rhel.txt

===Instalasi RHEL 7===

~ Minimal
~ LVM2
~ NTP

===shell & manajemen file & directory===

whoami → cek user aktiv
pwd → print working directory
cd → change directory
mkdir → make directory
rmdir → remove empty directory

ls → listing directory

[command] --help
man [command]

touch → membuat file kosong
rm → menghapus file/dir
cp → copy file/dir
mv → move/rename file/dir

file → melihat tipe file

===editor teks vi===

cat → menampilkan isi file teks

command vi
i → masuk ke mode edit
esc → kembali ke mode command
:w [namafile] → simpan file
:q! → keluar
:wq → simpan dan keluar
yy → copy 1 baris di posisi kursor
3yy → copy 3 baris mulai dari posisi kursor ke bawah
dd → delete/cut 1 baris di posisi kursor
3yy → delete/cut 3 baris mulai dari posisi kursor ke bawah
u → undo
:redo → redo
/[string] → mencari kata string
n → mencari kata string berikutnya
:%s/string_awal/string_pengganti/g

===manajemen disk===

1. membuat partisi disk → fdisk
# fdisk -l
# fdisk /dev/sdb
p → menampilkan skema partisi
g → create partition table gpt
n → membuat partisi baru
w → menyimpan skema partisi
q → keluar tanpa menyimpan

# partprobe → kernel membaca skema partisi baru
# fdisk -l

2. membuat file system → ext4, xfs

# mkfs.xfs -L DATA /dev/sdb1

3. mount → /etc/fstab

# mkdir /mnt/data → directory mount point
# vi /etc/fstab

/dev/sdb1 /mnt/data xfs defaults 0 0

# mount /dev/sdb1
# mount
# df -h
# umount /dev/sdb1
# df -h

===Manajemen Paket===

Repository → Database paket + index
Manajemen paket → yum

File konfigurasi repositori → /etc/yum.repos.d/*.repo

---Konfigurasi Repo ke DVD---

1. Buat direktori mount point DVD

# mkdir /media/cdrom

2. Mount DVD RHEL

# mount /dev/cdrom /media/cdrom
# df -h

3. Buat file konfigurasi repo

# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
# vi rhel7-dvd.repo

[rhel7-dvd]
name=Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 DVD
baseurl=file:///media/cdrom
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0

# yum repolist
# yum search nano
# yum install nano
# yum list | more

===Konfigurasi Jaringan===

1. Colok kabel UTP

# dmesg | grep enp

# nmtui

IP: 10.0.0.2x/24
Gateway: 10.0.0.1
DNS1: 8.8.8.8
DNS2: 8.8.4.4

[X] Automatically connected

# ip addr → Cek alamat IP
# ip route → Cek default gateway
# cat /etc/resolv.conf → Cek DNS resolver

# ping 10.0.0.2x
# ping 10.0.0.1
# ping 8.8.8.8
# ping 10.0.0.20

–-Test service network (httpd)---

# yum install httpd
# systemctl start httpd
# systemctl status httpd

# systemctl stop firewalld
# systemctl disable firewalld
# systemctl status firewalld

Browsing dari Host OS laptop ke RHEL Server
http://10.0.0.2x


===SSH Service===

# systemctl status sshd

Test SSH dari Hos OS laptop ke RHEL 7 Server

---SSH Tanpa Password (Key Public)---

---Generate Key Public di Host OS Laptop (Linux)---

$ ssh-keygen
$ ls -lh ~/.ssh/

---Copy Key Public ke server SSH di Host OS Laptop (Linux)---

$ ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub root@10.0.0.2x

Test SSH dari Hos OS laptop ke RHEL 7 Server

---Transfer File lewat SCP---

SCP dari Host OS ke Server

scp -r /etc/passwd root@10.0.0.2x:/root/

SSH ke Server

# ls -lh /root

SCP dari Server ke Host OS

scp -r root@10.0.0.2x:/etc/redhat-release ~/


===Manajemen User===

Tipe User:
1. root → administrator
2. pseudo users → user aplikasi
3. users → user biasa

File konfigurasi user: /etc/passwd

root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash

[user]:[password]:[uid]:[gid]:[deskripsi]:[home dir]:[shell]

File konfigurasi password: /etc/shadow

---Membuat User---

# useradd -m budi

---Set Password User---

# passwd budi

File konfigurasi grup: /etc/group

---Login Ke User Lain di Shell Aktif---

su – [user]

---Login Ke root di Shell Aktif---

su -

---Membuat Grup Baru---

# grupadd -g 9999 jagoan

---Memasukkan user ke dalam grup---

# usermod -aG jagoan budi
# usermod -aG jagoan samad
# tail -5 /etc/passwd
# tail -5 /etc/group

===Hak Akses (Permission) dan Kepemilikan (Ownership) File/Dir===

# ls -lh /latihan
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  0 Feb 21 17:45 file1

- → file/direktori
rw- → permission user owner
r-- → permission group owner
r-- → permission other
. → selinux
1 → jumlah hardlink
root → user owner
root → group owner
0 → ukuran file
Feb 21 17:45 → waktu modifikasi terakhir
file1 → nama file

---permission---

	r 4		w 2		x 1
0	-		-		-
1	-		-		x
2	-		w		-
3	-		w		x
4	r		-		-
5	r		-		x
6	r		w		-
7	r		w		x

chmod → ubah permission file/dir

chmod [nilai permission user group other] [file/dir]

chmod [ugoa][+-=][rwx-] [file/dir]


chmod u=r,g=-,o=- file_user1a


---Ubah Ownership---

chown → ubah ownership user & grup

chgrp → ubah ownership grup

====Set SELinux Permissive===
# getenforce → cek status SELinux
# setenforce [0|1] → set SELinux Permissive | Enforcing


===Konfigurasi Jam dan Tanggal===

date → system clock (jam tanggal sistem Linux)
hwclock → hardware clock (jam tanggal sistem BIOS)

1. instal paket ntp

# yum install ntp ntpdate
# systemctl start ntpd
# systemctl enable ntpd
# systemctl status ntpd

2. set time-zome

# timedatectl list-timezones | grep -i jakarta
# timedatectl set-timezone Asia/Jakarta

3. set system time menggunakan ntp

# timedatectl set-ntp yes

4. verifikasi

# timedatectl
# date

5. sinkronisasi system clock dan hardware clock

# hwclock --systohc

===Log===

Direktori lokasi log default → /var/log

Log system utama → /var/log/messages

File konfigurasi Log: /etc/rsyslog.conf

Service manajemen log:
# systemctl status rsyslog

tools baca log:
tail
tailf

===Logical Volume Management (LVM)===

1. Set partisi tipe 15 (Linux LVM) dengan fdisk

# fdisk /dev/sdb
# partprobe

2. Instal paket lvm2

# yum install lvm2
# reboot

3. Membuat Physical Volume (PV)

# pvcreate /dev/sdb2 /dev/sdb3
# pvs
# pvdisplay

4. Membuat Volume Group (VG)

# vgcreate vg01 /dev/sdb2 /dev/sdb3
# vgs
# vgdisplay

5. Membuat Logical Volume (LV)

# lvcreate vg01 -L 3G -n lv01
# lvs
# lvdisplay
# vgs

6. Format LV

# mkfs.xfs /dev/vg01/lv01 -L VG01LV01

7. Mount LV

# mkdir /mnt/vg01lv01

# vi /etc/fstab

/dev/vg01/lv01 /mnt/vg01lv01 xfs defaults 0 0

# mount /dev/vg01/lv01
# mount
# df -h

---Extend LV---

0. Menulis file ke partisi LV

# unalias cp
# for X in {1..1000000};do cp -v /etc/passwd /mnt/vg01lv01/file$X; sleep 5; done

Buka terminal baru

1. Membuat PV partisi baru

# pvcreate /dev/sdb4
# pvs

2. Masukkan PV baru ke VG yang sudah ada

# vgextend vg01 /dev/sdb4
# vgs

3. Extend LV01

# lvextend -l +100%FREE /dev/vg01/lv01
# lvs
# df -h

4. Resize filesystem (ext4 → resize2fs | xfs → xfs_growfs)

# xfs_growfs /mnt/vg01lv01/
# df -h

---Remove PV---

Perhatikan dan hitung kapasitas yang sudah dipakai dan kapasitas disk dari VG yang akan diremove

1. Shrink file system  (ext4 bisa shrink, xfs belum bisa shrink)

# xfs_growfs -L 941875 /mnt/vg01lv01/

2. Reduce LV

# lvreduce -L 3.7G /dev/vg01/lv01
# lvs

3. Remove PV dari VG

# vgreduce vg01 /dev/sdb2

4. Remove status PV partisi disk

# pvremove /dev/sdb2


===Shell Script==

# cd /latihan
# vi latihan3.sh

--------------------------------------

#!/bin/bash
echo “halo, ini skrip pertama saya”

---------------------------------------

# cat latihan3.sh
# chmod +x latihan3.sh
# ./latihan3.sh

# vi latihan4.sh

---------------------------------------------

#!/bin/bash

unalias cp
for X in {1..1000000}
	do
		cp -v /etc/passwd /mnt/vg01lv01/file$X
		sleep 5
	done

-------------------------------------------------

# chmod +x latihan4.sh
# ./latihan4.sh


===Proses Boot===

1. BIOS
2. Boot loader → GRUB
3. Kernel → /boot/vmlinuz-xxxx
4. SystemD → PID 1
5. Services

===Manajemen Proses===

Menampilkan keseluruhan proses

# ps -aux | more
# ps -aux | head -1
# ps -aux | grep latihan4.sh

Tipe proses:
1. Proses Daemons (SystemD)
Proses yang dijalankan oleh SystemD/Services

2. Proses Foreground
Proses yang diinput dan berjalan di shell aktif

3. Proses Background
Proses yang diinput di shell aktif tapi berjalan di belakang shell.

[COMMAND] &

fg → mengubah proses background menjadi proses foreground
bg → mengubah proses stop menjadi proses background

# ./latihan4.sh &
# jobs → menampilkan proses background atau proses stop
# fg 1
Ctrl+Z → proses stop (lanjutkan proses dengan fg atau bg)
# jobs
# bg 1
# jobs

---Menampilkan Proses Statis---

# ps -aux | more

---Mengirim Sinyal Ke Proses (Kill)---

# ps -aux | grep latihan4.sh
# kill -9 [PID]

---Menampilkan Proses Dinamis---

# top

===Repo CentOS Updates===

Contoh Repo CentOS Updates:
http://kambing.ui.ac.id/centos/7/updates/x86_64/

# cd /etc/yum.repos.d

# vi centos7-updates.repo

[centos7-updates]
name=CentOS 7 Updates
baseurl=http://10.0.0.117/repo/centos/7/updates/x86_64/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0

# yum repolist

---Upgrade Paket---

# yum upgrade

===Repo CentOS EPEL===

Contoh Repo EPEL:
http://fedora.dionipe.web.id/epel/7/x86_64/

#cd /etc/yum.repos.d
# vi epel7.repo

[epel]
name=EPEL 7
baseurl=http://10.0.0.117/repo/epel/7/x86_64/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0

# yum repolist
# yum install htop testdisk

# yum install yumex

===Partisi Swap===

# swapon -s
# top
# free -m → status memori ram & swap

---Membuat & Aktifkan Partisi Swap---

1. Partisi tipe Linux Swap (14)

# fdisk /dev/sdb
# partprobe
# fdisk -l

2. Format tipe FS Swap

# mkswap -L SWAP /dev/sdb5

3. Aktifkan partisi Swap

# swapon /dev/sdb5
# swapon -s

4. Edit file konfigurasi mount

# vi /etc/fstab

/dev/sdb5 swap swap defaults 0 0

5. Matikan Swap

# swapoff /dev/sdb5
# swapon -s


===FTP Service===

1. Instal paket vsftpd

# yum install vsftpd

2. Aktifkan Service VSFTPD

# systemctl start vsftpd
# systemctl enable vsftpd
# systemctl status vsftpd

3. Test login FTP dari klien (Host OS Laptop)
User: anonymous
Password: [ENTER]

4. Edit file konfigurasi vsftpd: /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf

# vi /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf

------------------------------------

anonymous_enable=NO

------------------------------------

# systemctl restart vsftpd

4. Test login FTP dari klien (Host OS Laptop)
User: anonymous
Password: [ENTER] → GAGAL


===KVM===

# yum install qemu-kvm virt-manager

===Root Password Recovery===

http://linoxide.com/linux-how-to/reset-forgotten-root-password-rhel-centos-7/


===Tools Admin===

nmap
tcpdump
mtr
fping

utian@btech.co.id
HP/WA/Telegram: 0811 1117 115