diff --git a/e2e/cases/rsdoctor/index.test.ts b/e2e/cases/rsdoctor/index.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1a1eddfebd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/e2e/cases/rsdoctor/index.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+import path from 'node:path';
+import { expect } from '@playwright/test';
+import { build, proxyConsole, rspackOnlyTest } from '@e2e/helper';
+import { fse } from '@rsbuild/shared';
+
+const packagePath = path.join(
+  __dirname,
+  'node_modules/@rsdoctor/rspack-plugin',
+);
+const testFile = path.join(packagePath, 'test.txt');
+
+rspackOnlyTest(
+  'should register Rsdoctor plugin when process.env.RSDOCTOR is true',
+  async () => {
+    fse.removeSync(packagePath);
+    fse.copySync(path.join(__dirname, 'mock'), packagePath);
+
+    const { logs, restore } = proxyConsole();
+    process.env.RSDOCTOR = 'true';
+
+    await build({
+      cwd: __dirname,
+    });
+
+    expect(fse.existsSync(testFile)).toBe(true);
+    expect(
+      logs.some((log) => log.includes('@rsdoctor') && log.includes('enabled')),
+    ).toBe(true);
+
+    process.env.RSDOCTOR = '';
+    restore();
+  },
+);
+
+rspackOnlyTest(
+  'should not register Rsdoctor plugin when process.env.RSDOCTOR is false',
+  async () => {
+    fse.removeSync(packagePath);
+    fse.copySync(path.join(__dirname, 'mock'), packagePath);
+
+    process.env.RSDOCTOR = 'false';
+
+    await build({
+      cwd: __dirname,
+    });
+
+    expect(fse.existsSync(testFile)).toBe(false);
+    process.env.RSDOCTOR = '';
+  },
+);
diff --git a/e2e/cases/rsdoctor/mock/index.cjs b/e2e/cases/rsdoctor/mock/index.cjs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5bedd9b63f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/e2e/cases/rsdoctor/mock/index.cjs
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+const path = require('node:path');
+const { fse } = require('@rsbuild/shared');
+
+class RsdoctorRspackPlugin {
+  name = 'RsdoctorRspackPlugin';
+
+  apply(compiler) {
+    compiler.hooks.done.tap('rsdoctor:test', () => {
+      fse.outputFileSync(path.join(__dirname, './test.txt'), 'test');
+    });
+  }
+}
+
+module.exports.RsdoctorRspackPlugin = RsdoctorRspackPlugin;
diff --git a/e2e/cases/rsdoctor/mock/package.json b/e2e/cases/rsdoctor/mock/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7cfbd98262
--- /dev/null
+++ b/e2e/cases/rsdoctor/mock/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+{
+  "name": "@rsdoctor/rspack-plugin",
+  "private": true,
+  "version": "1.0.0",
+  "main": "index.cjs"
+}
diff --git a/e2e/cases/rsdoctor/src/index.js b/e2e/cases/rsdoctor/src/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8b1a393741
--- /dev/null
+++ b/e2e/cases/rsdoctor/src/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+// empty
diff --git a/pnpm-lock.yaml b/pnpm-lock.yaml
index 584f15e2c3..8819da5749 100644
--- a/pnpm-lock.yaml
+++ b/pnpm-lock.yaml
@@ -225,6 +225,8 @@ importers:
         specifier: ^15
         version: 15.7.9
 
+  e2e/cases/rsdoctor/mock: {}
+
   e2e/cases/server/custom-server:
     dependencies:
       polka: