(core): unused cross-region exports can't be deleted

[shahin]

Describe the bug

If a stack maintains multiple cross-region exports, and some subset of cross-region exports are being imported by other stacks, attempting to remove any cross-region export value that is not being used (imported) by any deployed stack:

❯ cdk diff [...] --exclusively
[...]
[~] Custom::CrossRegionExportWriter ExportsWriteruswest2[...]
ExportsWriteruswest2[...]
 └─ [~] WriterProps
     └─ [~] .exports:
         └─ [-] Removed: ./cdk/exports/unused-value/anotherstackuseast1Ref[...]certificate[...]

Fails with the following error on cdk deploy:

ExportsWriteruswest2[...]/Resource/Default (ExportsWriteruswest2[...]) Received response status [FAILED] from custom resource. Message returned: Error: Exports cannot be updated: 

    at throwIfAnyInUse (/var/task/index.js:4:10)

Other issues don't describe this bug:

• several closed issues reference cross-region exports ((core): crossRegionReference only works for first destination region #24464, core: CrossRegionExportReader: Response object is too long #25114), but these concern creating exports not deleting them
• many closed issues reference removing cross-stack exports (No longer accessing another stack's resource causes deadly embrace #7602), but cross-stack exports that are not also cross-region don't use the ExportsWriter lambda and can't produce the failure mode
• the Stack.export_value function does not export values across regions, only across stacks, so it can't be used to create a "dummy" cross-region export for this ExportsWriter lambda

Expected Behavior

CDK should fail to deploy with the error above only if the cdk diff shows an export being removed that is currently imported by another stack.

Current Behavior

CDK fails to deploy with the error above even when cdk diff shows only exports being removed that are not currently imported by another stack.

Reproduction Steps

1. Create two cross-region exports, exported from stack A into another stack B in a different region.
2. Remove one of the two imports from stack B and deploy stack B exclusively. Observe that one import is removed from stack B's ["CrossRegionExportReader"]["ReaderProps"] template in the CloudFormation console.
3. Attempt to deploy stack A. Observe one of the two exports being removed in the diff. Observe that on the deploy, the ExportWriter fails to update and the deploy fails with the error above.

Possible Solution

No response

Additional Information/Context

No response

CDK CLI Version

2.94.0 (build 987c329)

Framework Version

No response

Node.js Version

v18.17.1

OS

macOS

Language

Python

Language Version

Python (3.10.4)

Other information

No response

[khushail]

Hi @shahin , could you please share the sample code so that this issue can be reproduced

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[shahin]

Thanks for your attention to this issue. The reproduction steps above are the best I can do for now.

[renschler]

I am facing this issue as well. @shahin do you know if there is a workaround? Is manually deleting the SSM parameters in all regions before deploy a way to get around this? Im debugging in a dev environment now but trying to figure out how I'm going to roll my changes out to prod without a crash; makes me nervous haha

Reproduction Steps
Create two cross-region exports, exported from stack A into another stack B in a different region.
Remove one of the two imports from stack B and deploy stack B exclusively. Observe that one import is removed from stack B's ["CrossRegionExportReader"]["ReaderProps"] template in the CloudFormation console.
Attempt to deploy stack A. Observe one of the two exports being removed in the diff. Observe that on the deploy, the ExportWriter fails to update and the deploy fails with the error above

My scenario was slightly different, but essentially the same issue.

• When I removed one of the two imports from stack B, and deployed stack A exclusively I got a crash. When I attempted to deploy the who app at once (ie both stacks at once) I also got a crash. (Note there is no way for me to deploy stack B exclusively from what I can tell because I've specified that stack B is dependent on stack A).

[shahin]

@renschler sorry, I don't know of a workaround in CDK. Deleting the SSM parameters might be part of the solution but did not by itself unblock deployment for us.

(Note there is no way for me to deploy stack B exclusively from what I can tell because I've specified that stack B is dependent on stack A).

If stack B depends on stack A, you can still deploy stack B by itself with the --exclusively flag:

❯ cdk deploy --help
cdk deploy [STACKS..]

[...]
-e, --exclusively          Only deploy requested stacks, don't include
                             dependencies                              [boolean]

[renschler]

thanks @shahin

@khushail I made a reproduction repo please let me know if you have any questions

https://github.com/renschler/cross-region-delete

[renschler]

ps as a warning to others, don't delete those unnecessary SSM paramters, it will create more issues! I'm now having to re-add them manually to SSM in every region where I deleted them. then after manually re-adding you'll hit a "last modified date does not match with the last modified date of the retrieved parameters" error during deploy, the only way to fix was to run cdk synth and then manually update the stacks in the aws console using the generated json template in cdk.out/

[NickDarvey]

Given the bug found by @elliotsegler in #29699, it looks like the error Error: Exports cannot be updated is explicitly thrown when an SSM parameter has the tag aws-cdk:strong-ref:SomeStackName ¹.

Perhaps a workaround is removing that tag and then redeploying? I understand the tag is there to stop updates ², but I'm not sure why that's necessary ³. (So this workaround might not be a very good workaround!) In my case I am making a change that removes a cross-region reference so... should be fine?

Footnotes

1. https://github.com/aws/aws-cdk/blob/36fd79d8714bd29527bb1184ec10cd504b83510d/packages/%40aws-cdk/custom-resource-handlers/lib/core/cross-region-ssm-writer-handler/index.ts#L92-L137 ↩

2. https://github.com/aws/aws-cdk/blob/b82320b08ebcda98b85be8ceb56a5a4b39511d4a/packages/aws-cdk-lib/core/adr/cross-region-stack-references.md?plain=1#L243-L247 ↩

3. My best bet is that CloudFormation won't detect a change in the parameter's value for the importing stack, so resources using the parameter won't actually get updated with the new value. The strong-ref check is there to stop people getting confused about why their resourced don't get updated with the new value. ↩

[elliotsegler]

@NickDarvey I'm wondering if that's an ordering issue...

The cross-region-reader-handler and associated Custom::CrossRegionReader resource get added to the stack that consumes the exports. That handler is capable of removing the tags¹.

In my issues I was letting CDK resolve the order of operations, and it was attempting to delete resources in the stack that contained the exports before updating the reader stack which would have removed those tags. I worked around it by specifically calling a deployment of the reader stack, then a second phase of deployments to the stack that contained now unused exports.

Footnotes

1. https://github.com/aws/aws-cdk/blob/36fd79d8714bd29527bb1184ec10cd504b83510d/packages/%40aws-cdk/custom-resource-handlers/lib/core/cross-region-ssm-reader-handler/index.ts#L31-L33 ↩

[NickDarvey]

I worked around it by specifically calling a deployment of the reader stack

That would have worked for me too actually!

[renschler]

thanks @shahin

@khushail I made a reproduction repo please let me know if you have any questions

https://github.com/renschler/cross-region-delete

@TheRealAmazonKendra I made a reproduction repo here; if anyone has issues reproducing let me know and I can help explain!

[andreialecu]

Looks like we got hit by this too. The stack is now in UPDATE_ROLLBACK_FAILED state and cannot seemed to be rolled back.

Any workarounds to get it un stuck? Would skipping the resource be safe?

[candu]

I can see the challenge here: if I export a cross-region reference from stack A to stack B, and stack B depends on resources in stack A, and I delete the resource this cross-region reference refers to, I then have a cyclic update dependency.

From the ADR linked above, I'd want to update stack B (export reader), then stack A (export writer).

However, since stack B depends on resources in stack A, I'd want to update stack A, then stack B.

As a result, neither stack is safe to update before the other.

Maybe an ideal resolution would be to detect the cyclic dependency here and fast-fail? In cases like this, I'd much rather have fast-fail behaviour than unblock UPDATE_ROLLBACK_FAILED snags (e.g. with a warning that guides me to use --exclusively, or to break up the update into two steps).

[AposLaz]

Any updates for this issue?