diff --git a/lib/private/AppFramework/Middleware/Security/Exceptions/SecurityException.php b/lib/private/AppFramework/Middleware/Security/Exceptions/SecurityException.php
index 3232980b7e549..3b2296c145fe9 100644
--- a/lib/private/AppFramework/Middleware/Security/Exceptions/SecurityException.php
+++ b/lib/private/AppFramework/Middleware/Security/Exceptions/SecurityException.php
@@ -1,4 +1,7 @@
 <?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
 /**
  * @copyright Copyright (c) 2016, ownCloud, Inc.
  *
diff --git a/lib/private/Security/RateLimiting/Exception/RateLimitExceededException.php b/lib/private/Security/RateLimiting/Exception/RateLimitExceededException.php
index 08091e997ca8a..baf74927886dd 100644
--- a/lib/private/Security/RateLimiting/Exception/RateLimitExceededException.php
+++ b/lib/private/Security/RateLimiting/Exception/RateLimitExceededException.php
@@ -27,8 +27,9 @@
 
 use OC\AppFramework\Middleware\Security\Exceptions\SecurityException;
 use OCP\AppFramework\Http;
+use OCP\Security\RateLimiting\IRateLimitExceededException;
 
-class RateLimitExceededException extends SecurityException {
+class RateLimitExceededException extends SecurityException implements IRateLimitExceededException {
 	public function __construct() {
 		parent::__construct('Rate limit exceeded', Http::STATUS_TOO_MANY_REQUESTS);
 	}
diff --git a/lib/private/Security/RateLimiting/Limiter.php b/lib/private/Security/RateLimiting/Limiter.php
index c8c0e2ce101b6..689e7b1455830 100644
--- a/lib/private/Security/RateLimiting/Limiter.php
+++ b/lib/private/Security/RateLimiting/Limiter.php
@@ -30,8 +30,9 @@
 use OC\Security\RateLimiting\Backend\IBackend;
 use OC\Security\RateLimiting\Exception\RateLimitExceededException;
 use OCP\IUser;
+use OCP\Security\RateLimiting\ILimiter;
 
-class Limiter {
+class Limiter implements ILimiter {
 	public function __construct(
 		private IBackend $backend,
 	) {
diff --git a/lib/public/Security/RateLimiting/ILimiter.php b/lib/public/Security/RateLimiting/ILimiter.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..275746b0b491a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/public/Security/RateLimiting/ILimiter.php
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+/*
+ * @copyright 2023 Christoph Wurst <christoph@winzerhof-wurst.at>
+ *
+ * @author 2023 Christoph Wurst <christoph@winzerhof-wurst.at>
+ *
+ * @license GNU AGPL version 3 or any later version
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as
+ * published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the
+ * License, or (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+ * along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ */
+
+namespace OCP\Security\RateLimiting;
+
+use OCP\AppFramework\Http\Attribute\AnonRateLimit;
+use OCP\AppFramework\Http\Attribute\UserRateLimit;
+use OCP\IUser;
+
+/**
+ * Programmatic rate limiter for web requests that are not handled by an app framework controller
+ *
+ * @see AnonRateLimit
+ * @see UserRateLimit
+ *
+ * @since 28.0.0
+ */
+interface ILimiter {
+	/**
+	 * Registers attempt for an anonymous request
+	 *
+	 * @param string $identifier
+	 * @param int $anonLimit
+	 * @param int $anonPeriod in seconds
+	 * @param string $ip
+	 * @throws IRateLimitExceededException if limits are reached, which should cause a HTTP 429 response
+	 * @since 28.0.0
+	 *
+	 */
+	public function registerAnonRequest(string $identifier,
+										int    $anonLimit,
+										int    $anonPeriod,
+										string $ip): void;
+
+	/**
+	 * Registers attempt for an authenticated request
+	 *
+	 * @param string $identifier
+	 * @param int $userLimit
+	 * @param int $userPeriod in seconds
+	 * @param IUser $user the acting user
+	 * @throws IRateLimitExceededException if limits are reached, which should cause a HTTP 429 response
+	 * @since 28.0.0
+	 *
+	 */
+	public function registerUserRequest(string $identifier,
+										int    $userLimit,
+										int    $userPeriod,
+										IUser  $user): void;
+}
diff --git a/lib/public/Security/RateLimiting/IRateLimitExceededException.php b/lib/public/Security/RateLimiting/IRateLimitExceededException.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..9bc8c22a67cb4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/public/Security/RateLimiting/IRateLimitExceededException.php
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+/*
+ * @copyright 2023 Christoph Wurst <christoph@winzerhof-wurst.at>
+ *
+ * @author 2023 Christoph Wurst <christoph@winzerhof-wurst.at>
+ *
+ * @license GNU AGPL version 3 or any later version
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as
+ * published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the
+ * License, or (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+ * along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ */
+
+namespace OCP\Security\RateLimiting;
+
+use Throwable;
+
+/**
+ * Thrown if the (anonymous) user has exceeded a rate limit
+ *
+ * @since 28.0.0
+ */
+interface IRateLimitExceededException extends Throwable {
+}