internal: Verify provider signatures on install

Providers installed from the registry are accompanied by a list of
checksums (the "SHA256SUMS" file), which is cryptographically signed to
allow package authentication. The process of verifying this has multiple
steps:

- First we must verify that the SHA256 hash of the package archive
  matches the expected hash. This could be done for local installations
  too, in the future.
- Next we ensure that the expected hash returned as part of the registry
  API response matches an entry in the checksum list.
- Finally we verify the cryptographic signature of the checksum list,
  using the public keys provided by the registry.

Each of these steps is implemented as a separate PackageAuthentication
type. The local archive installation mechanism uses only the archive
checksum authenticator, and the HTTP installation uses all three in the
order given.

The package authentication system now also returns a result value, which
is used by command/init to display the result of the authentication
process.

There are three tiers of signature, each of which is presented
differently to the user:

- Signatures from the embedded HashiCorp public key indicate that the
  provider is officially supported by HashiCorp;
- If the signing key is not from HashiCorp, it may have an associated
  trust signature, which indicates that the provider is from one of
  HashiCorp's trusted partners;
- Otherwise, if the signature is valid, this is an untrusted community
  provider.

command/init.go

@@ -508,6 +508,17 @@ func (c *InitCommand) getProviders(earlyConfig *earlyconfig.Config, state *state
 				fmt.Sprintf("Error while installing %s v%s: %s.", provider.ForDisplay(), version, err),
 			))
 		},
+		FetchPackageSuccess: func(provider addrs.Provider, version getproviders.Version, localDir string, authResult *getproviders.PackageAuthenticationResult) {
+			var warning string
+			if authResult != nil {
+				warning = authResult.Warning
+			}
+			if warning != "" {
+				warning = c.Colorize().Color(fmt.Sprintf("\n  [reset][yellow]Warning: %s[reset]", warning))
+			}
+
+			c.Ui.Info(fmt.Sprintf("- Installed %s v%s (%s)%s", provider.ForDisplay(), version, authResult, warning))
+		},
 	}
 
 	mode := providercache.InstallNewProvidersOnly

command/init_test.go

@@ -1604,7 +1604,7 @@ func installFakeProviderPackagesElsewhere(t *testing.T, cacheDir *providercache.
 			if err != nil {
 				t.Fatalf("failed to prepare fake package for %s %s: %s", name, versionStr, err)
 			}
-			err = cacheDir.InstallPackage(context.Background(), meta)
+			_, err = cacheDir.InstallPackage(context.Background(), meta)
 			if err != nil {
 				t.Fatalf("failed to install fake package for %s %s: %s", name, versionStr, err)
 			}

internal/getproviders/package_authentication.go

@@ -3,11 +3,36 @@ package getproviders
 import (
 	"bytes"
 	"crypto/sha256"
+	"encoding/hex"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
 	"os"
+	"strings"
+
+	"golang.org/x/crypto/openpgp"
+	openpgpArmor "golang.org/x/crypto/openpgp/armor"
+	openpgpErrors "golang.org/x/crypto/openpgp/errors"
 )
 
+// FIXME docs
+type PackageAuthenticationResult struct {
+	Result  string
+	Warning string
+}
+
+func (t *PackageAuthenticationResult) String() string {
+	if t == nil {
+		return "Unauthenticated"
+	}
+	return t.Result
+}
+
+// FIXME docs
+type SigningKey struct {
+	ASCIIArmor     string `json:"ascii_armor"`
+	TrustSignature string `json:"trust_signature"`
+}
+
 // PackageAuthentication is an interface implemented by the optional package
 // authentication implementations a source may include on its PackageMeta
 // objects.
@@ -24,7 +49,7 @@ type PackageAuthentication interface {
 	//
 	// The localLocation is guaranteed not to be a PackageHTTPURL: a
 	// remote package will always be staged locally for inspection first.
-	AuthenticatePackage(meta PackageMeta, localLocation PackageLocation) error
+	AuthenticatePackage(meta PackageMeta, localLocation PackageLocation) (*PackageAuthenticationResult, error)
 }
 
 type packageAuthenticationAll []PackageAuthentication
@@ -38,14 +63,16 @@ func PackageAuthenticationAll(checks ...PackageAuthentication) PackageAuthentica
 	return packageAuthenticationAll(checks)
 }
 
-func (checks packageAuthenticationAll) AuthenticatePackage(meta PackageMeta, localLocation PackageLocation) error {
+func (checks packageAuthenticationAll) AuthenticatePackage(meta PackageMeta, localLocation PackageLocation) (*PackageAuthenticationResult, error) {
+	var authResult *PackageAuthenticationResult
 	for _, check := range checks {
-		err := check.AuthenticatePackage(meta, localLocation)
+		var err error
+		authResult, err = check.AuthenticatePackage(meta, localLocation)
 		if err != nil {
-			return err
+			return authResult, err
 		}
 	}
-	return nil
+	return authResult, nil
 }
 
 type archiveHashAuthentication struct {
@@ -65,29 +92,192 @@ func NewArchiveChecksumAuthentication(wantSHA256Sum [sha256.Size]byte) PackageAu
 	return archiveHashAuthentication{wantSHA256Sum}
 }
 
-func (a archiveHashAuthentication) AuthenticatePackage(meta PackageMeta, localLocation PackageLocation) error {
+func (a archiveHashAuthentication) AuthenticatePackage(meta PackageMeta, localLocation PackageLocation) (*PackageAuthenticationResult, error) {
 	archiveLocation, ok := localLocation.(PackageLocalArchive)
 	if !ok {
 		// A source should not use this authentication type for non-archive
 		// locations.
-		return fmt.Errorf("cannot check archive hash for non-archive location %s", localLocation)
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("cannot check archive hash for non-archive location %s", localLocation)
 	}
 
 	f, err := os.Open(string(archiveLocation))
 	if err != nil {
-		return err
+		return nil, err
 	}
 	defer f.Close()
 
 	h := sha256.New()
 	_, err = io.Copy(h, f)
 	if err != nil {
-		return err
+		return nil, err
 	}
 
 	gotHash := h.Sum(nil)
 	if !bytes.Equal(gotHash, a.WantSHA256Sum[:]) {
-		return fmt.Errorf("archive has incorrect SHA-256 checksum %x (expected %x)", gotHash, a.WantSHA256Sum[:])
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("archive has incorrect SHA-256 checksum %x (expected %x)", gotHash, a.WantSHA256Sum[:])
+	}
+	return &PackageAuthenticationResult{Result: "verified checksum"}, nil
+}
+
+type matchingChecksumAuthentication struct {
+	Document      []byte
+	Filename      string
+	WantSHA256Sum [sha256.Size]byte
+}
+
+// NewMatchingChecksumAuthentication FIXME
+func NewMatchingChecksumAuthentication(document []byte, filename string, wantSHA256Sum [sha256.Size]byte) PackageAuthentication {
+	return matchingChecksumAuthentication{
+		Document:      document,
+		Filename:      filename,
+		WantSHA256Sum: wantSHA256Sum,
+	}
+}
+
+func (m matchingChecksumAuthentication) AuthenticatePackage(meta PackageMeta, location PackageLocation) (*PackageAuthenticationResult, error) {
+	if _, ok := meta.Location.(PackageHTTPURL); !ok {
+		// A source should not use this authentication type for non-HTTP
+		// source locations.
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("cannot verify matching checksum for non-HTTP location %s", meta.Location)
+	}
+
+	// Find the checksum in the list with matching filename. The document is
+	// in the form "0123456789abcdef filename.zip".
+	filename := []byte(m.Filename)
+	var checksum []byte
+	for _, line := range bytes.Split(m.Document, []byte("\n")) {
+		parts := bytes.Fields(line)
+		if len(parts) > 1 && bytes.Equal(parts[1], filename) {
+			checksum = parts[0]
+			break
+		}
+	}
+	if checksum == nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("checksum list has no SHA-256 hash for %q", m.Filename)
+	}
+
+	// Decode the ASCII checksum into a byte array for comparison.
+	var gotSHA256Sum [sha256.Size]byte
+	if _, err := hex.Decode(gotSHA256Sum[:], checksum); err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("checksum list has invalid SHA256 hash %q: %s", string(checksum), err)
+	}
+
+	// If thee checksums don't match, authentication fails.
+	if !bytes.Equal(gotSHA256Sum[:], m.WantSHA256Sum[:]) {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("checksum list has unexpected SHA-256 hash %x (expected %x)", gotSHA256Sum, m.WantSHA256Sum[:])
+	}
+
+	// Success! But this doesn't result in any real authentication, only a
+	// lack of authentication errors, so we return a nil result.
+	return nil, nil
+}
+
+type signatureAuthentication struct {
+	Document  []byte
+	Signature []byte
+	Keys      []SigningKey
+}
+
+// NewSignatureAuthentication returns a PackageAuthentication implementation
+// that verifies the cryptographic signature for a package against a given key.
+func NewSignatureAuthentication(document, signature []byte, keys []SigningKey) PackageAuthentication {
+	return signatureAuthentication{
+		Document:  document,
+		Signature: signature,
+		Keys:      keys,
+	}
+}
+
+func (s signatureAuthentication) AuthenticatePackage(meta PackageMeta, location PackageLocation) (*PackageAuthenticationResult, error) {
+	if _, ok := location.(PackageLocalArchive); !ok {
+		// A source should not use this authentication type for non-archive
+		// locations.
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("cannot check archive hash for non-archive location %s", location)
 	}
-	return nil
+
+	if _, ok := meta.Location.(PackageHTTPURL); !ok {
+		// A source should not use this authentication type for non-HTTP source
+		// locations.
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("cannot check archive hash for non-HTTP location %s", meta.Location)
+	}
+
+	// Attempt to verify the signature using each of the keys returned by the
+	// registry. Note: currently the registry only returns one key, but this
+	// may change in the future. We must check each key in turn to find the
+	// matching signing entity before proceeding.
+	var signingKey *SigningKey
+	for _, key := range s.Keys {
+		keyring, err := openpgp.ReadArmoredKeyRing(strings.NewReader(key.ASCIIArmor))
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+
+		_, err = openpgp.CheckDetachedSignature(keyring, bytes.NewReader(s.Document), bytes.NewReader(s.Signature))
+
+		// If the signature issuer does not match the the key, keep trying the
+		// rest of the provided keys.
+		if err == openpgpErrors.ErrUnknownIssuer {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		// Any other signature error is terminal.
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+
+		signingKey = &key
+		break
+	}
+
+	// If none of the provided keys issued the signature, this package is
+	// unsigned. This is currently a terminal authentication error.
+	if signingKey == nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("Authentication signature from unknown issuer")
+	}
+
+	// Verify the signature using the HashiCorp public key. If this succeeds,
+	// this is an official provider.
+	hashicorpKeyring, err := openpgp.ReadArmoredKeyRing(strings.NewReader(HashicorpPublicKey))
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("Error creating HashiCorp Partners keyring: %s", err)
+	}
+	_, err = openpgp.CheckDetachedSignature(hashicorpKeyring, bytes.NewReader(s.Document), bytes.NewReader(s.Signature))
+	if err == nil {
+		return &PackageAuthenticationResult{Result: "HashiCorp provider"}, nil
+	}
+
+	// If the signing key has a trust signature, attempt to verify it with the
+	// HashiCorp partners public key.
+	if signingKey.TrustSignature != "" {
+		hashicorpPartnersKeyring, err := openpgp.ReadArmoredKeyRing(strings.NewReader(HashicorpPartnersKey))
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("Error creating HashiCorp Partners keyring: %s", err)
+		}
+
+		authorKey, err := openpgpArmor.Decode(strings.NewReader(signingKey.ASCIIArmor))
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+
+		trustSignature, err := openpgpArmor.Decode(strings.NewReader(signingKey.TrustSignature))
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+
+		_, err = openpgp.CheckDetachedSignature(hashicorpPartnersKeyring, authorKey.Body, trustSignature.Body)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("Error verifying trust signature: %s", err)
+		}
+
+		return &PackageAuthenticationResult{Result: "Partner provider"}, nil
+	}
+
+	// We have a valid signature, but it's not from the HashiCorp key, and it
+	// also isn't a trusted partner. This is a community provider.
+	return &PackageAuthenticationResult{
+		Result:  "community provider",
+		Warning: communityProviderWarning,
+	}, nil
 }
+
+const communityProviderWarning = `community providers are not trusted by HashiCorp. Use at your own risk.`

internal/getproviders/public_keys.go

@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+package getproviders
+
+// HashicorpPublicKey is the HashiCorp public key, also available at
+// https://www.hashicorp.com/security
+const HashicorpPublicKey = `-----BEGIN PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK-----
+Version: GnuPG v1
+
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+=LYpS
+-----END PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK-----`
+
+// HashicorpPartnersKey is a key created by HashiCorp, used to generate and
+// verify trust signatures for Partner tier providers.
+const HashicorpPartnersKey = `-----BEGIN PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK-----
+
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+-----END PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK-----`