diff --git a/packages/aws-cdk-lib/aws-efs/lib/efs-file-system.ts b/packages/aws-cdk-lib/aws-efs/lib/efs-file-system.ts
index 95bd3db05dda6..c5b30f17881e9 100644
--- a/packages/aws-cdk-lib/aws-efs/lib/efs-file-system.ts
+++ b/packages/aws-cdk-lib/aws-efs/lib/efs-file-system.ts
@@ -330,7 +330,7 @@ export interface FileSystemProps {
    *
    * @default - no replication
    */
-  readonly replicationConfiguration?: ReplicationConfiguration;
+  readonly replicationConfiguration?: ReplicationConfiguration[];
 }
 
 /**
@@ -599,23 +599,27 @@ export class FileSystem extends FileSystemBase {
       throw new Error('ThroughputMode ELASTIC is not supported for file systems with performanceMode MAX_IO');
     }
 
-    const { destinationFileSystem, region, availabilityZone, kmsKey } = props.replicationConfiguration ?? {};
     if (props.replicationConfiguration) {
       if (props.replicationOverwriteProtection === ReplicationOverwriteProtection.DISABLED) {
         throw new Error('Cannot configure `replicationConfiguration` when `replicationOverwriteProtection` is set to `DISABLED`');
       }
-
-      if (destinationFileSystem && (region || availabilityZone || kmsKey)) {
-        throw new Error('Cannot configure `replicationConfiguration.region`, `replicationConfiguration.az` or `replicationConfiguration.kmsKey` when `replicationConfiguration.destinationFileSystem` is set');
-      }
-
-      if (region && !Token.isUnresolved(region) && !/^[a-z]{2}-((iso[a-z]{0,1}-)|(gov-)){0,1}[a-z]+-{0,1}[0-9]{0,1}$/.test(region)) {
-        throw new Error('`replicationConfiguration.region` is invalid.');
+      if (props.replicationConfiguration.length !== 1) {
+        throw new Error('`replicationConfiguration` must contain exactly one destination');
       }
 
-      if (availabilityZone && !Token.isUnresolved(availabilityZone) && !region) {
-        throw new Error('`replicationConfiguration.availabilityZone` cannot be specified without `replicationConfiguration.region`');
-      }
+      props.replicationConfiguration.forEach((config) => {
+        const { destinationFileSystem, region, availabilityZone, kmsKey } = config;
+
+        if (destinationFileSystem && (region || availabilityZone || kmsKey)) {
+          throw new Error('Cannot configure `replicationConfiguration.region`, `replicationConfiguration.az` or `replicationConfiguration.kmsKey` when `replicationConfiguration.destinationFileSystem` is set');
+        }
+        if (region && !Token.isUnresolved(region) && !/^[a-z]{2}-((iso[a-z]{0,1}-)|(gov-)){0,1}[a-z]+-{0,1}[0-9]{0,1}$/.test(region)) {
+          throw new Error('`replicationConfiguration.region` is invalid.');
+        }
+        if (availabilityZone && !Token.isUnresolved(availabilityZone) && !region) {
+          throw new Error('`replicationConfiguration.availabilityZone` cannot be specified without `replicationConfiguration.region`');
+        }
+      });
     }
 
     // we explictly use 'undefined' to represent 'false' to maintain backwards compatibility since
@@ -645,14 +649,13 @@ export class FileSystem extends FileSystemBase {
     } : undefined;
 
     const replicationConfiguration = props.replicationConfiguration ? {
-      destinations: [
-        {
-          fileSystemId: destinationFileSystem?.fileSystemId,
-          kmsKeyId: kmsKey?.keyArn,
-          region: destinationFileSystem ? destinationFileSystem.env.region : (region ?? Stack.of(this).region),
-          availabilityZoneName: availabilityZone,
-        },
-      ],
+      destinations: props.replicationConfiguration.map(
+        (config) => ({
+          fileSystemId: config.destinationFileSystem?.fileSystemId,
+          kmsKeyId: config.kmsKey?.keyArn,
+          region: config.destinationFileSystem ? config.destinationFileSystem.env.region : (config.region ?? Stack.of(this).region),
+          availabilityZoneName: config.availabilityZone,
+        })),
     } : undefined;
 
     this._resource = new CfnFileSystem(this, 'Resource', {
diff --git a/packages/aws-cdk-lib/aws-efs/test/efs-file-system.test.ts b/packages/aws-cdk-lib/aws-efs/test/efs-file-system.test.ts
index 2d65149667a18..2db8944c9070e 100644
--- a/packages/aws-cdk-lib/aws-efs/test/efs-file-system.test.ts
+++ b/packages/aws-cdk-lib/aws-efs/test/efs-file-system.test.ts
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ import * as iam from '../../aws-iam';
 import * as kms from '../../aws-kms';
 import { App, RemovalPolicy, Size, Stack, Tags } from '../../core';
 import * as cxapi from '../../cx-api';
-import { FileSystem, LifecyclePolicy, PerformanceMode, ThroughputMode, OutOfInfrequentAccessPolicy, ReplicationOverwriteProtection } from '../lib';
+import { FileSystem, LifecyclePolicy, PerformanceMode, ThroughputMode, OutOfInfrequentAccessPolicy, ReplicationOverwriteProtection, ReplicationConfiguration } from '../lib';
 
 let stack = new Stack();
 let vpc = new ec2.Vpc(stack, 'VPC');
@@ -964,7 +964,7 @@ describe('replication configuration', () => {
     // WHEN
     new FileSystem(stack, 'EfsFileSystem', {
       vpc,
-      replicationConfiguration: {},
+      replicationConfiguration: [{}],
     });
 
     // THEN
@@ -989,9 +989,9 @@ describe('replication configuration', () => {
     });
     new FileSystem(stack, 'EfsFileSystem', {
       vpc,
-      replicationConfiguration: {
+      replicationConfiguration: [{
         destinationFileSystem: destination,
-      },
+      }],
     });
 
     // THEN
@@ -1012,11 +1012,11 @@ describe('replication configuration', () => {
     // WHEN
     new FileSystem(stack, 'EfsFileSystem', {
       vpc,
-      replicationConfiguration: {
+      replicationConfiguration: [{
         kmsKey: new kms.Key(stack, 'customKey'),
         region: 'us-east-1',
         availabilityZone: 'us-east-1a',
-      },
+      }],
     });
 
     // THEN
@@ -1043,9 +1043,9 @@ describe('replication configuration', () => {
     expect(() => {
       new FileSystem(stack, 'EfsFileSystem', {
         vpc,
-        replicationConfiguration: {
+        replicationConfiguration: [{
           region: 'us-east-1',
-        },
+        }],
         replicationOverwriteProtection: ReplicationOverwriteProtection.DISABLED,
       });
     }).toThrow('Cannot configure `replicationConfiguration` when `replicationOverwriteProtection` is set to `DISABLED`');
@@ -1065,10 +1065,10 @@ describe('replication configuration', () => {
     expect(() => {
       new FileSystem(stack, 'EfsFileSystem', {
         vpc,
-        replicationConfiguration: {
+        replicationConfiguration: [{
           destinationFileSystem: destination,
           ...config,
-        },
+        }],
       });
     }).toThrow('Cannot configure `replicationConfiguration.region`, `replicationConfiguration.az` or `replicationConfiguration.kmsKey` when `replicationConfiguration.destinationFileSystem` is set');
   });
@@ -1084,10 +1084,10 @@ describe('replication configuration', () => {
     expect(() => {
       new FileSystem(stack, 'EfsFileSystem', {
         vpc,
-        replicationConfiguration: {
+        replicationConfiguration: [{
           destinationFileSystem: destination,
           kmsKey: new kms.Key(stack, 'customKey'),
-        },
+        }],
       });
     }).toThrow('Cannot configure `replicationConfiguration.region`, `replicationConfiguration.az` or `replicationConfiguration.kmsKey` when `replicationConfiguration.destinationFileSystem` is set');
   });
@@ -1097,10 +1097,9 @@ describe('replication configuration', () => {
     expect(() => {
       new FileSystem(stack, 'EfsFileSystem', {
         vpc,
-        replicationConfiguration: {
-          enable: true,
+        replicationConfiguration: [{
           region: 'invalid-region',
-        },
+        }],
       });
     }).toThrow('`replicationConfiguration.region` is invalid.');
   });
@@ -1110,10 +1109,22 @@ describe('replication configuration', () => {
     expect(() => {
       new FileSystem(stack, 'EfsFileSystem', {
         vpc,
-        replicationConfiguration: {
+        replicationConfiguration: [{
           availabilityZone: 'us-east-1a',
-        },
+        }],
       });
     }).toThrow('`replicationConfiguration.availabilityZone` cannot be specified without `replicationConfiguration.region`');
   });
+
+  test.each([
+    [[]], [[{ region: 'us-east-1' }, { region: 'ap-northeast-1' }]],
+  ])('throw error for invalid length of replicationConfiguration', (replicationConfiguration) => {
+    // THEN
+    expect(() => {
+      new FileSystem(stack, 'EfsFileSystem', {
+        vpc,
+        replicationConfiguration,
+      });
+    }).toThrow('`replicationConfiguration` must contain exactly one destination');
+  });
 });