Machine-Learning-101.ipynb

{
 "cells": [
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 1,
   "id": "f82fb9f5",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "import pandas as pd "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 2,
   "id": "c65b2602",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "df = pd.read_csv(\"WA_Fn-UseC_-Telco-Customer-Churn.csv\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 3,
   "id": "21f9e110",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
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       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
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       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>customerID</th>\n",
       "      <th>gender</th>\n",
       "      <th>SeniorCitizen</th>\n",
       "      <th>Partner</th>\n",
       "      <th>Dependents</th>\n",
       "      <th>tenure</th>\n",
       "      <th>PhoneService</th>\n",
       "      <th>MultipleLines</th>\n",
       "      <th>InternetService</th>\n",
       "      <th>OnlineSecurity</th>\n",
       "      <th>...</th>\n",
       "      <th>DeviceProtection</th>\n",
       "      <th>TechSupport</th>\n",
       "      <th>StreamingTV</th>\n",
       "      <th>StreamingMovies</th>\n",
       "      <th>Contract</th>\n",
       "      <th>PaperlessBilling</th>\n",
       "      <th>PaymentMethod</th>\n",
       "      <th>MonthlyCharges</th>\n",
       "      <th>TotalCharges</th>\n",
       "      <th>Churn</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>0</th>\n",
       "      <td>7590-VHVEG</td>\n",
       "      <td>Female</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
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       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>No phone service</td>\n",
       "      <td>DSL</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>Month-to-month</td>\n",
       "      <td>Yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>Electronic check</td>\n",
       "      <td>29.85</td>\n",
       "      <td>29.85</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1</th>\n",
       "      <td>5575-GNVDE</td>\n",
       "      <td>Male</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>34</td>\n",
       "      <td>Yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
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       "      <td>Yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>One year</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>Mailed check</td>\n",
       "      <td>56.95</td>\n",
       "      <td>1889.5</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2</th>\n",
       "      <td>3668-QPYBK</td>\n",
       "      <td>Male</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "      <td>Yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
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       "      <td>Yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>Month-to-month</td>\n",
       "      <td>Yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>Mailed check</td>\n",
       "      <td>53.85</td>\n",
       "      <td>108.15</td>\n",
       "      <td>Yes</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>3</th>\n",
       "      <td>7795-CFOCW</td>\n",
       "      <td>Male</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>45</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>No phone service</td>\n",
       "      <td>DSL</td>\n",
       "      <td>Yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>Yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>One year</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>Bank transfer (automatic)</td>\n",
       "      <td>42.30</td>\n",
       "      <td>1840.75</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>4</th>\n",
       "      <td>9237-HQITU</td>\n",
       "      <td>Female</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "      <td>Yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>Fiber optic</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>Month-to-month</td>\n",
       "      <td>Yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>Electronic check</td>\n",
       "      <td>70.70</td>\n",
       "      <td>151.65</td>\n",
       "      <td>Yes</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "<p>5 rows × 21 columns</p>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "   customerID  gender  SeniorCitizen Partner Dependents  tenure PhoneService  \\\n",
       "0  7590-VHVEG  Female              0     Yes         No       1           No   \n",
       "1  5575-GNVDE    Male              0      No         No      34          Yes   \n",
       "2  3668-QPYBK    Male              0      No         No       2          Yes   \n",
       "3  7795-CFOCW    Male              0      No         No      45           No   \n",
       "4  9237-HQITU  Female              0      No         No       2          Yes   \n",
       "\n",
       "      MultipleLines InternetService OnlineSecurity  ... DeviceProtection  \\\n",
       "0  No phone service             DSL             No  ...               No   \n",
       "1                No             DSL            Yes  ...              Yes   \n",
       "2                No             DSL            Yes  ...               No   \n",
       "3  No phone service             DSL            Yes  ...              Yes   \n",
       "4                No     Fiber optic             No  ...               No   \n",
       "\n",
       "  TechSupport StreamingTV StreamingMovies        Contract PaperlessBilling  \\\n",
       "0          No          No              No  Month-to-month              Yes   \n",
       "1          No          No              No        One year               No   \n",
       "2          No          No              No  Month-to-month              Yes   \n",
       "3         Yes          No              No        One year               No   \n",
       "4          No          No              No  Month-to-month              Yes   \n",
       "\n",
       "               PaymentMethod MonthlyCharges  TotalCharges Churn  \n",
       "0           Electronic check          29.85         29.85    No  \n",
       "1               Mailed check          56.95        1889.5    No  \n",
       "2               Mailed check          53.85        108.15   Yes  \n",
       "3  Bank transfer (automatic)          42.30       1840.75    No  \n",
       "4           Electronic check          70.70        151.65   Yes  \n",
       "\n",
       "[5 rows x 21 columns]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 3,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "df.head()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 4,
   "id": "186d4a11",
   "metadata": {
    "scrolled": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
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       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
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       "      <td>Yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>Yes</td>\n",
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       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Dependents</th>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
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       "      <td>Yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>Yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
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       "      <th>tenure</th>\n",
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       "      <td>11</td>\n",
       "      <td>4</td>\n",
       "      <td>66</td>\n",
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       "      <th>PhoneService</th>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>Yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>Yes</td>\n",
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       "      <td>Yes</td>\n",
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       "      <td>No phone service</td>\n",
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       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>InternetService</th>\n",
       "      <td>DSL</td>\n",
       "      <td>DSL</td>\n",
       "      <td>DSL</td>\n",
       "      <td>DSL</td>\n",
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       "      <td>Fiber optic</td>\n",
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       "      <td>DSL</td>\n",
       "      <td>Fiber optic</td>\n",
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       "    <tr>\n",
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       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>Yes</td>\n",
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       "      <td>Yes</td>\n",
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       "      <td>No</td>\n",
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       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>Yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>Yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>No internet service</td>\n",
       "      <td>Yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>Yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>Yes</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>OnlineBackup</th>\n",
       "      <td>Yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>Yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
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       "      <td>No internet service</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>Yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>DeviceProtection</th>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>Yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>Yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
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       "      <td>Yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>Yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>Yes</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>TechSupport</th>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>Yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>Yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>Yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>No internet service</td>\n",
       "      <td>Yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>Yes</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>StreamingTV</th>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>Yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>Yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>Yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>Yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>Yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>Yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>No internet service</td>\n",
       "      <td>Yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>Yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>Yes</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>StreamingMovies</th>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>Yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>Yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>Yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>No internet service</td>\n",
       "      <td>Yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>Yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>Yes</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Contract</th>\n",
       "      <td>Month-to-month</td>\n",
       "      <td>One year</td>\n",
       "      <td>Month-to-month</td>\n",
       "      <td>One year</td>\n",
       "      <td>Month-to-month</td>\n",
       "      <td>Month-to-month</td>\n",
       "      <td>Month-to-month</td>\n",
       "      <td>Month-to-month</td>\n",
       "      <td>Month-to-month</td>\n",
       "      <td>One year</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Month-to-month</td>\n",
       "      <td>Month-to-month</td>\n",
       "      <td>Month-to-month</td>\n",
       "      <td>One year</td>\n",
       "      <td>Two year</td>\n",
       "      <td>One year</td>\n",
       "      <td>One year</td>\n",
       "      <td>Month-to-month</td>\n",
       "      <td>Month-to-month</td>\n",
       "      <td>Two year</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>PaperlessBilling</th>\n",
       "      <td>Yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>Yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>Yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>Yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>Yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>Yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>Yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>Yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>Yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>Yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>Yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>Yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>Yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>Yes</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>PaymentMethod</th>\n",
       "      <td>Electronic check</td>\n",
       "      <td>Mailed check</td>\n",
       "      <td>Mailed check</td>\n",
       "      <td>Bank transfer (automatic)</td>\n",
       "      <td>Electronic check</td>\n",
       "      <td>Electronic check</td>\n",
       "      <td>Credit card (automatic)</td>\n",
       "      <td>Mailed check</td>\n",
       "      <td>Electronic check</td>\n",
       "      <td>Bank transfer (automatic)</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Credit card (automatic)</td>\n",
       "      <td>Credit card (automatic)</td>\n",
       "      <td>Bank transfer (automatic)</td>\n",
       "      <td>Electronic check</td>\n",
       "      <td>Bank transfer (automatic)</td>\n",
       "      <td>Mailed check</td>\n",
       "      <td>Credit card (automatic)</td>\n",
       "      <td>Electronic check</td>\n",
       "      <td>Mailed check</td>\n",
       "      <td>Bank transfer (automatic)</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>MonthlyCharges</th>\n",
       "      <td>29.85</td>\n",
       "      <td>56.95</td>\n",
       "      <td>53.85</td>\n",
       "      <td>42.3</td>\n",
       "      <td>70.7</td>\n",
       "      <td>99.65</td>\n",
       "      <td>89.1</td>\n",
       "      <td>29.75</td>\n",
       "      <td>104.8</td>\n",
       "      <td>56.15</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>69.5</td>\n",
       "      <td>102.95</td>\n",
       "      <td>78.7</td>\n",
       "      <td>60.65</td>\n",
       "      <td>21.15</td>\n",
       "      <td>84.8</td>\n",
       "      <td>103.2</td>\n",
       "      <td>29.6</td>\n",
       "      <td>74.4</td>\n",
       "      <td>105.65</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>TotalCharges</th>\n",
       "      <td>29.85</td>\n",
       "      <td>1889.5</td>\n",
       "      <td>108.15</td>\n",
       "      <td>1840.75</td>\n",
       "      <td>151.65</td>\n",
       "      <td>820.5</td>\n",
       "      <td>1949.4</td>\n",
       "      <td>301.9</td>\n",
       "      <td>3046.05</td>\n",
       "      <td>3487.95</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>2625.25</td>\n",
       "      <td>6886.25</td>\n",
       "      <td>1495.1</td>\n",
       "      <td>743.3</td>\n",
       "      <td>1419.4</td>\n",
       "      <td>1990.5</td>\n",
       "      <td>7362.9</td>\n",
       "      <td>346.45</td>\n",
       "      <td>306.6</td>\n",
       "      <td>6844.5</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Churn</th>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>Yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>Yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>Yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>Yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>Yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>Yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "<p>21 rows × 7043 columns</p>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "                              0             1               2     \\\n",
       "customerID              7590-VHVEG    5575-GNVDE      3668-QPYBK   \n",
       "gender                      Female          Male            Male   \n",
       "SeniorCitizen                    0             0               0   \n",
       "Partner                        Yes            No              No   \n",
       "Dependents                      No            No              No   \n",
       "tenure                           1            34               2   \n",
       "PhoneService                    No           Yes             Yes   \n",
       "MultipleLines     No phone service            No              No   \n",
       "InternetService                DSL           DSL             DSL   \n",
       "OnlineSecurity                  No           Yes             Yes   \n",
       "OnlineBackup                   Yes            No             Yes   \n",
       "DeviceProtection                No           Yes              No   \n",
       "TechSupport                     No            No              No   \n",
       "StreamingTV                     No            No              No   \n",
       "StreamingMovies                 No            No              No   \n",
       "Contract            Month-to-month      One year  Month-to-month   \n",
       "PaperlessBilling               Yes            No             Yes   \n",
       "PaymentMethod     Electronic check  Mailed check    Mailed check   \n",
       "MonthlyCharges               29.85         56.95           53.85   \n",
       "TotalCharges                 29.85        1889.5          108.15   \n",
       "Churn                           No            No             Yes   \n",
       "\n",
       "                                       3                 4     \\\n",
       "customerID                       7795-CFOCW        9237-HQITU   \n",
       "gender                                 Male            Female   \n",
       "SeniorCitizen                             0                 0   \n",
       "Partner                                  No                No   \n",
       "Dependents                               No                No   \n",
       "tenure                                   45                 2   \n",
       "PhoneService                             No               Yes   \n",
       "MultipleLines              No phone service                No   \n",
       "InternetService                         DSL       Fiber optic   \n",
       "OnlineSecurity                          Yes                No   \n",
       "OnlineBackup                             No                No   \n",
       "DeviceProtection                        Yes                No   \n",
       "TechSupport                             Yes                No   \n",
       "StreamingTV                              No                No   \n",
       "StreamingMovies                          No                No   \n",
       "Contract                           One year    Month-to-month   \n",
       "PaperlessBilling                         No               Yes   \n",
       "PaymentMethod     Bank transfer (automatic)  Electronic check   \n",
       "MonthlyCharges                         42.3              70.7   \n",
       "TotalCharges                        1840.75            151.65   \n",
       "Churn                                    No               Yes   \n",
       "\n",
       "                              5                        6                 7     \\\n",
       "customerID              9305-CDSKC               1452-KIOVK        6713-OKOMC   \n",
       "gender                      Female                     Male            Female   \n",
       "SeniorCitizen                    0                        0                 0   \n",
       "Partner                         No                       No                No   \n",
       "Dependents                      No                      Yes                No   \n",
       "tenure                           8                       22                10   \n",
       "PhoneService                   Yes                      Yes                No   \n",
       "MultipleLines                  Yes                      Yes  No phone service   \n",
       "InternetService        Fiber optic              Fiber optic               DSL   \n",
       "OnlineSecurity                  No                       No               Yes   \n",
       "OnlineBackup                    No                      Yes                No   \n",
       "DeviceProtection               Yes                       No                No   \n",
       "TechSupport                     No                       No                No   \n",
       "StreamingTV                    Yes                      Yes                No   \n",
       "StreamingMovies                Yes                       No                No   \n",
       "Contract            Month-to-month           Month-to-month    Month-to-month   \n",
       "PaperlessBilling               Yes                      Yes                No   \n",
       "PaymentMethod     Electronic check  Credit card (automatic)      Mailed check   \n",
       "MonthlyCharges               99.65                     89.1             29.75   \n",
       "TotalCharges                 820.5                   1949.4             301.9   \n",
       "Churn                          Yes                       No                No   \n",
       "\n",
       "                              8                          9     ...  \\\n",
       "customerID              7892-POOKP                 6388-TABGU  ...   \n",
       "gender                      Female                       Male  ...   \n",
       "SeniorCitizen                    0                          0  ...   \n",
       "Partner                        Yes                         No  ...   \n",
       "Dependents                      No                        Yes  ...   \n",
       "tenure                          28                         62  ...   \n",
       "PhoneService                   Yes                        Yes  ...   \n",
       "MultipleLines                  Yes                         No  ...   \n",
       "InternetService        Fiber optic                        DSL  ...   \n",
       "OnlineSecurity                  No                        Yes  ...   \n",
       "OnlineBackup                    No                        Yes  ...   \n",
       "DeviceProtection               Yes                         No  ...   \n",
       "TechSupport                    Yes                         No  ...   \n",
       "StreamingTV                    Yes                         No  ...   \n",
       "StreamingMovies                Yes                         No  ...   \n",
       "Contract            Month-to-month                   One year  ...   \n",
       "PaperlessBilling               Yes                         No  ...   \n",
       "PaymentMethod     Electronic check  Bank transfer (automatic)  ...   \n",
       "MonthlyCharges               104.8                      56.15  ...   \n",
       "TotalCharges               3046.05                    3487.95  ...   \n",
       "Churn                          Yes                         No  ...   \n",
       "\n",
       "                                     7033                     7034  \\\n",
       "customerID                     9767-FFLEM               0639-TSIQW   \n",
       "gender                               Male                   Female   \n",
       "SeniorCitizen                           0                        0   \n",
       "Partner                                No                       No   \n",
       "Dependents                             No                       No   \n",
       "tenure                                 38                       67   \n",
       "PhoneService                          Yes                      Yes   \n",
       "MultipleLines                          No                      Yes   \n",
       "InternetService               Fiber optic              Fiber optic   \n",
       "OnlineSecurity                         No                      Yes   \n",
       "OnlineBackup                           No                      Yes   \n",
       "DeviceProtection                       No                      Yes   \n",
       "TechSupport                            No                       No   \n",
       "StreamingTV                            No                      Yes   \n",
       "StreamingMovies                        No                       No   \n",
       "Contract                   Month-to-month           Month-to-month   \n",
       "PaperlessBilling                      Yes                      Yes   \n",
       "PaymentMethod     Credit card (automatic)  Credit card (automatic)   \n",
       "MonthlyCharges                       69.5                   102.95   \n",
       "TotalCharges                      2625.25                  6886.25   \n",
       "Churn                                  No                      Yes   \n",
       "\n",
       "                                       7035              7036  \\\n",
       "customerID                       8456-QDAVC        7750-EYXWZ   \n",
       "gender                                 Male            Female   \n",
       "SeniorCitizen                             0                 0   \n",
       "Partner                                  No                No   \n",
       "Dependents                               No                No   \n",
       "tenure                                   19                12   \n",
       "PhoneService                            Yes                No   \n",
       "MultipleLines                            No  No phone service   \n",
       "InternetService                 Fiber optic               DSL   \n",
       "OnlineSecurity                           No                No   \n",
       "OnlineBackup                             No               Yes   \n",
       "DeviceProtection                         No               Yes   \n",
       "TechSupport                              No               Yes   \n",
       "StreamingTV                             Yes               Yes   \n",
       "StreamingMovies                          No               Yes   \n",
       "Contract                     Month-to-month          One year   \n",
       "PaperlessBilling                        Yes                No   \n",
       "PaymentMethod     Bank transfer (automatic)  Electronic check   \n",
       "MonthlyCharges                         78.7             60.65   \n",
       "TotalCharges                         1495.1             743.3   \n",
       "Churn                                    No                No   \n",
       "\n",
       "                                       7037          7038  \\\n",
       "customerID                       2569-WGERO    6840-RESVB   \n",
       "gender                               Female          Male   \n",
       "SeniorCitizen                             0             0   \n",
       "Partner                                  No           Yes   \n",
       "Dependents                               No           Yes   \n",
       "tenure                                   72            24   \n",
       "PhoneService                            Yes           Yes   \n",
       "MultipleLines                            No           Yes   \n",
       "InternetService                          No           DSL   \n",
       "OnlineSecurity          No internet service           Yes   \n",
       "OnlineBackup            No internet service            No   \n",
       "DeviceProtection        No internet service           Yes   \n",
       "TechSupport             No internet service           Yes   \n",
       "StreamingTV             No internet service           Yes   \n",
       "StreamingMovies         No internet service           Yes   \n",
       "Contract                           Two year      One year   \n",
       "PaperlessBilling                        Yes           Yes   \n",
       "PaymentMethod     Bank transfer (automatic)  Mailed check   \n",
       "MonthlyCharges                        21.15          84.8   \n",
       "TotalCharges                         1419.4        1990.5   \n",
       "Churn                                    No            No   \n",
       "\n",
       "                                     7039              7040            7041  \\\n",
       "customerID                     2234-XADUH        4801-JZAZL      8361-LTMKD   \n",
       "gender                             Female            Female            Male   \n",
       "SeniorCitizen                           0                 0               1   \n",
       "Partner                               Yes               Yes             Yes   \n",
       "Dependents                            Yes               Yes              No   \n",
       "tenure                                 72                11               4   \n",
       "PhoneService                          Yes                No             Yes   \n",
       "MultipleLines                         Yes  No phone service             Yes   \n",
       "InternetService               Fiber optic               DSL     Fiber optic   \n",
       "OnlineSecurity                         No               Yes              No   \n",
       "OnlineBackup                          Yes                No              No   \n",
       "DeviceProtection                      Yes                No              No   \n",
       "TechSupport                            No                No              No   \n",
       "StreamingTV                           Yes                No              No   \n",
       "StreamingMovies                       Yes                No              No   \n",
       "Contract                         One year    Month-to-month  Month-to-month   \n",
       "PaperlessBilling                      Yes               Yes             Yes   \n",
       "PaymentMethod     Credit card (automatic)  Electronic check    Mailed check   \n",
       "MonthlyCharges                      103.2              29.6            74.4   \n",
       "TotalCharges                       7362.9            346.45           306.6   \n",
       "Churn                                  No                No             Yes   \n",
       "\n",
       "                                       7042  \n",
       "customerID                       3186-AJIEK  \n",
       "gender                                 Male  \n",
       "SeniorCitizen                             0  \n",
       "Partner                                  No  \n",
       "Dependents                               No  \n",
       "tenure                                   66  \n",
       "PhoneService                            Yes  \n",
       "MultipleLines                            No  \n",
       "InternetService                 Fiber optic  \n",
       "OnlineSecurity                          Yes  \n",
       "OnlineBackup                             No  \n",
       "DeviceProtection                        Yes  \n",
       "TechSupport                             Yes  \n",
       "StreamingTV                             Yes  \n",
       "StreamingMovies                         Yes  \n",
       "Contract                           Two year  \n",
       "PaperlessBilling                        Yes  \n",
       "PaymentMethod     Bank transfer (automatic)  \n",
       "MonthlyCharges                       105.65  \n",
       "TotalCharges                         6844.5  \n",
       "Churn                                    No  \n",
       "\n",
       "[21 rows x 7043 columns]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 4,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "df.T"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 5,
   "id": "dc9051d2",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "(7043, 21)"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 5,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "df.shape"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 6,
   "id": "e9c1beae",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "customerID           object\n",
       "gender               object\n",
       "SeniorCitizen         int64\n",
       "Partner              object\n",
       "Dependents           object\n",
       "tenure                int64\n",
       "PhoneService         object\n",
       "MultipleLines        object\n",
       "InternetService      object\n",
       "OnlineSecurity       object\n",
       "OnlineBackup         object\n",
       "DeviceProtection     object\n",
       "TechSupport          object\n",
       "StreamingTV          object\n",
       "StreamingMovies      object\n",
       "Contract             object\n",
       "PaperlessBilling     object\n",
       "PaymentMethod        object\n",
       "MonthlyCharges      float64\n",
       "TotalCharges         object\n",
       "Churn                object\n",
       "dtype: object"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 6,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "df.dtypes"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 7,
   "id": "3288ac59",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "df.TotalCharges = pd.to_numeric(df.TotalCharges, errors=\"coerce\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 8,
   "id": "3619071d",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "customerID           0\n",
       "gender               0\n",
       "SeniorCitizen        0\n",
       "Partner              0\n",
       "Dependents           0\n",
       "tenure               0\n",
       "PhoneService         0\n",
       "MultipleLines        0\n",
       "InternetService      0\n",
       "OnlineSecurity       0\n",
       "OnlineBackup         0\n",
       "DeviceProtection     0\n",
       "TechSupport          0\n",
       "StreamingTV          0\n",
       "StreamingMovies      0\n",
       "Contract             0\n",
       "PaperlessBilling     0\n",
       "PaymentMethod        0\n",
       "MonthlyCharges       0\n",
       "TotalCharges        11\n",
       "Churn                0\n",
       "dtype: int64"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 8,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "df.isnull().sum()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 9,
   "id": "d04df80d",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "df.TotalCharges=df.TotalCharges.fillna(0)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 11,
   "id": "6614f039",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "0"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 11,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "df.isnull().sum().sum()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 12,
   "id": "64589438",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "df.columns = df.columns.str.lower().str.replace(\" \", \"_\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 13,
   "id": "038ba298",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "string_columns = list(df.dtypes[df.dtypes==\"object\"].index)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 14,
   "id": "0b4f3833",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "['customerid',\n",
       " 'gender',\n",
       " 'partner',\n",
       " 'dependents',\n",
       " 'phoneservice',\n",
       " 'multiplelines',\n",
       " 'internetservice',\n",
       " 'onlinesecurity',\n",
       " 'onlinebackup',\n",
       " 'deviceprotection',\n",
       " 'techsupport',\n",
       " 'streamingtv',\n",
       " 'streamingmovies',\n",
       " 'contract',\n",
       " 'paperlessbilling',\n",
       " 'paymentmethod',\n",
       " 'churn']"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 14,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "string_columns"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 15,
   "id": "acc62f06",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "for col in string_columns:\n",
    "    df[col]=df[col].str.lower().str.replace(\" \",\"_\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 16,
   "id": "9946e46d",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<style scoped>\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
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       "\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
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       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
       "        text-align: right;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>customerid</th>\n",
       "      <th>gender</th>\n",
       "      <th>seniorcitizen</th>\n",
       "      <th>partner</th>\n",
       "      <th>dependents</th>\n",
       "      <th>tenure</th>\n",
       "      <th>phoneservice</th>\n",
       "      <th>multiplelines</th>\n",
       "      <th>internetservice</th>\n",
       "      <th>onlinesecurity</th>\n",
       "      <th>...</th>\n",
       "      <th>deviceprotection</th>\n",
       "      <th>techsupport</th>\n",
       "      <th>streamingtv</th>\n",
       "      <th>streamingmovies</th>\n",
       "      <th>contract</th>\n",
       "      <th>paperlessbilling</th>\n",
       "      <th>paymentmethod</th>\n",
       "      <th>monthlycharges</th>\n",
       "      <th>totalcharges</th>\n",
       "      <th>churn</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>0</th>\n",
       "      <td>7590-vhveg</td>\n",
       "      <td>female</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>no</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>no</td>\n",
       "      <td>no_phone_service</td>\n",
       "      <td>dsl</td>\n",
       "      <td>no</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>no</td>\n",
       "      <td>no</td>\n",
       "      <td>no</td>\n",
       "      <td>no</td>\n",
       "      <td>month-to-month</td>\n",
       "      <td>yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>electronic_check</td>\n",
       "      <td>29.85</td>\n",
       "      <td>29.85</td>\n",
       "      <td>no</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1</th>\n",
       "      <td>5575-gnvde</td>\n",
       "      <td>male</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>no</td>\n",
       "      <td>no</td>\n",
       "      <td>34</td>\n",
       "      <td>yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>no</td>\n",
       "      <td>dsl</td>\n",
       "      <td>yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>no</td>\n",
       "      <td>no</td>\n",
       "      <td>no</td>\n",
       "      <td>one_year</td>\n",
       "      <td>no</td>\n",
       "      <td>mailed_check</td>\n",
       "      <td>56.95</td>\n",
       "      <td>1889.50</td>\n",
       "      <td>no</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2</th>\n",
       "      <td>3668-qpybk</td>\n",
       "      <td>male</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>no</td>\n",
       "      <td>no</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "      <td>yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>no</td>\n",
       "      <td>dsl</td>\n",
       "      <td>yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>no</td>\n",
       "      <td>no</td>\n",
       "      <td>no</td>\n",
       "      <td>no</td>\n",
       "      <td>month-to-month</td>\n",
       "      <td>yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>mailed_check</td>\n",
       "      <td>53.85</td>\n",
       "      <td>108.15</td>\n",
       "      <td>yes</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>3</th>\n",
       "      <td>7795-cfocw</td>\n",
       "      <td>male</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>no</td>\n",
       "      <td>no</td>\n",
       "      <td>45</td>\n",
       "      <td>no</td>\n",
       "      <td>no_phone_service</td>\n",
       "      <td>dsl</td>\n",
       "      <td>yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>no</td>\n",
       "      <td>no</td>\n",
       "      <td>one_year</td>\n",
       "      <td>no</td>\n",
       "      <td>bank_transfer_(automatic)</td>\n",
       "      <td>42.30</td>\n",
       "      <td>1840.75</td>\n",
       "      <td>no</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>4</th>\n",
       "      <td>9237-hqitu</td>\n",
       "      <td>female</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>no</td>\n",
       "      <td>no</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "      <td>yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>no</td>\n",
       "      <td>fiber_optic</td>\n",
       "      <td>no</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>no</td>\n",
       "      <td>no</td>\n",
       "      <td>no</td>\n",
       "      <td>no</td>\n",
       "      <td>month-to-month</td>\n",
       "      <td>yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>electronic_check</td>\n",
       "      <td>70.70</td>\n",
       "      <td>151.65</td>\n",
       "      <td>yes</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "<p>5 rows × 21 columns</p>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "   customerid  gender  seniorcitizen partner dependents  tenure phoneservice  \\\n",
       "0  7590-vhveg  female              0     yes         no       1           no   \n",
       "1  5575-gnvde    male              0      no         no      34          yes   \n",
       "2  3668-qpybk    male              0      no         no       2          yes   \n",
       "3  7795-cfocw    male              0      no         no      45           no   \n",
       "4  9237-hqitu  female              0      no         no       2          yes   \n",
       "\n",
       "      multiplelines internetservice onlinesecurity  ... deviceprotection  \\\n",
       "0  no_phone_service             dsl             no  ...               no   \n",
       "1                no             dsl            yes  ...              yes   \n",
       "2                no             dsl            yes  ...               no   \n",
       "3  no_phone_service             dsl            yes  ...              yes   \n",
       "4                no     fiber_optic             no  ...               no   \n",
       "\n",
       "  techsupport streamingtv streamingmovies        contract paperlessbilling  \\\n",
       "0          no          no              no  month-to-month              yes   \n",
       "1          no          no              no        one_year               no   \n",
       "2          no          no              no  month-to-month              yes   \n",
       "3         yes          no              no        one_year               no   \n",
       "4          no          no              no  month-to-month              yes   \n",
       "\n",
       "               paymentmethod monthlycharges  totalcharges  churn  \n",
       "0           electronic_check          29.85         29.85     no  \n",
       "1               mailed_check          56.95       1889.50     no  \n",
       "2               mailed_check          53.85        108.15    yes  \n",
       "3  bank_transfer_(automatic)          42.30       1840.75     no  \n",
       "4           electronic_check          70.70        151.65    yes  \n",
       "\n",
       "[5 rows x 21 columns]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 16,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "df.head()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 17,
   "id": "6d440c59",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "0     no\n",
       "1     no\n",
       "2    yes\n",
       "3     no\n",
       "4    yes\n",
       "Name: churn, dtype: object"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 17,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "df.churn.head()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 18,
   "id": "b6932604",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "df.churn = (df.churn == \"yes\").astype(int)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 19,
   "id": "6fc39cdb",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "0    0\n",
       "1    0\n",
       "2    1\n",
       "3    0\n",
       "4    1\n",
       "Name: churn, dtype: int32"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 19,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "df.churn.head()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 20,
   "id": "be2d415d",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<style scoped>\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
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       "\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
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       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
       "        text-align: right;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>customerid</th>\n",
       "      <th>gender</th>\n",
       "      <th>seniorcitizen</th>\n",
       "      <th>partner</th>\n",
       "      <th>dependents</th>\n",
       "      <th>tenure</th>\n",
       "      <th>phoneservice</th>\n",
       "      <th>multiplelines</th>\n",
       "      <th>internetservice</th>\n",
       "      <th>onlinesecurity</th>\n",
       "      <th>...</th>\n",
       "      <th>deviceprotection</th>\n",
       "      <th>techsupport</th>\n",
       "      <th>streamingtv</th>\n",
       "      <th>streamingmovies</th>\n",
       "      <th>contract</th>\n",
       "      <th>paperlessbilling</th>\n",
       "      <th>paymentmethod</th>\n",
       "      <th>monthlycharges</th>\n",
       "      <th>totalcharges</th>\n",
       "      <th>churn</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>0</th>\n",
       "      <td>7590-vhveg</td>\n",
       "      <td>female</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>no</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>no</td>\n",
       "      <td>no_phone_service</td>\n",
       "      <td>dsl</td>\n",
       "      <td>no</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>no</td>\n",
       "      <td>no</td>\n",
       "      <td>no</td>\n",
       "      <td>no</td>\n",
       "      <td>month-to-month</td>\n",
       "      <td>yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>electronic_check</td>\n",
       "      <td>29.85</td>\n",
       "      <td>29.85</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1</th>\n",
       "      <td>5575-gnvde</td>\n",
       "      <td>male</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>no</td>\n",
       "      <td>no</td>\n",
       "      <td>34</td>\n",
       "      <td>yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>no</td>\n",
       "      <td>dsl</td>\n",
       "      <td>yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>no</td>\n",
       "      <td>no</td>\n",
       "      <td>no</td>\n",
       "      <td>one_year</td>\n",
       "      <td>no</td>\n",
       "      <td>mailed_check</td>\n",
       "      <td>56.95</td>\n",
       "      <td>1889.50</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2</th>\n",
       "      <td>3668-qpybk</td>\n",
       "      <td>male</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>no</td>\n",
       "      <td>no</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "      <td>yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>no</td>\n",
       "      <td>dsl</td>\n",
       "      <td>yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>no</td>\n",
       "      <td>no</td>\n",
       "      <td>no</td>\n",
       "      <td>no</td>\n",
       "      <td>month-to-month</td>\n",
       "      <td>yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>mailed_check</td>\n",
       "      <td>53.85</td>\n",
       "      <td>108.15</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>3</th>\n",
       "      <td>7795-cfocw</td>\n",
       "      <td>male</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>no</td>\n",
       "      <td>no</td>\n",
       "      <td>45</td>\n",
       "      <td>no</td>\n",
       "      <td>no_phone_service</td>\n",
       "      <td>dsl</td>\n",
       "      <td>yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>no</td>\n",
       "      <td>no</td>\n",
       "      <td>one_year</td>\n",
       "      <td>no</td>\n",
       "      <td>bank_transfer_(automatic)</td>\n",
       "      <td>42.30</td>\n",
       "      <td>1840.75</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>4</th>\n",
       "      <td>9237-hqitu</td>\n",
       "      <td>female</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>no</td>\n",
       "      <td>no</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "      <td>yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>no</td>\n",
       "      <td>fiber_optic</td>\n",
       "      <td>no</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>no</td>\n",
       "      <td>no</td>\n",
       "      <td>no</td>\n",
       "      <td>no</td>\n",
       "      <td>month-to-month</td>\n",
       "      <td>yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>electronic_check</td>\n",
       "      <td>70.70</td>\n",
       "      <td>151.65</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "<p>5 rows × 21 columns</p>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "   customerid  gender  seniorcitizen partner dependents  tenure phoneservice  \\\n",
       "0  7590-vhveg  female              0     yes         no       1           no   \n",
       "1  5575-gnvde    male              0      no         no      34          yes   \n",
       "2  3668-qpybk    male              0      no         no       2          yes   \n",
       "3  7795-cfocw    male              0      no         no      45           no   \n",
       "4  9237-hqitu  female              0      no         no       2          yes   \n",
       "\n",
       "      multiplelines internetservice onlinesecurity  ... deviceprotection  \\\n",
       "0  no_phone_service             dsl             no  ...               no   \n",
       "1                no             dsl            yes  ...              yes   \n",
       "2                no             dsl            yes  ...               no   \n",
       "3  no_phone_service             dsl            yes  ...              yes   \n",
       "4                no     fiber_optic             no  ...               no   \n",
       "\n",
       "  techsupport streamingtv streamingmovies        contract paperlessbilling  \\\n",
       "0          no          no              no  month-to-month              yes   \n",
       "1          no          no              no        one_year               no   \n",
       "2          no          no              no  month-to-month              yes   \n",
       "3         yes          no              no        one_year               no   \n",
       "4          no          no              no  month-to-month              yes   \n",
       "\n",
       "               paymentmethod monthlycharges  totalcharges  churn  \n",
       "0           electronic_check          29.85         29.85      0  \n",
       "1               mailed_check          56.95       1889.50      0  \n",
       "2               mailed_check          53.85        108.15      1  \n",
       "3  bank_transfer_(automatic)          42.30       1840.75      0  \n",
       "4           electronic_check          70.70        151.65      1  \n",
       "\n",
       "[5 rows x 21 columns]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 20,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "df.head()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 21,
   "id": "8f0e82d1",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 22,
   "id": "b3086e0e",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "df_train_full, df_test = train_test_split(df, test_size=0.2, random_state=42)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 23,
   "id": "8022717f",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "df_train, df_val = train_test_split(df_train_full, test_size=0.25, random_state=42)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 24,
   "id": "3a0eabfd",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "y_train = df_train.churn.values"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 25,
   "id": "f524bb70",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "y_val = df_val.churn.values"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 26,
   "id": "1422b93c",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "del df_train[\"churn\"]\n",
    "del df_val[\"churn\"]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 27,
   "id": "60b3e6af",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "categorical = ['gender', 'seniorcitizen', 'partner', 'dependents',  \n",
    "               'phoneservice', 'multiplelines', 'internetservice',  \n",
    "               'onlinesecurity', 'onlinebackup', 'deviceprotection',  \n",
    "               'techsupport', 'streamingtv', 'streamingmovies',  'contract', \n",
    "               'paperlessbilling', 'paymentmethod']"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 28,
   "id": "31a6491e",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "numerical = ['tenure', 'monthlycharges', 'totalcharges']"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 29,
   "id": "82dc83f2",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "train_dict = df_train[categorical + numerical].to_dict(orient=\"records\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 30,
   "id": "898baf68",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[{'gender': 'male',\n",
       "  'seniorcitizen': 0,\n",
       "  'partner': 'no',\n",
       "  'dependents': 'no',\n",
       "  'phoneservice': 'yes',\n",
       "  'multiplelines': 'no',\n",
       "  'internetservice': 'no',\n",
       "  'onlinesecurity': 'no_internet_service',\n",
       "  'onlinebackup': 'no_internet_service',\n",
       "  'deviceprotection': 'no_internet_service',\n",
       "  'techsupport': 'no_internet_service',\n",
       "  'streamingtv': 'no_internet_service',\n",
       "  'streamingmovies': 'no_internet_service',\n",
       "  'contract': 'month-to-month',\n",
       "  'paperlessbilling': 'no',\n",
       "  'paymentmethod': 'mailed_check',\n",
       "  'tenure': 3,\n",
       "  'monthlycharges': 19.85,\n",
       "  'totalcharges': 64.55}]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 30,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "train_dict[:1]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 31,
   "id": "6f6e3f54",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "from sklearn.feature_extraction import DictVectorizer"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 32,
   "id": "6cdca32f",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "dv = DictVectorizer(sparse = False)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 33,
   "id": "79ee8996",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "DictVectorizer(sparse=False)"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 33,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "dv.fit(train_dict)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 34,
   "id": "82ab0e5e",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "X_train = dv.transform(train_dict)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 35,
   "id": "98253935",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "array([ 1.  ,  0.  ,  0.  ,  1.  ,  0.  ,  0.  ,  1.  ,  0.  ,  0.  ,\n",
       "        1.  ,  0.  ,  0.  ,  1.  , 19.85,  1.  ,  0.  ,  0.  ,  0.  ,\n",
       "        1.  ,  0.  ,  0.  ,  1.  ,  0.  ,  1.  ,  0.  ,  1.  ,  0.  ,\n",
       "        0.  ,  0.  ,  0.  ,  1.  ,  0.  ,  1.  ,  0.  ,  0.  ,  1.  ,\n",
       "        0.  ,  0.  ,  1.  ,  0.  ,  0.  ,  1.  ,  0.  ,  3.  , 64.55])"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 35,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "X_train[0]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 36,
   "id": "bbc2e80e",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "array(['contract=month-to-month', 'contract=one_year',\n",
       "       'contract=two_year', 'dependents=no', 'dependents=yes',\n",
       "       'deviceprotection=no', 'deviceprotection=no_internet_service',\n",
       "       'deviceprotection=yes', 'gender=female', 'gender=male',\n",
       "       'internetservice=dsl', 'internetservice=fiber_optic',\n",
       "       'internetservice=no', 'monthlycharges', 'multiplelines=no',\n",
       "       'multiplelines=no_phone_service', 'multiplelines=yes',\n",
       "       'onlinebackup=no', 'onlinebackup=no_internet_service',\n",
       "       'onlinebackup=yes', 'onlinesecurity=no',\n",
       "       'onlinesecurity=no_internet_service', 'onlinesecurity=yes',\n",
       "       'paperlessbilling=no', 'paperlessbilling=yes', 'partner=no',\n",
       "       'partner=yes', 'paymentmethod=bank_transfer_(automatic)',\n",
       "       'paymentmethod=credit_card_(automatic)',\n",
       "       'paymentmethod=electronic_check', 'paymentmethod=mailed_check',\n",
       "       'phoneservice=no', 'phoneservice=yes', 'seniorcitizen',\n",
       "       'streamingmovies=no', 'streamingmovies=no_internet_service',\n",
       "       'streamingmovies=yes', 'streamingtv=no',\n",
       "       'streamingtv=no_internet_service', 'streamingtv=yes',\n",
       "       'techsupport=no', 'techsupport=no_internet_service',\n",
       "       'techsupport=yes', 'tenure', 'totalcharges'], dtype=object)"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 36,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "dv.get_feature_names_out()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 37,
   "id": "398169ca",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "from sklearn.linear_model import LogisticRegression"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 38,
   "id": "d56f39fb",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "model = LogisticRegression(solver=\"liblinear\", random_state=42)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 39,
   "id": "47d67af7",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "LogisticRegression(random_state=42, solver='liblinear')"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 39,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "model.fit(X_train, y_train)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 40,
   "id": "52115801",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "val_dict = df_val[categorical+numerical].to_dict(orient=\"records\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 41,
   "id": "e88ac585",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "X_val = dv.transform(val_dict)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 42,
   "id": "41e885aa",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "y_pred = model.predict_proba(X_val)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 43,
   "id": "482f3c5b",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "array([[0.83279835, 0.16720165],\n",
       "       [0.74686665, 0.25313335],\n",
       "       [0.56434035, 0.43565965],\n",
       "       [0.43763419, 0.56236581],\n",
       "       [0.95025839, 0.04974161]])"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 43,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "y_pred[:5]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 44,
   "id": "5377aeb0",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "0.8034066713981547"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 44,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "model.score(X_val, y_val)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 45,
   "id": "5472d3f5",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "0.8049704142011834"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 45,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "model.score(X_train, y_train)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 46,
   "id": "8e878402",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "-0.14501410816342655"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 46,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "model.intercept_[0]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 48,
   "id": "78ac4315",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "{'contract=month-to-month': 0.63,\n",
       " 'contract=one_year': -0.16,\n",
       " 'contract=two_year': -0.615,\n",
       " 'dependents=no': -0.054,\n",
       " 'dependents=yes': -0.091,\n",
       " 'deviceprotection=no': 0.027,\n",
       " 'deviceprotection=no_internet_service': -0.132,\n",
       " 'deviceprotection=yes': -0.04,\n",
       " 'gender=female': 0.015,\n",
       " 'gender=male': -0.16,\n",
       " 'internetservice=dsl': -0.327,\n",
       " 'internetservice=fiber_optic': 0.314,\n",
       " 'internetservice=no': -0.132,\n",
       " 'monthlycharges': 0.003,\n",
       " 'multiplelines=no': -0.225,\n",
       " 'multiplelines=no_phone_service': 0.124,\n",
       " 'multiplelines=yes': -0.044,\n",
       " 'onlinebackup=no': 0.076,\n",
       " 'onlinebackup=no_internet_service': -0.132,\n",
       " 'onlinebackup=yes': -0.089,\n",
       " 'onlinesecurity=no': 0.205,\n",
       " 'onlinesecurity=no_internet_service': -0.132,\n",
       " 'onlinesecurity=yes': -0.217,\n",
       " 'paperlessbilling=no': -0.241,\n",
       " 'paperlessbilling=yes': 0.096,\n",
       " 'partner=no': -0.076,\n",
       " 'partner=yes': -0.069,\n",
       " 'paymentmethod=bank_transfer_(automatic)': -0.107,\n",
       " 'paymentmethod=credit_card_(automatic)': -0.186,\n",
       " 'paymentmethod=electronic_check': 0.211,\n",
       " 'paymentmethod=mailed_check': -0.064,\n",
       " 'phoneservice=no': 0.124,\n",
       " 'phoneservice=yes': -0.269,\n",
       " 'seniorcitizen': 0.163,\n",
       " 'streamingmovies=no': -0.139,\n",
       " 'streamingmovies=no_internet_service': -0.132,\n",
       " 'streamingmovies=yes': 0.126,\n",
       " 'streamingtv=no': -0.059,\n",
       " 'streamingtv=no_internet_service': -0.132,\n",
       " 'streamingtv=yes': 0.046,\n",
       " 'techsupport=no': 0.16,\n",
       " 'techsupport=no_internet_service': -0.132,\n",
       " 'techsupport=yes': -0.173,\n",
       " 'tenure': -0.055,\n",
       " 'totalcharges': 0.0}"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 48,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "dict(zip(dv.get_feature_names_out(), model.coef_[0].round(3)))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 49,
   "id": "43582189",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "customer = {\n",
    " 'customerid': '8879-zkjof',\n",
    " 'gender': 'male',\n",
    " 'seniorcitizen': 1,\n",
    " 'partner': 'no',\n",
    " 'dependents': 'no',\n",
    " 'tenure': 41,\n",
    " 'phoneservice': 'yes',\n",
    " 'multiplelines': 'no',\n",
    " 'internetservice': 'dsl',\n",
    " 'onlinesecurity': 'yes',\n",
    " 'onlinebackup': 'no',\n",
    " 'deviceprotection': 'yes',\n",
    " 'techsupport': 'yes',\n",
    " 'streamingtv': 'yes',\n",
    " 'streamingmovies': 'yes',\n",
    " 'contract': 'one_year',\n",
    " 'paperlessbilling': 'yes',\n",
    " 'paymentmethod': 'bank_transfer_(automatic)',\n",
    " 'monthlycharges': 79.85,\n",
    " 'totalcharges': 2990.75,\n",
    "}"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 50,
   "id": "5bc784f3",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "x_new = dv.transform([customer])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 51,
   "id": "597a784e",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "array([[0.93840224, 0.06159776]])"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 51,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "model.predict_proba(x_new)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 52,
   "id": "7cf1a3a5",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "customer2 = {\n",
    " 'gender': 'female',\n",
    " 'seniorcitizen': 1,\n",
    " 'partner': 'no',\n",
    " 'dependents': 'no',\n",
    " 'phoneservice': 'yes',\n",
    " 'multiplelines': 'yes',\n",
    " 'internetservice': 'fiber_optic',\n",
    " 'onlinesecurity': 'no',\n",
    " 'onlinebackup': 'no',\n",
    " 'deviceprotection': 'no',\n",
    " 'techsupport': 'no',\n",
    " 'streamingtv': 'yes',\n",
    " 'streamingmovies': 'no',\n",
    " 'contract': 'month-to-month',\n",
    " 'paperlessbilling': 'yes',\n",
    " 'paymentmethod': 'electronic_check',\n",
    " 'tenure': 1,\n",
    " 'monthlycharges': 85.7,\n",
    " 'totalcharges': 85.7\n",
    "}"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 53,
   "id": "27a58f67",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "x_new2 = dv.transform([customer2])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 54,
   "id": "35f9b7ab",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "array([[0.19738625, 0.80261375]])"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 54,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "model.predict_proba(x_new2)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "5162801b",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": []
  }
 ],
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