diff --git a/crates/matrix-sdk/src/sliding_sync/mod.rs b/crates/matrix-sdk/src/sliding_sync/mod.rs
index cef6d4e5e7..065ec02682 100644
--- a/crates/matrix-sdk/src/sliding_sync/mod.rs
+++ b/crates/matrix-sdk/src/sliding_sync/mod.rs
@@ -506,8 +506,7 @@ impl SlidingSync {
         // re-downloaded if the `since` token is `None`, otherwise it's easy to miss
         // device lists updates that happened between the previous request and the new
         // “initial” request.
-        #[cfg(feature = "e2e-encryption")]
-        if pos.is_none() && self.inner.version.is_native() {
+        if pos.is_none() && self.inner.version.is_native() && self.is_e2ee_enabled() {
             let olm_machine = self.inner.client.olm_machine().await;
             let olm_machine = olm_machine.as_ref().ok_or(Error::NoOlmMachine)?;
             olm_machine.mark_all_tracked_users_as_dirty().await?;
@@ -865,15 +864,9 @@ enum SlidingSyncInternalMessage {
 
 #[cfg(any(test, feature = "testing"))]
 impl SlidingSync {
-    /// Get a copy of the `pos` value.
-    pub fn pos(&self) -> Option<String> {
-        let position_lock = self.inner.position.blocking_lock();
-        position_lock.pos.clone()
-    }
-
     /// Set a new value for `pos`.
-    pub fn set_pos(&self, new_pos: String) {
-        let mut position_lock = self.inner.position.blocking_lock();
+    pub async fn set_pos(&self, new_pos: String) {
+        let mut position_lock = self.inner.position.lock().await;
         position_lock.pos = Some(new_pos);
     }
 
@@ -1684,6 +1677,153 @@ mod tests {
         Ok(())
     }
 
+    // With MSC4186, with the `e2ee` extension enabled, if a request has no `pos`,
+    // all the tracked users by the `OlmMachine` must be marked as dirty, i.e.
+    // `/key/query` requests must be sent. See the code to see the details.
+    //
+    // This test is asserting that.
+    #[async_test]
+    #[cfg(feature = "e2e-encryption")]
+    async fn test_no_pos_with_e2ee_marks_all_tracked_users_as_dirty() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
+        use matrix_sdk_base::crypto::{IncomingResponse, OutgoingRequests};
+        use matrix_sdk_test::ruma_response_from_json;
+        use ruma::user_id;
+
+        let server = MockServer::start().await;
+        let client = logged_in_client(Some(server.uri())).await;
+
+        let alice = user_id!("@alice:localhost");
+        let bob = user_id!("@bob:localhost");
+        let me = user_id!("@example:localhost");
+
+        // Track and mark users are not dirty, so that we can check they are “dirty”
+        // after that. Dirty here means that a `/key/query` must be sent.
+        {
+            let olm_machine = client.olm_machine().await;
+            let olm_machine = olm_machine.as_ref().unwrap();
+
+            olm_machine.update_tracked_users([alice, bob]).await?;
+
+            // Assert requests.
+            let outgoing_requests = olm_machine.outgoing_requests().await?;
+
+            assert_eq!(outgoing_requests.len(), 2);
+            assert_matches!(outgoing_requests[0].request(), OutgoingRequests::KeysUpload(_));
+            assert_matches!(outgoing_requests[1].request(), OutgoingRequests::KeysQuery(_));
+
+            // Fake responses.
+            olm_machine
+                .mark_request_as_sent(
+                    outgoing_requests[0].request_id(),
+                    IncomingResponse::KeysUpload(&ruma_response_from_json(&json!({
+                        "one_time_key_counts": {}
+                    }))),
+                )
+                .await?;
+
+            olm_machine
+                .mark_request_as_sent(
+                    outgoing_requests[1].request_id(),
+                    IncomingResponse::KeysQuery(&ruma_response_from_json(&json!({
+                        "device_keys": {
+                            alice: {},
+                            bob: {},
+                        }
+                    }))),
+                )
+                .await?;
+
+            // Once more.
+            let outgoing_requests = olm_machine.outgoing_requests().await?;
+
+            assert_eq!(outgoing_requests.len(), 1);
+            assert_matches!(outgoing_requests[0].request(), OutgoingRequests::KeysQuery(_));
+
+            olm_machine
+                .mark_request_as_sent(
+                    outgoing_requests[0].request_id(),
+                    IncomingResponse::KeysQuery(&ruma_response_from_json(&json!({
+                        "device_keys": {
+                            me: {},
+                        }
+                    }))),
+                )
+                .await?;
+
+            // No more.
+            let outgoing_requests = olm_machine.outgoing_requests().await?;
+
+            assert!(outgoing_requests.is_empty());
+        }
+
+        let sync = client
+            .sliding_sync("test-slidingsync")?
+            .add_list(SlidingSyncList::builder("new_list"))
+            .with_e2ee_extension(assign!(http::request::E2EE::default(), { enabled: Some(true)}))
+            .build()
+            .await?;
+
+        // First request: no `pos`.
+        let txn_id = TransactionId::new();
+        let (_request, _, _) = sync
+            .generate_sync_request(&mut LazyTransactionId::from_owned(txn_id.to_owned()))
+            .await?;
+
+        // Now, tracked users must be dirty.
+        {
+            let olm_machine = client.olm_machine().await;
+            let olm_machine = olm_machine.as_ref().unwrap();
+
+            // Assert requests.
+            let outgoing_requests = olm_machine.outgoing_requests().await?;
+
+            assert_eq!(outgoing_requests.len(), 1);
+            assert_matches!(
+                outgoing_requests[0].request(),
+                OutgoingRequests::KeysQuery(request) => {
+                    assert!(request.device_keys.contains_key(alice));
+                    assert!(request.device_keys.contains_key(bob));
+                    assert!(request.device_keys.contains_key(me));
+                }
+            );
+
+            // Fake responses.
+            olm_machine
+                .mark_request_as_sent(
+                    outgoing_requests[0].request_id(),
+                    IncomingResponse::KeysQuery(&ruma_response_from_json(&json!({
+                        "device_keys": {
+                            alice: {},
+                            bob: {},
+                            me: {},
+                        }
+                    }))),
+                )
+                .await?;
+        }
+
+        // Second request: with a `pos` this time.
+        sync.set_pos("chocolat".to_owned()).await;
+
+        let txn_id = TransactionId::new();
+        let (_request, _, _) = sync
+            .generate_sync_request(&mut LazyTransactionId::from_owned(txn_id.to_owned()))
+            .await?;
+
+        // Tracked users are not marked as dirty.
+        {
+            let olm_machine = client.olm_machine().await;
+            let olm_machine = olm_machine.as_ref().unwrap();
+
+            // Assert requests.
+            let outgoing_requests = olm_machine.outgoing_requests().await?;
+
+            assert!(outgoing_requests.is_empty());
+        }
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
     #[async_test]
     async fn test_unknown_pos_resets_pos_and_sticky_parameters() -> Result<()> {
         let server = MockServer::start().await;