diff --git a/docs/versionhistory.rst b/docs/versionhistory.rst
index 3ab59c5..38e07da 100644
--- a/docs/versionhistory.rst
+++ b/docs/versionhistory.rst
@@ -10,6 +10,8 @@ This library adheres to `Semantic Versioning 2.0 <https://semver.org/#semantic-v
   (`#363 <https://github.com/agronholm/typeguard/issues/363>`_; PR by Alex Waygood)
 - Fixed ``NameError`` when generated type checking code references an imported name from
   a method (`#362 <https://github.com/agronholm/typeguard/issues/362>`_)
+- Fixed docstrings disappearing from instrumented functions
+  (`#359 <https://github.com/agronholm/typeguard/issues/359>`_)
 
 **4.0.0** (2023-05-12)
 
diff --git a/src/typeguard/_transformer.py b/src/typeguard/_transformer.py
index 8ade7a8..4963a36 100644
--- a/src/typeguard/_transformer.py
+++ b/src/typeguard/_transformer.py
@@ -137,6 +137,7 @@ class TransformMemo:
     should_instrument: bool = field(init=False, default=True)
     variable_annotations: dict[str, expr] = field(init=False, default_factory=dict)
     configuration_overrides: dict[str, Any] = field(init=False, default_factory=dict)
+    code_inject_index: int = field(init=False, default=0)
 
     def __post_init__(self) -> None:
         elements: list[str] = []
@@ -152,6 +153,18 @@ def __post_init__(self) -> None:
 
         self.joined_path = Constant(".".join(elements))
 
+        # Figure out where to insert instrumentation code
+        if self.node:
+            for index, child in enumerate(self.node.body):
+                if isinstance(child, ImportFrom) and child.module == "__future__":
+                    # (module only) __future__ imports must come first
+                    continue
+                elif isinstance(child, Expr) and isinstance(child.value, Str):
+                    continue  # docstring
+
+                self.code_inject_index = index
+                break
+
     def get_unused_name(self, name: str) -> str:
         memo: TransformMemo | None = self
         while memo is not None:
@@ -212,20 +225,12 @@ def insert_imports(self, node: Module | FunctionDef | AsyncFunctionDef) -> None:
             return
 
         # Insert imports after any "from __future__ ..." imports and any docstring
-        for i, child in enumerate(node.body):
-            if isinstance(child, ImportFrom) and child.module == "__future__":
-                continue
-            elif isinstance(child, Expr) and isinstance(child.value, Str):
-                continue  # module docstring
-
-            for modulename, names in self.load_names.items():
-                aliases = [
-                    alias(orig_name, new_name.id if orig_name != new_name.id else None)
-                    for orig_name, new_name in sorted(names.items())
-                ]
-                node.body.insert(i, ImportFrom(modulename, aliases, 0))
-
-            break
+        for modulename, names in self.load_names.items():
+            aliases = [
+                alias(orig_name, new_name.id if orig_name != new_name.id else None)
+                for orig_name, new_name in sorted(names.items())
+            ]
+            node.body.insert(self.code_inject_index, ImportFrom(modulename, aliases, 0))
 
     def name_matches(self, expression: expr | Expr | None, *names: str) -> bool:
         if expression is None:
@@ -757,7 +762,9 @@ def visit_FunctionDef(
                     annotations_dict,
                     self._memo.get_memo_name(),
                 ]
-                node.body.insert(0, Expr(Call(func_name, args, [])))
+                node.body.insert(
+                    self._memo.code_inject_index, Expr(Call(func_name, args, []))
+                )
 
             # Add a checked "return None" to the end if there's no explicit return
             # Skip if the return annotation is None or Any
@@ -859,7 +866,7 @@ def visit_FunctionDef(
                     [keyword(key, value) for key, value in memo_kwargs.items()],
                 )
                 node.body.insert(
-                    0,
+                    self._memo.code_inject_index,
                     Assign([memo_store_name], memo_expr),
                 )
 
diff --git a/tests/test_transformer.py b/tests/test_transformer.py
index c5615d6..5a5208b 100644
--- a/tests/test_transformer.py
+++ b/tests/test_transformer.py
@@ -1521,3 +1521,30 @@ def foo(x: Annotated[str, 'foo bar']) -> None:
             """
         ).strip()
     )
+
+
+def test_respect_docstring() -> None:
+    # Regression test for #359
+    node = parse(
+        dedent(
+            '''
+            def foo() -> int:
+                """This is a docstring."""
+                return 1
+            '''
+        )
+    )
+    TypeguardTransformer(["foo"]).visit(node)
+    assert (
+        unparse(node)
+        == dedent(
+            '''
+            def foo() -> int:
+                """This is a docstring."""
+                from typeguard import TypeCheckMemo
+                from typeguard._functions import check_return_type
+                memo = TypeCheckMemo(globals(), locals())
+                return check_return_type('foo', 1, int, memo)
+            '''
+        ).strip()
+    )