(实现高并发http 服务器)
实现一个http 服务器项目,服务器启动后监听80端口的tcp 连接,当用户通过任意一款浏览器(IE、火狐和腾讯浏览器等)访问我们的http服务器,http服务器会查找用户访问的html页面是否存在,如果存在则通过http 协议响应客户端的请求,把页面返回给浏览器,浏览器显示html页面;如果页面不存在,则按照http 协议的规定,通知浏览器此页面不存在(404 NOT FOUND)
html,全称Hypertext Markup Language,也就是“超文本链接标示语言”。HTML文本是由 HTML命令组成的描述性文本,HTML 命令可以说明文字、 图形、动画、声音、表格、链接等。 即平常上网所看到的的网页。
<html lang=\"zh-CN\">
<head>
<meta content=\"text/html; charset=utf-8\" http-equiv=\"Content-Type\">
<title>This is a test</title>
</head>
<body>
<div align=center height=\"500px\" >
<br/><br/><br/>
<h2>大家好</h2><br/><br/>
<form action="commit" method="post">
尊姓大名: <input type="text" name="name" />
<br/>芳龄几何: <input type="password" name="age" />
<br/><br/><br/><input type="submit" value="提交" />
<input type="reset" value="重置" />
</form>
</div>
</body>
</html>
HTTP协议是Hyper Text Transfer Protocol(超文本传输协议)的缩写,是用于从万维网(WWW:World Wide Web )服务器传输超文本到本地浏览器的传送协议。 请求格式: 客户端请求 客户端发送一个HTTP请求到服务器的请求消息包括以下格式:请求行(request line)、请求头部(header)、空行和请求数据四个部分组成,下图给出了请求报文的一般格式。
服务端响应 服务器响应客户端的HTTP响应也由四个部分组成,分别是:状态行、消息报头、空行和响应正文。
实现按行读取请求头部
//返回值: -1 表示读取出错, 等于0表示读到一个空行, 大于0 表示成功读取一行
int get_line(int sock, char *buf, int size){
int count = 0;
char ch = '\0';
int len = 0;
while( (count<size - 1) && ch!='\n'){
len = read(sock, &ch, 1);
if(len == 1){
if(ch == '\r'){
continue;
}else if(ch == '\n'){
//buf[count] = '\0';
break;
}
//这里处理一般的字符
buf[count] = ch;
count++;
}else if( len == -1 ){//读取出错
perror("read failed");
count = -1;
break;
}else {// read 返回0,客户端关闭sock 连接.
fprintf(stderr, "client close.\n");
count = -1;
break;
}
}
if(count >= 0) buf[count] = '\0';
return count;
}
如果碰到两个连续的回车换行,即,意味着请求头部结束
// 1.读取请求行
void do_http_request(int client_sock)
{
int len = 0;
char buf[256];
char method[64];
char url[256];
char path[256];
/*读取客户端发送的http 请求*/
// 1.读取请求行
len = get_line(client_sock, buf, sizeof(buf));
if (len > 0)
{ //读到了请求行
int i = 0, j = 0;
while (!isspace(buf[j]) && (i < sizeof(method) - 1))
{
method[i] = buf[j];
i++;
j++;
}
method[i] = '\0';
if (debug)
printf("request method: %s\n", method);
if (strncasecmp(method, "GET", i) == 0)
{ //只处理get请求
if (debug)
printf("method = GET\n");
//获取url
while (isspace(buf[j++]))
; //跳过白空格
i = 0;
while (!isspace(buf[j]) && (i < sizeof(url) - 1))
{
url[i] = buf[j];
i++;
j++;
}
url[i] = '\0';
if (debug)
printf("url: %s\n", url);
//继续读取http 头部
do
{
len = get_line(client_sock, buf, sizeof(buf));
if (debug)
printf("read: %s\n", buf);
} while (len > 0);
//***定位服务器本地的html文件***
//处理url 中的?
{
char *pos = strchr(url, '?');
if (pos)
{
*pos = '\0';
printf("real url: %s\n", url);
}
}
sprintf(path, "./html_docs/%s", url);
if (debug)
printf("path: %s\n", path);
//执行http 响应
}
else
{
//非get请求, 读取http 头部,并响应客户端 501 Method Not Implemented
fprintf(stderr, "warning! other request [%s]\n", method);
do
{
len = get_line(client_sock, buf, sizeof(buf));
if (debug)
printf("read: %s\n", buf);
} while (len > 0);
// unimplemented(client_sock); //在响应时再实现
}
}
else
{ //请求格式有问题,出错处理
// bad_request(client_sock); //在响应时再实现
}
}
void do_http_request(int client_sock)
{
int len = 0;
char buf[256];
char method[16];
char url[256];
/*读取客户端发送的http请求*/
// 1.读取请求行
len = get_line(client_sock, buf, sizeof(buf));
if (len > 0)
{
int i, j;
while (!isspace(buf[j]) && (i < sizeof(method) - 1))
{
method[i] = buf[j];
i++;
j++;
}
method[i] = '\0';
//判断方法是否合法
if (strncasecmp(method, "GET", i) == 0)
{ // GET 方法
printf("requst = %s\n", method);
//获取url
while (isspace(buf[++j]))
;
i = -1;
while (!isspace(buf[j]) && (i < sizeof(url) - 1))
{
url[i] = buf[j];
i++;
j++;
}
url[i] = '\0';
printf("url: %s\n", url);
//读取http 头部,不做任何处理
do
{
len = get_line(client_sock, buf, sizeof(buf));
printf("read line: %s\n", buf);
} while (len > 0);
do_http_response(client_sock);
}
else
{
printf("other requst = %s\n", method);
//读取http 头部,不做任何处理
do
{
len = get_line(client_sock, buf, sizeof(buf));
printf("read line: %s\n", buf);
} while (len > 0);
}
}
else
{ //出错的处理
}
}
void do_http_response(int client_sock)
{
const char *main_header = "HTTP/1.0 200 OK\r\nServer: Martin Server\r\nContent-Type: text/html\r\nConnection: Close\r\n";
const char *welcome_content = "\
<html lang=\"zh-CN\">\n\
<head>\n\
<meta content=\"text/html; charset=utf-8\" http-equiv=\"Content-Type\">\n\
<title>This is a test</title>\n\
</head>\n\
<body>\n\
<div align=center height=\"500px\" >\n\
<br/><br/><br/>\n\
<h2>大家好</h2><br/><br/>\n\
<form action=\"commit\" method=\"post\">\n\
尊姓大名: <input type=\"text\" name=\"name\" />\n\
<br/>芳龄几何: <input type=\"password\" name=\"age\" />\n\
<br/><br/><br/><input type=\"submit\" value=\"提交\" />\n\
<input type=\"reset\" value=\"重置\" />\n\
</form>\n\
</div>\n\
</body>\n\
</html>";
char send_buf[64];
int wc_len = strlen(welcome_content);
int len = write(client_sock, main_header, strlen(main_header));
if (debug)
fprintf(stdout, "... do_http_response...\n");
if (debug)
fprintf(stdout, "write[%d]: %s", len, main_header);
len = snprintf(send_buf, 64, "Content-Length: %d\r\n\r\n", wc_len);
len = write(client_sock, send_buf, len);
if (debug)
fprintf(stdout, "write[%d]: %s", len, send_buf);
len = write(client_sock, welcome_content, wc_len);
if (debug)
fprintf(stdout, "write[%d]: %s", len, welcome_content);
}
inode - "索引节点",储存文件的元信息,比如文件的创建者、文件的创建日期、文件的大小等等。每个inode都有一个号码,操作系统用inode号码来识别不同的文件。ls -i 查看inode 号
作用:返回文件的状态信息 #include <sys/types.h> #include <sys/stat.h> #include <unistd.h>
int stat(const char *path, struct stat *buf);
int fstat(int fd, struct stat *buf);
int lstat(const char *path, struct stat *buf);
path: 文件的路径 buf: 传入的保存文件状态的指针,用于保存文件的状态 返回值: 成功返回0,失败返回-1,设置errno
struct stat { dev_t st_dev; /* ID of device containing file / ino_t st_ino; / inode number / mode_t st_mode; / S_ISREG(st_mode) 是一个普通文件 S_ISDIR(st_mode) 是一个目录*/
nlink_t st_nlink; /* number of hard links */
uid_t st_uid; /* user ID of owner */
gid_t st_gid; /* group ID of owner */
dev_t st_rdev; /* device ID (if special file) */
off_t st_size; /* total size, in bytes */
blksize_t st_blksize; /* blocksize for filesystem I/O */
blkcnt_t st_blocks; /* number of 512B blocks allocated */
time_t st_atime; /* time of last access */
time_t st_mtime; /* time of last modification */
time_t st_ctime; /* time of last status change */
};
#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#define SERVER_PORT 80
static int debug = 1;
int get_line(int sock, char *buf, int size);
void do_http_request(int client_sock);
void do_http_response(int client_sock, const char *path);
int headers(int client_sock, FILE *resource);
void cat(int client_sock, FILE *resource);
void not_found(int client_sock);
void inner_error(int client_sock);
int main(void)
{
int sock; //代表信箱
struct sockaddr_in server_addr;
// 1.美女创建信箱
sock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
// 2.清空标签,写上地址和端口号
bzero(&server_addr, sizeof(server_addr));
server_addr.sin_family = AF_INET; //选择协议族IPV4
server_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY); //监听本地所有IP地址
server_addr.sin_port = htons(SERVER_PORT); //绑定端口号
//实现标签贴到收信得信箱上
bind(sock, (struct sockaddr *)&server_addr, sizeof(server_addr));
//把信箱挂置到传达室,这样,就可以接收信件了
listen(sock, 128);
//万事俱备,只等来信
printf("等待客户端的连接\n");
int done = 1;
while (done)
{
struct sockaddr_in client;
int client_sock, len, i;
char client_ip[64];
char buf[256];
socklen_t client_addr_len;
client_addr_len = sizeof(client);
client_sock = accept(sock, (struct sockaddr *)&client, &client_addr_len);
//打印客服端IP地址和端口号
printf("client ip: %s\t port : %d\n",
inet_ntop(AF_INET, &client.sin_addr.s_addr, client_ip, sizeof(client_ip)),
ntohs(client.sin_port));
/*处理http 请求,读取客户端发送的数据*/
do_http_request(client_sock);
close(client_sock);
}
close(sock);
return 0;
}
void do_http_request(int client_sock)
{
int len = 0;
char buf[256];
char method[64];
char url[256];
char path[256];
struct stat st;
/*读取客户端发送的http 请求*/
// 1.读取请求行
len = get_line(client_sock, buf, sizeof(buf));
if (len > 0)
{ //读到了请求行
int i = 0, j = 0;
while (!isspace(buf[j]) && (i < sizeof(method) - 1))
{
method[i] = buf[j];
i++;
j++;
}
method[i] = '\0';
if (debug)
printf("request method: %s\n", method);
if (strncasecmp(method, "GET", i) == 0)
{ //只处理get请求
if (debug)
printf("method = GET\n");
//获取url
while (isspace(buf[j++]))
; //跳过白空格
i = 0;
while (!isspace(buf[j]) && (i < sizeof(url) - 1))
{
url[i] = buf[j];
i++;
j++;
}
url[i] = '\0';
if (debug)
printf("url: %s\n", url);
//继续读取http 头部
do
{
len = get_line(client_sock, buf, sizeof(buf));
if (debug)
printf("read: %s\n", buf);
} while (len > 0);
//***定位服务器本地的html文件***
//处理url 中的?
{
char *pos = strchr(url, '?');
if (pos)
{
*pos = '\0';
printf("real url: %s\n", url);
}
}
sprintf(path, "./html_docs/%s", url);
if (debug)
printf("path: %s\n", path);
//执行http 响应
//判断文件是否存在,如果存在就响应200 OK,同时发送相应的html 文件,如果不存在,就响应 404 NOT FOUND.
if (stat(path, &st) == -1)
{ //文件不存在或是出错
fprintf(stderr, "stat %s failed. reason: %s\n", path, strerror(errno));
not_found(client_sock);
}
else
{ //文件存在
if (S_ISDIR(st.st_mode))
{
strcat(path, "/index.html");
}
do_http_response(client_sock, path);
}
}
else
{ //非get请求, 读取http 头部,并响应客户端 501 Method Not Implemented
fprintf(stderr, "warning! other request [%s]\n", method);
do
{
len = get_line(client_sock, buf, sizeof(buf));
if (debug)
printf("read: %s\n", buf);
} while (len > 0);
// unimplemented(client_sock); //在响应时再实现
}
}
else
{ //请求格式有问题,出错处理
// bad_request(client_sock); //在响应时再实现
}
}
void do_http_response(int client_sock, const char *path)
{
int ret = 0;
FILE *resource = NULL;
resource = fopen(path, "r");
if (resource == NULL)
{
not_found(client_sock);
return;
}
// 1.发送http 头部
ret = headers(client_sock, resource);
// 2.发送http body .
if (!ret)
{
cat(client_sock, resource);
}
fclose(resource);
}
/****************************
*返回关于响应文件信息的http 头部
*输入:
* client_sock - 客服端socket 句柄
* resource - 文件的句柄
*返回值: 成功返回0 ,失败返回-1
******************************/
int headers(int client_sock, FILE *resource)
{
struct stat st;
int fileid = 0;
char tmp[64];
char buf[1024] = {0};
strcpy(buf, "HTTP/1.0 200 OK\r\n");
strcat(buf, "Server: Martin Server\r\n");
strcat(buf, "Content-Type: text/html\r\n");
strcat(buf, "Connection: Close\r\n");
fileid = fileno(resource);
if (fstat(fileid, &st) == -1)
{
inner_error(client_sock);
return -1;
}
snprintf(tmp, 64, "Content-Length: %ld\r\n\r\n", st.st_size);
strcat(buf, tmp);
if (debug)
fprintf(stdout, "header: %s\n", buf);
if (send(client_sock, buf, strlen(buf), 0) < 0)
{
fprintf(stderr, "send failed. data: %s, reason: %s\n", buf, strerror(errno));
return -1;
}
return 0;
}
/****************************
*说明:实现将html文件的内容按行
读取并送给客户端
****************************/
void cat(int client_sock, FILE *resource)
{
char buf[1024];
fgets(buf, sizeof(buf), resource);
while (!feof(resource))
{
int len = write(client_sock, buf, strlen(buf));
if (len < 0)
{ //发送body 的过程中出现问题,怎么办?1.重试? 2.
fprintf(stderr, "send body error. reason: %s\n", strerror(errno));
break;
}
if (debug)
fprintf(stdout, "%s", buf);
fgets(buf, sizeof(buf), resource);
}
}
void do_http_response1(int client_sock)
{
const char *main_header = "HTTP/1.0 200 OK\r\nServer: Martin Server\r\nContent-Type: text/html\r\nConnection: Close\r\n";
const char *welcome_content = "\
<html lang=\"zh-CN\">\n\
<head>\n\
<meta content=\"text/html; charset=utf-8\" http-equiv=\"Content-Type\">\n\
<title>This is a test</title>\n\
</head>\n\
<body>\n\
<div align=center height=\"500px\" >\n\
<br/><br/><br/>\n\
<h2>大家好</h2><br/><br/>\n\
<form action=\"commit\" method=\"post\">\n\
尊姓大名: <input type=\"text\" name=\"name\" />\n\
<br/>芳龄几何: <input type=\"password\" name=\"age\" />\n\
<br/><br/><br/><input type=\"submit\" value=\"提交\" />\n\
<input type=\"reset\" value=\"重置\" />\n\
</form>\n\
</div>\n\
</body>\n\
</html>";
// 1. 发送main_header
int len = write(client_sock, main_header, strlen(main_header));
if (debug)
fprintf(stdout, "... do_http_response...\n");
if (debug)
fprintf(stdout, "write[%d]: %s", len, main_header);
// 2. 生成Content-Length
char send_buf[64];
int wc_len = strlen(welcome_content);
len = snprintf(send_buf, 64, "Content-Length: %d\r\n\r\n", wc_len);
len = write(client_sock, send_buf, len);
if (debug)
fprintf(stdout, "write[%d]: %s", len, send_buf);
len = write(client_sock, welcome_content, wc_len);
if (debug)
fprintf(stdout, "write[%d]: %s", len, welcome_content);
}
//返回值: -1 表示读取出错, 等于0表示读到一个空行, 大于0 表示成功读取一行
int get_line(int sock, char *buf, int size)
{
int count = 0;
char ch = '\0';
int len = 0;
while ((count < size - 1) && ch != '\n')
{
len = read(sock, &ch, 1);
if (len == 1)
{
if (ch == '\r')
{
continue;
}
else if (ch == '\n')
{
// buf[count] = '\0';
break;
}
//这里处理一般的字符
buf[count] = ch;
count++;
}
else if (len == -1)
{ //读取出错
perror("read failed");
count = -1;
break;
}
else
{ // read 返回0,客户端关闭sock 连接.
fprintf(stderr, "client close.\n");
count = -1;
break;
}
}
if (count >= 0)
buf[count] = '\0';
return count;
}
void not_found(int client_sock)
{
const char *reply = "HTTP/1.0 404 NOT FOUND\r\n\
Content-Type: text/html\r\n\
\r\n\
<HTML lang=\"zh-CN\">\r\n\
<meta content=\"text/html; charset=utf-8\" http-equiv=\"Content-Type\">\r\n\
<HEAD>\r\n\
<TITLE>NOT FOUND</TITLE>\r\n\
</HEAD>\r\n\
<BODY>\r\n\
<P>文件不存在!\r\n\
<P>The server could not fulfill your request because the resource specified is unavailable or nonexistent.\r\n\
</BODY>\r\n\
</HTML>";
int len = write(client_sock, reply, strlen(reply));
if (debug)
fprintf(stdout, reply);
if (len <= 0)
{
fprintf(stderr, "send reply failed. reason: %s\n", strerror(errno));
}
}
void inner_error(int client_sock)
{
const char *reply = "HTTP/1.0 500 Internal Sever Error\r\n\
Content-Type: text/html\r\n\
\r\n\
<HTML lang=\"zh-CN\">\r\n\
<meta content=\"text/html; charset=utf-8\" http-equiv=\"Content-Type\">\r\n\
<HEAD>\r\n\
<TITLE>Inner Error</TITLE>\r\n\
</HEAD>\r\n\
<BODY>\r\n\
<P>服务器内部出错.\r\n\
</BODY>\r\n\
</HTML>";
int len = write(client_sock, reply, strlen(reply));
if (debug)
fprintf(stdout, reply);
if (len <= 0)
{
fprintf(stderr, "send reply failed. reason: %s\n", strerror(errno));
}
}
通俗的并发通常是指同时能并行的处理多个任务。
同时拥有两个或者多个线程,如果程序在单核处理器上运行,多个线程将交替的换入或者换出内存,这些线程是同时“存在”的。 每个线程都处于执行过程中的某个状态,如果运行在多核处理器上,此时,程序中的每个线程都将分配到一个处理器核上,因此可以同时运行。
高并发是互联网分布式系统架构设计中必须考虑的因素之一,它通常是指,通过设计保证系统能够 同时并行处理 很多请求
创建一个新线程,并行的执行任务。 #include <pthread.h> int pthread_create(pthread_t *thread, const pthread_attr_t *attr, void *(*start_routine) (void *), void *arg); 返回值:成功:0; 失败:错误号。 参数: pthread_t:当前Linux中可理解为:typedef unsigned long int pthread_t; 参数1:传出参数,保存系统为我们分配好的线程ID 参数2:通常传NULL,表示使用线程默认属性。若想使用具体属性也可以修改该参数。 参数3:函数指针,指向线程主函数(线程体),该函数运行结束,则线程结束。 参数4:线程主函数执行期间所使用的参数。 在一个线程中调用pthread_create()创建新的线程后,当前线程从pthread_create()返回继续往下执行,而新的线程所执行的代码由我们传给pthread_create的函数指针start_routine决定。start_routine函数接收一个参数,是通过pthread_create的arg参数传递给它的,该参数的类型为void *,这个指针按什么类型解释由调用者自己定义。start_routine的返回值类型也是void *,这个指针的含义同样由调用者自己定义。start_routine返回时,这个线程就退出了,其它线程可以调用pthread_join得到start_routine的返回值,以后再详细介绍pthread_join。 pthread_create成功返回后,新创建的线程的id被填写到thread参数所指向的内存单元。 attr参数表示线程属性,本节不深入讨论线程属性,所有代码例子都传NULL给attr参数,表示线程属性取缺省值。
#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <errno.h>
#define SERVER_PORT 666
void *thread_handleRequest(void *arg);
int main(void)
{
int sock; //代表信箱
struct sockaddr_in server_addr;
// 1.美女创建信箱
sock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
// 2.清空标签,写上地址和端口号
bzero(&server_addr, sizeof(server_addr));
server_addr.sin_family = AF_INET; //选择协议族IPV4
server_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY); //监听本地所有IP地址
server_addr.sin_port = htons(SERVER_PORT); //绑定端口号
//实现标签贴到收信得信箱上
bind(sock, (struct sockaddr *)&server_addr, sizeof(server_addr));
//把信箱挂置到传达室,这样,就可以接收信件了
listen(sock, 128);
//万事俱备,只等来信
printf("等待客户端的连接\n");
int done = 1;
while (done)
{
struct sockaddr_in client;
int client_sock, len;
char client_ip[64];
// char buf[256];
// int i=0;
socklen_t client_addr_len;
client_addr_len = sizeof(client);
client_sock = accept(sock, (struct sockaddr *)&client, &client_addr_len);
//打印客服端IP地址和端口号
printf("client ip: %s\t port : %d\n",
inet_ntop(AF_INET, &client.sin_addr.s_addr, client_ip, sizeof(client_ip)),
ntohs(client.sin_port));
//启动线程,完成和和客户端的交互
{
pthread_t tid;
int *ptr_int = NULL;
int err = 0;
ptr_int = (int *)malloc(sizeof(int));
*ptr_int = client_sock;
if (err = pthread_create(&tid, NULL, thread_handleRequest, (void *)ptr_int))
{
fprintf(stderr, "Can't create thread, reason: %s\n", strerror(errno));
if (ptr_int)
free(ptr_int);
}
}
/*读取客户端发送的数据*/
/*len = read(client_sock, buf, sizeof(buf)-1);
buf[len] = '\0';
printf("receive[%d]: %s\n", len, buf);
//转换成大写
for(i=0; i<len; i++){
//if(buf[i]>='a' && buf[i]<='z'){
// buf[i] = buf[i] - 32;
//}
buf[i] = toupper(buf[i]);
}
len = write(client_sock, buf, len);
printf("finished. len: %d\n", len);
close(client_sock);
*/
}
close(sock);
return 0;
}
void *thread_handleRequest(void *arg)
{
int client_sock = *(int *)arg;
char buf[256];
int i = 0;
int len = read(client_sock, buf, sizeof(buf) - 1);
buf[len] = '\0';
printf("receive[%d]: %s\n", len, buf);
//转换成大写
for (i = 0; i < len; i++)
{
// if(buf[i]>='a' && buf[i]<='z'){
// buf[i] = buf[i] - 32;
// }
buf[i] = toupper(buf[i]);
}
len = write(client_sock, buf, len);
printf("finished. len: %d\n", len);
close(client_sock);
if (arg)
free(arg);
}
#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#define SERVER_PORT 80
static int debug = 1;
int get_line(int sock, char *buf, int size);
void *do_http_request(void *client_sock);
void do_http_response(int client_sock, const char *path);
int headers(int client_sock, FILE *resource);
void cat(int client_sock, FILE *resource);
void not_found(int client_sock); // 404
void unimplemented(int client_sock); // 500
void bad_request(int client_sock); // 400
void inner_error(int client_sock);
int main(void)
{
int sock; //代表信箱
struct sockaddr_in server_addr;
// 1.美女创建信箱
sock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
// 2.清空标签,写上地址和端口号
bzero(&server_addr, sizeof(server_addr));
server_addr.sin_family = AF_INET; //选择协议族IPV4
server_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY); //监听本地所有IP地址
server_addr.sin_port = htons(SERVER_PORT); //绑定端口号
//实现标签贴到收信得信箱上
bind(sock, (struct sockaddr *)&server_addr, sizeof(server_addr));
//把信箱挂置到传达室,这样,就可以接收信件了
listen(sock, 128);
//万事俱备,只等来信
printf("等待客户端的连接\n");
int done = 1;
while (done)
{
struct sockaddr_in client;
int client_sock, len, i;
char client_ip[64];
char buf[256];
pthread_t id;
int *pclient_sock = NULL;
socklen_t client_addr_len;
client_addr_len = sizeof(client);
client_sock = accept(sock, (struct sockaddr *)&client, &client_addr_len);
//打印客服端IP地址和端口号
printf("client ip: %s\t port : %d\n",
inet_ntop(AF_INET, &client.sin_addr.s_addr, client_ip, sizeof(client_ip)),
ntohs(client.sin_port));
/*处理http 请求,读取客户端发送的数据*/
// do_http_request(client_sock);
//启动线程处理http 请求
pclient_sock = (int *)malloc(sizeof(int));
*pclient_sock = client_sock;
pthread_create(&id, NULL, do_http_request, (void *)pclient_sock);
// close(client_sock);
}
close(sock);
return 0;
}
void *do_http_request(void *pclient_sock)
{
int len = 0;
char buf[256];
char method[64];
char url[256];
char path[256];
int client_sock = *(int *)pclient_sock;
struct stat st;
/*读取客户端发送的http 请求*/
// 1.读取请求行
len = get_line(client_sock, buf, sizeof(buf));
if (len > 0)
{ //读到了请求行
int i = 0, j = 0;
while (!isspace(buf[j]) && (i < sizeof(method) - 1))
{
method[i] = buf[j];
i++;
j++;
}
method[i] = '\0';
if (debug)
printf("request method: %s\n", method);
if (strncasecmp(method, "GET", i) == 0)
{ //只处理get请求
if (debug)
printf("method = GET\n");
//获取url
while (isspace(buf[j++]))
; //跳过白空格
i = 0;
while (!isspace(buf[j]) && (i < sizeof(url) - 1))
{
url[i] = buf[j];
i++;
j++;
}
url[i] = '\0';
if (debug)
printf("url: %s\n", url);
//继续读取http 头部
do
{
len = get_line(client_sock, buf, sizeof(buf));
if (debug)
printf("read: %s\n", buf);
} while (len > 0);
//***定位服务器本地的html文件***
//处理url 中的?
{
char *pos = strchr(url, '?');
if (pos)
{
*pos = '\0';
printf("real url: %s\n", url);
}
}
sprintf(path, "./html_docs/%s", url);
if (debug)
printf("path: %s\n", path);
//执行http 响应
//判断文件是否存在,如果存在就响应200 OK,同时发送相应的html 文件,如果不存在,就响应 404 NOT FOUND.
if (stat(path, &st) == -1)
{ //文件不存在或是出错
fprintf(stderr, "stat %s failed. reason: %s\n", path, strerror(errno));
not_found(client_sock);
}
else
{ //文件存在
if (S_ISDIR(st.st_mode))
{
strcat(path, "/index.html");
}
do_http_response(client_sock, path);
}
}
else
{ //非get请求, 读取http 头部,并响应客户端 501 Method Not Implemented
fprintf(stderr, "warning! other request [%s]\n", method);
do
{
len = get_line(client_sock, buf, sizeof(buf));
if (debug)
printf("read: %s\n", buf);
} while (len > 0);
unimplemented(client_sock); //请求未实现
}
}
else
{ //请求格式有问题,出错处理
bad_request(client_sock); //在响应时再实现
}
close(client_sock);
if (pclient_sock)
free(pclient_sock); //释放动态分配的内存
return NULL;
}
void do_http_response(int client_sock, const char *path)
{
int ret = 0;
FILE *resource = NULL;
resource = fopen(path, "r");
if (resource == NULL)
{
not_found(client_sock);
return;
}
// 1.发送http 头部
ret = headers(client_sock, resource);
// 2.发送http body .
if (!ret)
{
cat(client_sock, resource);
}
fclose(resource);
}
/****************************
*返回关于响应文件信息的http 头部
*输入:
* client_sock - 客服端socket 句柄
* resource - 文件的句柄
*返回值: 成功返回0 ,失败返回-1
******************************/
int headers(int client_sock, FILE *resource)
{
struct stat st;
int fileid = 0;
char tmp[64];
char buf[1024] = {0};
strcpy(buf, "HTTP/1.0 200 OK\r\n");
strcat(buf, "Server: Martin Server\r\n");
strcat(buf, "Content-Type: text/html\r\n");
strcat(buf, "Connection: Close\r\n");
fileid = fileno(resource);
if (fstat(fileid, &st) == -1)
{
inner_error(client_sock);
return -1;
}
snprintf(tmp, 64, "Content-Length: %ld\r\n\r\n", st.st_size);
strcat(buf, tmp);
if (debug)
fprintf(stdout, "header: %s\n", buf);
if (send(client_sock, buf, strlen(buf), 0) < 0)
{
fprintf(stderr, "send failed. data: %s, reason: %s\n", buf, strerror(errno));
return -1;
}
return 0;
}
/****************************
*说明:实现将html文件的内容按行
读取并送给客户端
****************************/
void cat(int client_sock, FILE *resource)
{
char buf[1024];
fgets(buf, sizeof(buf), resource);
while (!feof(resource))
{
int len = write(client_sock, buf, strlen(buf));
if (len < 0)
{ //发送body 的过程中出现问题,怎么办?1.重试? 2.
fprintf(stderr, "send body error. reason: %s\n", strerror(errno));
break;
}
if (debug)
fprintf(stdout, "%s", buf);
fgets(buf, sizeof(buf), resource);
}
}
void do_http_response1(int client_sock)
{
const char *main_header = "HTTP/1.0 200 OK\r\nServer: Martin Server\r\nContent-Type: text/html\r\nConnection: Close\r\n";
const char *welcome_content = "\
<html lang=\"zh-CN\">\n\
<head>\n\
<meta content=\"text/html; charset=utf-8\" http-equiv=\"Content-Type\">\n\
<title>This is a test</title>\n\
</head>\n\
<body>\n\
<div align=center height=\"500px\" >\n\
<br/><br/><br/>\n\
<h2>大家好</h2><br/><br/>\n\
<form action=\"commit\" method=\"post\">\n\
尊姓大名: <input type=\"text\" name=\"name\" />\n\
<br/>芳龄几何: <input type=\"password\" name=\"age\" />\n\
<br/><br/><br/><input type=\"submit\" value=\"提交\" />\n\
<input type=\"reset\" value=\"重置\" />\n\
</form>\n\
</div>\n\
</body>\n\
</html>";
// 1. 发送main_header
int len = write(client_sock, main_header, strlen(main_header));
if (debug)
fprintf(stdout, "... do_http_response...\n");
if (debug)
fprintf(stdout, "write[%d]: %s", len, main_header);
// 2. 生成Content-Length
char send_buf[64];
int wc_len = strlen(welcome_content);
len = snprintf(send_buf, 64, "Content-Length: %d\r\n\r\n", wc_len);
len = write(client_sock, send_buf, len);
if (debug)
fprintf(stdout, "write[%d]: %s", len, send_buf);
len = write(client_sock, welcome_content, wc_len);
if (debug)
fprintf(stdout, "write[%d]: %s", len, welcome_content);
}
//返回值: -1 表示读取出错, 等于0表示读到一个空行, 大于0 表示成功读取一行
int get_line(int sock, char *buf, int size)
{
int count = 0;
char ch = '\0';
int len = 0;
while ((count < size - 1) && ch != '\n')
{
len = read(sock, &ch, 1);
if (len == 1)
{
if (ch == '\r')
{
continue;
}
else if (ch == '\n')
{
// buf[count] = '\0';
break;
}
//这里处理一般的字符
buf[count] = ch;
count++;
}
else if (len == -1)
{ //读取出错
perror("read failed");
count = -1;
break;
}
else
{ // read 返回0,客户端关闭sock 连接.
fprintf(stderr, "client close.\n");
count = -1;
break;
}
}
if (count >= 0)
buf[count] = '\0';
return count;
}
void not_found(int client_sock)
{
const char *reply = "HTTP/1.0 404 NOT FOUND\r\n\
Content-Type: text/html\r\n\
\r\n\
<HTML lang=\"zh-CN\">\r\n\
<meta content=\"text/html; charset=utf-8\" http-equiv=\"Content-Type\">\r\n\
<HEAD>\r\n\
<TITLE>NOT FOUND</TITLE>\r\n\
</HEAD>\r\n\
<BODY>\r\n\
<P>文件不存在!\r\n\
<P>The server could not fulfill your request because the resource specified is unavailable or nonexistent.\r\n\
</BODY>\r\n\
</HTML>";
int len = write(client_sock, reply, strlen(reply));
if (debug)
fprintf(stdout, reply);
if (len <= 0)
{
fprintf(stderr, "send reply failed. reason: %s\n", strerror(errno));
}
}
void unimplemented(int client_sock)
{
const char *reply = "HTTP/1.0 501 Method Not Implemented\r\n\
Content-Type: text/html\r\n\
\r\n\
<HTML>\r\n\
<HEAD>\r\n\
<TITLE>Method Not Implemented</TITLE>\r\n\
</HEAD>\r\n\
<BODY>\r\n\
<P>HTTP request method not supported.\r\n\
</BODY>\r\n\
</HTML>";
int len = write(client_sock, reply, strlen(reply));
if (debug)
fprintf(stdout, reply);
if (len <= 0)
{
fprintf(stderr, "send reply failed. reason: %s\n", strerror(errno));
}
}
void bad_request(client_sock)
{
const char *reply = "HTTP/1.0 400 BAD REQUEST\r\n\
Content-Type: text/html\r\n\
\r\n\
<HTML>\r\n\
<HEAD>\r\n\
<TITLE>BAD REQUEST</TITLE>\r\n\
</HEAD>\r\n\
<BODY>\r\n\
<P>Your browser sent a bad request!\r\n\
</BODY>\r\n\
</HTML>";
int len = write(client_sock, reply, strlen(reply));
if (len <= 0)
{
fprintf(stderr, "send reply failed. reason: %s\n", strerror(errno));
}
}
void inner_error(int client_sock)
{
const char *reply = "HTTP/1.0 500 Internal Sever Error\r\n\
Content-Type: text/html\r\n\
\r\n\
<HTML lang=\"zh-CN\">\r\n\
<meta content=\"text/html; charset=utf-8\" http-equiv=\"Content-Type\">\r\n\
<HEAD>\r\n\
<TITLE>Inner Error</TITLE>\r\n\
</HEAD>\r\n\
<BODY>\r\n\
<P>服务器内部出错.\r\n\
</BODY>\r\n\
</HTML>";
int len = write(client_sock, reply, strlen(reply));
if (debug)
fprintf(stdout, reply);
if (len <= 0)
{
fprintf(stderr, "send reply failed. reason: %s\n", strerror(errno));
}
}
原文作者:我也要当昏君