fix cmake debug build

[rem1776]

Description
#971 made some changes so that the debug build wouldn't set some default flags (in favor of setting the flags manually). This was useful for testing the build but is non-standard and not a good idea, so this removes all of those changes.

Also updates the CI to use both build types in order to catch this error.

Fixes #1531

How Has This Been Tested?
built with gcc 13 and latest oneapi on amd box

Checklist:

• My code follows the style guidelines of this project
• I have performed a self-review of my own code
• I have commented my code, particularly in hard-to-understand areas
• I have made corresponding changes to the documentation
• My changes generate no new warnings
• Any dependent changes have been merged and published in downstream modules
• New check tests, if applicable, are included
• make distcheck passes