why, S. K. Verma, S. Choudhary, O. C. H. Kwok, A. Khan, M. S. Behinke, L. D. Sibley, L. R. Ferreira, S. Oliveira, M. Weaver, R. Stewart and C. Su"	2014	Genotyping Toxoplasma gondii from wildlife in Pennsylvania and identification of natural recombinants virulent to mice		Veterinary Parasitology			200		2-Jan	74-84					Feb			Genotyping Toxoplasma gondii from wildlife in Pennsylvania and identification of natural recombinants virulent to mice		0304-4017												BCI:BCI201400286618				"Recent studies indicated the predominance of Toxoplasma gondii haplogroup 12 in wildlife in the USA. However, still little is known of the genetic diversity of this parasite circulating in wildlife. In the present study, we tested coyotes (Canis latrans), red foxes (Vulpes vulpes), white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), and geese (Branta canadensis) from the state of Pennsylvania for T. gondii infection. Antibodies to T. gondii were found in 160 of 367 animals, including 92 (34.5%) of 266 coyotes, 49 (62.0%) of 79 white-tailed deer, 17 (85.0%) of 20 red fox, and two of two Canada geese tested by the modified agglutination test (cut off titer 1:25). Tissues from 105 seropositive animals were bioassayed in mice, and viable T. gondii was isolated from 29 animals, including 10 of 53 coyotes, 11 of 16 foxes, 7 of 49 deer, and one of one goose. DNA isolated from culture-derived tachyzoites of these isolates was characterized initially using multilocus PCR-RFLP markers. Nine genotypes were revealed, including ToxoDB PCR-RFLP #1(4 isolates), #2 (2 isolates), #3 (4 isolates), #4(6 isolates), #5 (4 isolates), #54 (1 isolate), #141 (1 isolate), #143 (1 isolate), and #216 (6 isolates), indicating high genetic diversity of T. gondii in wildlife in Pennsylvania. Pathogenicity of six T. gondii isolates (5 of #216 and #141) was determined in outbred Swiss Webster mice. Three of #216 and the #141 isolates were acute virulent to mice, and the other 2 #216 isolates were intermediate virulent. To determine the extent of genetic variation of these as well as a few recently reported virulent isolates from wildlife in North America, intron sequences were generated. Analysis of intron sequences and PCR-RFLP genotyping results indicated that the #216 isolates are likely derived from recombination of the clonal type I and III lineages. To determine if T. gondii virulence can be predicted by typing, we genotyped a collection of strains using PCR-RFLP markers for polymorphic genes ROP5, ROP16, ROP18 and GRA15, which are known to interact with host immune response. The results showed that there is an association of genotypes of ROP5 and ROP18 with mouse-virulence, however, additional gene(s) may also contribute to virulence in distinct T. gondii genotypes. Published by Elsevier B.V."	"Behnke, Michael/R-8839-2016; Su, Chunlei/M-1892-2013; Oliveira, Solange/B-7544-2014"		
"Behnke, Michael/0000-0002-4668-8109; Su, Chunlei/0000-0001-8392-7108; Oliveira, Solange/0000-0003-3209-1878"		<Go to ISI>://BCI:BCI201400286618																																					
"J. P. Dubey, C. Sreekumar, B. M. Rosenthal, M. C. B. Vianna, M. Nylund, S. Nikander and A. Oksanen"	2004	Redescription of Besnoitia tarandi (Protozoa: Apicomplexa) from the reindeer (Rangifer tarandus)		International Journal for Parasitology			34		11	1273-1287					October			Redescription of Besnoitia tarandi (Protozoa: Apicomplexa) from the reindeer (Rangifer tarandus)		0020-7519												BCI:BCI200500077957				"Besnoitia tarandi tissue cysts were found in naturally-infected reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) from Finland. Infectivity of its tissue cysts, bradyzoites, and tachyzoites to animals and cell culture was studied. The bradyzoites and tissue cysts were not infectious to out-bred mice, rabbits or gerbils. When fed tissue cysts, neither cats nor dogs excreted oocysts. However, the parasite was lethal to interferon-gamma gene knock out mice irrespective of the route of inoculation. The parasite was grown successfully in African Green Monkey cells from tissues of two reindeer for the first time. Non-dividing, uninucleate tachyzoites from smears from cell cultures were 5.6 x 1.4 mum (4.5-7.4 x 1.0-1.9, n = 50) in size. Longitudinally-cut bradyzoites in tissue sections measured 7.4 x 1.3 mum (6.5-7.8 x 1.0-1.6, n = 30). Ultrastructurally, tachyzoites and bradyzoites were similar to those in other Besnoitia species, and in particular to parasites described from cattle (Besnoitia besnoiti) and equids (Besnoitia bennetti) in that their bradyzoites lacked enigmatic bodies. Based on comparative analysis of three portions of nuclear ribosomal DNA (the small and large subunits and the first internal transcribed spacer) B. tarandi was found to be more closely related to the other congeners described from ungulates. The parasite was formally redescribed and specimens deposited in the US National Parasite Collection. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Australian Society for Parasitology Inc."	"Chirukandoth, Sreekumar/0000-0003-2875-4034; Rosenthal, Benjamin/0000-0002-0224-3773"		<Go to ISI>://BCI:BCI200500077957
"C. Caruso, R. Prato, F. Ingravalle, D. Vecchio, A. Sciarra, M. Ternavasio, L. Ceccarelli, A. Martucciello, G. Galiero, E. De Carlo and L. Masoero"	2016	Prevalence of antibodies against Bubaline herpesvirus (BuHV-1) among Mediterranean water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) with implications in buffalo trade		Veterinary Quarterly			36		4	184-188					Dec			Prevalence of antibodies against Bubaline herpesvirus (BuHV-1) among Mediterranean water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) with implications in buffalo trade		0165-2176												BCI:BCI201700044006				"Background: Both Bovine herpesvirus (BoHV-1) and Bubaline herpesvirus (BuHV-1) have been reported to cross the species barrier. Antibody seroconversion in glycoprotein E (gE) blocking ELISA during BuHV-1 infection has been documented. Recent diagnostic efforts have focused on the development and application of discriminatory tests to distinguish between infections with BoHV-1 and BuHV-1.Objective: To evaluate the impact and distribution of these two infections in water buffalo farms in two regions (Piedmont (n = 3) and Campania (n = 10), Italy) where infectious bovine rhinotracheitis control programs have been implemented.Animals and methods: Sampling was carried out on 13 buffalo farms comprising 1089 animals using specific gE-indirect ELISA's test able to discriminate among BoHV-1 and BuHV-1 infections.Results: 59.0% of animals reacted positive to ELISA (irrespective of whether BoHV-1 or BuHV-1 antigen was used) and 86.4% of these were reactive to BuHV-1 only, whereas 11.8% showed absorbance values for both antigens and were classified as inconclusive. There was a statistically significant age-related difference in BuHV-1 infection rates but not in overall individual (47% vs. 58%) or herd prevalence (100% vs. 90%) of infection between the two regions.Conclusion: The low percentage of sera reactive to BoHV-1 (1.8%, 12/643) indicates that BuHV-1 may be the main circulating alphaherpesvirus infection in Mediterranean water buffalo in the two study areas. Since Bubalus bubalis is included in Directive 64/432/EEC on animal health problems affecting intra-community trade in bovine animals, diagnostic testing with nonspecific ELISA for BoHV-1 infection in buffalo may yield false-positive reactions. This scenario could lead to economic losses and hamper buffalo trade and movement, particularly for reproduction purposes."	"Vecchio, Domenico/0000-0002-8766-7224"		<Go to ISI>://BCI:BCI201700044006
"C. Caruso, S. Peletto, F. Cerutti, P. Modesto, S. Robetto, L. Domenis, L. Masoero and P. L. Acutis"	2017	Evidence of circulation of the novel border disease virus genotype 8 in chamois		Archives of Virology			162		2	511-515					Feb			Evidence of circulation of the novel border disease virus genotype 8 in chamois		0304-8608												BCI:BCI201700312579				"Evidence of association between the novel putative border disease virus genotype 8 (BDV-8) and fatal disease in an Alpine chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra) is reported. Diagnostically, we also demonstrated, as already previously reported, the failure of BDV-specific primers (PDB1 and PDB2) to detect BDV-8."	"Cerutti, Francesco/J-5920-2016; Acutis, Pier Luigi/G-4802-2013"		
"Cerutti, Francesco/0000-0003-0480-8296; Acutis, Pier Luigi/0000-0003-4814-2924"		<Go to ISI>://BCI:BCI201700312579																																					
"T. Carta, M. P. Martin-Hernando, M. Boadella, I. G. Fernandez-de-Mera, A. Balseiro, I. A. Sevilla, J. Vicente, E. Maio, M. Vieira-Pinto, J. Alvarez, J. M. Perez-de-la-Lastra, J. Garrido and C. Gortazar"	2012	No evidence that wild red deer (Cervus elaphus) on the Iberian Peninsula are a reservoir of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis infection		Veterinary Journal			192		3	544-546					Jun			No evidence that wild red deer (Cervus elaphus) on the Iberian Peninsula are a reservoir of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis infection		1090-0233												BCI:BCI201200564358				"The potential role of red deer (Cervus elaphus) as a reservoir of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) infection is largely unknown. A total of 332 wild red deer were investigated using postmortem examination, bacteriology and serology. Only three animals (1.12%) were found to have lesions on histopathological examination and no MAP bacteria were recovered on culture. The results suggest it is unlikely that wild red deer make a significant contribution to the maintenance of MAP infection in the region. The cross-reactivity of the ELISAs used indicates this diagnostic modality is ineffective in the detection of MAP infection in this species. The implications of these results for the control of this important pathogen in both livestock and wildlife are discussed. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved."	"Sevilla, Iker/O-6060-2014; Alvarez, Julio/H-8292-2013; Gortazar, Christian/E-7918-2012; Fernandez de Mera, Isabel/F-6623-2013; Vicente, Joaquin/K-7822-2013; GARRIDO, JOSEBA/L-3202-2014; Perez de la Lastra, Jose/F-9184-2013; Account for bibliometric studies, IT VISAVET/C-3115-2014; Boadella, Mariana/I-8029-2012"		
"Sevilla, Iker/0000-0003-3968-3390; Alvarez, Julio/0000-0002-8999-9417; Gortazar, Christian/0000-0003-0012-4006; Fernandez de Mera, Isabel/0000-0001-5936-4018; Vicente, Joaquin/0000-0001-8416-3672; Perez de la Lastra, Jose/0000-0003-4663-5565; Account for bibliometric studies, IT VISAVET/0000-0003-3319-0050; Boadella, Mariana/0000-0001-6402-9927; Maio, Elisa/0000-0001-7909-7295; Vieira-Pinto, Madalena/0000-0002-8588-7071"		<Go to ISI>://BCI:BCI201200564358																																					
"M. Carstensen, D. J. O'Brien and S. M. Schmitt"	2011	Public acceptance as a determinant of management strategies for bovine tuberculosis in free-ranging U.S. wildlife		Veterinary Microbiology			151		"1-2, Sp. Iss. SI"	200-204					5-Jul			Public acceptance as a determinant of management strategies for bovine tuberculosis in free-ranging U.S. wildlife		0378-1135												BCI:BCI201100491763				"When bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is detected in free-ranging wildlife populations, preventing geographic spread and the establishment of a wildlife reservoir requires rapid, often aggressive response. Public tolerance can exert a significant effect on potential control measures available to managers, and thus on the success of disease management efforts. Separate outbreaks of bTB in free-ranging white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in two midwestern states provide a case study.In Minnesota, bTB was first discovered in cattle in 2005 and subsequently in deer. To date, 12 beef cattle farms and 26 white-tailed deer have been found infected with the disease. From 2005 to 2008, disease prevalence in deer has decreased from 0.4% (SE = 0.2%) to <0.1% and remained confined to a small (<425 km(2)) geographic area. Deer population reduction through liberalized hunting and targeted culling by ground sharpshooting and aerial gunning, combined with a prohibition on baiting and recreational feeding, have likely been major drivers preventing disease spread thus far. Without support from cattle producers, deer hunters and the general public, as well as politicians, implementation of these aggressive strategies by state and federal authorities would not have been possible.In contrast, Michigan first discovered bovine bTB in free-ranging deer in 1975, and disease management efforts were not instituted until 1995. The first infected cattle herd was diagnosed in 1998. Since 1995, disease prevalence in free-ranging deer has decreased from 4.9% to 1.8% in the similar to 1500 km(2) core outbreak area. Culture positive deer have been found as far as 188 km from the core area. Liberalized harvest and restrictions on baiting and feeding have facilitated substantial reductions in prevalence. However, there has been little support on the part of hunters, farmers or the general public for more aggressive population reduction measures such as culling, and compliance with baiting and feeding restrictions has been variable and often problematic.We compare and contrast the Minnesota and Michigan outbreaks with respect to temporal, social, economic, and logistical factors that shape public attitudes toward aggressive disease control strategies, the limitations these factors place on management, and the implications for bTB eradication from wildlife reservoirs in the U.S. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved."	"O'Brien, Daniel/J-7576-2018"		
"O'Brien, Daniel/0000-0001-7694-0806"		<Go to ISI>://BCI:BCI201100491763																																					
"D. Carroll, J. Wang, S. Fanning and B. J. McMahon"	2015	Antimicrobial Resistance in Wildlife: Implications for Public Health		Zoonoses and Public Health			62		7	534-542					Nov			Antimicrobial Resistance in Wildlife: Implications for Public Health		1863-1959												BCI:BCI201500804914				"The emergence and spread of antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) bacteria in natural environments is a major concern with serious implications for human and animal health. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of AMR Escherichia coli (E.coli) in wild birds and mammalian species. Thirty faecal samples were collected from each of the following wildlife species: herring gulls (Larus argentatus), black-headed gulls (Larus ridibundus), lesser black-back gulls (Larus fuscus), hybrid deer species (Cervus elaphus x Cervus nippon) and twenty-six from starlings (Sturnus vulgaris). A total of 115 E.coli isolates were isolated from 81 of 146 samples. Confirmed E.coli isolates were tested for their susceptibility to seven antimicrobial agents by disc diffusion. In total, 5.4% (8/146) of samples exhibited multidrug-resistant phenotypes. The phylogenetic group and AMR-encoding genes of all multidrug resistance isolates were determined by PCR. Tetracycline-, ampicillin- and streptomycin-resistant isolates were the most common resistant phenotypes. The following genes were identified in E.coli: bla(TEM,)strA, tet(A) and tet(B). Plasmids were identified in all samples that exhibited multidrug-resistant phenotypes. This study indicates that wild birds and mammals may function as important host reservoirs and potential vectors for the spread of resistant bacteria and genetic determinants of AMR."	"McMahon, Barry John/0000-0003-3143-8075; Fanning, Seamus/0000-0002-1922-8836"		<Go to ISI>://BCI:BCI201500804914
"M. J. Carrigan, H. J. S. Dawkins, F. A. Cockram and A. T. Hansen"	1991	PASTEURELLA-MULTOCIDA SEPTICEMIA IN FALLOW DEER DAMA-DAMA		Australian Veterinary Journal			68		6	201-203								PASTEURELLA-MULTOCIDA SEPTICEMIA IN FALLOW DEER DAMA-DAMA		0005-0423												BCI:BCI199192088996				"Thirteen of 100 fallow deer, aged between 6 months and 10 years, died over a 5 week period. The deaths occurred in 2 outbreaks 3 weeks apart. Both outbreaks were preceded by at least 3 days of cold wet and windy weather, and were associated with water-logged pastures. Affected animals were usually found dead, with a frothy bloodstained nasal discharge. In the 8 deer necropsied, gross lesions included widespread subserosal petechial haemorrhages, severe pulmonary congestion and oedema with froth-filled airways, and fibrinous pneumonia and pleurisy in 4 deer. Two deer, also, had extensive subcutaneous petechial and ecchymotic haemorrhages and oedema of skeletal musculature. Histologically, the most significant lesions were present in the lungs. Moderate to severe pulmonary congestion and oedema, with fibrinous exudation into alveoli and septal oedema, were present in all deer. In some deer these changes were accompanied by a diffuse infiltration with polymorphonuclear leucocytes. Pasteurella multocida was isolated from a range of tissues from 7 of 8 deer examined. The remaining animal had been treated with antibiotics 8 hours before death. The isolates had identical polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis patterns and were of the same antigenic type - Carter group A, Heddleston type 3,4."			<Go to ISI>://BCI:BCI199192088996
"R. A. Carreno, L. A. Durden, D. R. Brooks, A. Abrams and E. P. Hoberg"	2001	Parelaphostrongylus tenuis (Nematoda: Protostrongylidae) and other parasites of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in Costa Rica		Comparative Parasitology			68		2	177-184					July			Parelaphostrongylus tenuis (Nematoda: Protostrongylidae) and other parasites of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in Costa Rica														BCI:BCI200100424384				"Parasites were collected from 2 female white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in the Area de Conservacion Guanacaste, Costa Rica, in early June 1999. Both deer were parasitized by the ticks Amblyomma parvum and Haemaphysalis juxtakochi as well as the hippoboscid fly, Lipoptena mazamae. One deer also hosted the ticks Boophilus microplus, Ixodes affinis, and Anocentor nitens. Both deer were infected by larvae of the nasopharyngeal botfly Cephenemyia jellisoni, and the helminths Eucyathostomum webbi, Gongylonema pulchrum, Parelaphostrongylus tenuis, and Paramphistomum liorchis, whereas Setaria yehi, an undescribed species of Ashworthius, and Onchocerca cervipedis occurred in single hosts. A cysticercus of Taenia omissa was found encapsulated in the lung parenchyma of 1 host. This is the first report of these endoparasites from Central America."			<Go to ISI>://BCI:BCI200100424384
"R. A. Carreno, N. Diez-Banos, M. d. R. Hidalgo-Argueello and S. A. Nadler"	2009	CHARACTERIZATION OF DICTYOCAULUS SPECIES (NEMATODA: TRICHOSTRONGYLOIDEA) FROM THREE SPECIES OF WILD RUMINANTS IN NORTHWESTERN SPAIN		Journal of Parasitology			95		4	966-970					Aug			CHARACTERIZATION OF DICTYOCAULUS SPECIES (NEMATODA: TRICHOSTRONGYLOIDEA) FROM THREE SPECIES OF WILD RUMINANTS IN NORTHWESTERN SPAIN		0022-3395												BCI:BCI200900544133				"Specimens of Dictyocaulus spp. were extracted from the respiratory tracts of 3 ruminant hosts including roe deer (Capreolus capreolus), red deer (Cervus elaphus), and chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra) from wild populations in the province of Leon. northwestern Spain. The near-complete nuclear small-subunit ribosomal RNA gene, and 2 regions of the large-subunit ribosomal RNA gene, were amplified by PCR and sequenced. The SSU rDNA gene sequences indicated a high level of similarity between the isolate from C elaphus and the published sequences for Dictyocaulus eckerii. SSU rDNA gene sequences were identical in the isolates from C capreolus and R. rupicapra, and both corresponded to published sequences for D. capreolus. The LSU rDNA gene sequences differed in isolates from the latter 2 hosts, indicating the possible presence of an undescribed Dictyocaulus sp. in R. rupicapra. These results showed that the LSU rDNA gene sequences are useful indicators of genetic and species diversity in species of Dictyocaulus."			<Go to ISI>://BCI:BCI200900544133
"R. Carrasco-Garcia, J. Angel Barasona, C. Gortazar, V. Montoro, J. Manuel Sanchez-Vizcaino and J. Vicente"	2016	Wildlife and livestock use of extensive farm resources in South Central Spain: implications for disease transmission		European Journal of Wildlife Research			62		1	65-78					Feb			Wildlife and livestock use of extensive farm resources in South Central Spain: implications for disease transmission		1612-4642												BCI:BCI201600202035				"The interactions of extensively farmed livestock with wild ungulates contribute to the transmission and maintenance of, among other diseases, tuberculosis (TB) at the interface in South Central Spain (SCS), where farming typically occurs close to wildlife habitats. The aim of this paper is to describe (i) the use of extensive farm resources by wildlife and livestock and (ii) the factors involved. Camera traps (CTs) were placed at a priori risk points (n = 149 points, 2145 CT days) for interspecies interactions: water points, buildings, food points, and acorn fields (which also provide rich pasture), on 11 representative extensive beef cattle (n = 6) and Iberian pig (n = 5) farms. The use of extensive farm resources by wild ungulates was frequent and widespread throughout the study area (over 50 % of daily presence per farm of either wild boar Sus scrofa or red deer Cervus elaphus). This presence increased when there was a high abundance of wild ungulates on nearby hunting estates. No direct interactions were detected, and livestock and wild ungulates partitioned resource use temporally, signifying that the interaction was mainly indirect. The wild species that used all farm resources with by far the most frequency was red deer, although its presence decreased markedly when far from woodland edges. The presence of cattle was positively associated with that of wild boar at all the CTs and specifically with red deer at water points and in acorn fields. Pig presence was negatively associated with that of wild boar, suggesting the existence of competence-mediated avoidance. We propose that interactions at the wildlife-livestock interfaces could be reduced by carrying out specific actions adapted to Mediterranean conditions and farm management: removing and segregating access to risky water points, the wise management of grazing in space and time, and protecting food-rich pasture plots and woodland edges by means of fencing, which is particularly interesting as regards attempting to prevent red deer from accessing areas occupied by livestock and vice versa. Biosecurity programs must be farm-specific, and the effectiveness, costs, and practical value of interventions should be adaptively evaluated in the field in future research."	"Sanchez-Vizcaino, Jose Manuel/G-6299-2015"		
"Sanchez-Vizcaino, Jose Manuel/0000-0002-1502-8968; Barasona, Jose Angel/0000-0003-4066-8454; Gortazar, Christian/0000-0003-0012-4006"		<Go to ISI>://BCI:BCI201600202035																																					
"G. Carpi, L. Bertolotti, E. Pecchioli, F. Cagnacci and A. Rizzoli"	2009	Anaplasma phagocytophilum groEL Gene Heterogeneity in Ixodes ricinus Larvae Feeding on Roe Deer in Northeastern Italy		Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases			9		2	179-184					Apr			Anaplasma phagocytophilum groEL Gene Heterogeneity in Ixodes ricinus Larvae Feeding on Roe Deer in Northeastern Italy		1530-3667												BCI:BCI200900323343				"Anaplasma phagocytophilum is an emerging tick-borne pathogen with both veterinary and human health implications. The role of wildlife hosts for this pathogen are not well defined, even thought roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) has been suggested to contribute to the occurrence of this tick-borne diseases in Europe. Therefore the aim of the present study was to investigate the potential role of this ungulate species as a reservoir of human pathogenic strains of A. phagocytophilum in a tick-borne diseases endemic area in Northeastern Italy. Ixodes ricinus feeding on roe deer were collected and analyzed for the presence for A. phagocytophilum by a molecular approach targeting 16S rRNA and groEL genes. The mean prevalence of A. phagocytophilum recorded was 5.11%, highlighting the ability of roe deer to infect the I. ricinus larval stage. The results of further genetic characterization of the strains of A. phagocytophilum herein isolated, based on phylogenetic information contained in groEL gene sequences, showed substantial heterogeneity among sequences analyzed. Nevertheless, these findings suggest that the roe deer population of the Trentino region of Italy harbors strains of A. phagocytophilum of unknown pathogenicity for humans."	"Rizzoli, Annapaola/B-8583-2011; Rizzoli, Annapaola/J-2439-2012; Cagnacci, Francesca/B-9397-2011; Bertolotti, Luigi/F-9236-2013; Cagnacci, Francesca/L-7377-2013"		
"Rizzoli, Annapaola/0000-0003-3997-6783; Cagnacci, Francesca/0000-0002-4954-9980; Bertolotti, Luigi/0000-0001-7931-4528; Cagnacci, Francesca/0000-0002-4954-9980"		<Go to ISI>://BCI:BCI200900323343																																					
"A. Caron, E. Miguel, C. Gomo, P. Makaya, D. M. Pfukenyi, C. Foggin, T. Hove and M. de Garine-Wichatitsky"	2013	Relationship between burden of infection in ungulate populations and wildlife/livestock interfaces		Epidemiology and Infection			141		"7, Sp. Iss. SI"	1522-1535					Jul			Relationship between burden of infection in ungulate populations and wildlife/livestock interfaces		0950-2688												BCI:BCI201300496560				"In southern African transfrontier conservation areas (TFCAs), people, livestock and wildlife share space and resources in semi-arid landscapes. One consequence of the coexistence of wild and domestic herbivores is the risk of pathogen transmission. This risk threatens local livelihoods relying on animal production, public health in the case of zoonoses, national economies in the context of transboundary animal diseases, and the success of integrated conservation and development initiatives. The level of interaction between sympatric wild and domestic hosts, defining different wildlife/livestock interfaces, characterizes opportunities of pathogen transmission between host populations. Exploring the relationship between infection burden and different types of wildlife/domestic interfaces is therefore necessary to manage the sanitary risk in animal populations through control options adapted to these multi-host systems. Here, we assessed the infection burdens of sympatric domestic cattle (Bos taurus/Bos indicus) and African buffalo (Syncerus caffer) at an unfenced interface and compared the infection burdens of cattle populations at different wildlife/livestock interfaces in the Great Limpopo TFCA. Patterns of infection in ungulate populations varied between wild and domestic hosts and between cattle populations at different wildlife/livestock interfaces. Foot-and-mouth disease, Rift Valley fever and theileriosis infections were detected in buffalo and cattle at unfenced interfaces; bovine tuberculosis was only present in buffalo; and brucellosis and lumpy skin disease only in cattle. At unfenced interfaces, cattle populations presented significantly higher Theileria parva and brucellosis prevalence. We hypothesize that cattle populations at wildlife/livestock interfaces face an increased risk of infection compared to those isolated from wildlife, and that the type of interface could influence the diversity and quantity of pathogens shared. Additional host behavioural and molecular epidemiological studies need to be conducted to support this hypothesis. If it is confirmed, the management of wildlife/livestock interfaces will need to be considered through the prism of livestock and public health."	"Caron, Alexandre/0000-0002-5213-3273"		<Go to ISI>://BCI:BCI201300496560
"A. Caron, P. C. Cross and J. T. Du Toit"	2003	Ecological implications of bovine tuberculosis in African buffalo herds		Ecological Applications			13		5	1338-1345					October			Ecological implications of bovine tuberculosis in African buffalo herds		1051-0761												BCI:BCI200400123041				"Following the recent invasion of bovine tuberculosis (BTB) into the Kruger National Park, South Africa, we conducted a study on the maintenance host, African buffalo, to investigate associations between BTB prevalence and calf:cow ratio, age structure, body condition, and endoparasite load. Statistical analyses compared herds of zero, medium (1-40%), and high (>40%) BTB prevalence. To control for ecological variation across the park we collected data in northern, central, and southern regions and restricted some analyses to particular regions of the park. Body condition declined over the course of the 2001 dry season, and buffaloes in the southern region of the park, with the highest BTB prevalence, were in worse condition than buffaloes in the northern region (which receives less annual rainfall but is still virtually BTB-free). Herd-level analyses of the entire park, the south and central regions, and just the southern region all indicated that herds of higher BTB prevalence were in worse condition and lost condition faster through the dry season than herds of lower BTB prevalence. Fecal endoparasite egg counts increased during the dry season and were associated with both decreased body condition and increased BTB prevalence. Although we did not detect any obvious effect of BTB on the age structure of the buffalo population, our findings indicate early symptoms of wider scale BTB-related ecological disturbances: buffalo herds with high BTB prevalence appear more vulnerable to drought (because of a decrease in body condition and an increase in endoparasite load), and because lions selectively kill weak buffaloes their prey base is accumulating a disproportionately high prevalence of BTB, to which lions are susceptible."	"du Toit, Johan/D-3390-2009"		
"du Toit, Johan/0000-0003-0705-7117; Cross, Paul/0000-0001-8045-5213; Caron, Alexandre/0000-0002-5213-3273"		<Go to ISI>://BCI:BCI200400123041																																					
"A. Caron, D. Cornelis, C. Foggin, M. Hofmeyr and M. de Garine-Wichatitsky"	2016	"African Buffalo Movement and Zoonotic Disease Risk across Transfrontier Conservation Areas, Southern Africa"		Emerging Infectious Diseases			22		2	277-280					Feb			"African Buffalo Movement and Zoonotic Disease Risk across Transfrontier Conservation Areas, Southern Africa"		1080-6040												BCI:BCI201600211638				"We report on the long-distance movements of subadult female buffalo within a Transfrontier Conservation Area in Africa. Our observations confirm that bovine tuberculosis and other diseases can spread between buffalo populations across national parks, community land, and countries, thus posing a risk to animal and human health in surrounding wildlife areas."			<Go to ISI>://BCI:BCI201600211638
"A. M. Carlsson, K. Wilson and R. J. Irvine"	2012	Development and application of a delayed-release anthelmintic intra-ruminal bolus system for experimental manipulation of nematode worm burdens		Parasitology			139		8	1086-1092					Jul			Development and application of a delayed-release anthelmintic intra-ruminal bolus system for experimental manipulation of nematode worm burdens		0031-1820												BCI:BCI201200614478				"In order to quantify the impact of parasites on host population dynamics, experimental manipulations that perturb the parasite-host relationship are needed but, logistically, this is difficult for wild hosts. Here, we describe the use of a delayed-release anthelmintic delivery system that can be administered when the hosts can be captured and its activity delayed until a more appropriate period in the host-parasite cycle. Our model system is Svalbard reindeer infected with a nematode parasite, Marshallagia marshalli, which appears to accumulate during the Arctic winter. To determine the extent to which this occurs and the effect on host fitness, reindeer need to be treated with anthelmintics in late autumn but they can only be caught and handled in April. To solve this problem, we devised an intra-ruminal capsule that releases the anthelmintic from up to 6 months after being administered. The capsule was trialed in cannulated sheep and red deer to determine optimum capsule orifice size and release rates. Capsules were estimated to release placebo for 100-153 days followed by abamectin for 22-34 days. To test the efficacy of treatment in reindeer, capsules were administered in April and retrieved in October. All capsules had fully released the anthelmintic and treated reindeer had significantly lower worm burdens than controls. Thus, success of this system allows repeated treatment over several years to test the effect of winter parasitism on host fitness."	"Irvine, Robert/G-5074-2012; Wilson, Kenneth/B-7452-2008"		
"Irvine, Robert/0000-0002-0411-6217; Wilson, Kenneth/0000-0001-5264-6522"		<Go to ISI>://BCI:BCI201200614478																																					
"A. M. Carlsson, R. J. Irvine, K. Wilson and S. J. Coulson"	2013	Adaptations to the Arctic: low-temperature development and cold tolerance in the free-living stages of a parasitic nematode from Svalbard		Polar Biology			36		7	997-1005					Jul			Adaptations to the Arctic: low-temperature development and cold tolerance in the free-living stages of a parasitic nematode from Svalbard		0722-4060												BCI:BCI201300603148				"For nematodes with a direct life cycle, transmission is highly dependent on temperature-related development and survival of the free-living stages. Therefore, in the Arctic, where the winter lasts from October to May, nematode transmission is expected to be focused in the short summer season, yet there is strong evidence that as well as focussing egg output during winter months, the nematode parasite, Marshallagia marshalli, infects Svalbard reindeer during the Arctic winter when temperatures are persistently below freezing. To investigate the potential for development and survival of eggs and infective third-stage larvae in winter and therefore the possibility of for winter transmission, we ran a series of low-temperature laboratory experiments. These provide five key insights into the transmission and survival of the free-living stages of M. marshalli: (1) eggs hatched at temperatures as low as 2 degrees C, but not below 0 degrees C, (2) eggs were viable and developed after being exposed to sub-zero temperatures for up to 28 months, (3) infective-stage larvae survived for up to 80 days at 5 degrees C, (4) infective-stage larvae could survive rapid exposure to temperatures below -30 degrees C, and (5) desiccation resistance may be important for long-term larval survival at low temperatures. Together, these results indicate that eggs deposited during the winter are highly tolerant of prevailing environmental conditions and have the potential for rapid development with the onset of spring. It is therefore likely that the parasite remains in the egg stage in the faeces during the winter of deposition, hatch and develop into the infective larval stage in the summer, remaining viable on the tundra until the reindeer host returns to the winter feeding grounds the following winter."	"Irvine, Robert/G-5074-2012; Wilson, Kenneth/B-7452-2008"		
"Irvine, Robert/0000-0002-0411-6217; Wilson, Kenneth/0000-0001-5264-6522"		<Go to ISI>://BCI:BCI201300603148																																					
"A. Carbonero, J. Paniagua, A. Torralbo, A. Arenas-Montes, C. Borge and I. Garcia-Bocanegra"	2014	"Campylobacter infection in wild artiodactyl species from southern Spain: Occurrence, risk factors and antimicrobial susceptibility"		Comparative Immunology Microbiology and Infectious Diseases			37		2	115-121					Mar			"Campylobacter infection in wild artiodactyl species from southern Spain: Occurrence, risk factors and antimicrobial susceptibility"		0147-9571												BCI:BCI201400313619				"A cross-sectional study was performed to assess the occurrence of Campylobacter species and to identify potential associated risk factors for wild artiodactyl species in southern Spain. Campylobacter species were isolated in 55 of 363 (15.2%) faecal samples. Campylobacter was identified in faeces from wild boar (49/126; 38.9%), red deer (5/179; 2.8%) and mouflon (1/13; 7.7%) but not from fallow deer (0/45). The isolated Campylobacter species were identified as C. jejuni (2 isolates; 3.6%), C. coli (11 isolates; 20.0%) and C. lanienae (37 isolates; 67.3%). Five isolates (9.1%) could not be identified at the species level. This report is the first to describe C. lanienae infection in wild ruminant species. Resistance to erythromycin (4.8%), ciprofloxacin (37.5%), tetracycline (52.9%) and streptomycin (55%) were detected. C. lanienae presented a significantly higher number of susceptible isolates to ciprofloxacin and tetracycline than C. coli. Due to the low number of positive wild ruminants, a Generalised Estimating Equations model was only carried out for wild boar. The model indicated that the risk factors associated with Campylobacter infection were the density of wild boar (>10/100 ha) (OR: 3.05; CI95%: 2.2-4.3), the presence of artificial waterholes (OR: 3.67; CI95%; 1.3-10.5) and the winter season (OR: 3.30; CI95%: 1.9-5.8). Campylobacter infection is widespread in wild boar populations in southern Spain. These findings suggest that wild artiodactyls, particularly wild boar, constitute a reservoir of Campylobacter species, including resistant and multi-resistant strains, which may be of public health concern. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved."	"Carbonero, Alfonso/N-7375-2014"		
"Carbonero, Alfonso/0000-0002-0569-8714; Garcia-Bocanegra, Ignacio/0000-0003-3388-2604"		<Go to ISI>://BCI:BCI201400313619																																					
"T. Carbajal, R. Civen, M. Reynolds, S. S. Chaves and L. Mascola"	2008	"Knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding varicella vaccination among health care providers participating in the varicella active surveillance project, Antelope Valley, California, 2005"		Journal of Infectious Diseases			197		Suppl. 2	S66-S70					1-Mar			"Knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding varicella vaccination among health care providers participating in the varicella active surveillance project, Antelope Valley, California, 2005"		1537-6613												BCI:BCI200800261587				"Knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding varicella vaccination and disease were assessed among health care providers participating in the Varicella Active Surveillance Project in Antelope Valley, California, in 2005. Compared with those of a similar survey conducted in 1999, results suggest a reduction in concerns about vaccine safety and efficacy. Routine assessment of adolescents for varicella susceptibility was reported by 87% of respondents, but only 42% reported routine assessment of adults. Several respondents were unaware that disease in a vaccinated person is infectious, and some did not know the vaccination recommendations pertaining to susceptible health care workers, suggesting a need for provider education on these issues."			<Go to ISI>://BCI:BCI200800261587
"F. Capuano, L. Rinaldi, M. P. Maurelli, A. G. Perugini, V. Veneziano, G. Garippa, C. Genchi, V. Musella and G. Cringoli"	2006	Cystic echinococcosis in water buffaloes: Epidemiological survey and molecular evidence of ovine (G1) and buffalo (G3) strains		Veterinary Parasitology			137		4-Mar	262-268					30-Apr			Cystic echinococcosis in water buffaloes: Epidemiological survey and molecular evidence of ovine (G1) and buffalo (G3) strains		0304-4017												BCI:BCI200600423362				"A survey of cystic echinococcosis (CE) in the water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) of the Italian Mediterranean breed was carried out in Campania, a region of southern Italy. In addition, a molecular study was performed on 48 hydatid cysts coming from 48 water buffaloes in order to determine the Echinococcus granulosus strain(s) present in this host. Out of a total of 722 water buffaloes examined for CE, 76 (10.5%) were found infected. The average number of cysts per buffalo was 4.3 (minimum 1, maximum 45). Seventeen buffaloes had hydatid cysts only in the liver (with an average of 5 cysts/liver), 34 only in the lungs (with an average of 1.8 cysts/lungs), and 25 buffaloes had cysts both in the liver and in the lungs. Fertile cysts were found in 10 (13.2%) out of the 76 positive buffaloes. The sequencing of the mitochondrial cytochrome C oxidase subunit I (CO1) gene of the 48 hydatid cysts produced sequences of 419 bp for each sample analysed. For 33 samples, alignment of the obtained sequences with those present in GenBank showed a total homology with the common domestic sheep strain G1; for 15 samples, sequences obtained showed 100% homology with buffalo strain G3. The findings of the present survey represent the first epidemiological and molecular comprehensive studies on CE in water buffalo from an endemic area for E. granulosus. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved."	"Musella, Vincenzo/0000-0002-4448-8832; GARIPPA, Giovanni/0000-0002-7235-5105; VENEZIANO, Vincenzo/0000-0003-2496-4034"		<Go to ISI>://BCI:BCI200600423362
"F. Capuano, M. P. Maurelli, L. Rinaldi, A. G. Perugini, V. Veneziano, V. Musella and G. Cringoli"	2007	Cystic echinococcosis in water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis)		Italian Journal of Animal Science			6		"Suppl. 2, Part 2"	915-916								Cystic echinococcosis in water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis)		1594-4077												BCI:BCI201000466365				"An epidemiological and molecular survey of cystic echinococcosis (CE) caused by Echinococcus granulosus in the water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) of the Italian Mediterranean breed was carried out in the Campania region of southern Italy. Out of a total of 799 water buffaloes examined at slaughterhouses, 80 (10.0%) were found infected. The molecular study was performed on 58 hydatid cysts in order to determine the E. granulosus strain(s) present in this host. A region of cytocrome c oxydase 1 gene (CO1) was amplified by polymerase chain reaction and the PCR products were then purified and sequenced. DNA amplification of the partial CO1 gene gave a 446 bp fragment for all isolates examined. After sequencing, a region of 419 bp was identified for each sample. Thirty-two isolates were identified as the common sheep strain G1, 15 as the buffalo strain G3, 3 as the Tasmanian sheep strain G2, and 3 as the G1 c genotype (GenBank AF458873). In addition, 5 isolates presented 99% identity with the G2 genotype (Tasmanian sheep strain)."	"VENEZIANO, Vincenzo/0000-0003-2496-4034; Musella, Vincenzo/0000-0002-4448-8832"		<Go to ISI>://BCI:BCI201000466365
"R. Capparelli, M. Parlato, M. G. Amoroso, S. Roperto, R. Marabelli, F. Roperto and D. Iannelli"	2008	Mannose-binding lectin haplotypes influence Brucella abortus infection in the water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis)		Immunogenetics			60		4-Mar	157-165					Apr			Mannose-binding lectin haplotypes influence Brucella abortus infection in the water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis)		0093-7711												BCI:BCI200800358771				"A case-control study established that the haplotype pair HYA/HYA at the MBL (mannose binding lectin) locus of water buffalo is associated with resistance to Brucella abortus infection (P<10(-7)) and the haplotype pairs LYD/LYD with susceptibility to the same pathogen (P<10(-7)). The subjects included in the present study were tested twice-at a 1-month interval-for the presence of anti-B. abortus antibodies in the serum by agglutination, complement fixation and flow cytometry. Cases (335 subjects) included animals consistently positive to all these tests; controls (335 subjects) comprised animals exposed yet negative by the same tests. The serum from genetically resistant subjects displayed in vitro significantly higher antibacterial activity compared to the serum from genetically susceptible subjects, lending biological significance to the results from the association study. Inhibition of the antibacterial activity following heat treatment of the serum, addition of specific MBL inhibitors (EDTA, mannose, N-acetyl-D-glucosamine) or anti-human MBL antiserum provide convincing evidence that the antibacterial activity present in the serum results from the interaction between MBL and B. abortus. A replication study (comprising 100 cases and 100 controls) confirmed the results from the original study."	"Amoroso, Maria Grazia/K-1777-2018"		
"Amoroso, Maria Grazia/0000-0002-8663-7445; roperto, sante/0000-0001-6210-5519"		<Go to ISI>://BCI:BCI200800358771																																					
"R. Capparelli, F. Alfano, M. G. Amoroso, G. Borriello, D. Fenizia, A. Bianco, S. Roperto, F. Roperto and D. Iannelli"	2007	Protective effifect of the Nramp1 BB genotype against Brucella abortus in the water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis)		Infection and Immunity			75		2	988-996					Feb			Protective effifect of the Nramp1 BB genotype against Brucella abortus in the water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis)		0019-9567												BCI:BCI200700359895				"We tested 413 water buffalo cows (142 cases and 271 controls) for the presence of anti-Brucella abortus antibodies (by the skin test, the agglutination test, and the complement fixation test) and the Nramp1 genotype (by capillary electrophoresis). Four alleles (Nramp1A, -B, -C, and -D) were detected in the 3' untranslated region of the Nramp1 gene. The BB genotype was represented among only controls, providing evidence that this genotype confers resistance to Brucella abortus. The monocytes from the BB (resistant) subjects displayed a higher basal level of Nramp1 mRNA and a lower number of viable intracellular bacteria than did the monocytes from AA (susceptible) subjects. The higher basal level of the antibacterial protein Nramp1 most probably provides the BB animals with the possibility of controlling bacteria immediately after their entry inside the cell."	"Amoroso, Maria Grazia/K-1777-2018"		
"Amoroso, Maria Grazia/0000-0002-8663-7445; Borriello, Giorgia/0000-0002-4672-6793; Alfano, Flora/0000-0001-6241-7192; roperto, sante/0000-0001-6210-5519"		<Go to ISI>://BCI:BCI200700359895																																					
"A. Cantu-C, J. Alfonso Ortega-S, Z. Garcia-Vazquez, J. Mosqueda, S. E. Henke and J. E. George"	2009	EPIZOOTIOLOGY OF BABESIA BOVIS AND BABESIA BIGEMINA IN FREE-RANGING WHITE-TAILED DEER IN NORTHEASTERN MEXICO		Journal of Parasitology			95		3	536-542					Jun			EPIZOOTIOLOGY OF BABESIA BOVIS AND BABESIA BIGEMINA IN FREE-RANGING WHITE-TAILED DEER IN NORTHEASTERN MEXICO		0022-3395												BCI:BCI200900489728				"Species of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) ticks are the vectors of babesiosis (cattle fever tick), which are distributed worldwide. White-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) are important secondary hosts for the cattle fever ticks, Rhipicephalus (B.) annulatus and Rhipicephalus (B.) microplus. White-tailed deer are capable of sustaining Boophilus spp. tick populations in the presence or absence of cattle. The objectives of this study were to determine the frequency of Babesia bovis and Babesia bigemina and the prevalence of antibodies to them and identify possible risk factors for bovine babesiosis in white-tailed deer in 3 northeastern states of Mexico. Whole blood and serum samples (n = 457) were collected from white-tailed deer in the states of Coahuila. Nuevo Leon, and Tamaulipas during the spring of 2004. Samples were tested for B. bovis and B. bigemina by nested polymerase chain reaction (n-PCR) (the primers for B. bovis identified the gene Rap-1 and B. bigemina were specific primers) and by an indirect immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT). A questionnaire was given to each ranch to obtain information about management practices. Logistic regression methods were used to test the association between management factors and the dependent variable of positive n-PCR or IFAT. Nineteen (4.2%) samples were positive to B. bigemina and 6 (1.7%) were positive to B. bovis by n-PCR. Serological testing showed 59.9% (n = 274) of deer sampled were positive to B. bovis and 5.4% (n=25) were positive to B. bigemina antibodies. The logistic model varied with different dependent variables. With positive n-PCR and B. bigemina as the dependent variable, 3 factors were associated: habitat (presence of brush and exotic grasses; odds ratio (OR), 3.3; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.3-8.5), grazing system (continuous grazing OR 4.0; Cl, 1.3-12.2). and tick treatment frequency (3-4 mo; OR 7.0, CI 1.4-34.3; 5-6 mo; OR, 11.0; Cl, 1.9-62.7; >6 mo; OR, 4.6; Cl, 0.9-23.3). These findings suggest that white-tailed deer may act as a reservoir for the 2 bovine Babesia spp. and that white-tailed deer may be important in the epidemiology of babesiosis. However, evidence is not available to support whether white-tailed deer are, or are not, likely to be a host that could complete the transmission cycle of Babesia spp. These results Suggest that additional research is needed to demonstrate the importance of white-tailed deer as a Babesia spp. infection source for ticks."			<Go to ISI>://BCI:BCI200900489728
"A. Cantu, J. A. Ortega-S, J. Mosqueda, Z. Garcia-Vazquez, S. E. Henke and J. E. George"	2008	Prevalence of Infectious Agents in Free-ranging White-tailed Deer in Northeastern Mexico		Journal of Wildlife Diseases			44		4	1002-1007					Oct			Prevalence of Infectious Agents in Free-ranging White-tailed Deer in Northeastern Mexico		0090-3558												BCI:BCI200900066046				"The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of antibodies against brucellosis, leptospirosis, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus, and bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in northeastern Mexico. Deer (n=521) were captured from helicopter using a netgun on 15 ranches covering 62,114 ha in the states of Coahuila, Nuevo Leon, and Tamaulipas during spring 2004. The prevalence of antibodies against Leptospira, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, BVDV, and brucellosis were 5.6, 41.1, 63.5, and 0%, respectively, indicating that white-tailed deer and cattle may share disease agents when cohabiting in northeastern Mexico."			<Go to ISI>://BCI:BCI200900066046
"G. J. Canton, J. L. Konrad, D. P. Moore, S. G. Caspe, J. Palarea-Albaladejo, C. M. Campero and F. Chianini"	2014	Characterization of Immune Cell Infiltration in the Placentome of Water Buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) Infected with Neospora caninum During Pregnancy		Journal of Comparative Pathology			150		4	463-468					May			Characterization of Immune Cell Infiltration in the Placentome of Water Buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) Infected with Neospora caninum During Pregnancy		0021-9975												BCI:BCI201400495932				"Neospora caninum infection in cattle stimulates host immune responses, which may be responsible for placental damage leading to abortion. Susceptibility of water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) to neosporosis is not well understood, although vertical transmission and fetal death have been documented. The aim of this study was to characterize the immune response in the placentome of water buffalo following experimental infection in early gestation with the Nc-1 strain of N. caninum. Placentomes were examined by immunohistochemistry using antibodies specific for T-cell subsets, natural killer cells and CD79(alpha cy) cells. Placental inflammation was characterized by the infiltration of CD3(+) and CD4(+) T cells and T cells expressing the gamma delta T-cell receptor. The distribution of these cellular subsets in buffalo placentomes was similar to that previously described in cattle infected with N. caninum in early gestation, but the lesions were milder, which may explain the lower number of abortions observed in this species after infection. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved."	"Palarea-Albaladejo, Javier/J-5591-2013"		
"Palarea-Albaladejo, Javier/0000-0003-0162-669X; Canton, German/0000-0003-3494-8193"		<Go to ISI>://BCI:BCI201400495932																																					
"G. Canton, P. Bartley, K. Bartley, H. Todd, F. Chianini and F. Katzer"	2013	Production of a bovine IL-12p40 probe and application using in situ hybridization on ruminant fixed tissues		Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology			151		4-Mar	342-347					15-Feb			Production of a bovine IL-12p40 probe and application using in situ hybridization on ruminant fixed tissues		0165-2427												BCI:BCI201300227037				"Pro-inflammatory cytokines (particularly IL-12) are important for initiating protective T helper 1 (Th1)-type immune responses and hence vital for combating intracellular infections and tumours. In situ hybridization (ISH) provides a powerful diagnostic tool allowing the identification and localization of. cells producing these mediators in fixed tissues. The objective of this work was to produce a bovine IL-12p40 probe that allows detection of IL-12p40 mRNA in fixed tissues from different ruminant species. The RNA probe sequence is 447 bp in length and from a region with high cross-species-sequence homology (>97.3% homology) to the ovine, cervine, caprine and bubaline IL-12p40 genes. ISH was carried out on paraformaldehyde fixed tissues collected from cattle, sheep and goats. The probe was efficient in identifying IL-12p40 expressing cells in fixed tissues from all these species. In conclusion, the IL-12p40 probe was efficient in identifying and localizing cells that express IL-12p40, and provides a good immuno-diagnostic technique to characterize immune responses in fixed tissues. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved."	"Canton, German/C-1975-2014; Chianini, Francesca/K-1451-2013"		
"Canton, German/0000-0003-3494-8193; Chianini, Francesca/0000-0001-9962-446X; Katzer, Frank/0000-0001-5902-4136"		<Go to ISI>://BCI:BCI201300227037																																					
"C. Cantacessi, J. Mulvenna, N. D. Young, M. Kasny, P. Horak, A. Aziz, A. Hofmann, A. Loukas and R. B. Gasser"	2012	"A Deep Exploration of the Transcriptome and ""Excretory/Secretory"" Proteome of Adult Fascioloides magna"		Molecular & Cellular Proteomics			11		11	1340-1353					Nov			"A Deep Exploration of the Transcriptome and ""Excretory/Secretory"" Proteome of Adult Fascioloides magna"		1535-9476												BCI:BCI201300180058				"Parasitic liver flukes of the family Fasciolidae are responsible for major socioeconomic losses worldwide. However, at present, knowledge of the fundamental molecular biology of these organisms is scant. Here, we characterize, for the first time, the transcriptome and secreted proteome of the adult stage of the ""giant liver fluke,"" Fascioloides magna, using Illumina sequencing technology and one-dimensional SDS-PAGE and OFFGEL protein electrophoresis, respectively. A total of similar to 54,000,000 reads were generated and assembled into similar to 39,000 contiguous sequences (contigs); similar to 20,000 peptides were predicted and classified based on homology searches, protein motifs, gene ontology, and biological pathway mapping. From the predicted proteome, 48.1% of proteins could be assigned to 384 biological pathway terms, including "" spliceosome,"" "" RNA transport,"" and ""endocytosis."" Putative proteins involved in amino acid degradation were most abundant. Of the 835 secreted proteins predicted from the transcriptome of F. magna, 80 were identified in the excretory/secretory products from this parasite. Highly represented were antioxidant proteins, followed by peptidases (particularly cathepsins) and proteins involved in carbohydrate metabolism. The integration of transcriptomic and proteomic datasets generated herein sets the scene for future studies aimed at exploring the potential role(s) that molecules might play at the host-parasite interface and for establishing novel strategies for the treatment or control of parasitic fluke infections. Molecular & Cellular Proteomics 11: 10.1074/mcp.M112.019844, 1340-1353, 2012."	"Horak, Petr/C-6482-2009; Cantacessi, Cinzia/B-7356-2014; Mulvenna, Jason/H-7110-2014; Loukas, Alex/B-7355-2014; Aziz, Ammar/N-2267-2013"		
"Horak, Petr/0000-0001-9820-5044; Cantacessi, Cinzia/0000-0001-6863-2950; Mulvenna, Jason/0000-0003-3521-8061; Loukas, Alex/0000-0002-0896-8441; Aziz, Ammar/0000-0002-9855-9245; Gasser, Robin B./0000-0002-4423-1690; Young, Neil/0000-0001-8756-229X; Hofmann, Andreas/0000-0003-4408-5467"		<Go to ISI>://BCI:BCI201300180058																																					
"D. Cano-Terriza, M. A. Risalde, S. Jimenez-Ruiz, J. Vicente, J. Isla, J. Paniagua, I. Moreno, C. Gortazar, J. A. Infantes-Lorenzo and I. Garcia-Bocanegra"	2018	Management of hunting waste as control measure for tuberculosis in wild ungulates in south-central Spain		Transboundary and Emerging Diseases			65		5	1190-1196					Oct			Management of hunting waste as control measure for tuberculosis in wild ungulates in south-central Spain		1865-1674												BCI:BCI201900025528				"In recent decades, habitat change and the intensive management of wild ungulates for hunting have led to an increase in their populations in south-central Spain. This implies a higher generation of hunting waste, which can favour the transmission of infectious diseases, including tuberculosis (TB). The aim of this study was to assess the usefulness of the proper disposal of hunting waste as TB control measure in wild boar (Sus scrofa) and red deer (Cervus elaphus) during the 2008/2009 to 2016/2017 hunting seasons. Blood samples from 664 wild boar and 934 red deer were obtained in 14 game estates in two provinces in Andalusia (Area 1), where the disposal of hunting waste was implemented since the 2012/2013 hunting season. Besides, six game estates in the province of Ciudad Real, in Castilla-La Mancha (Area 2), an adjacent region where this management measure was not implemented during the studied period, were used as controls, sampling 277 wild boar and 427 red deer sera. The Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC), seroprevalence detected in wild boar from Area 1, was significantly higher before the disposal of big game hunting by-products (82.8%; 2008/2009-2012/2013) compared to the second period (61.8%; 2013/2014-2016/2017) (p<.001), after this control measure became established. By contrast, no significant differences between periods were found in wild boar (41.3% versus 44.8%; p=.33) and red deer (14.9% versus 11.6%; p=.19) from Area 2 as well as in red deer (10.8% versus 10.5%; p=.48) from Area 1. The proper disposal of hunting waste contributed to achieve a 25% reduction in MTC seroprevalence in wild boar. These results are of particular relevance regarding wild boar in the current context of re-emerging and emerging diseases such as TB and African Swine Fever in Europe. Further studies are needed to assess the effect of this measure on the health status of livestock and other wildlife species."	"Infantes-Lorenzo, Jose Antonio/0000-0002-0446-7682; Jimenez-Ruiz, Saul/0000-0003-2090-9353; Cano-Terriza, David/0000-0001-5657-2567; Garcia-Bocanegra, Ignacio/0000-0003-3388-2604"		<Go to ISI>://BCI:BCI201900025528
"M. G. Candela, E. Serrano, J. Sevila, L. Leon, M. Rosa Caro and H. Verheyden"	2014	Pathogens of zoonotic and biological importance in roe deer (Capreolus capreolus): Seroprevalence in an agro-system population in France		Research in Veterinary Science			96		2	254-259					Apr			Pathogens of zoonotic and biological importance in roe deer (Capreolus capreolus): Seroprevalence in an agro-system population in France		0034-5288												BCI:BCI201400422383				"Antibody prevalence for several infectious and parasitic diseases in a population of roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) inhabiting a mixed agricultural landscape (south of France) has been analyzed. Serological analyses with ELISA in 245 animals captured from 2008 to 2012 has been performed. We found a high prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii (46.4%), Chlamydophila abortus (17.27%) and Coxiella burnetii (11.26%) compared to other studies in Europe. Seroprevalence varied strongly among years for T. gondii (27-91%), C abortus (0-42%) and C burnetii (0-27%). T. gondii prevalence was lower in juvenile females, compared to juvenile males and adults of both sexes. Other pathogens had low prevalences: Neospora caninum (1.56%), Bovine herpesvirus 1 (1.17%, 2008/09; 1.1%, 2010/11), Mycoplasma agalactiae (1.45%, 2009/10), Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (0.9%) and Slow viruses (CAEV-MVV) (0.15%, 2008/10; 0%, 2011/12). Antibodies to bluetongue virus and pestiviruses were not found in any individual. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved."	"SERRANO-FERRON, Emmanuel/J-4489-2013; Candela, Monica/I-1015-2015"		
"SERRANO-FERRON, Emmanuel/0000-0002-9799-9804;"		<Go to ISI>://BCI:BCI201400422383																																					
"M. V. Canario Viana, H. Figueiredo, R. Ramos, L. C. Guimaraes, F. L. Pereira, F. A. Dorella, S. A. K. Selim, M. Salaheldean, A. Silva, A. R. Wattam and V. Azevedo"	2017	Comparative genomic analysis between Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis strains isolated from buffalo		PLoS One			12		4	e0176347					26-Apr			Comparative genomic analysis between Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis strains isolated from buffalo		1932-6203												BCI:BCI201700513407				"Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis is a Gram-positive, pleomorphic, facultative intracellular pathogen that causes Oedematous Skin Disease (OSD) in buffalo. To better understand the pathogenic mechanisms of OSD, we performed a comparative genomic analysis of 11 strains of C. pseudotuberculosis isolated from different buffalo found to be infected in Egypt during an outbreak that occurred in 2008. Sixteen previously described pathogenicity islands (PiCp) were present in all of the new buffalo strains, but one of them, PiCp12, had an insertion that contained both a corynephage and a diphtheria toxin gene, both of which may play a role in the adaptation of C. pseudotuberculosis to this new host. Synteny analysis showed variations in the site of insertion of the corynephage during the same outbreak. A gene functional comparison showed the presence of a nitrate reductase operon that included genes involved in molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis, which is necessary for a positive nitrate reductase phenotype and is a possible adaptation for intracellular survival. Genomes from the buffalo strains also had fusions in minor pilin genes in the spaA and spaD gene cluster (spaCX and spaYEF), which could suggest either an adaptation to this particular host, or mutation events in the immediate ancestor before this particular epidemic. A phylogenomic analysis confirmed a clear separation between the Ovis and Equi biovars, but also showed what appears to be a clustering by host species within the Equi strains."	"Pereira, Felipe/M-5282-2017; Azevedo, Vasco/F-4315-2011; Figueiredo, Henrique/M-5310-2017"		
"Pereira, Felipe/0000-0001-9326-2365; Azevedo, Vasco/0000-0002-4775-2280; Figueiredo, Henrique/0000-0002-1022-6842; Canario Viana, Marcus Vinicius/0000-0002-7017-6437"		<Go to ISI>://BCI:BCI201700513407																																					
"M. d. C. Campos de Souza, M. C. Lima, I. d. F. Espeschit Braga, D. G. Goncalves Schwarz, A. P. de Souza Rodrigues, E. B. Sales, A. A. Fonseca Junior and M. A. Scatamburlo Moreira"	2016	Molecular typing of Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis (MAP) isolated from dairy goats in Brazil		Small Ruminant Research			140			18-21					Jul			Molecular typing of Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis (MAP) isolated from dairy goats in Brazil		0921-4488												BCI:BCI201600703784				"In the last decade there was a significant increase dairy goat participation in the world and Brazilian agricultural scenario. Minas Gerais state is the third largest producer of goat milk in Brazil. Paratuberculosis is a chronic intestinal disease that mostly affects ruminants and can become a public health problem due to the possible association with Crohn's disease. It is transmitted by ingesting Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) contaminated food or water. In recent years, with the development of molecular techniques, the disease has been identified with greater precision and more quickly. MAP strains (S-Sheep, Cattle-C and B-Bison) have also been typed. The detection of a circulating MAP strain in a herd is important to develop epidemiological studies and thus establish better strategies to control paratuberculosis. This study aimed to identify and type MAP in dairy goat farms in the Zona da Mata, the main producing region of Minas ""Gerais state, Brazil. Feces and milk samples of 467 animals were collected, processed, inoculated in Herrold's Egg Yolk Agar (HEYM) and submitted to PCR and REA techniques. Eleven (2.36%) animals were positive for the presence of MAP in four properties and the isolates were characterized as type C strain. It was concluded that MAP is present in dairy goats from properties in Zona da Mata, MG and that strain type C circulates in the area. This is the first report of MAP typing isolated from dairy goat in Brazil. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved."			<Go to ISI>://BCI:BCI201600703784
"C. M. Campero, A. Perez, D. P. Moore, G. Crudeli, D. Benitez, M. G. Draghi, D. Cano, J. L. Konrad and A. C. Odeon"	2007	"Occurrence of antibodies against Neospora caninum in water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) on four ranches in Corrientes province, Argentina"		Veterinary Parasitology			150		2-Jan	155-158					30-Nov			"Occurrence of antibodies against Neospora caninum in water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) on four ranches in Corrientes province, Argentina"		0304-4017												BCI:BCI200800076907				"The aim of the present work was to describe the occurrence of antibodies to Neospora caninum in water buffaloes on four ranches located in Corrientes province in the northeast of Argentina. Antibodies against N. caninum were determined in sera of 449 water buffaloes by using an indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT). A Bayesian logistic regression mixed model was used to quantify the strength of association between positive serological results to N. caninum and gender, age and category (calf, steer, heifer, cow) as risk factors. Antibody titers were found in 287 (64%) buffaloes. All ranches had seropositive animals. Age was more strongly associated with positive results to N. caninum (OR: 1.4; Cl 95%: 0.86-2.22) than gender (OR: 1.02, CI 95%: 0.40-2.59) and category (OR: 0.88, CI 95%: 0.57-0.88). Results suggest a high exposure of water buffaloes to N. caninum by postnatal transmission in these four ranches located in Corrientes province, Argentina. Further studies are needed to quantify the consequences of Neospora-infections in the water buffalo industry. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved."			<Go to ISI>://BCI:BCI200800076907
"G. L. Campbell, B. F. Eldridge, J. L. Hardy, W. C. Reeves, D. A. Jessup and S. B. Presser"	1989	PREVALENCE OF NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODIES AGAINST CALIFORNIA AND BUNYAMWERA SEROGROUP VIRUSES IN DEER FROM MOUNTAINOUS AREAS OF CALIFORNIA USA		American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene			40		4	428-437								PREVALENCE OF NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODIES AGAINST CALIFORNIA AND BUNYAMWERA SEROGROUP VIRUSES IN DEER FROM MOUNTAINOUS AREAS OF CALIFORNIA USA		0002-9637												BCI:BCI198988039600				"Plaque reduction-serum dilution neutralization was used to evaluate the status of bunyavirus activity in deer in mountainous areas of California Antibodies against 9 bunyaviruses were measured in 337 mule deer [Odocoileus hemionus hemionus, O. hemionus californicus, and O. hemionus inyoensis) and black-tailed deer (O. hemionus columbianus). More deer from high mountainous areas had neutralizing antibodies against Jamestown Canyon virus than did deer from low mountainous areas (23% vs. 9%; P < 0.01). This finding is consistent with transmission by snow pool Aedes mosquitoes. Results for Jerry Slough virus were neary identical to those for Jamestown Canyon virus, which is further evidence that these are strains of the same virus. Neutralizing antibodies against Northway virus was present in 26% of deer from high mountainous areas and 23% of deer from low mountainous areas, suggesting the involvement of a widespread vector, such as Culiseta inornata. Northway virus is not known to occur outside of Alaska and northwestern Canada. Low prevalances of antibodies were detected in deer to California encephalitis, La Crosse, and snowshore hare viruses of the California serogroup; and Cache Valley, Lokern, and Main Drain viruses of the Bunyamwera serogroup."			<Go to ISI>://BCI:BCI198988039600
"G. D. Campbell, E. M. Addison, I. K. Barker and S. Rosendal"	1994	"Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, serotype 17, septicemia in moose (Alces alces) from Algonquin Park, Ontario"		Journal of Wildlife Diseases			30		3	436-438								"Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, serotype 17, septicemia in moose (Alces alces) from Algonquin Park, Ontario"		0090-3558												BCI:BCI199497416669				"Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae septicemia was diagnosed in three of four moose found dead in Algonquin Provincial Park, Ontario, Canada, in the spring of 1989. Type 17 E. rhusiopathiae was isolated from liver, lung, kidney, and lymph nodes of affected animals, which were in poor body condition, and suffering hair loss associated with tick (Dermacentor albipictus) infestations. Microscopic lesions consisted of mild, multifocal, necrotizing myocarditis, sarcocystosis, and lymph node atrophy. The bacterium may have gained entry to these animals via ingestion of, or percutaneous exposure to, contaminated water, or possibly by the bites of ticks. Malnutrition and tick infestation may have predisposed the animals to infection by this opportunistic pathogen."			<Go to ISI>://BCI:BCI199497416669
C. W. Campbell and G. Saini	1991	PASTEURELLA-MULTOCIDA ASSOCIATED SEPTICAEMIA IN A CHITAL DEER AXIS-AXIS		Australian Veterinary Journal			68		10	345								PASTEURELLA-MULTOCIDA ASSOCIATED SEPTICAEMIA IN A CHITAL DEER AXIS-AXIS		0005-0423												BCI:BCI199242032844							<Go to ISI>://BCI:BCI199242032844
"E. R. Campagnolo, D. Tewari, T. S. Farone, J. L. Livengood and K. L. Mason"	2018	Evidence of Powassan/deer tick virus in adult black-legged ticks (Ixodes scapularis) recovered from hunter-harvested white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in Pennsylvania: A public health perspective		Zoonoses and Public Health			65		5	589-594					Aug			Evidence of Powassan/deer tick virus in adult black-legged ticks (Ixodes scapularis) recovered from hunter-harvested white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in Pennsylvania: A public health perspective		1863-1959												BCI:BCI201800781514				"Studies reporting tick infection rates for Powassan virus (POWV), an emerging zoonotic arthropod-borne pathogen responsible for POWV disease in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, are limited. To determine the presence and ascertain a statewide prevalence of POWV, ticks were collected from 9,912 hunter-harvested white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) heads presented to six regional Pennsylvania Game Commission Chronic Wasting Disease sampling stations in early December of 2013, 2014 and 2015. Of the 2,973 ticks recovered, 1,990 (66.9%) were identified as adult Ixodes scapularis (black-legged tick). The 1,990 I.scapularis ticks were PCR-tested for the presence of POWV. The ticks had a statewide Powassan/deer tick virus infection rate of 0.05%, providing evidence of this pathogen in Pennsylvania's adult I.scapularis ticks and supporting the need for more comprehensive pathogen prevalence assessment strategies, as well as increased public health awareness for this emerging zoonotic arthropod-borne pathogen of public health concern."	"Campagnolo, Enzo/0000-0002-2269-6665"		<Go to ISI>://BCI:BCI201800781514
"H. Campa, III, D. K. Woodyard and J. B. Haufler"	1984	RELIABILITY OF CAPTIVE DEER ODOCOILEUS-VIRGINIANUS AND COW IN-VITRO DIGESTION VALUES IN PREDICTING WILD DEER DIGESTION LEVELS		Journal of Range Management			37		5	468-470								RELIABILITY OF CAPTIVE DEER ODOCOILEUS-VIRGINIANUS AND COW IN-VITRO DIGESTION VALUES IN PREDICTING WILD DEER DIGESTION LEVELS		0022-409X												BCI:BCI198579029536				"The in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) values of 9 forages [Fragaria vinginiana, Hieracium aurantiacum, Panicum virgatum, Prunus serotina (leaves and twigs), Populus tremuloides (leaves and twigs), P. grandidentata (leaves and twigs)] were compared using rumen fluid collected from wild white-tailed deer (O. virginianus), captive white-tailed deer and a Holstein cow. Five of the 9 forages analzyed displayed significantly different (P < 0.05) IVDMD between wild deer and captive deer inocula and between wild deer and cow inocula. Differences were attributed to the diet differences of the donor animals, which may have influenced the composition of microorganisms within the rumen. In vitro dry matter digestibility of all 5 forages considered together decreased significantly (P < 0.05) when rumen inocula were stored at various intervals. This study indicates that IVDMD values obtained using inoculum from captive and domestic animals on commercial diets should only be used by researchers to make comparisons of forages, not to predict actual digestibility levels by wild animals. In addition, in vitro samples should be inoculated as soon after collection as possible in order to obtain reliable data."			<Go to ISI>://BCI:BCI198579029536
"J. V. Camp, R. Haider, D. Porea, L. E. Oslobanu, P. Forgach and N. Nowotny"	2018	"Serological surveillance for Tahyna virus (California encephalitis orthobunyavirus, Peribunyaviridae) neutralizing antibodies in wild ungulates in Austria, Hungary and Romania"		Zoonoses and Public Health			65		4	459-463					Jun			"Serological surveillance for Tahyna virus (California encephalitis orthobunyavirus, Peribunyaviridae) neutralizing antibodies in wild ungulates in Austria, Hungary and Romania"		1863-1959												BCI:BCI201800469997				"A serosurvey for Tahyna virus (TAHV), a mosquito-borne California encephalitis orthobunyavirus (Peribunyaviridae) endemic to Europe, was performed to estimate the activity of TAHV on a broad geographic scale. Sera from wild boar (Sus scrofa), roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) and red deer (Cervus elaphus) were collected from Austria, Hungary and Romania. Samples were tested for neutralizing antibodies against TAHV using a virus microneutralization assay. The results demonstrate that TAHV transmission to mammals is widespread in Europe, particularly in the wild boar population where the mean rate of seroconversion is 15.2%."	"Nowotny, Norbert/0000-0002-3548-571X; Camp, Jeremy/0000-0002-9040-5786; Porea, Daniela/0000-0001-6821-5348"		<Go to ISI>://BCI:BCI201800469997
"R. J. Callan, T. D. Bunch, G. W. Workman and R. E. Mock"	1991	DEVELOPMENT OF PNEUMONIA IN DESERT BIGHORN SHEEP AFTER EXPOSURE TO A FLOCK OF EXOTIC WILD AND DOMESTIC SHEEP		Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association			198		6	1052-1056								DEVELOPMENT OF PNEUMONIA IN DESERT BIGHORN SHEEP AFTER EXPOSURE TO A FLOCK OF EXOTIC WILD AND DOMESTIC SHEEP		0003-1488												BCI:BCI199192001784				"From 1986 to 1989, 5 desert bighorn sheep (3 Ovis canadensis mexicana and 2 O c nelsoni), ranging in age from 2 to 3 years, were exposed to a flock of exotic wild and domestic sheep to potentially achieve naturally acquired pneumonia. Pasturella multocida was isolated from nasal samples from 4 of 6 sheep randomly sampled from the flock. Bighorn sheep were exposed individually and each exposure period was a trial. Treatment before and after exposure varied and included combinations of .alpha. interferon, antibiotics, anti-inflammatory drugs, and vaccines. Treatments were chosen on the basis of recommendations of others for treating pneumonia in desert bighorn sheep as well as our own experience in sheep and cattle. Regardless of treatment used, bighorn sheep in trials 1 to 4 developed signs of pneumonia within 10 to 14 days of exposure. Bighorn sheep in trials 1 to 3 died within 11 to 17 days of initial exposure. In trial 4, the bighorn sheep was isolated from the carrier sheep for treatment of pneumonia on day 14 and died on day 30. Pasteurella multocida was isolated from lung tissue in 3 of the 4 bighorn sheep. On the basis of results of trials 1 to 4, a more in depth clinical study was conducted in trial 5. Nasal and blood specimens were collected prior to and during trial 5 for bacteriologic culturing and serologic testing for bovine viral diarrhea virus, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, parainflurenza-3 virus, and respiratory syncytial virus. The bighorn sheep was vaccinated with a modified-live Pasteurella haemolytica vaccine and allowed to habituate to its new facilities for 133 days before it was exposed to the carrier sheep."			<Go to ISI>://BCI:BCI199192001784
"R. Calero-Bernal, S. K. Verma, C. T. Seaton, D. Sinnett, E. Ball, D. Dunams, B. M. Rosenthal and J. P. Dubey"	2015	Sarcocystis cruzi infection in wood bison (Bison bison athabascae)		Veterinary Parasitology			210		2-Jan	102-105					30-May			Sarcocystis cruzi infection in wood bison (Bison bison athabascae)		0304-4017												BCI:BCI201500492525				"Endangered wood bison (Bison bison athabascae) is the largest terrestrial mammal in the American continent. Animal health is an important issue in their conservation, and Sarcocystis cruzi may be a cause of clinical disease in Bovidae. Hearts of eight wood bison from Alaska, USA were examined for sarcocysts by histology, transmission electron microscopy, pepsin digestion, and molecularly. Sarcocystis bradyzoites were found in pepsin digests of all eight and sarcocysts were found in histologic sections of myocardium of four bison. Sarcocysts were thin-walled and ultrastructurally consistent with S. cruzi. Characterization of DNA obtained from lysis of pepsin liberated bradyzoites by PCR-RFLP and subsequent phylogenetic analyses matched with that previously reported for S. cruzi infecting cattle in the USA. Collectively, data indicate that wood bison is a natural intermediate host for S. cruzi. Published by Elsevier B.V."	"Rosenthal, Benjamin/0000-0002-0224-3773"		<Go to ISI>://BCI:BCI201500492525
"R. Calero-Bernal, E. Van Wilpe, K. White, S. K. Verma, C. K. Cerqueira-Cezar and J. P. Dubey"	2015	"Sarcocystis oreamni, n. sp (Apicomplexa: Sarcocystidae) from the mountain goat (Oreamnos americanus)"		Parasitology Research			114		11	4135-4141					Nov			"Sarcocystis oreamni, n. sp (Apicomplexa: Sarcocystidae) from the mountain goat (Oreamnos americanus)"		0932-0113												BCI:BCI201500756086				"Numerous species of Sarcocystis have been reported from wild ruminants, but none has been named from the Rocky Mountain goat (Oreamnos americanus). Mature sarcocysts were found in frozen muscle samples of three of seven mountain goats from Alaska, USA. Two morphological types of sarcocysts were found; one had Sarcocystis cornagliai-like sarcocysts, previously named from the Alpine ibex (Capra ibex) from Europe. Two other goats were infected with a new species, Sarcocystis oreamni. Sarcocystis oreamni sarcocysts were microscopic with 2 mu m-thick sarcocyst wall. By transmission electron microscopy, the sarcocyst wall had 1.7 mu m-thick with unusual molar tooth-like villar protrusions (vp), type 29. The vp had an electron dense core and two disc-shaped plaques at the tip with fine microtubules. Bradyzoites were 8.6-9.1 mu m long. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) identified in 18S rRNA, and 28S rRNA loci of rDNA regions that suggested S. oreamni molecularly apart from related species. The phylogenetic analysis based on 18S rRNA and 28S rRNA sequences suggested S. oreamni is related with Sarcocystis species that employ members of the Canidae family as their definitive host."			<Go to ISI>://BCI:BCI201500756086
"R. Calero-Bernal, J. M. Saugar, E. Frontera, J. E. Perez-Martin, M. A. Habela, F. J. Serrano, D. Reina and I. Fuentes"	2015	Prevalence and Genotype Identification of Toxoplasma gondii in Wild Animals from Southwestern Spain		Journal of Wildlife Diseases			51		1	233-238					Jan			Prevalence and Genotype Identification of Toxoplasma gondii in Wild Animals from Southwestern Spain		0090-3558												BCI:BCI201500179351				"We used PCR to detect Toxoplasma gondii in the principal game species in southwestern Spain. We detected T. gondii in 32.2% of animals tested. Prevalences varied from 14.7% in wild boar (Sus scrota) to 51.2% in red fox (Vulpes vulpes). The most prevalent genotype was type II (50.0%), followed by type III (20.6%) and type I (5.9%). Mixed infections (11.8%) were detected in wild boar (types I+III) and red fox (types II+III). Polymorphic strains (11.8%) were detected in several species. The high prevalence and the genetic variability shown could have implications for infection of farm animals and humans."	"Saugar, Jose/C-7047-2008"		
"Saugar, Jose/0000-0001-8950-5766; Frontera, Eva Maria/0000-0003-0222-7850"		<Go to ISI>://BCI:BCI201500179351																																					
"S. P. Calderon-Copete, G. Wigger, C. Wunderlin, T. Schmidheini, J. Frey, M. A. Quail and L. Falquet"	2009	"The Mycoplasma conjunctivae genome sequencing, annotation and analysis"		BMC Bioinformatics			10		Suppl. 6	S7								"The Mycoplasma conjunctivae genome sequencing, annotation and analysis"		1471-2105												BCI:BCI200900443659				"Background: The mollicute Mycoplasma conjunctivae is the etiological agent leading to infectious keratoconjunctivitis (IKC) in domestic sheep and wild caprinae. Although this pathogen is relatively benign for domestic animals treated by antibiotics, it can lead wild animals to blindness and death. This is a major cause of death in the protected species in the Alps (e.g., Capra ibex, Rupicapra rupicapra).Methods: The genome was sequenced using a combined technique of GS-FLX (454) and Sanger sequencing, and annotated by an automatic pipeline that we designed using several tools interconnected via PERL scripts. The resulting annotations are stored in a MySQL database.Results: The annotated sequence is deposited in the EMBL database (FM864216) and uploaded into the mollicutes database MolliGen http://cbi.labri.fr/outils/molligen/ allowing for comparative genomics.Conclusion: We show that our automatic pipeline allows for annotating a complete mycoplasma genome and present several examples of analysis in search for biological targets (e.g., pathogenic proteins)."	"Falquet, Laurent/C-2541-2013"		
"Falquet, Laurent/0000-0001-8102-7579"		<Go to ISI>://BCI:BCI200900443659																																					
"S. I. B. Cadmus, H. K. Adesokan, B. O. Adedokun and J. A. Stack"	2010	"Seroprevalence of bovine brucellosis in trade cattle slaughtered in Ibadan, Nigeria, from 2004-2006"		Journal of the South African Veterinary Association			81		1	50-53					Mar			"Seroprevalence of bovine brucellosis in trade cattle slaughtered in Ibadan, Nigeria, from 2004-2006"		0038-2809												BCI:BCI201000508173				"A seroprevalence study was carried out among trade cattle slaughtered at Bodija Municipal Abattoir, Ibadan (southwestern Nigeria) over a period of 3 consecutive years from 2004 to 2006 with a view to determining the breed, sex and age distribution in the seropositivity of bovine brucellosis. In total, 1642 animals were examined for antibodies to Brucella abortus using the Rose Bengal test. Seroprevalences of 6.00 %, 6.17 % and 5.31 % were obtained in the years 2004, 2005 and 2006, respectively but a decrease in 2006 shows no significant difference (P > 0.05). The role of the breed (P > 0.05), sex (P > 0.05) and age (P > 0.05) in the occurrence of the infection was not statistically significant at 5 %, although higher rates were obtained for females and older animals. The trend in the disease over the 3-year period showed that it is endemic in trade cattle slaughtered in Ibadan and the public health implications of this are discussed."	"Stack, Judy/C-9074-2011; APHA, Staff publications/E-6082-2010"		<Go to ISI>://BCI:BCI201000508173
"S. M. Caccio, L. Rinaldi, G. Cringoli, R. Condoleo and E. Pozio"	2007	Molecular identification of Cryptosporidium parvum and Giardia duodenalis in the Italian water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis)		Veterinary Parasitology			150		2-Jan	146-149					30-Nov			Molecular identification of Cryptosporidium parvum and Giardia duodenalis in the Italian water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis)		0304-4017												BCI:BCI200800076905				"Livestock are commonly infected with protozoan parasites of the genera Cryptosporidium and Giardia, and some of the species and genotypes found in these animals have zoonotic significance. We characterized isolates of both parasites recovered from the Italian water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis), an economically important species whose milk is used for the production of ""buffalo mozzarella"" fresh cheese. Molecular analysis of the Cryptosporidium small subunit ribosomal DNA gene and of the Giardia beta-giardin gene shows the presence of both zoonotic parasites (Cryptosporidium parvum and Giardia duodenalis assemblage A) and host-specific parasites (G. duodenalis assemblage E), suggesting that water buffaloes can contribute to environmental contamination with oocysts and cysts potentially infectious to humans if their faeces are improperly disposed of. On the other hand, mozzarella cheese is probably a safe product, given that its production involves the treatment of cheese curd at 85-95 degrees C, which is likely to kill or inactivate the parasites. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved."	"Caccio, Simone/K-9278-2015"		<Go to ISI>://BCI:BCI200800076905
"S. M. Caccio, R. Beck, M. Lalle, A. Marinculic and E. Pozio"	2008	Multilocus genotyping of Giardia duodenalis reveals striking differences between assemblages A and B		International Journal for Parasitology			38		13	1523-1531					Nov			Multilocus genotyping of Giardia duodenalis reveals striking differences between assemblages A and B		0020-7519												BCI:BCI200900031287				"Giardia duodenalis is a widespread parasite of mammalian species. including humans. Due to its invariant morphology, investigations of aspects such as host specificity and transmission patterns require the direct genetic characterisation of parasites from faecal samples. We performed a sequence analysis of four genes (ssrRNA, beta-giardin, glutamate dehydrogenase and triose phosphate isomerase) of 61 human isolates and 29 animal isolates. The results showed that multilocus genotypes (MLGs) can be readily defined for G. duodenalis isolates of assemblage A but not for assemblage B. Indeed, for assemblage A isolates, there was no evidence of intra-isolate sequence heterogeneity, and congruent genotyping results were obtained at the four genetic loci investigated. Sequence comparison and phylogenetic analysis showed that human-derived and animal-derived MLGs are different, and further indicated the presence of a new sub-assemblage (referred to as ""AIII""), which was found exclusively in wild hoofed animals. On the other hand, there were variable levels of intra-isolate sequence heterogeneity (i.e., the presence of two overlapping nucleotide peaks at specific positions in the chromatograms, or ""heterogeneous templates"") in assemblage B isolates from humans and animals, and this prevented the unambiguous identification of MLGs. Furthermore, in five human isolates and one non-human primate isolate, the assignment to assemblage B was problematic, given that one of the four markers supported an assignment to assemblage A. These findings raise concerns about the interpretation of genotyping data based on single markers, and indicate the need to understand the mechanisms that are responsible for the differences between G. duodenalis assemblages A and B. (C) 2008 Australian Society for Parasitology Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved."	"Lalle, Marco/O-2287-2015; Caccio, Simone/K-9278-2015"		
"Lalle, Marco/0000-0001-5168-2150;"		<Go to ISI>://BCI:BCI200900031287																																					
"O. Cabezon, R. Velarde, G. Mentaberre, L. Fernandez-Sirera, E. Casas-Diaz, J. Lopez-Olvera, E. Serrano, R. Rosell, C. Riquelme, S. Lavin, J. Segales and I. Marco"	2011	Experimental infection with chamois border disease virus causes long-lasting viraemia and disease in Pyrenean chamois (Rupicapra pyrenaica)		Journal of General Virology			92		Part 11	2494-2501					Nov			Experimental infection with chamois border disease virus causes long-lasting viraemia and disease in Pyrenean chamois (Rupicapra pyrenaica)		0022-1317												BCI:BCI201200005607				"Since 2001, severe outbreaks of disease associated with border disease virus (BDV) infection have been reported in Pyrenean chamois. The disease is characterized by variable degrees of cachexia, alopecia and neurological manifestations prior to death. The aim of this study was to investigate this disease under experimental conditions. To assess viral virulence, humoral immune response, dissemination and probable routes of transmission, seven chamois (five seronegative and two seropositive for BDV) were inoculated with a BDV isolated from a naturally infected chamois. A group of three chamois were maintained as uninfected controls. The five seronegative chamois became viraemic from day 2 post-inoculation (p.i.) until their death (three animals) or the end of the experiment (on day 34 p.i.) and developed neutralizing antibodies from day 18 p.i. until the end of the study. Continuous shedding of the virus was detected by RT-PCR in oral, nasal and rectal swabs in viraemic chamois from day 5 p.i. Despite none of the viraemic chamois showing obvious neurological signs, all of them had a non-suppurative meningoencephalitis as seen in naturally infected chamois. The two inoculated BDV-seropositive chamois did not become viraemic. This study confirms that BDV is the primary agent of the disease that has been affecting chamois populations in recent years in the Pyrenees and that previously acquired humoral immunity is protective."	"Lopez Olvera, Jorge/H-8382-2015; SERRANO-FERRON, Emmanuel/J-4489-2013; Lavin, Santiago/L-5975-2014; Cabezon, Oscar/L-3812-2014; Mentaberre, Gregorio/H-4629-2015; Marco, Ignasi/E-8633-2015; Segales, Joaquim/A-4933-2011; Velarde, Roser/M-1614-2014"		
"Lopez Olvera, Jorge/0000-0002-2999-3451; SERRANO-FERRON, Emmanuel/0000-0002-9799-9804; Lavin, Santiago/0000-0001-5655-588X; Cabezon, Oscar/0000-0001-7543-8371; Mentaberre, Gregorio/0000-0001-9542-7514; Marco, Ignasi/0000-0001-7479-3419; Segales, Joaquim/0000-0002-1539-7261; Velarde, Roser/0000-0003-3332-6405; Rosell, Rosa/0000-0002-8294-1159"		<Go to ISI>://BCI:BCI201200005607