diff --git a/src/americana.js b/src/americana.js
index 15e0f8ae8..275360b62 100644
--- a/src/americana.js
+++ b/src/americana.js
@@ -301,6 +301,7 @@ maplibregl.setRTLTextPlugin(
   true
 );
 
+window.maplibregl = maplibregl;
 export const map = (window.map = new maplibregl.Map({
   container: "map", // container id
   hash: "map",
diff --git a/src/constants/label.js b/src/constants/label.js
index 34872434e..9277fd9b1 100644
--- a/src/constants/label.js
+++ b/src/constants/label.js
@@ -118,10 +118,134 @@ export function localizeLayers(layers, locales) {
   }
 }
 
-// Placeholder to be resolved by buildLayers()
+/**
+ * The name in the user's preferred language.
+ */
 export const localizedName = [
   "let",
   "localizedName",
   "",
   ["var", "localizedName"],
 ];
+
+/**
+ * The name in the user's preferred language, followed by the name in the local language in parentheses if it differs.
+ */
+export const localizedNameWithLocalGloss = [
+  "let",
+  "localizedName",
+  "",
+  "localizedCollator",
+  ["collator", {}],
+  "diacriticInsensitiveCollator",
+  ["collator", {}],
+  [
+    "case",
+    [
+      "==",
+      ["var", "localizedName"],
+      ["get", "name"],
+      ["var", "localizedCollator"],
+    ],
+    ["var", "localizedName"],
+    // If the name in the preferred language is the same as the name in the local language except for the omission of diacritics and/or the addition of a suffix (e.g., "City" in English), replace the common prefix with the local name.
+    [
+      "all",
+      [
+        "==",
+        ["slice", ["var", "localizedName"], 0, ["length", ["get", "name"]]],
+        ["get", "name"],
+        ["var", "diacriticInsensitiveCollator"],
+      ],
+      [
+        "in",
+        [
+          "slice",
+          // "Montreal" vs. "Montréal"
+          ["concat", ["var", "localizedName"], " "],
+          ["length", ["get", "name"]],
+          ["+", ["length", ["get", "name"]], 1],
+        ],
+        // "Quebec City" vs. "Québec", "Washington, D.C." vs. "Washington"
+        " ,",
+      ],
+    ],
+    [
+      "concat",
+      ["get", "name"],
+      ["slice", ["var", "localizedName"], ["length", ["get", "name"]]],
+    ],
+    // If the name in the preferred language is the same as the name in the local language except for the omission of diacritics and/or the addition of a prefix (e.g., "City of" in English or "Ciudad de" in Spanish), replace the common suffix with the local name.
+    [
+      "all",
+      [
+        "==",
+        [
+          "slice",
+          ["var", "localizedName"],
+          [
+            "-",
+            ["length", ["var", "localizedName"]],
+            ["length", ["get", "name"]],
+          ],
+        ],
+        ["get", "name"],
+        ["var", "diacriticInsensitiveCollator"],
+      ],
+      [
+        "==",
+        [
+          "slice",
+          ["var", "localizedName"],
+          [
+            "-",
+            [
+              "-",
+              ["length", ["var", "localizedName"]],
+              ["length", ["get", "name"]],
+            ],
+            1,
+          ],
+          [
+            "-",
+            ["length", ["var", "localizedName"]],
+            ["length", ["get", "name"]],
+          ],
+        ],
+        " ",
+      ],
+    ],
+    [
+      "concat",
+      [
+        "slice",
+        ["var", "localizedName"],
+        0,
+        [
+          "-",
+          ["length", ["var", "localizedName"]],
+          ["length", ["get", "name"]],
+        ],
+      ],
+      ["get", "name"],
+    ],
+    // Gloss the name in the local language if it differs from the localized name.
+    [
+      "format",
+      ["var", "localizedName"],
+      "\n",
+      "(\u200B",
+      { "font-scale": 0.8 },
+      // GL JS lacks support for bidirectional isolating characters, so use a character from the localized name to insulate the parentheses from the embedded text's writing direction. Make it so small that GL JS doesn't bother rendering it.
+      ["concat", ["slice", ["var", "localizedName"], 0, 1], " "],
+      { "font-scale": 0.001 },
+      ["get", "name"],
+      { "font-scale": 0.8 },
+      ["concat", " ", ["slice", ["var", "localizedName"], 0, 1]],
+      { "font-scale": 0.001 },
+      // A ZWSP prevents GL JS from combining this component with the preceding one, which would cause it to vanish along with the faux isolating character.
+      "\u200B)",
+      { "font-scale": 0.8 },
+    ],
+  ],
+];
diff --git a/src/layer/place.js b/src/layer/place.js
index 280fb4cc8..201653964 100644
--- a/src/layer/place.js
+++ b/src/layer/place.js
@@ -181,124 +181,7 @@ export const city = {
         [11, 0.9],
       ],
     },
-    "text-field": [
-      "let",
-      "localizedName",
-      "",
-      "localizedCollator",
-      ["collator", {}],
-      "diacriticInsensitiveCollator",
-      ["collator", {}],
-      [
-        "case",
-        [
-          "==",
-          ["var", "localizedName"],
-          ["get", "name"],
-          ["var", "localizedCollator"],
-        ],
-        ["var", "localizedName"],
-        // If the name in the preferred language is the same as the name in the local language except for the omission of diacritics and/or the addition of a suffix (e.g., "City" in English), replace the common prefix with the local name.
-        [
-          "all",
-          [
-            "==",
-            ["slice", ["var", "localizedName"], 0, ["length", ["get", "name"]]],
-            ["get", "name"],
-            ["var", "diacriticInsensitiveCollator"],
-          ],
-          [
-            "in",
-            [
-              "slice",
-              // "Montreal" vs. "Montréal"
-              ["concat", ["var", "localizedName"], " "],
-              ["length", ["get", "name"]],
-              ["+", ["length", ["get", "name"]], 1],
-            ],
-            // "Quebec City" vs. "Québec", "Washington, D.C." vs. "Washington"
-            " ,",
-          ],
-        ],
-        [
-          "concat",
-          ["get", "name"],
-          ["slice", ["var", "localizedName"], ["length", ["get", "name"]]],
-        ],
-        // If the name in the preferred language is the same as the name in the local language except for the omission of diacritics and/or the addition of a prefix (e.g., "City of" in English or "Ciudad de" in Spanish), replace the common suffix with the local name.
-        [
-          "all",
-          [
-            "==",
-            [
-              "slice",
-              ["var", "localizedName"],
-              [
-                "-",
-                ["length", ["var", "localizedName"]],
-                ["length", ["get", "name"]],
-              ],
-            ],
-            ["get", "name"],
-            ["var", "diacriticInsensitiveCollator"],
-          ],
-          [
-            "==",
-            [
-              "slice",
-              ["var", "localizedName"],
-              [
-                "-",
-                [
-                  "-",
-                  ["length", ["var", "localizedName"]],
-                  ["length", ["get", "name"]],
-                ],
-                1,
-              ],
-              [
-                "-",
-                ["length", ["var", "localizedName"]],
-                ["length", ["get", "name"]],
-              ],
-            ],
-            " ",
-          ],
-        ],
-        [
-          "concat",
-          [
-            "slice",
-            ["var", "localizedName"],
-            0,
-            [
-              "-",
-              ["length", ["var", "localizedName"]],
-              ["length", ["get", "name"]],
-            ],
-          ],
-          ["get", "name"],
-        ],
-        // Gloss the name in the local language if it differs from the localized name.
-        [
-          "format",
-          ["var", "localizedName"],
-          "\n",
-          "(\u200B",
-          { "font-scale": 0.8 },
-          // GL JS lacks support for bidirectional isolating characters, so use a character from the localized name to insulate the parentheses from the embedded text's writing direction. Make it so small that GL JS doesn't bother rendering it.
-          ["concat", ["slice", ["var", "localizedName"], 0, 1], " "],
-          { "font-scale": 0.001 },
-          ["get", "name"],
-          { "font-scale": 0.8 },
-          ["concat", " ", ["slice", ["var", "localizedName"], 0, 1]],
-          { "font-scale": 0.001 },
-          // A ZWSP prevents GL JS from combining this component with the preceding one, which would cause it to vanish along with the faux isolating character.
-          "\u200B)",
-          { "font-scale": 0.8 },
-        ],
-      ],
-    ],
+    "text-field": Label.localizedNameWithLocalGloss,
     "text-anchor": "bottom",
     "text-variable-anchor": [
       "bottom",
diff --git a/test/spec/label.js b/test/spec/label.js
index acdb42fa6..935f72ac7 100644
--- a/test/spec/label.js
+++ b/test/spec/label.js
@@ -2,6 +2,25 @@
 
 import chai, { expect } from "chai";
 import * as Label from "../../src/constants/label.js";
+import { expression } from "@maplibre/maplibre-gl-style-spec";
+
+function localizedTextField(textField, locales) {
+  let layers = [
+    {
+      layout: {
+        "text-field": textField,
+      },
+    },
+  ];
+  Label.localizeLayers(layers, locales);
+  return layers[0].layout["text-field"];
+}
+
+function expressionContext(properties) {
+  return {
+    properties: () => properties,
+  };
+}
 
 describe("label", function () {
   describe("#getLanguageFromURL", function () {
@@ -137,7 +156,7 @@ describe("label", function () {
         },
         {
           layout: {
-            "text-field": Label.localizedName,
+            "text-field": [...Label.localizedName],
           },
         },
       ];
@@ -153,7 +172,7 @@ describe("label", function () {
         {
           "source-layer": "transportation_name",
           layout: {
-            "text-field": Label.localizedName,
+            "text-field": [...Label.localizedName],
           },
         },
       ];
@@ -223,4 +242,140 @@ describe("label", function () {
         .true;
     });
   });
+
+  describe("#localizedName", function () {
+    let evaluatedExpression = (locales, properties) =>
+      expression
+        .createExpression(localizedTextField([...Label.localizedName], ["en"]))
+        .value.expression.evaluate(expressionContext(properties));
+
+    it("is empty by default", function () {
+      expect(
+        expression
+          .createExpression(Label.localizedName)
+          .value.expression.evaluate(
+            expressionContext({
+              name: "Null Island",
+            })
+          )
+      ).to.be.eql("");
+    });
+    it("localizes to preferred language", function () {
+      expect(
+        evaluatedExpression(["en"], {
+          "name:en": "Null Island",
+          name: "Insula Nullius",
+        })
+      ).to.be.eql("Null Island");
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe("#localizedNameWithLocalGloss", function () {
+    let evaluatedExpression = (locales, properties) =>
+      expression
+        .createExpression(
+          localizedTextField([...Label.localizedNameWithLocalGloss], locales)
+        )
+        .value.expression.evaluate(expressionContext(properties));
+
+    let evaluatedLabelAndGloss = (locales, properties) => {
+      let evaluated = evaluatedExpression(locales, properties);
+      if (typeof evaluated === "string") {
+        return [evaluated, null];
+      }
+      return [evaluated.sections[0].text, evaluated.sections[4].text];
+    };
+
+    let expectGloss = (
+      locale,
+      localized,
+      local,
+      expectedLabel,
+      expectedGloss
+    ) => {
+      let properties = {
+        name: local,
+      };
+      properties[`name:${locale}`] = localized;
+      expect(evaluatedLabelAndGloss([locale], properties)).to.be.deep.equal([
+        expectedLabel,
+        expectedGloss,
+      ]);
+    };
+
+    it("puts an unlocalized name by itself", function () {
+      expect(
+        evaluatedExpression(["en"], {
+          name: "Null Island",
+        })
+      ).to.be.eql("Null Island");
+    });
+    it("glosses an anglicized name with the local name", function () {
+      let evaluated = evaluatedExpression(["en"], {
+        "name:en": "Null Island",
+        name: "Insula Nullius",
+      });
+
+      expect(evaluated.sections.length).to.be.eql(7);
+      expect(evaluated.sections[0].text).to.be.eql("Null Island");
+      expect(evaluated.sections[1].text).to.be.eql("\n");
+      expect(evaluated.sections[2].text).to.be.eql("(\u200B");
+      expect(evaluated.sections[3].text).to.be.eql("Null Island"[0] + " ");
+      expect(evaluated.sections[4].text).to.be.eql("Insula Nullius");
+      expect(evaluated.sections[5].text).to.be.eql(" " + "Null Island"[0]);
+      expect(evaluated.sections[6].text).to.be.eql("\u200B)");
+
+      expect(evaluated.sections[3].scale).to.be.below(0.1);
+      expect(evaluated.sections[4].scale).to.be.below(1);
+      expect(evaluated.sections[5].scale).to.be.below(0.1);
+    });
+    it("deduplicates matching anglicized and local names", function () {
+      expectGloss("en", "Null Island", "Null Island", "Null Island", null);
+      expectGloss("en", "Null Island", "NULL Island", "Null Island", null);
+      expectGloss("en", "Montreal", "Montréal", "Montréal", null);
+      expectGloss("en", "Quebec City", "Québec", "Québec City", null);
+      expectGloss("en", "Da Nang", "Đà Nẵng", "Đà Nẵng", null);
+      expectGloss("en", "Nūll Island", "Ñüłl Íşlåńđ", "Ñüłl Íşlåńđ", null);
+      expectGloss("en", "New York City", "New York", "New York City", null);
+      expectGloss(
+        "en",
+        "Washington, D.C.",
+        "Washington",
+        "Washington, D.C.",
+        null
+      );
+      expectGloss(
+        "en",
+        "Santiago de Querétaro",
+        "Querétaro",
+        "Santiago de Querétaro",
+        null
+      );
+
+      // Suboptimal but expected cases
+
+      expectGloss("en", "Córdobaaa", "Córdoba", "Córdobaaa", "Córdoba");
+      expectGloss(
+        "en",
+        "Derry",
+        "Derry/Londonderry",
+        "Derry",
+        "Derry/Londonderry"
+      );
+      expectGloss("en", "L’Aquila", "L'Aquila", "L’Aquila", "L'Aquila");
+    });
+    it("glosses non-English localized name with lookalike local name", function () {
+      expectGloss(
+        "es",
+        "Los Ángeles",
+        "Los Angeles",
+        "Los Ángeles",
+        "Los Angeles"
+      );
+      expectGloss("es", "Montreal", "Montréal", "Montreal", "Montréal");
+      expectGloss("es", "Quebec", "Québec", "Quebec", "Québec");
+      expectGloss("pl", "Ryga", "Rīga", "Ryga", "Rīga");
+      expectGloss("pl", "Jurmała", "Jūrmala", "Jurmała", "Jūrmala");
+    });
+  });
 });