-
Notifications
You must be signed in to change notification settings - Fork 0
/
sbh.html
402 lines (391 loc) · 22.6 KB
/
sbh.html
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
<!DOCTYPE HTML>
<!--
shak nairobi website
kamili empire inc.
-->
<html>
<head>
<!-- metas -->
<meta charset="utf-8" />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, user-scalable=no" />
<meta http-equiv="x-ua-compatible" content="ie=edge">
<meta name="keywords" content="SHAK, SHAK Nairobi, Nairobi, Spina bifida, Hydrocephalus, shaknairobi.org, shaknairobi.net, child help international, Spina bifida Hydrocrphalus of Kenya Kamili, Kamili Empire, Kamili Empire Inc.">
<meta name="description" content="Kamili Empire Inc. © 2023">
<meta name="author" content="https://www.aogajoseph.github.io/profolio/">
<!-- title -->
<title>SBH | SHAK Nairobi</title>
<!-- favicon -->
<link rel="shortcut icon" href="img/favicon.png" type="image/png">
<!-- css -->
<link rel="stylesheet" href="assets/css/main.css" />
<noscript><link rel="stylesheet" href="assets/css/noscript.css" /></noscript>
</head>
<body class="is-preload">
<!-- wrapper -->
<div id="wrapper">
<!-- intro -->
<div class="intro" id="intro" style="background-image: url(images/2.jpg);">
<img src="images/logo.png" alt="Img" class="shak-logo">
<h2><span class="yellow-text larger">SHAK <br> Nairobi</span></h1>
<p class="bright-text bold">Providing hope to families of persons <br> living with Spina bifida and Hydrocephalus.</p>
<p class="bold">Care • Hope • Healing</p>
</div>
<!-- nav -->
<nav id="nav">
<ul class="links">
<li><a href="index.html">Home</a></li>
<li><a href="about.html">About us</a></li>
<li class="active"><a href="sbh.html">Spina bifida & Hydrocephalus</a></li>
<li><a href="projects.html">Projects</a></li>
<li><a href="get-involved.html">Get Involved</a></li>
<li><a href="shak-nairobi.html">Blog</a></li>
<li><a href="#footer">Contact Us</a></li>
</ul>
<ul class="icons">
<ul class="icon alt">
<li><a href="https://www.facebook.com/ShakNairobi" class="icon fb brands alt fa-facebook-f" target="_blank"><span class="label">Facebook</span></a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.instagram.com/shak_nairobi/" class="icon inst brands alt fa-instagram" target="_blank"><span class="label">Instagram</span></a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCsucGNj5cBWjCKCgIns8f_g" class="icon yt brands alt fa-youtube" target="_blank"><span class="label">Youtube</span></a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/shak-nairobi/" class="icon in brands alt fa-linkedin" target="_blank"><span class="label">LinkedIn</span></a></li>
</ul>
</ul>
</nav>
<!-- main -->
<div id="main">
<!-- content -->
<section class="post">
<header class="major">
<h1 class="subtitle3 center">SPINA BIFIDA &<br> HYDROCEPHALUS</h1>
</header>
<hr>
<header>
<h2 class="subtitle3">What is Spina bifida</h2>
<p class="no-space">Spina bifida is a birth defect that occurs when the spine and spinal cord fail to form properly. It's a neural tube defect. The neural tube refers to the structure that develops to form a baby's brain, spinal cord and the tissues enclosing them.</p>
<p class="no-space">It forms in the earliest stages of conception, typically within the first 28 days of pregnancy. In babies with spina bifida, a portion of the neural tube fails to develop or close properly, leading to spinal, bowel and bladder dysfunction. Spina bifida can range from mild to severe, depending on the type, size, location and related complications. Where necessary, the earliest medical intervention for spina bifida involves surgery — although, this doesn't always resolve the defect completely.</p>
<p class="no-space">Spina bifida can range from mild to severe, depending on the type, size, location and related complications. Where necessary, the earliest medical intervention for spina bifida involves surgery — although, this doesn't always resolve the defect completely.</p>
</header>
<header>
<h2 class="subtitle3">Types of Spina bifida</h2>
<ol>
<li>
<h3 class="subtitle2"><u>Spina bifida Occulta</u></h3>
<p class="no-space">Spina bifida Occulta is the mildest and most common type of spina bifida. It results in a small gap in one or more of the bones of the spine (vertebrae), some hair or a small protrution may also be present on the back. Most people who have spina bifida occulta don't even know they have it.</p>
</li>
<li>
<h3 class="subtitle2"><u>Meningocele</u></h3>
<p class="no-space">This is a rare type of spina bifida which is characterized by a sac of spinal fluid bulging through an opening in the spine. No nerves are affected in this category and the spinal cord isn't contained in the fluid sac. Babies with meningocele may experience minor problems including but not limited to bladder and bowel dysfunction.</p>
</li>
<li>
<h3 class="subtitle2"><u>Lipomyelomeningocele</u></h3>
<p class="no-space">The Lipomyelomeningocele type of spina bifida occurs when the outer part of the vertebrae fails to close completely, leaving an opening in the bones of the spine. Fatty tissues usually push through this opening and may cause compression of the nerves.</p>
</li>
<li>
<h3 class="subtitle2"><u>Myelomeningocele</u></h3>
<p class="no-space">Also known as open spina bifida, is the most severe type. The spinal canal is open along several vertebrae (small gaps in the bones of the spine) in the lower or middle back. The membranes and spinal nerves push through this opening at birth, forming a sac on the baby's back, typically exposing tissues and nerves. This exposes the baby to life-threatening infections and may also cause paralysis of the lower limbs and bladder and bowel dysfunction.
</p>
</li>
</ol>
<blockquote class="bold no-space">
<p>90% of children born with meningocele and myelomeningocele are usually at the highest risk of acquiring Hydrocephalus.</p>
</blockquote>
</header>
<header>
<div class="col-6 col-12-small">
<p class="bold center"><i>The different types of Spina bifida explained</i></p>
</div>
<div class="col-6 col-12-small get-involved-btn">
<iframe width="560" height="250" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/6Ii_v3t9hpU" title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" allowfullscreen></iframe>
</div>
</header><br>
<header>
<h2 class="subtitle3 center">What causes spina bifida?</h2>
<p class="no-space">The causes of Spina Bifida are not certainly known, but research has shown that about 78% of the reported cases resulted from the lack of folate in expectant women; Especially during the first trimester (three months) of pregnancy. It is therefore recommended that all women of childbearing ages eat fortified foods as regularly as possible, take folic acid supplements and ensure proper nutrition at all times.</p>
<blockquote class="no-space">
<strong>" A woman who gives birth to a child with Spina bifida is at a high risk of getting another child with the same condition; Unless her folate levels are increased. "</strong>
</blockquote>
</header><br>
<header>
<h2 class="subtitle3 center">Effects of Spina bifida</h2>
<P class="center">Depending on the severity of a child's condition, spina bifida may cause the following complications:</h3>
<div class="table-wrapper">
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th></th>
<th>COMPLICATION</th>
<th>MEDICAL INTERVENTION</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td></td>
<td>Paralysis of the lower limbs</td>
<td>Corrective surgeries and rehabilitation</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td>
<td>Clubfoot</td>
<td>Corrective surgeries and rehabilitation</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td>
<td>Spine deformities (scoliosis, lordosis)</td>
<td>Corrective surgeries, rehabilitation and use of corsets</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td>
<td>Recurrent wounds</td>
<td>Lifelong care i.e. continence management, skincare etc.,</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td>
<td>Skin conditions</td>
<td>Lifelong care i.e. continence management, skincare etc.,</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td>
<td>Poor bowel and bladder function and control</td>
<td>Lifelong care i.e. continence management, skincare etc.,</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<blockquote class="bold no-space">
<p class="bold">Children born with Spina Bifida need training on Continence care (Clean Intermittent Catheterization - CIC and bowel washout) to protect their kidneys from infections and skin-related issues.</p>
</blockquote>
</header>
<hr>
<header>
<h2 class="subtitle3">What is Hydrocephalus</h2>
<p class="no-space">Hydrocephalus is a condition where an abnormal build-up of fluid occurs in the brain. This fluid is known as cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) — a clear, colorless fluid surrounding the brain and spinal cord.</p>
<p class="no-space">Normally, CSF should flow through the ventricles (a network of cavities within the brain) as a nutrient delivery and waste removal system for the brain. It bathes the brain and spinal cord, protecting and cushioning them from injury. Naturally, CSF should be reabsorbed into the bloodstream after circulating through the brain and spinal cord.</p>
<p class="no-space">The body usually produces the CSF it needs for each day and then reabsorbs it into the bloodstream after it flows through the brain and spinal cord. However, when the normal flow or absorption is blocked, it results in a buildup within the brain causing the ventricles to expand. This causes pressure inside the brain and increases the size of the head. Prolonged pressure from too much CSF can lead to blindness and brain damage.</p>
</header>
<header>
<h2 class="subtitle3">Types of Hydrocephalus</h2>
<p class="no-space">Hydrocephalus occurs in the brain when the levels of CSF produced and absorbed is not balanced. This condition can be classified in different categories based on the nature of CSF blockage and imbalance.</p>
</header>
<header>
<p>
<ol>
<li>
<h3 class="subtitle2"><u>Communicating (non-obstructive) Hydrocephalus.</u></h3>
<p class="no-space">This form occurs after the CSF produced is trapped in the brain but it can still flow between the brain ventricles.</p>
</li>
<li>
<h3 class="subtitle2"><u>Non-communicating (Obstructive) Hydrocephalus.</u></h3>
<p class="no-space">This form occurs when the CSF produced is trapped in the brain and blocked in one or more of the narrow passages that connect the ventricles. This blockage may arise from a malformation or a narrowing of some kind.</p>
</li>
<li>
<h3 class="no-space subtitle2"><u>Congenital Hydrocephalus</u></h3>
<p class="no-space"> This form of Hydrocephalus is mostly present at birth. It may also be caused by other issues such as infections or trauma during fetal development. Congenital Hydrocephalus may be linked to other birth defects affecting the spine.</p>
</li>
<li>
<h3 class="no-space subtitle2"><u>Acquired Hydrocephalus</u></h3>
<p class="no-space">This form develops after birth. It can be caused by infections like meningitis, bleeding, injury, brain hemorrhage or tumors.</p>
</li>
<li>
<h3 class="no-space subtitle2"><u>Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus (NPH)</u></h3>
<p class="no-space">This type usually develops in adults aged 55 or older. It often occurs after a head trauma, an infection or an internal bleeding in the brain.</p>
</li>
<li>
<h3 class="no-space subtitle2"><u>Ex Vacuo Hydrocephalus</u></h3>
<p class="no-space">This occurs when there is a damage to the brain caused by stroke or a traumatic injury. This type of Hydrocephalus may not be dangerous for some people and treatment may not be necessary.
</p>
</li>
</ol>
</p>
</header>
<header>
<div class="col-6 col-12-small">
<p class="bold center"><i>Hydrocephalus explained</i></p>
</div>
<div class="col-6 col-12-small get-involved-btn">
<iframe width="560" height="250" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/4RNfZbPdjxY" title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" allowfullscreen></iframe>
</div>
</header><br>
<header>
<h2 class="subtitle3 center">What causes hydrocephalus?</h2>
<p>The causes of hydrocephalus usually vary due to various factors. It may arise from:</p>
<ul>
<li>Trauma to the brain before, during or after birth.</li>
<li>Brain tumors.</li>
<li>Premature births.</li>
<li>Severe Spina Bifida (Myelomeningocele and Meningocele)</li>
</ul>
<blockquote class="no-space">
<strong><i>Children born with severe spina bifida (Myelomeningocele and Meningocele) end up living with two complex disabilities; Spina Bifida and Hydrocephalus(SBH).</i></strong> <strong><i>Like other congenital (born with) conditions, children with hydrocephalus require early medical intervention to avoid complications such as blindness due to pressure on the optic nerves that give light to the eyes, brain damage, convulsions, celebral palsy and Autism.</i></strong>
</blockquote>
</header>
<header class="major">
<h3 class="subtitle3 larger">TREATMENT OF HYDROCEPHALUS</h2>
<img src="images/23.jpg" alt="Img" height="100%" width="100%">
<div class="col-6 col-12-small">
<p class="no-space">Treatment of hydrocephalus involves putting a shunt (a small pipe) in the brain to act as an artificial outlet for draining excessive CSF into the stomach (peritoneal). Advancements in medical research, now allow treatment using <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endoscopic_third_ventriculostomy"><u>Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy (ETV)</u></a>. This procedure offers higher chances of survival since shunts are prone to infections and failure. ETV surgical procedures are now available at the <a href="https://kijabehospital.org/main/about-us/"><u>Bethany Kids, Kijabe Mission Hospital</u></a> at subsidized rates. Bethany Kids, Kijabe hospital is SHAK Nairobi's key partner.</p>
<blockquote class="no-space">
<strong><i>A VP (Ventriculoperitoneal) shunt, being a foreign tool introduced to the body, cannot function as a natural component. It is therefore prone to failure and malfunction.</i></strong>
</blockquote>
</div>
</header>
<hr>
<header>
<p class="no-space">The table below highlights the signs of shunt malfunction according to the user's age:</p>
<div class="table-wrapper">
<table class="alt">
<thead>
<tr>
<th>INFANTS</th>
<th>TODDLERS</th>
<th>CHILDREN/ADOLESCENTS</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>The infant's head is enlarged</td>
<td>The toddler's head is enlarged</td>
<td>Fever</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Prominent scalp veins</td>
<td>Vomitting</td>
<td>Vomitting</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Swelling or redness along shunt tract</td>
<td>Fever</td>
<td>Headache</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Fontanel is full and tense when the <br> infant is upright and quiet</td>
<td>Irritability and/or sleepiness <br> (lethargy)</td>
<td>Vision problems</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Fever</td>
<td>Headache</td>
<td>Irritability and/or sleepiness <br> (lethargy)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Vomiting</td>
<td>Swelling or redness along shunt tract</td>
<td>Personality change</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>irritability and behavior change</td>
<td>Loss of previous abilities <br> (sensory/motor functions)</td>
<td>Loss of coordination or balance</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Sleepiness</td>
<td>Seizures</td>
<td>Swelling or redness along shunt tract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Downward deviation of the eyes</td>
<td>Changes in speech</td>
<td>Difficulty in waking up or staying awake</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Seizures</td>
<td>Onset or increase in strabismus</td>
<td>Seizures</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Decreased activity</td>
<td></td>
<td>Decline in academic performance</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</header><br>
<header>
<h3 class="subtitle3">Relationship between Spina bifida & Hydrocephalus</h3>
<p class="medium no-space">Almost every child born with spina bifida ends up acquiring hydrocephalus if the proper medical interventions are not undertaken early enough.</p>
<p class="medium no-space">Spina bifida may affect the nervous system, bones, muscles, kidneys and bladder and cause hydrocephalus and/or other complications.
</p>
<p class="medium no-space">The location on the spine where the undeveloped area occurs is called the Spina Bifida level. Since nerve damage at this point prevents functioning below it, the higher the level, the greater the impact on normal development and functioning.</p>
<p class="medium no-space">The opening in the spinal cord also results in loss of the fluid surrounding the nervous system. This positions the brain further down into the upper spinal column than normal. When this happens, the normal flow of fluids out of the brain is obstructed, causing excessive CSF in the brain, hence Hydrocephalus.
</p>
<h3 class="subtitle3">Prevention & Early Interventions</h3>
<p class="medium no-space">Substantial levels of folic acid in an expectant woman's system in the early days of pregnancy is critical to preventing spina bifida.</p>
<p class="medium no-space">Since most women become aware of their pregnancy after 28 days (after the neural tube is formed and closed), experts recommend that daily supplements of 400 micro grams (mcg) of folic acid are taken by all women of childbearing ages. Other major spina bifida treatments include fetal surgery during pregnancy or surgery on the baby right after birth.</p>
<p class="medium no-space">Hydrocephalus on the other hand cannot be prevented but the risks of acquisition can be lowered in the following ways to protect children and adults:
<ul class="medium no-space">
<li><i><strong>Prenatal care.</strong> This should be done during pregnancy to reduce the chances of going into premature labor, which may lead to Hydrocephalus.</i></li>
<li><i><strong>Vaccination.</strong> Vaccines help prevent illnesses and infections that might be linked to Hydrocephalus. Regular screening is recommeded to ensure that the child is protected against illnesses and infections that may expose the baby to Hydrocephalus.</i></li>
<li><i><strong>Safety gear and equipment.</strong> Safety equipment such as helmets and seat belts prevent injuries to the head when driving, riding bicycles and in workplaces.</i></li>
</ul>
</p>
</header>
</section>
</div>
<!-- footer -->
<footer id="footer">
<section>
<form method="post" action="https://formsubmit.co/info@shaknairobi.org">
<div><h1>TALK TO US</h1></div>
<div class="fields">
<div class="field">
<label for="name">Name:</label>
<input type="text" required name="name" id="name" placeholder="Full Names" />
</div>
<div class="field">
<label for="email">Email:</label>
<input type="text" required name="email" id="email" placeholder="Email Address"/>
</div>
<div class="field">
<label for="message">Message:</label>
<textarea name="message" required id="message" rows="3" placeholder="Type your message here..."></textarea>
</div>
</div>
<ul class="actions">
<li><input type="submit" value="Submit"/></li>
</ul>
</form>
</section>
<section class="split contact">
<section class="alt">
<h3>ADDRESS:</h3>
<p>Ngummo Golf Course, Phase 2<br />
House 497</p>
</section>
<section>
<h3>TELEPHONE:</h3>
<p>(072) 541-7990</p>
</section>
<section>
<h3>EMAIL:</h3>
<p>info@shaknairobi.org</p>
</section>
<section>
<h3>SOCIALS:</h3>
<ul class="icons alt">
<li><a href="https://www.facebook.com/ShakNairobi" class="icon fb brands alt fa-facebook-f" target="_blank"><span class="label">Facebook</span></a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.instagram.com/shak_nairobi/" class="icon inst brands alt fa-instagram" target="_blank"><span class="label">Instagram</span></a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCsucGNj5cBWjCKCgIns8f_g" class="icon yt brands alt fa-youtube" target="_blank"><span class="label">Youtube</span></a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/shak-nairobi/" class="icon in brands alt fa-linkedin" target="_blank"><span class="label">LinkedIn</span></a></li>
</ul>
</section>
</section>
</footer>
<!-- copyright -->
<div id="copyright">
<ul>
<li>© 2023</li>
<li class="bold"><a href="https://kamiliempire.github.io/kamiliempire/" target="_blank"><u>Kamili Empire Inc.</u></a></li>
<li class="bold">All rights Reserved</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- scripts -->
<script src="assets/js/jquery.min.js"></script>
<script src="assets/js/jquery.scrollex.min.js"></script>
<script src="assets/js/jquery.scrolly.min.js"></script>
<script src="assets/js/browser.min.js"></script>
<script src="assets/js/breakpoints.min.js"></script>
<script src="assets/js/util.js"></script>
<script src="assets/js/main.js"></script>
</body>
</html>