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Mounting a new hard drive to a Linux system involves several steps. Here's a step-by-step guide:

  1. Identify the New Hard Drive:

    • First, you need to identify the new hard drive. You can use the lsblk or fdisk -l command to list all the block devices and find your new drive.
    lsblk

    or

    sudo fdisk -l

  2. Partition the New Hard Drive:

    • If your new hard drive is not already partitioned, you need to create a partition. You can use the fdisk or parted tool.
    sudo fdisk /dev/sdX

    Replace /dev/sdX with your actual device name (e.g., /dev/sdb).

    In fdisk:

    • Press n to create a new partition.
    • Press p for primary partition.
    • Choose the partition number and accept the default values to use the entire disk.
    • Press w to write the changes and exit.

  3. Format the New Partition:

    • Once the partition is created, you need to format it with a filesystem. For example, to format it with the ext4 filesystem:
    sudo mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdX1

    Replace /dev/sdX1 with your actual partition name.

  4. Create a Mount Point:

    • You need to create a directory where you will mount the new hard drive.
    sudo mkdir /mnt/newdrive

  5. Mount the New Partition:

    • Now, you can mount the new partition to the mount point you created.
    sudo mount /dev/sdX1 /mnt/newdrive

  6. Update /etc/fstab:

    • To ensure the new drive mounts automatically at boot, you need to add an entry to the /etc/fstab file.
    • First, get the UUID of the new partition:
    sudo blkid /dev/sdX1
    • Open /etc/fstab in a text editor:
    sudo nano /etc/fstab
    • Add a line for the new drive:
    UUID=your-uuid-here /mnt/newdrive ext4 defaults 0 2

    Replace your-uuid-here with the UUID you got from the blkid command.

  7. Mount All Filesystems:

    • Finally, test the /etc/fstab entry by running:
    sudo mount -a
    • If there are no errors, your new hard drive should be mounted and ready to use.

Example:

Assuming your new hard drive is /dev/sdb and you want to mount it at /mnt/newdrive:

sudo fdisk /dev/sdb
# Create partition, write changes

sudo mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb1
# Format partition

sudo mkdir /mnt/newdrive
# Create mount point

sudo mount /dev/sdb1 /mnt/newdrive
# Mount partition

sudo blkid /dev/sdb1
# Get UUID

sudo nano /etc/fstab
# Add line: UUID=your-uuid-here /mnt/newdrive ext4 defaults 0 2

sudo mount -a
# Test fstab entry