diff --git a/Include/cpython/pystate.h b/Include/cpython/pystate.h
index cc3c3eae941933..7722a384cbfa01 100644
--- a/Include/cpython/pystate.h
+++ b/Include/cpython/pystate.h
@@ -95,8 +95,10 @@ struct _ts {
     /* Was this thread state statically allocated? */
     int _static;
 
-    int recursion_remaining;
-    int recursion_limit;
+    int py_recursion_remaining;
+    int py_recursion_limit;
+
+    int c_recursion_remaining;
     int recursion_headroom; /* Allow 50 more calls to handle any errors. */
 
     /* 'tracing' keeps track of the execution depth when tracing/profiling.
@@ -202,6 +204,16 @@ struct _ts {
     _PyCFrame root_cframe;
 };
 
+/* WASI has limited call stack. Python's recursion limit depends on code
+   layout, optimization, and WASI runtime. Wasmtime can handle about 700
+   recursions, sometimes less. 500 is a more conservative limit. */
+#ifndef C_RECURSION_LIMIT
+#  ifdef __wasi__
+#    define C_RECURSION_LIMIT 500
+#  else
+#    define C_RECURSION_LIMIT 800
+#  endif
+#endif
 
 /* other API */
 
diff --git a/Include/internal/pycore_ceval.h b/Include/internal/pycore_ceval.h
index 4914948c6ca744..deda070a6dea79 100644
--- a/Include/internal/pycore_ceval.h
+++ b/Include/internal/pycore_ceval.h
@@ -12,15 +12,8 @@ extern "C" {
 struct pyruntimestate;
 struct _ceval_runtime_state;
 
-/* WASI has limited call stack. Python's recursion limit depends on code
-   layout, optimization, and WASI runtime. Wasmtime can handle about 700-750
-   recursions, sometimes less. 600 is a more conservative limit. */
 #ifndef Py_DEFAULT_RECURSION_LIMIT
-#  ifdef __wasi__
-#    define Py_DEFAULT_RECURSION_LIMIT 600
-#  else
-#    define Py_DEFAULT_RECURSION_LIMIT 1000
-#  endif
+#  define Py_DEFAULT_RECURSION_LIMIT 1000
 #endif
 
 #include "pycore_interp.h"        // PyInterpreterState.eval_frame
@@ -118,12 +111,12 @@ extern void _PyEval_DeactivateOpCache(void);
 /* With USE_STACKCHECK macro defined, trigger stack checks in
    _Py_CheckRecursiveCall() on every 64th call to _Py_EnterRecursiveCall. */
 static inline int _Py_MakeRecCheck(PyThreadState *tstate)  {
-    return (tstate->recursion_remaining-- <= 0
-            || (tstate->recursion_remaining & 63) == 0);
+    return (tstate->c_recursion_remaining-- <= 0
+            || (tstate->c_recursion_remaining & 63) == 0);
 }
 #else
 static inline int _Py_MakeRecCheck(PyThreadState *tstate) {
-    return tstate->recursion_remaining-- <= 0;
+    return tstate->c_recursion_remaining-- <= 0;
 }
 #endif
 
@@ -131,6 +124,9 @@ PyAPI_FUNC(int) _Py_CheckRecursiveCall(
     PyThreadState *tstate,
     const char *where);
 
+int _Py_CheckRecursiveCallPy(
+    PyThreadState *tstate);
+
 static inline int _Py_EnterRecursiveCallTstate(PyThreadState *tstate,
                                                const char *where) {
     return (_Py_MakeRecCheck(tstate) && _Py_CheckRecursiveCall(tstate, where));
@@ -142,7 +138,7 @@ static inline int _Py_EnterRecursiveCall(const char *where) {
 }
 
 static inline void _Py_LeaveRecursiveCallTstate(PyThreadState *tstate)  {
-    tstate->recursion_remaining++;
+    tstate->c_recursion_remaining++;
 }
 
 static inline void _Py_LeaveRecursiveCall(void)  {
@@ -157,6 +153,7 @@ extern PyObject* _Py_MakeCoro(PyFunctionObject *func);
 extern int _Py_HandlePending(PyThreadState *tstate);
 
 
+
 #ifdef __cplusplus
 }
 #endif
diff --git a/Include/internal/pycore_runtime_init.h b/Include/internal/pycore_runtime_init.h
index 621d5cc864255d..8dd7a3128c6665 100644
--- a/Include/internal/pycore_runtime_init.h
+++ b/Include/internal/pycore_runtime_init.h
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ extern "C" {
 #define _PyThreadState_INIT \
     { \
         ._static = 1, \
-        .recursion_limit = Py_DEFAULT_RECURSION_LIMIT, \
+        .py_recursion_limit = Py_DEFAULT_RECURSION_LIMIT, \
         .context_ver = 1, \
     }
 
diff --git a/Lib/test/support/__init__.py b/Lib/test/support/__init__.py
index 573dce52ca474a..9fdad641232c4f 100644
--- a/Lib/test/support/__init__.py
+++ b/Lib/test/support/__init__.py
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@
     "run_with_tz", "PGO", "missing_compiler_executable",
     "ALWAYS_EQ", "NEVER_EQ", "LARGEST", "SMALLEST",
     "LOOPBACK_TIMEOUT", "INTERNET_TIMEOUT", "SHORT_TIMEOUT", "LONG_TIMEOUT",
-    "Py_DEBUG",
+    "Py_DEBUG", "EXCEEDS_RECURSION_LIMIT",
     ]
 
 
@@ -2352,3 +2352,6 @@ def adjust_int_max_str_digits(max_digits):
         yield
     finally:
         sys.set_int_max_str_digits(current)
+
+#For recursion tests, easily exceeds default recursion limit
+EXCEEDS_RECURSION_LIMIT = 5000
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_ast.py b/Lib/test/test_ast.py
index 9a7df28e22c4b9..b34644118d2815 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_ast.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_ast.py
@@ -825,9 +825,9 @@ def next(self):
 
     @support.cpython_only
     def test_ast_recursion_limit(self):
-        fail_depth = sys.getrecursionlimit() * 3
-        crash_depth = sys.getrecursionlimit() * 300
-        success_depth = int(fail_depth * 0.75)
+        fail_depth = support.EXCEEDS_RECURSION_LIMIT
+        crash_depth = 100_000
+        success_depth = 1200
 
         def check_limit(prefix, repeated):
             expect_ok = prefix + repeated * success_depth
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_call.py b/Lib/test/test_call.py
index c1a386228ff0d0..1f3307f822a5fc 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_call.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_call.py
@@ -864,6 +864,44 @@ def test_multiple_values(self):
         with self.check_raises_type_error(msg):
             A().method_two_args("x", "y", x="oops")
 
+@cpython_only
+class TestRecursion(unittest.TestCase):
+
+    def test_super_deep(self):
+
+        def recurse(n):
+            if n:
+                recurse(n-1)
+
+        def py_recurse(n, m):
+            if n:
+                py_recurse(n-1, m)
+            else:
+                c_py_recurse(m-1)
+
+        def c_recurse(n):
+            if n:
+                _testcapi.pyobject_fastcall(c_recurse, (n-1,))
+
+        def c_py_recurse(m):
+            if m:
+                _testcapi.pyobject_fastcall(py_recurse, (1000, m))
+
+        depth = sys.getrecursionlimit()
+        sys.setrecursionlimit(100_000)
+        try:
+            recurse(90_000)
+            with self.assertRaises(RecursionError):
+                recurse(101_000)
+            c_recurse(100)
+            with self.assertRaises(RecursionError):
+                c_recurse(90_000)
+            c_py_recurse(90)
+            with self.assertRaises(RecursionError):
+                c_py_recurse(100_000)
+        finally:
+            sys.setrecursionlimit(depth)
+
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
     unittest.main()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_collections.py b/Lib/test/test_collections.py
index 59b3f2ec7bfcb6..1e398d6c3c7a3f 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_collections.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_collections.py
@@ -545,7 +545,7 @@ def test_odd_sizes(self):
         self.assertEqual(Dot(1)._replace(d=999), (999,))
         self.assertEqual(Dot(1)._fields, ('d',))
 
-        n = 5000
+        n = support.EXCEEDS_RECURSION_LIMIT
         names = list(set(''.join([choice(string.ascii_letters)
                                   for j in range(10)]) for i in range(n)))
         n = len(names)
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_compile.py b/Lib/test/test_compile.py
index 7c55c7148aec60..21dcc1a719cc25 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_compile.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_compile.py
@@ -111,8 +111,7 @@ def __getitem__(self, key):
 
     @unittest.skipIf(support.is_wasi, "exhausts limited stack on WASI")
     def test_extended_arg(self):
-        # default: 1000 * 2.5 = 2500 repetitions
-        repeat = int(sys.getrecursionlimit() * 2.5)
+        repeat = 2000
         longexpr = 'x = x or ' + '-x' * repeat
         g = {}
         code = '''
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_dynamic.py b/Lib/test/test_dynamic.py
index 25544dea14df3a..7e12d428e0fde2 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_dynamic.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_dynamic.py
@@ -140,11 +140,11 @@ class MyGlobals(dict):
             def __missing__(self, key):
                 return int(key.removeprefix("_number_"))
 
-        # 1,000 on most systems
-        limit = sys.getrecursionlimit()
-        code = "lambda: " + "+".join(f"_number_{i}" for i in range(limit))
+        # Need more than 256 variables to use EXTENDED_ARGS
+        variables = 400
+        code = "lambda: " + "+".join(f"_number_{i}" for i in range(variables))
         sum_func = eval(code, MyGlobals())
-        expected = sum(range(limit))
+        expected = sum(range(variables))
         # Warm up the the function for quickening (PEP 659)
         for _ in range(30):
             self.assertEqual(sum_func(), expected)
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_exceptions.py b/Lib/test/test_exceptions.py
index 03a0f8b576f6fc..65a3a8a48a8809 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_exceptions.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_exceptions.py
@@ -1372,6 +1372,7 @@ def test_recursion_normalizing_exception(self):
         code = """if 1:
             import sys
             from _testinternalcapi import get_recursion_depth
+            from test import support
 
             class MyException(Exception): pass
 
@@ -1399,13 +1400,8 @@ def gen():
             generator = gen()
             next(generator)
             recursionlimit = sys.getrecursionlimit()
-            depth = get_recursion_depth()
             try:
-                # Upon the last recursive invocation of recurse(),
-                # tstate->recursion_depth is equal to (recursion_limit - 1)
-                # and is equal to recursion_limit when _gen_throw() calls
-                # PyErr_NormalizeException().
-                recurse(setrecursionlimit(depth + 2) - depth)
+                recurse(support.EXCEEDS_RECURSION_LIMIT)
             finally:
                 sys.setrecursionlimit(recursionlimit)
                 print('Done.')
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_isinstance.py b/Lib/test/test_isinstance.py
index a0974640bc1146..2fcf6ebbee7e34 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_isinstance.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_isinstance.py
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 from test import support
 
 
-
+
 class TestIsInstanceExceptions(unittest.TestCase):
     # Test to make sure that an AttributeError when accessing the instance's
     # class's bases is masked.  This was actually a bug in Python 2.2 and
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ def getclass(self):
         class D: pass
         self.assertRaises(RuntimeError, isinstance, c, D)
 
-
+
 # These tests are similar to above, but tickle certain code paths in
 # issubclass() instead of isinstance() -- really PyObject_IsSubclass()
 # vs. PyObject_IsInstance().
@@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ def getbases(self):
         self.assertRaises(TypeError, issubclass, B, C())
 
 
-
+
 # meta classes for creating abstract classes and instances
 class AbstractClass(object):
     def __init__(self, bases):
@@ -179,7 +179,7 @@ class Super:
 
 class Child(Super):
     pass
-
+
 class TestIsInstanceIsSubclass(unittest.TestCase):
     # Tests to ensure that isinstance and issubclass work on abstract
     # classes and instances.  Before the 2.2 release, TypeErrors were
@@ -353,10 +353,10 @@ def blowstack(fxn, arg, compare_to):
     # Make sure that calling isinstance with a deeply nested tuple for its
     # argument will raise RecursionError eventually.
     tuple_arg = (compare_to,)
-    for cnt in range(sys.getrecursionlimit()+5):
+    for cnt in range(support.EXCEEDS_RECURSION_LIMIT):
         tuple_arg = (tuple_arg,)
         fxn(arg, tuple_arg)
 
-
+
 if __name__ == '__main__':
     unittest.main()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_marshal.py b/Lib/test/test_marshal.py
index 882a819ca8090f..fe4f368bed42f4 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_marshal.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_marshal.py
@@ -117,7 +117,8 @@ def test_code(self):
 
     def test_many_codeobjects(self):
         # Issue2957: bad recursion count on code objects
-        count = 5000    # more than MAX_MARSHAL_STACK_DEPTH
+        # more than MAX_MARSHAL_STACK_DEPTH
+        count = support.EXCEEDS_RECURSION_LIMIT
         codes = (ExceptionTestCase.test_exceptions.__code__,) * count
         marshal.loads(marshal.dumps(codes))
 
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core and Builtins/2022-09-05-09-56-32.gh-issue-91079.H4-DdU.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core and Builtins/2022-09-05-09-56-32.gh-issue-91079.H4-DdU.rst
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..64606ac74a49bd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core and Builtins/2022-09-05-09-56-32.gh-issue-91079.H4-DdU.rst	
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+Separate Python recursion checking from C recursion checking which reduces
+the chance of C stack overflow and allows the recursion limit to be
+increased safely.
diff --git a/Modules/_testinternalcapi.c b/Modules/_testinternalcapi.c
index 02a061b84f85a3..5724bd5f200f4c 100644
--- a/Modules/_testinternalcapi.c
+++ b/Modules/_testinternalcapi.c
@@ -44,9 +44,7 @@ get_recursion_depth(PyObject *self, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(args))
 {
     PyThreadState *tstate = _PyThreadState_GET();
 
-    /* subtract one to ignore the frame of the get_recursion_depth() call */
-
-    return PyLong_FromLong(tstate->recursion_limit - tstate->recursion_remaining - 1);
+    return PyLong_FromLong(tstate->py_recursion_limit - tstate->py_recursion_remaining);
 }
 
 
diff --git a/Parser/asdl_c.py b/Parser/asdl_c.py
index 13dd44ca0cdc3f..6bd2e66c804d1f 100755
--- a/Parser/asdl_c.py
+++ b/Parser/asdl_c.py
@@ -1380,7 +1380,6 @@ class PartingShots(StaticVisitor):
         return NULL;
     }
 
-    int recursion_limit = Py_GetRecursionLimit();
     int starting_recursion_depth;
     /* Be careful here to prevent overflow. */
     int COMPILER_STACK_FRAME_SCALE = 3;
@@ -1388,11 +1387,9 @@ class PartingShots(StaticVisitor):
     if (!tstate) {
         return 0;
     }
-    state->recursion_limit = (recursion_limit < INT_MAX / COMPILER_STACK_FRAME_SCALE) ?
-        recursion_limit * COMPILER_STACK_FRAME_SCALE : recursion_limit;
-    int recursion_depth = tstate->recursion_limit - tstate->recursion_remaining;
-    starting_recursion_depth = (recursion_depth < INT_MAX / COMPILER_STACK_FRAME_SCALE) ?
-        recursion_depth * COMPILER_STACK_FRAME_SCALE : recursion_depth;
+    state->recursion_limit = C_RECURSION_LIMIT * COMPILER_STACK_FRAME_SCALE;
+    int recursion_depth = C_RECURSION_LIMIT - tstate->c_recursion_remaining;
+    starting_recursion_depth = recursion_depth * COMPILER_STACK_FRAME_SCALE;
     state->recursion_depth = starting_recursion_depth;
 
     PyObject *result = ast2obj_mod(state, t);
diff --git a/Python/Python-ast.c b/Python/Python-ast.c
index f485af675ccff7..2571e28bc1690d 100644
--- a/Python/Python-ast.c
+++ b/Python/Python-ast.c
@@ -12315,7 +12315,6 @@ PyObject* PyAST_mod2obj(mod_ty t)
         return NULL;
     }
 
-    int recursion_limit = Py_GetRecursionLimit();
     int starting_recursion_depth;
     /* Be careful here to prevent overflow. */
     int COMPILER_STACK_FRAME_SCALE = 3;
@@ -12323,11 +12322,9 @@ PyObject* PyAST_mod2obj(mod_ty t)
     if (!tstate) {
         return 0;
     }
-    state->recursion_limit = (recursion_limit < INT_MAX / COMPILER_STACK_FRAME_SCALE) ?
-        recursion_limit * COMPILER_STACK_FRAME_SCALE : recursion_limit;
-    int recursion_depth = tstate->recursion_limit - tstate->recursion_remaining;
-    starting_recursion_depth = (recursion_depth < INT_MAX / COMPILER_STACK_FRAME_SCALE) ?
-        recursion_depth * COMPILER_STACK_FRAME_SCALE : recursion_depth;
+    state->recursion_limit = C_RECURSION_LIMIT * COMPILER_STACK_FRAME_SCALE;
+    int recursion_depth = C_RECURSION_LIMIT - tstate->c_recursion_remaining;
+    starting_recursion_depth = recursion_depth * COMPILER_STACK_FRAME_SCALE;
     state->recursion_depth = starting_recursion_depth;
 
     PyObject *result = ast2obj_mod(state, t);
diff --git a/Python/ast.c b/Python/ast.c
index a0321b58ba8cff..50fc8e01fb3f69 100644
--- a/Python/ast.c
+++ b/Python/ast.c
@@ -975,7 +975,6 @@ _PyAST_Validate(mod_ty mod)
     int res = -1;
     struct validator state;
     PyThreadState *tstate;
-    int recursion_limit = Py_GetRecursionLimit();
     int starting_recursion_depth;
 
     /* Setup recursion depth check counters */
@@ -984,12 +983,10 @@ _PyAST_Validate(mod_ty mod)
         return 0;
     }
     /* Be careful here to prevent overflow. */
-    int recursion_depth = tstate->recursion_limit - tstate->recursion_remaining;
-    starting_recursion_depth = (recursion_depth< INT_MAX / COMPILER_STACK_FRAME_SCALE) ?
-        recursion_depth * COMPILER_STACK_FRAME_SCALE : recursion_depth;
+    int recursion_depth = C_RECURSION_LIMIT - tstate->c_recursion_remaining;
+    starting_recursion_depth = recursion_depth * COMPILER_STACK_FRAME_SCALE;
     state.recursion_depth = starting_recursion_depth;
-    state.recursion_limit = (recursion_limit < INT_MAX / COMPILER_STACK_FRAME_SCALE) ?
-        recursion_limit * COMPILER_STACK_FRAME_SCALE : recursion_limit;
+    state.recursion_limit = C_RECURSION_LIMIT * COMPILER_STACK_FRAME_SCALE;
 
     switch (mod->kind) {
     case Module_kind:
diff --git a/Python/ast_opt.c b/Python/ast_opt.c
index b1d807bcf10ae1..426c5341b56fed 100644
--- a/Python/ast_opt.c
+++ b/Python/ast_opt.c
@@ -1080,7 +1080,6 @@ int
 _PyAST_Optimize(mod_ty mod, PyArena *arena, _PyASTOptimizeState *state)
 {
     PyThreadState *tstate;
-    int recursion_limit = Py_GetRecursionLimit();
     int starting_recursion_depth;
 
     /* Setup recursion depth check counters */
@@ -1089,12 +1088,10 @@ _PyAST_Optimize(mod_ty mod, PyArena *arena, _PyASTOptimizeState *state)
         return 0;
     }
     /* Be careful here to prevent overflow. */
-    int recursion_depth = tstate->recursion_limit - tstate->recursion_remaining;
-    starting_recursion_depth = (recursion_depth < INT_MAX / COMPILER_STACK_FRAME_SCALE) ?
-        recursion_depth * COMPILER_STACK_FRAME_SCALE : recursion_depth;
+    int recursion_depth = C_RECURSION_LIMIT - tstate->c_recursion_remaining;
+    starting_recursion_depth = recursion_depth * COMPILER_STACK_FRAME_SCALE;
     state->recursion_depth = starting_recursion_depth;
-    state->recursion_limit = (recursion_limit < INT_MAX / COMPILER_STACK_FRAME_SCALE) ?
-        recursion_limit * COMPILER_STACK_FRAME_SCALE : recursion_limit;
+    state->recursion_limit = C_RECURSION_LIMIT * COMPILER_STACK_FRAME_SCALE;
 
     int ret = astfold_mod(mod, arena, state);
     assert(ret || PyErr_Occurred());
diff --git a/Python/ceval.c b/Python/ceval.c
index 82b5422c188ea7..c08c794005d1ab 100644
--- a/Python/ceval.c
+++ b/Python/ceval.c
@@ -257,9 +257,9 @@ Py_SetRecursionLimit(int new_limit)
     PyInterpreterState *interp = _PyInterpreterState_GET();
     interp->ceval.recursion_limit = new_limit;
     for (PyThreadState *p = interp->threads.head; p != NULL; p = p->next) {
-        int depth = p->recursion_limit - p->recursion_remaining;
-        p->recursion_limit = new_limit;
-        p->recursion_remaining = new_limit - depth;
+        int depth = p->py_recursion_limit - p->py_recursion_remaining;
+        p->py_recursion_limit = new_limit;
+        p->py_recursion_remaining = new_limit - depth;
     }
 }
 
@@ -268,35 +268,27 @@ Py_SetRecursionLimit(int new_limit)
 int
 _Py_CheckRecursiveCall(PyThreadState *tstate, const char *where)
 {
-    /* Check against global limit first. */
-    int depth = tstate->recursion_limit - tstate->recursion_remaining;
-    if (depth < tstate->interp->ceval.recursion_limit) {
-        tstate->recursion_limit = tstate->interp->ceval.recursion_limit;
-        tstate->recursion_remaining = tstate->recursion_limit - depth;
-        assert(tstate->recursion_remaining > 0);
-        return 0;
-    }
 #ifdef USE_STACKCHECK
     if (PyOS_CheckStack()) {
-        ++tstate->recursion_remaining;
+        ++tstate->c_recursion_remaining;
         _PyErr_SetString(tstate, PyExc_MemoryError, "Stack overflow");
         return -1;
     }
 #endif
     if (tstate->recursion_headroom) {
-        if (tstate->recursion_remaining < -50) {
+        if (tstate->c_recursion_remaining < -50) {
             /* Overflowing while handling an overflow. Give up. */
             Py_FatalError("Cannot recover from stack overflow.");
         }
     }
     else {
-        if (tstate->recursion_remaining <= 0) {
+        if (tstate->c_recursion_remaining <= 0) {
             tstate->recursion_headroom++;
             _PyErr_Format(tstate, PyExc_RecursionError,
                         "maximum recursion depth exceeded%s",
                         where);
             tstate->recursion_headroom--;
-            ++tstate->recursion_remaining;
+            ++tstate->c_recursion_remaining;
             return -1;
         }
     }
@@ -983,6 +975,39 @@ pop_frame(PyThreadState *tstate, _PyInterpreterFrame *frame)
     return prev_frame;
 }
 
+
+int _Py_CheckRecursiveCallPy(
+    PyThreadState *tstate)
+{
+    if (tstate->recursion_headroom) {
+        if (tstate->py_recursion_remaining < -50) {
+            /* Overflowing while handling an overflow. Give up. */
+            Py_FatalError("Cannot recover from Python stack overflow.");
+        }
+    }
+    else {
+        if (tstate->py_recursion_remaining <= 0) {
+            tstate->recursion_headroom++;
+            _PyErr_Format(tstate, PyExc_RecursionError,
+                        "maximum recursion depth exceeded");
+            tstate->recursion_headroom--;
+            return -1;
+        }
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static inline int _Py_EnterRecursivePy(PyThreadState *tstate) {
+    return (tstate->py_recursion_remaining-- <= 0) &&
+        _Py_CheckRecursiveCallPy(tstate);
+}
+
+
+static inline void _Py_LeaveRecursiveCallPy(PyThreadState *tstate)  {
+    tstate->py_recursion_remaining++;
+}
+
+
 /* It is only between the KW_NAMES instruction and the following CALL,
  * that this has any meaning.
  */
@@ -1037,10 +1062,15 @@ _PyEval_EvalFrameDefault(PyThreadState *tstate, _PyInterpreterFrame *frame, int
     frame->previous = prev_cframe->current_frame;
     cframe.current_frame = frame;
 
+    if (_Py_EnterRecursiveCallTstate(tstate, "")) {
+        tstate->c_recursion_remaining--;
+        tstate->py_recursion_remaining--;
+        goto exit_unwind;
+    }
+
     /* support for generator.throw() */
     if (throwflag) {
-        if (_Py_EnterRecursiveCallTstate(tstate, "")) {
-            tstate->recursion_remaining--;
+        if (_Py_EnterRecursivePy(tstate)) {
             goto exit_unwind;
         }
         TRACE_FUNCTION_THROW_ENTRY();
@@ -1079,8 +1109,7 @@ _PyEval_EvalFrameDefault(PyThreadState *tstate, _PyInterpreterFrame *frame, int
 
 
 start_frame:
-    if (_Py_EnterRecursiveCallTstate(tstate, "")) {
-        tstate->recursion_remaining--;
+    if (_Py_EnterRecursivePy(tstate)) {
         goto exit_unwind;
     }
 
@@ -1830,12 +1859,13 @@ _PyEval_EvalFrameDefault(PyThreadState *tstate, _PyInterpreterFrame *frame, int
             _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
             TRACE_FUNCTION_EXIT();
             DTRACE_FUNCTION_EXIT();
-            _Py_LeaveRecursiveCallTstate(tstate);
+            _Py_LeaveRecursiveCallPy(tstate);
             if (!frame->is_entry) {
                 frame = cframe.current_frame = pop_frame(tstate, frame);
                 _PyFrame_StackPush(frame, retval);
                 goto resume_frame;
             }
+            _Py_LeaveRecursiveCallTstate(tstate);
             /* Restore previous cframe and return. */
             tstate->cframe = cframe.previous;
             tstate->cframe->use_tracing = cframe.use_tracing;
@@ -2046,6 +2076,7 @@ _PyEval_EvalFrameDefault(PyThreadState *tstate, _PyInterpreterFrame *frame, int
             _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
             TRACE_FUNCTION_EXIT();
             DTRACE_FUNCTION_EXIT();
+            _Py_LeaveRecursiveCallPy(tstate);
             _Py_LeaveRecursiveCallTstate(tstate);
             /* Restore previous cframe and return. */
             tstate->cframe = cframe.previous;
@@ -4800,7 +4831,7 @@ _PyEval_EvalFrameDefault(PyThreadState *tstate, _PyInterpreterFrame *frame, int
             assert(frame->frame_obj == NULL);
             gen->gi_frame_state = FRAME_CREATED;
             gen_frame->owner = FRAME_OWNED_BY_GENERATOR;
-            _Py_LeaveRecursiveCallTstate(tstate);
+            _Py_LeaveRecursiveCallPy(tstate);
             if (!frame->is_entry) {
                 _PyInterpreterFrame *prev = frame->previous;
                 _PyThreadState_PopFrame(tstate, frame);
@@ -4808,6 +4839,7 @@ _PyEval_EvalFrameDefault(PyThreadState *tstate, _PyInterpreterFrame *frame, int
                 _PyFrame_StackPush(frame, (PyObject *)gen);
                 goto resume_frame;
             }
+            _Py_LeaveRecursiveCallTstate(tstate);
             /* Make sure that frame is in a valid state */
             frame->stacktop = 0;
             frame->f_locals = NULL;
@@ -5178,12 +5210,13 @@ _PyEval_EvalFrameDefault(PyThreadState *tstate, _PyInterpreterFrame *frame, int
 
 exit_unwind:
     assert(_PyErr_Occurred(tstate));
-    _Py_LeaveRecursiveCallTstate(tstate);
+    _Py_LeaveRecursiveCallPy(tstate);
     if (frame->is_entry) {
         /* Restore previous cframe and exit */
         tstate->cframe = cframe.previous;
         tstate->cframe->use_tracing = cframe.use_tracing;
         assert(tstate->cframe->current_frame == frame->previous);
+        _Py_LeaveRecursiveCallTstate(tstate);
         return NULL;
     }
     frame = cframe.current_frame = pop_frame(tstate, frame);
@@ -5755,11 +5788,11 @@ _PyEvalFrameClearAndPop(PyThreadState *tstate, _PyInterpreterFrame * frame)
     // _PyThreadState_PopFrame, since f_code is already cleared at that point:
     assert((PyObject **)frame + frame->f_code->co_framesize ==
            tstate->datastack_top);
-    tstate->recursion_remaining--;
+    tstate->c_recursion_remaining--;
     assert(frame->frame_obj == NULL || frame->frame_obj->f_frame == frame);
     assert(frame->owner == FRAME_OWNED_BY_THREAD);
     _PyFrame_Clear(frame);
-    tstate->recursion_remaining++;
+    tstate->c_recursion_remaining++;
     _PyThreadState_PopFrame(tstate, frame);
 }
 
diff --git a/Python/pystate.c b/Python/pystate.c
index 23e9d24c591b63..50ae0ce682170b 100644
--- a/Python/pystate.c
+++ b/Python/pystate.c
@@ -792,8 +792,9 @@ init_threadstate(PyThreadState *tstate,
     tstate->native_thread_id = PyThread_get_thread_native_id();
 #endif
 
-    tstate->recursion_limit = interp->ceval.recursion_limit,
-    tstate->recursion_remaining = interp->ceval.recursion_limit,
+    tstate->py_recursion_limit = interp->ceval.recursion_limit,
+    tstate->py_recursion_remaining = interp->ceval.recursion_limit,
+    tstate->c_recursion_remaining = C_RECURSION_LIMIT;
 
     tstate->exc_info = &tstate->exc_state;
 
diff --git a/Python/symtable.c b/Python/symtable.c
index 0b259b08b61f97..342f5a080d3ddc 100644
--- a/Python/symtable.c
+++ b/Python/symtable.c
@@ -278,7 +278,6 @@ _PySymtable_Build(mod_ty mod, PyObject *filename, PyFutureFeatures *future)
     asdl_stmt_seq *seq;
     int i;
     PyThreadState *tstate;
-    int recursion_limit = Py_GetRecursionLimit();
     int starting_recursion_depth;
 
     if (st == NULL)
@@ -298,12 +297,10 @@ _PySymtable_Build(mod_ty mod, PyObject *filename, PyFutureFeatures *future)
         return NULL;
     }
     /* Be careful here to prevent overflow. */
-    int recursion_depth = tstate->recursion_limit - tstate->recursion_remaining;
-    starting_recursion_depth = (recursion_depth < INT_MAX / COMPILER_STACK_FRAME_SCALE) ?
-        recursion_depth * COMPILER_STACK_FRAME_SCALE : recursion_depth;
+    int recursion_depth = C_RECURSION_LIMIT - tstate->c_recursion_remaining;
+    starting_recursion_depth = recursion_depth * COMPILER_STACK_FRAME_SCALE;
     st->recursion_depth = starting_recursion_depth;
-    st->recursion_limit = (recursion_limit < INT_MAX / COMPILER_STACK_FRAME_SCALE) ?
-        recursion_limit * COMPILER_STACK_FRAME_SCALE : recursion_limit;
+    st->recursion_limit = C_RECURSION_LIMIT * COMPILER_STACK_FRAME_SCALE;
 
     /* Make the initial symbol information gathering pass */
     if (!symtable_enter_block(st, &_Py_ID(top), ModuleBlock, (void *)mod, 0, 0, 0, 0)) {
diff --git a/Python/sysmodule.c b/Python/sysmodule.c
index 1ecf6a2dd39fd5..2c66415ee3d3f4 100644
--- a/Python/sysmodule.c
+++ b/Python/sysmodule.c
@@ -1218,7 +1218,7 @@ sys_setrecursionlimit_impl(PyObject *module, int new_limit)
 
     /* Reject too low new limit if the current recursion depth is higher than
        the new low-water mark. */
-    int depth = tstate->recursion_limit - tstate->recursion_remaining;
+    int depth = tstate->py_recursion_limit - tstate->py_recursion_remaining;
     if (depth >= new_limit) {
         _PyErr_Format(tstate, PyExc_RecursionError,
                       "cannot set the recursion limit to %i at "