diff --git a/e2e-tests/browser/openid4vp_employeecredential/main_test.go b/e2e-tests/browser/openid4vp_employeecredential/main_test.go
index 4fec1373fb..712b487f64 100644
--- a/e2e-tests/browser/openid4vp_employeecredential/main_test.go
+++ b/e2e-tests/browser/openid4vp_employeecredential/main_test.go
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ func Test_UserAccessToken_EmployeeCredential(t *testing.T) {
 func setupNode(t testing.TB, ctx context.Context, config core.ClientConfig) (string, did.DID, OpenID4VP) {
 	subject, didDoc, err := createDID(config)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	err = browser.IssueOrganizationCredential(didDoc, fmt.Sprintf("%s Organization", didDoc.ID.String()), "Testland", config)
+	err = browser.IssueOrganizationCredential(subject, didDoc, fmt.Sprintf("%s Organization", didDoc.ID.String()), "Testland", config)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
 	iamClientB, err := iamAPI.NewClient(config.GetAddress())
diff --git a/e2e-tests/browser/rfc019_selfsigned/main_test.go b/e2e-tests/browser/rfc019_selfsigned/main_test.go
index 74d16e3528..4e7b436e0c 100644
--- a/e2e-tests/browser/rfc019_selfsigned/main_test.go
+++ b/e2e-tests/browser/rfc019_selfsigned/main_test.go
@@ -52,14 +52,14 @@ func Test_LoginWithSelfSignedMeans(t *testing.T) {
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	err = registerCompoundService(verifyingOrganization.ID, purposeOfUse)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	err = browser.IssueOrganizationCredential(verifyingOrganization, "Verifying Organization", "Testland", apps.NodeClientConfig)
+	err = browser.IssueOrganizationCredential("", verifyingOrganization, "Verifying Organization", "Testland", apps.NodeClientConfig)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
 	issuingOrganization, err := createDID()
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	err = registerCompoundService(issuingOrganization.ID, purposeOfUse)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	err = browser.IssueOrganizationCredential(issuingOrganization, "Issuing Organization", "Testland", apps.NodeClientConfig)
+	err = browser.IssueOrganizationCredential("", issuingOrganization, "Issuing Organization", "Testland", apps.NodeClientConfig)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
 	selfSigned := apps.SelfSigned{
diff --git a/e2e-tests/browser/util.go b/e2e-tests/browser/util.go
index e45147d6e4..cdb338ad73 100644
--- a/e2e-tests/browser/util.go
+++ b/e2e-tests/browser/util.go
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ import (
 	vcrAPI "github.com/nuts-foundation/nuts-node/vcr/api/vcr/v2"
 )
 
-func IssueOrganizationCredential(organization *did.Document, name, city string, clientConfig core.ClientConfig) error {
+func IssueOrganizationCredential(subject string, organization *did.Document, name, city string, clientConfig core.ClientConfig) error {
 	vcrClient := vcrAPI.HTTPClient{ClientConfig: clientConfig}
 	request := vcrAPI.IssueVCRequest{
 		Issuer: organization.ID.String(),
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ func IssueOrganizationCredential(organization *did.Document, name, city string,
 	}
 	if organization.ID.Method == "web" {
 		// Need to load it into tbe wallet
-		return vcrClient.LoadVC(organization.ID, *issuedCredential)
+		return vcrClient.LoadVC(subject, *issuedCredential)
 	}
 	return nil
 }
diff --git a/e2e-tests/discovery/run-test.sh b/e2e-tests/discovery/run-test.sh
index 5e398d99ca..3f721a9a41 100755
--- a/e2e-tests/discovery/run-test.sh
+++ b/e2e-tests/discovery/run-test.sh
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ else
   exitWithDockerLogs 1
 fi
 
-RESPONSE=$(echo $RESPONSE | curl --insecure -s -X POST --data-binary @- http://localhost:28081/internal/vcr/v2/holder/${DID}/vc -H "Content-Type:application/json")
+RESPONSE=$(echo $RESPONSE | curl --insecure -s -X POST --data-binary @- http://localhost:28081/internal/vcr/v2/holder/${SUBJECT}/vc -H "Content-Type:application/json")
 if [[ $RESPONSE -eq "" ]]; then
   echo "VC stored in wallet"
 else
diff --git a/e2e-tests/oauth-flow/openid4vp/do-test.sh b/e2e-tests/oauth-flow/openid4vp/do-test.sh
index 765e306fdb..db68dc0115 100755
--- a/e2e-tests/oauth-flow/openid4vp/do-test.sh
+++ b/e2e-tests/oauth-flow/openid4vp/do-test.sh
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ else
   exitWithDockerLogs 1
 fi
 
-RESPONSE=$(echo $RESPONSE | curl -X POST --data-binary @- http://localhost:28081/internal/vcr/v2/holder/${PARTY_B_DID}/vc -H "Content-Type:application/json")
+RESPONSE=$(echo $RESPONSE | curl -X POST --data-binary @- http://localhost:28081/internal/vcr/v2/holder/subjectB/vc -H "Content-Type:application/json")
 if echo $RESPONSE == ""; then
   echo "VC stored in wallet"
 else
diff --git a/e2e-tests/oauth-flow/rfc021/do-test.sh b/e2e-tests/oauth-flow/rfc021/do-test.sh
index 538d4ef108..05214337ba 100755
--- a/e2e-tests/oauth-flow/rfc021/do-test.sh
+++ b/e2e-tests/oauth-flow/rfc021/do-test.sh
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ else
   exitWithDockerLogs 1
 fi
 
-RESPONSE=$(echo $RESPONSE | curl -X POST --data-binary @- http://localhost:28081/internal/vcr/v2/holder/${VENDOR_B_DID}/vc -H "Content-Type:application/json")
+RESPONSE=$(echo $RESPONSE | curl -X POST --data-binary @- http://localhost:28081/internal/vcr/v2/holder/vendorB/vc -H "Content-Type:application/json")
 if echo $RESPONSE == ""; then
   echo "VC stored in wallet"
 else
diff --git a/vcr/api/vcr/v2/client.go b/vcr/api/vcr/v2/client.go
index db0676a6d2..bb77afb380 100644
--- a/vcr/api/vcr/v2/client.go
+++ b/vcr/api/vcr/v2/client.go
@@ -23,7 +23,6 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
-	"github.com/nuts-foundation/go-did/did"
 	"github.com/nuts-foundation/go-did/vc"
 	"github.com/nuts-foundation/nuts-node/core"
 	"io"
@@ -93,10 +92,10 @@ func (hb HTTPClient) Untrusted(credentialType string) ([]string, error) {
 }
 
 // LoadVC loads the given Verifiable Credential into the holder's wallet.
-func (hb HTTPClient) LoadVC(holder did.DID, credential vc.VerifiableCredential) error {
+func (hb HTTPClient) LoadVC(holderSubjectID string, credential vc.VerifiableCredential) error {
 	ctx := context.Background()
 
-	httpResponse, err := hb.client().LoadVC(ctx, holder.String(), credential)
+	httpResponse, err := hb.client().LoadVC(ctx, holderSubjectID, credential)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	} else if err := core.TestResponseCode(http.StatusNoContent, httpResponse); err != nil {