[Managed Iceberg] Support partitioning time types (year, month, day, hour)

[ahmedabu98]

Fixes #32865

[ahmedabu98]

@DanielMorales9 can you take a look at this one too?

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[DanielMorales9]

I think a more scalable approach here would be to encapsulate the writing logic within a Parquet writer class. This would be similar to how Spark or Flink handle Parquet writes (e.g., i.e. SparkParquetWriter, FlinkParquetWriter), allowing you to manage the type conversions and partitioning requirements specific to Iceberg in a centralized and reusable way.

[ahmedabu98]

We have a relatively thin RecordWriter wrapper that uses Parquet and Avro writers. A RecordWriter is blind to its data file's partition key and spec.

There's one RecordWriter for each destination-partition pair, and RecordWriterManager takes care of routing records to the correct destination and partition. If it helps, we can certainly move the new partition logic in this PR to RecordWriterManager. I can see that it belongs there more than in utils.