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SQLite.ps1
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SQLite.ps1
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# Parses SQLite varint V3
# Sep 27th 2022
function Parse-SQLiteVarIntV3
{
[CmdletBinding()]
param(
[Parameter(Mandatory=$true)]
[byte[]]$Data,
[Parameter(Mandatory=$true)]
[ref]$Position
)
Process
{
return Decode-MultiByteInteger -Data $Data -Position $Position -Reverse
}
}
# Parses SQLite database B-Tree cell payload
# Sep 27th 2022
function Parse-SQLiteBTreeCellPayload
{
[CmdletBinding()]
param(
[Parameter(Mandatory=$true)]
[byte[]]$Data,
[Parameter(Mandatory=$false)]
[int]$MaxColumns=20
)
Process
{
# Ref. https://www.sqlite.org/fileformat.html
# Parse the header
$headerSize = $Data[0]
# Parse the columns
$pCol = $headerSize
$nCol = 0
$columns = @()
for($p = 1 ; ($p -lt $headerSize);)
{
$serialType = Parse-SQLiteVarIntV3 -Data $Data -Position ([ref]$p)
switch($serialType)
{
# null
0 {
$value = $null
break
}
# Integer
1 {
$value = [int] $Data[$pCol]; $pCol++
break
}
# Integer
{$_ -gt 2 -and $_ -lt 8} {
switch($_)
{
{$_ -lt 5} {$nBytes = $_; break}
{$_ -eq 5} {$nBytes = 6; break}
default {$nBytes = 8; break}
}
$bytes = New-Object Byte[] 8
[Array]::Copy($Data,$pCol,$bytes,8-$nBytes,$nBytes)
[Array]::Reverse($bytes)
$value = [bitconverter]::ToInt64($bytes,0); $pCol += $nBytes
break
}
# Integer 0
8 {
$value = [int64] 0
break
}
# Integer 1
9 {
$value = [int64] 1
break
}
# Blob
{$_ -ge 12 -and $_ % 2 -eq 0}
{
$bLen = ($_ - 12) / 2
$value = $Data[$pCol..$($pCol + $bLen -1)]; $pCol += $bLen
break
}
# String - we'll assume UTF-8 encoding
{$_ -ge 13 -and $_ % 2 -ne 0}
{
$bLen = ($_ - 13) / 2
$value = [System.Text.Encoding]::UTF8.GetString($Data[$pCol..$($pCol + $bLen -1)]); $pCol += $bLen
break
}
}
$columns+= $value
}
return $columns
}
}
# Parses SQLite database B-Tree cell
# Sep 27th 2022
function Parse-SQLiteBTreeCell
{
[CmdletBinding()]
param(
[Parameter(Mandatory=$true)]
[byte[]]$Data,
[Parameter(Mandatory=$true)]
[int]$Position,
[Parameter(Mandatory=$true)]
[int]$PageType,
[Parameter(Mandatory=$true)]
[int]$PageSize
)
Process
{
# Ref. https://www.sqlite.org/fileformat.html
$p = $Position
# Overflow calcuation variables
$u = $PageSize # We assume no reserverd space
$m = (($u-12)*32/255)-23 # Always the same
switch($PageType)
{
0x0d #B-Tree Leaf Cell
{
$leftChild = $null
$payLoadBytes = Parse-SQLiteVarIntV3 -Data $Data -Position ([ref]$p)
$rowId = Parse-SQLiteVarIntV3 -Data $Data -Position ([ref]$p)
$payLoad = $Data[$p..$($p + $payloadBytes - 1)] ;$p += $payLoadBytes
$x = $u-35
$p = $payLoadBytes
$k = $m+(($p-$m)%($u-4))
if($p>$x)
{
# The first K bytes of P are stored on the btree page and the remaining P-K bytes are stored on overflow pages.
if($k -le $x)
{
$payLoad = $payLoad[0..$k-1]
$p -= $payLoadBytes + $k
}
# The first M bytes of P are stored on the btree page and the remaining P-M bytes are stored on overflow pages
else
{
$payLoad = $payLoad[0..$m-1]
$p -= $payLoadBytes + $m
}
$firstOverflowPage = [System.BitConverter]::ToInt32($Data[($p+4-1)..$p],0); $p += 4
}
break
}
0x05 #B-Tree Interior Cell
{
$leftChild = [System.BitConverter]::ToInt32($Data[($p+4-1)..$p],0); $p += 4
$payLoadBytes = $null
$rowId = Parse-SQLiteVarIntV3 -Data $Data -Position ([ref]$p)
$payLoad = $null
$firstOverflowPage = $null
break
}
0x0a #B-Tree Leaf Cell
{
$leftChild = $null
$payLoadBytes = Parse-SQLiteVarIntV3 -Data $Data -Position ([ref]$p)
$rowId = $null
$payLoad = $Data[$p..$($p + $payloadBytes - 1)] ;$p += $payLoadBytes
$x = (($u-12)*64/255)-23
$p = $payLoadBytes
$k = $m+(($p-$m)%($u-4))
if($p>$x)
{
# The first K bytes of P are stored on the btree page and the remaining P-K bytes are stored on overflow pages.
if($k -le $x)
{
$payLoad = $payLoad[0..$k-1]
$p -= $payLoadBytes + $k
}
# The first M bytes of P are stored on the btree page and the remaining P-M bytes are stored on overflow pages
else
{
$payLoad = $payLoad[0..$m-1]
$p -= $payLoadBytes + $m
}
$firstOverflowPage = [System.BitConverter]::ToInt32($Data[($p+4-1)..$p],0); $p += 4
}
break
}
0x02 #B-Tree Interior Cell
{
$leftChild = [System.BitConverter]::ToInt32($Data[($p+4-1)..$p],0); $p += 4
$payLoadBytes = Parse-SQLiteVarIntV3 -Data $Data -Position ([ref]$p)
$rowId = $null
$payLoad = $Data[$p..$($p + $payloadBytes - 1)] ;$p += $payLoadBytes
$x = (($u-12)*64/255)-23
$p = $payLoadBytes
$k = $m+(($p-$m)%($u-4))
if($p>$x)
{
# The first K bytes of P are stored on the btree page and the remaining P-K bytes are stored on overflow pages.
if($k -le $x)
{
$payLoad = $payLoad[0..$k-1]
$p -= $payLoadBytes + $k
}
# The first M bytes of P are stored on the btree page and the remaining P-M bytes are stored on overflow pages
else
{
$payLoad = $payLoad[0..$m-1]
$p -= $payLoadBytes + $m
}
$firstOverflowPage = [System.BitConverter]::ToInt32($Data[($p+4-1)..$p],0); $p += 4
}
break
}
}
if($payLoad)
{
$columns = Parse-SQLiteBTreeCellPayload -Data $payLoad
}
$attributes = [ordered]@{
"LeftChildPageNumber" = $leftChild
"PayloadBytes" = $payLoadBytes
"Payload" = $columns
"FirstOverFlowPageNumber" = $firstOverflowPage
}
return New-Object -TypeName psobject -Property $attributes
}
}
# Parses SQLite database file
# Sep 27th 2022
function Parse-SQLiteDatabase
{
[CmdletBinding()]
param(
[Parameter(Mandatory=$true)]
[byte[]]$Data
)
Process
{
# Parse SQLite db file header
$p = 0;
$header = Parse-SQLiteHeader -Data $Data -Position ([ref]$p)
# Parse pages
$pages = New-Object psobject[] $header.Pages
$nPages = 0
while($p -lt $Data.Count)
{
$pages[$nPages] = Parse-SQLiteBTreePage -Data $Data -Position ([ref]$p) -PageSize $header.PageSize
$nPages++
# Next page starts from header size + n*PageSize
$p = $nPages * $header.PageSize
}
$attributes = [ordered]@{
"Header" = $header
"Pages" = $pages
}
return New-Object -TypeName psobject -Property $attributes
}
}
# Parses SQLite database file B-Tree page
# Sep 27th 2022
function Parse-SQLiteBTreePage
{
[CmdletBinding()]
param(
[Parameter(Mandatory=$true)]
[byte[]]$Data,
[Parameter(Mandatory=$true)]
[ref]$Position,
[Parameter(Mandatory=$true)]
[int]$PageSize
)
Process
{
# Ref. https://www.sqlite.org/fileformat.html
$p = $Position.Value
# Calculate the page start
if($p -lt $PageSize)
{
$pageStart = 0
}
else
{
$pageStart = $p
}
$pageType = [int]$Data[$p]; $p += 1
# A value of 2 (0x02) means the page is an interior index b-tree page.
# A value of 5 (0x05) means the page is an interior table b-tree page.
# A value of 10 (0x0a) means the page is a leaf index b-tree page.
# A value of 13 (0x0d) means the page is a leaf table b-tree page.
$freeBlockStart = [System.BitConverter]::ToInt16($Data[($p+2-1)..$p],0); $p += 2
$cellsOnPage = [System.BitConverter]::ToInt16($Data[($p+2-1)..$p],0); $p += 2
$cellContentStart = [System.BitConverter]::ToInt16($Data[($p+2-1)..$p],0); $p += 2
if($cellContentStart -eq 0) # A zero value for this integer is interpreted as 65536.
{
$cellContentStart = 65536
}
$fragmentedFreeBytes = [int]$Data[$p]; $p += 1
if($pageType -eq 0x02)
{
$pageNumber = [System.BitConverter]::ToInt32($Data[($p+4-1)..$p],0); $p += 4
}
$cells = New-Object psobject[] $cellsOnPage
for($c = 0 ; $c -lt $cellsOnPage; $c++)
{
$cellOffset = [System.BitConverter]::ToInt16($Data[($p+2-1)..$p],0); $p += 2
$cellStart = $pageStart + $cellOffset
$cells[$c] = Parse-SQLiteBTreeCell -Data $Data -Position $cellStart -PageType $pageType -PageSize $PageSize
}
$Position.Value = $p
switch($pageType)
{
0x0d {$strPageType = "Table Leaf" ; break}
0x05 {$strPageType = "Table Interior"; break}
0x0a {$strPageType = "Index Leaf" ; break}
0x02 {$strPageType = "Index Interior"; break}
}
$attributes = [ordered]@{
"PageType" = $strPageType
"PageNumber" = $pageNumber
"CellsOnPage" = $cellsOnPage
"ContentStart" = $cellContentStart
"Cells" = $cells
}
return New-Object -TypeName psobject -Property $attributes
}
}
# Parses SQLite database file header
# Sep 27th 2022
function Parse-SQLiteHeader
{
[CmdletBinding()]
param(
[Parameter(Mandatory=$true)]
[byte[]]$Data,
[Parameter(Mandatory=$true)]
[ref]$Position
)
Begin
{
$encodings = @(
"UTF-8"
"UTF-16le"
"UTF-16be"
)
}
Process
{
# Ref. https://www.sqlite.org/fileformat.html
$p = $Position.Value
$headerString = [text.encoding]::UTF8.GetString($Data[$p..($p+16-1)]); $p += 16
$dbPageSize = [System.BitConverter]::ToInt16($Data[($p+2-1)..$p],0); $p += 2
if($dbPageSize -eq 1) # The database page size in bytes. Must be a power of two between 512 and 32768 inclusive, or the value 1 representing a page size of 65536.
{
$dbPageSize = 65536
}
$fileWriteVersion = [int]$Data[$p]; $p += 1
$fileReadVersion = [int]$Data[$p]; $p += 1
$reservedSpaceBytes = [int]$Data[$p]; $p += 1
$maxEmbeddedPayloadFraction = [int]$Data[$p]; $p += 1
$minEmbeddedPayloadFraction = [int]$Data[$p]; $p += 1
$leafPayloadFraction = [int]$Data[$p]; $p += 1
$fileChangeCounter = [System.BitConverter]::ToInt32($Data[($p+4-1)..$p],0); $p += 4
$dbSizePages = [System.BitConverter]::ToInt32($Data[($p+4-1)..$p],0); $p += 4
$firstFreelistTrunkPage = [System.BitConverter]::ToInt32($Data[($p+4-1)..$p],0); $p += 4
$freelistPages = [System.BitConverter]::ToInt32($Data[($p+4-1)..$p],0); $p += 4
$schemaCookie = [System.BitConverter]::ToInt32($Data[($p+4-1)..$p],0); $p += 4
$schemaFormatNumber = [System.BitConverter]::ToInt32($Data[($p+4-1)..$p],0); $p += 4
# A value of 1 means UTF-8. A value of 2 means UTF-16le. A value of 3 means UTF-16be.
$defaultPageCacheSize = [System.BitConverter]::ToInt32($Data[($p+4-1)..$p],0); $p += 4
$largestRootBTreePage = [System.BitConverter]::ToInt32($Data[($p+4-1)..$p],0); $p += 4
$dbTextEncoding = [System.BitConverter]::ToInt32($Data[($p+4-1)..$p],0); $p += 4
$userVersion = [System.BitConverter]::ToInt32($Data[($p+4-1)..$p],0); $p += 4
$incrementalVacuumMode = [System.BitConverter]::ToInt32($Data[($p+4-1)..$p],0) -ne 0; $p += 4
$applicationId = [System.BitConverter]::ToInt32($Data[($p+4-1)..$p],0); $p += 4
$reserved = $Data[$p..($p+20-1)]; $p += 20
$versionValidForNumber = [System.BitConverter]::ToInt32($Data[($p+4-1)..$p],0); $p += 4
$versionNumber = [System.BitConverter]::ToInt32($Data[($p+4-1)..$p],0); $p += 4
# Check variables
if($maxEmbeddedPayloadFraction -ne 64)
{
Write-Warning "Maximum embedded payload fraction is $maxEmbeddedPayloadFraction, it MUST be 64"
}
if($minEmbeddedPayloadFraction -ne 32)
{
Write-Warning "Minimum embedded payload fraction is $minEmbeddedPayloadFraction, it MUST be 32"
}
if($schemaFormatNumber -ne 4)
{
Write-Warning "Schema version $schemaFormatNumber not supported, expected version 4"
}
$Position.Value = $p
$attributes = [ordered]@{
"PageSize" = $dbPageSize
"Pages" = $dbSizePages
"Encoding" = $encodings[$dbTextEncoding-1]
"ChangeCounter" = $fileChangeCounter
"FirstFreelistPage" = $freelistPages
"FreelistPages" = $freelistPages
"SchemaFormat" = $schemaFormatNumber
"SchemaCookie" = $schemaCookie
"SQLiteVersion" = $versionNumber
"ReservedSpaceBytes" = $reservedSpaceBytes
}
return New-Object -TypeName PSObject -Property $attributes
}
}