shared-mime-info: 2.2 -> 2.3

[tobim]

Description of changes

https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/xdg/shared-mime-info/-/releases/2.3
Also adds a patch for clang_16 compat.

Supersedes #252576.

Things done

• Built on platform(s)
  • x86_64-linux
  • aarch64-linux
  • x86_64-darwin
  • aarch64-darwin
• For non-Linux: Is sandbox = true set in nix.conf? (See Nix manual)
• Tested, as applicable:
  • NixOS test(s) (look inside nixos/tests)
  • and/or package tests
  • or, for functions and "core" functionality, tests in lib/tests or pkgs/test
  • made sure NixOS tests are linked to the relevant packages
• Tested compilation of all packages that depend on this change using nix-shell -p nixpkgs-review --run "nixpkgs-review rev HEAD". Note: all changes have to be committed, also see nixpkgs-review usage
• Tested basic functionality of all binary files (usually in ./result/bin/)
• 23.11 Release Notes (or backporting 23.05 Release notes)
  • (Package updates) Added a release notes entry if the change is major or breaking
  • (Module updates) Added a release notes entry if the change is significant
  • (Module addition) Added a release notes entry if adding a new NixOS module
• Fits CONTRIBUTING.md.

[tobim]

Related to #234710.

[jtojnar]

Upstream diff looks okay (did not check the XML file).

[tobim]

The clang16 patches have been merged upstream and there is still an open MR to update the changelog and the version number: https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/xdg/shared-mime-info/-/merge_requests/250/diffs?commit_id=e24fe6127370880596b9f06a4dd4a671ad530f85
Nevermind, that was already merged.

I'll set this to draft for now in case the tag will be rewritten.